SURVEY OF LITERATURE 1953—1955 503
J. H. O l i v e r , Free Men and Dediticii (Amer. Journ. Phil. L X X V I , 3 [July 1955] p. 278 ff.). •
In this study the author discusses on p. 287 P. Giss. 40, giving the following restauration of the crucial passage (v. 8—10) Δίδωμι τοί[ν]υν απα][σι τοις ύπηκόοις κατά τ]ήν οίκουμένην π[ολειτ]είαν 'Ρω-μαίων [μ]ένοντος [ ] άτων χωρ[ίς] των [δε]δε'.τικίων.
" I give the to all the hypêkooi throughout the civilized world Roman citizenship (the roll of) dediticii still remaining separate", cf. the discussion on p. 295 concerning line 9 "Hence I prefer the restoration μ[έ]νοντος [τοϋ καταλόγου των ονομ]άτων χωρ[ΐς] (adverb.); yet I refrain from inserting it in the text as if the sense -were de-monstrated".
A. E. R. В o a k , Politai as Landholders at Karanis in the Time of Diocletian and Constantine ( J.E.A. 40 [1954] 11—14).
The subject of this article is that class of persons among the landowners and taxpayers of Karanis who are officially as politai, or more fully archontes kai politai in contrast t o the persons regi-stered as inhabitants of Karanis and its dependent district or horio-diktia, who are called kometai i.e. villagers. There can be no doubt but the term politai in this connection means citizens of a polis, a term which in this period was applied t o both the old Greek ci-ties of Egypt and the former metropoleis or nomc capitals to which their no mes now stood in the relation of territoria.
A. E. R. B o a k , The Population of Roman and Byzantine Kara-nis (Historia — Zeitschrift f. alte Geschichte I V [1955] Heft 2—3, p. 157—162).
The object of this dissertation is twofold: first, to attempt to fix with some degree of precision the population of the Egyp-tian rural community of Karanis during the years 171—174 A.D.; and, second, to compare as far as is possible the state of its population at that time with its condition in the early quarter of the second fourth century. The author shows that the papyri reveal during the years 174—175 A.D. an exceedingly small agricultural com-munity of 140 pr slightly more landholders. When we contrast these with the 618 or more owners of vineyards, gardens and or-chards who appear in P. Mich. 223, 224 and 225 for the years
504 JOURNAL OF JURISTIC PAPYROLOGY
171—174, we obtain some measure of t h e appalling shrinkage of p o p u l a t i o n t h a t h a d t a k e n place in t h i s area between t h e t h i r d q u a r t e r of the second c e n t u r y and t h e early years of t h e f o u r t h . This shrinkage is n o t surprising when we recall t h a t at a b o u t t h e same t i m e the n u m b e r of those liable to the land t a x at Theadel-phia h a d declined t o a mere 25.
V. T c h e r i k o v e r , Scripta Hierosolymitana (Publications of t h e H e b r e w University J e r u s a l e m vol. I, Studies in Classics and Jewish Hellenism, Jerusalem 1954).
S a b b a t h a i , usually transcribed in Greek as Sabbathaios, or S a m b a t h a i o s was a v e r y c o m m o n n a m e among t h e E g y p t i a n Jews in the Ptolemaic period. I n t h e R o m a n period, especially in t h e second c e n t u r y A.D., t h e n a m e , now w r i t t e n Sambathion, is no less common, b u t now it is no longer confined t o J e w s . We f i n d it as t h e only H e b r e w n a m e t o a p p e a r in a p u r e l y E g y p t i a n en-v i r o n m e n t , as in the F a y û m en-v i l k g e s K a r a n i s , Theadelphia, Phila-delphia, t h e metropolis of the H e r m o u p o l i t e district, the Mende-sian district a n d elsewhere.
S a m b e t h e or S a m b a t h i s = J e w i s h Sibyl = the goddess of t h e Sab-b a t h was worshiped Sab-b y the SaSab-bSab-bath-oSab-bservers. The SaSab-bSab-bath-oSab-bser- Sabbath-obser-vance b y Jews was so conspicuous a usage t h a t it could easily be adop-t e d b y n o n - J e w s as a separaadop-te r i adop-t , w i adop-t h o u adop-t a n y f u r adop-t h e r religious con-sequences. T h e n a m e indicates t h a t their p a r e n t s were particularly d e v o t e d t o S a b b a t h observance a n d were anxious to see this de-votion p e r p e t u a t e d b y their children. I t is a well known usage practised b y m a n y peoples t h a t children are n a m e d after their f a t h e r s a n d g r a n d - f a t h e r s . T h u s a n a m e , once entered in a f a m i l y , remains in it for m a n y years. Such was t h e f a t e of t h e n a m e Sam-bathios. Now a m a n , n a m e d S a m b a t h i o s a f t e r his g r a n d f a t h e r need not necessarily have been a S a b b a t h observer. In this w a y t h e n a m e lost its significance and became a regular n a m e for E g y p -tians.
A. C a l d e r i n i , Οί έπΐ ξένης ( J . E . A . 40 [1954] 19—22).
I n the f i r s t line t h e a u t h o r r e m a r k s t h a t the existence of ξένοι and t h e n of t h e έπίξενοι in E g y p t was p r o v e d b y several q u o t a -tions which he assembled f r o m t h e preserved documents and which
