His w o r k was highly a p p r e c i a t e d a n d in 1938 he was g r a n t e d a professorship a n d t h e degree of d o c t o r of Historical Sciences. F o r a long t i m e t h e n he did n o t w o r k in his field, r e s u m i n g research a n d t e a c h i n g in 1957. B u t being old a n d ill he did n o t s t a r t a n y f u n d a m e n t a l m o n o g r a p h s . H e t r a i n e d p o s t - g r a d u a t e s a t t h e L e n i n g r a d B r a n c h of t h e I n s t i t u t e of H i s t o r y , s t u d e n t s of L e n i n g r a d U n i v e r s i t y , r e a d p a p e r s a n d edited a n u m b e r of t r a n s l a t i o n s f r o m Greek a n d L a t i n .1 1 H e also r e s u m e d t h e edition of p a p y r i , o s t r a c a a n d m u m m y labels (cf. JJP X V p. 421 ; X V I - X V I I p. 199—200) a n d published a n u m b e r of p a p e r s a n d reviews. Special n o t e should b e m a d e of The Recluses in Ptolemaic Egypt which offers a new i n t e r p r e t a t i o n of this t e r m , Miscellanea epigraphica (cf. JJP X V p p . 4 2 1 — 4 2 3 ) as well as his review of Corpus of the Bosporan Inscriptions c o n t a i n i n g f e w , u n f o r t u n a t e l y v e r y few, of his o n o m a s t i c o b s e r v a t i o n s (cf. JJP X V I - X Y I I p. 199).
I n t h e l a s t y e a r s of his life his h e a l t h was t o o poor t o enable h i m t o w o r k actively a n d t o s t u d y in t h e libraries, b u t untill the last d a y of his life he t o o k g r e a t i n t e r e s t in w h a t e v e r was concerned w i t h ancient h i s t o r y . Science lost in O . O . K r ü g e r an excellent r e a d e r a n d i n t e r p r e t e r of papyrological a n d epigraphical t e x t s as well as a versatile s t u d e n t of a n t i q u i t y .
[ L e n i n g r a d , I. F. F i k h m α η I n s t i t u t e of O r i e n t a l Studies]
I N M E M O R I A M P E T E R V I K T O R O V I C H J E R N S T E D T
P . V. J e r η s t e d t , t h e o u t s t a n d i n g Soviet linguist, papyrologist a n d coptologist, a corresponding m e m b e r of t h e U . S . S . R . A c a d e m y of Sciences, died in L e n i n g r a d on D e c e m b e r 25, 1966.
P . V. J e r n s t e d t was b o r n on J u n e 21, 1890, in t h e t o w n of G a t c h i n a ( t h e L e n i n g r a d district) in t h e f a m i l y of A c a d e m i c i a n V. K . J e r n s t e d t , t h e well-known hellenist a n d p a l a e o g r a p h e r , t h e f o u n d e r of R u s s i a n p a p y r o l o g y . Being v e r y good a t linguistics, a f t e r his g r a d u a t i o n f r o m t h e s e c o n d a r y school he e n t e r e d in 1908 t h e classical d e p a r t m e n t of t h e historical-philological f a c u l t y a t St. P e t e r s b u r g U n i v e r s i t y . T h e r e he chose as his f u t u r e field t h e h i s t o r y of Greek a n d in t h e f i r s t place M o d e r n Greek, This compelled h i m t o m a k e a t h o r o u g h s t u d y of Middle Greek. A t t h e s a m e t i m e he s t u d i e d some O r i e n t a l l a n g u a g e s a t t h e Oriental f a c u l t y , viz. H e b r e w , A r a m a i c , A s s y r i a n , Syriac, Arabic, S a n s k r i t , Old P e r s i a n , etc., a n d l a t e r E g y p t i a n a n d Coptic, t h e l a t t e r b e c o m i n g his second a n d l a t e r his m a i n speciality.
11 A r r i a n , Pokhod Aleksandra, M . - L . , 1962 (in the same book, pp. 5 - 1 4 his paper Arrian
i ypgo trud "Pokhod Aleksandra", cf. JJP, X V , p. 422). V a r r o n , Sel'skoye khozyaistvo, M.-L. 1963; S t r a b o n , Geografiya, M.-L., 1964 Cf. JJP, X V I - X V I I , p. 87.
258 J. F. FIKHMAN
After his graduation from the University in 1913, he was trained to become the professor of classical philology, and in 1914 he left for Greece to collect materials for his M.A. dissertation, the description of the Zacon dialect, but the first world war interrupted this work. His interests being more and more in-clined towards linguistics, he succeeded in passing his M.A. examinations in the department of comparative linguistics and Sanskrit and later worked in the department of Sanskrit philology. Thus P. V. J e r n s t e d t became a man of extremely versatile linguistic knowledge. He considered P. K o k o v t s o v , M. Y a s m e r , G. Z e r e t e l i and P. S h c l i e r b a t s k o i as his teachers.
In 1918 P. V. J e r n s t e d t began to work at the Asiatic Museum (later the Institute of Oriental Studies and the Institute of the Peoples of Asia of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences) where he had been working almost all his creative life till 1950 when he came to the Institute of Linguistics of the U.S.S.R. Aca-demy of Sciences (1950—1954). Suffering from poor health in his last years, he unfortunately failed to publish and in some cases to complete a number of valuable studies.
P. Y. J e r n s t e d t worked fruitfully and with equal competence, inspi-ration and skill in different fields. His works were marked by an excellent knowledge of the material, great erudition, and a special linguistic intuition that enabled him to present always correctly the linguistic facts and regularities. He set himself very high standards, never publishing anything he thought un-finished or imperfect, which earned his works the reputation of "musterhafte Gründlichkeit", according to one of his reviewers.
P. V. J e r n s t e d t was the author of more than 70 works.1 They are publications of texts, large grammatical studies, articles on linguistics and translations. His interest in Middle Greek brought him to the study of the sources that preserved the people's language best — to the papyri, this result-ing both in editions of papyri and in papers concerned with some of his lin-guistic considerations on the papyri published by P. V. J e r n s t e d t himself or others. His first papyrological studies were published before the Great October Socialist Revolution,2 but almost all his scientific work belongs to the Soviet period. These are both publications of separate texts and papers on papyro-logy,3 the chief achievement of P. V. J e r n s t e d t being his participation in
1 See A. I. J e l a n s k a y a ' s bibliography, Narody Azii i Afiriki, 1967, no. 3, pp. 226-227 and J. E. G r a n d s t r e m ' s and V. S. S h a n d r o v s k a y a ' s bibliography, Vizantiiskii Vremennik, X X V I I I , 1968, pp. 320-323.
2 P. V. J e r n s t e d t , Hellenica Oxyrhynchia, X I , 2, Zhurnal Ministerstva narodnogo
pro-sieshcheniya, part LIV, 1914, pp. 526; id., O teksie i yazyke pis'ma Feona, ibid., 1915, pp. 289-294; id. Papirusnyye pamyatniki srednegrecheskogo yazyka. Pis'mo Skholastikiya k yego
materi Filostorgii, ibid., part L X X I , 1917, pp. 287-298.
3 P. V. J e r n s t e d t , Pamyatniki grecheskoi rechi Egipta, Izvestiya RAN, ser. VI, t. X V , 1921, pp. 677-724; P. V. J e r n s t e d t , Ngr. αλέτρι "Pflug", zak. ératsé, id., Prace lingwistyczne
the edition of Greek papyri of the Soviet collections under G. Z e r e t e 1 i.4 P. Y. J e r n s t e d t himself prepared for publication the volume IV containing the papyri of the Arab period,5 and volumes III6 and V7 with G. Z e r e -t e l i as coedi-tor. To -these volumes belongs P. V. J e r n s -t e d -t ' s paper in which he had combined P. Ross. Georg. III 39 with SB I 4489 and P. Ross. Georg. V 41 with BGU III 972.® This publication, supplemented with excellent palaeo-graphical and historical-philological commentaries was highly appreciated by the most authoritative papyrologists. In 1959 his Coptic papyri were edited with equal thoroughness, having been prepared for publication before the second world war.9 Not only do they enrich our knowledge of the material and spiritual life of Egyptian population, but also provide a better understanding of the texts edited before, since P. V. J e r n s t e d t succeeded, in some cases, in combining fragments from different collections10 and turning membra disiecta into totum corpus, according to G. Z e r e t e 1 i.
Of no less significance are his linguistic studies. As far as his work on Coptic grammar is concerned, special note should be taken of his syntax studies, where P. Y. J e r n s t e d t succeeded in solving some very complicated problems. His researches in the Greek loan-words from Egyptian and Semitic languages belong to a new branch of linguistics started by P. V. J e r n s t e d t in his book11 and in some papers dealing with the same subject. Unfortunately, P. V. J e r η s t e d t's illness interfered with the publication of some of his works which were almost ready for printing, the majority of them being Coptic
studies.
ofiarowane Janoui Baudouinowi de Courtenay dla uczczenia jego działalności naukowej 1868—1921,
Kraków, pp. 92-94; id., Graeco-coptica, ÄZ, LXIV, I, 1929, pp. 122-135; id., Kritischlexikalisches,
Aeg. Χ , 1929, pp. 73-79; id., Tekhnika izgotovleniya papirusa in: Ellinisticheskaya tekhnika, M.-L., 1948, pp. 252-256 ; id., Dva grecheskikh papirusa vizantiyskogo perioda iz sovetskikh sobranii,
VDI, 1952, no. 2, pp. 201-215; id., Srednepersidskoye υ grecheskikh i koptskikh papirusakh,
VV, X I I , 1957, pp. 218-231 etc.
4 Papyri russischer und georgischer Sammlungen (P. Ross. Georg.) hrsgb. von G. Zereteli,
I - V , Tiflis, 1925-1935.
5 Die Kome-Aphrodito-Papyri der Sammlung Lichacov bearbeitet von P. J e r n s t e d t ,
Tiflis, 1927.
6 Spätrömische und byzantinische Texte bearbeitet von G. Z e r e t e l i und P. J e r n s t e d t ,
Tiflis, 1930.
7 Varia, bearbeitet von G. Z e r e t e l i und P. J e r n s t e d t , Tiflis, 1935.
8 P. V. J e r n s t e d t , Dva grecheskikh papirusa...
9 P. V. J e r n s t e d t , Koptiskiye teksty Gosudarstvennego Ermitazha, M.-L., 1959;
Kop-tyskiye teksty Gosudarstvennego Muzeya izobrazitel'nykh iskusstv imeni A. S. Pushkina, M.-L., 1959.
10 See Vizantiiskii Vremennik, X X I , 1962, pp. 223-224 and I. F. F i k h m a n , Soviet
Pa-pyrology anf the Study of the Social and Economic History of Graeco-Roman Egypt, 1917-1966,
VDI, 1967, no. 4, pp. 102-119.
260
J. F. FIKHMANThe description of P. V. J e r η s t e d t's versatile creative activity would be incomplete without mentioning his fruitful work, though with same intervals, in training specialists in the Greek and Coptic languages as well as in papyro-logy at Leningrad University, Middle-Asian University and the Institute of Oriental Studies of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences.
His scientific merits were recognized and highly appreciated; he was granted the degree of candidate of Philological Sciences (1935) and the degree of doctor of Philological Sciences (1941) without any public defence and was elected cor-responding-member of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences (1946). He was also awarded the Order "Symbol of Honour" and Medals of the U.S.S.R.
The death of P. Y. J e r η s t e d t, the scholar who played such a prominent part in the development of the Soviet papyrology and coptology is a great loss for our science.
[Leningrad, I. F. F i k h m a n Institut of Oriental Studies]
