Polish electricians individual 2nd grade equipment to protect against the thermal hazards of electric arc according to PN-EN 61482

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Summary

Installing AMI equipment on pole MV/LV substations with the live working technology is an interesting alternative to the performance of such work with voltage disconnected. No addi-tional expenditures are necessary, because it is based on exist-ing live workexist-ing technologies applied in MV overhead lines with a lift and an insulation arm as well as the live working technology applied in LV distribution equipment. This technology will cer-tainly improve the SAIDI index significantly; however, in order to get even better effects in this regard, an insulated shunt has to be designed that makes it possible to shunt the LV cable bridge of a MV/LV pole substation for the period of its disconnection from transformer terminals.

REFERENCES

Technical Reports:

[1] M. Schwann, Specyfikacja techniczna „Szafki pomiarowe bilan-sujące nn”, ENERGA-OPERATOR SA, Gdańsk, styczeń 2014 r. [2] M. Schwann, Specyfikacja techniczna „Przekładniki prądowe

nn do infrastruktury AMI”, ENERGA-OPERATOR SA, Gdańsk, marzec 2013 r.

[3] M. Schwann, Wytyczne w zakresie montażu infrastruktury AMI w stacjach transformatorowych SN/nn, ENERGA-OPERATOR

SA, Gdańsk, maj 2013 r.

[4] P. Iwaniuk, J. Sztukowski, M. Schwann, Formularz planu pracy „Montaż i podłączenie elementów infrastruktury AMI na słupo-wej stacji transformatorosłupo-wej SN/nn”, ENERGA-OPERATOR SA, Gdańsk, maj 2013 r.

Papers from Conference Proceedings (Published):

[5] P. Iwaniuk, J. Sztukowski, M. Schwann, Wykorzystanie techno-logii PPN do montażu urządzeń AMI, XI Konferencja Naukowo--Techniczna Prace pod napięciem w Polsce i na świecie, Zielo-na Góra,13-14 czerwca 2013 r. Webpages: [6] www.hubix.pl [7] www.abb.com.pl [8] www.efen.com.pl [9] www.pl.pfisterer.com [10] www.ure.gov.pl

Jerzy Nowikow, Hubert Nowikow, Grzegorz Matusiak

_{Bogumił Dudek}

HUBIX PKBwE SEP Poland

Polish electricians individual 2

nd

grade equipment

to protect against the thermal hazards

of electric arc according to PN-EN 61482

Indywidualne wyposażenie polskich monterów-elektryków w odzież

2 kl. ochrony przed zagrożeniami termicznymi spowodowanymi

łukiem elektrycznym zgodnie z normą PN-EN 61482

Statistics of electric hazards

For many years the Association of Polish Electricians is de-eply involved in issues related to safe operation of electric and electric power equipment and systems, including safety of both professional personnel and regular users.

1) _{Jerzy Nowikow, Hubert Nowikow and Grzegorz Matusiak are with Hubix}

ul. Główna 43 Huta Żabiowolska, 96-321 Żabia Wola, Poland (e-mail: j.n@hubix.pl , h.n@hubix.pl, g.m@hubix.pl).

2) _{Bogumił Dudek (e-mail: bogumil.dudek@wp.pl).}

Operation safety of electric systems is not limited to the requ-irement to provide protection against electric shocks but must also take account for overload and short fault currents, switching vol-tage surges of various nature or volvol-tage fluctuations due to atmo-spheric discharges as well as numerous thermal effects. Efficiency of protection against such phenomena depends on many factors, including quality of electric system installation, applied protections and the practice to use protective means and measures.

The mentioned efficiency of protection against electric hazards can be measured by the number of fatalities due to electric shocks and the number of fires caused by faults in

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operation of the same.

Figures related to the number of fatalities due to electric shocks and the number of fires in various building is Poland are col-lected, structured and analyzed by the Institute of Building Techno-logies (ITB) on the basis of information received annually from such organizations as the Central Statistical Office (GUS), State Labour Inspection (PIP) and the Headquarter of State Fire Brigades.

The completed analyzes demonstrate that the annual number of fatalities due to electric shock per one million of people in Poland dropped down from 9.5 over the years from 1980 to 1985 to 3.8 for the time period 2000-2011 with the trend to further reduction du-ring subsequent years. However, the number of fatalities associated with electric shocks still remains in Poland by two or three times higher than in other countries of European Union.

The statistics of fatalities at work caused by electric shocks in Poland from 2001 to 2011 is outlined in the Table 1.

However, there are still too many such accidents and it is indispensable to further eliminate them or mitigate their conse-quences, in particular with regard to professional personnel who deal with operation of electric equipment.

Safety of equipment users is a separate category of acti-vities where Polish representative of the Association of Polish Electricians (SEP) are deeply involved in efforts of numerous in-ternational organizations, such as FISUEL [1]. The most recent session of that organization that was held in Warsaw in Novem-ber 2013 emphasized the need to carry out statistical analyzes and to launch public campaigns to make people aware of the risks associated with operation of electric equipment and to pre-vent from accidents among electric professionals [5],[6].

Use of preventive means and measures

intended to protect against thermal effect

of electric arc flash

Various Committees of the Association of Polish Electri-cians are concerned with safety of personnel employed at com-panies that deal with professional electric power engineering. For such people various technical means are developed to enable execution of jobs with live equipment, whilst training programs for them benefit from achievements of behavioral psychology and are in line with guidelines and manuals issued by Electric Section of International Social Security Association (ISSA) that collaborates with the Central Institute for Labour Protection –

Na-tional Research Institute (CIOP-PIB). It is expected that bene-fiting from the most advanced foreign experience shall enable more efficient collaboration and bring together all electric profes-sionals who are keen on activities for sake of common safety and improvement of labour standards.

The safety measures intended to improve protection of per-sonnel health and life were discussed during the ICOLIM’2011 conference in Croatia [2], [3], [4]. The paper [2] presented by Po-lish delegates covered also the issues of furnishing the profes-sional personnel in Poland with protective means suitable for 1st grade protection against thermal effects of thermal arc flash. Fur-ther efforts in improvement of those protective means brought fruits in participation of a Polish representative in the editorial bo-ard that has prepared the second issue of the ISSA guideline [1] devoted to examination of personal protective equipment of both first and second class of protection and providing references to corresponding American and European investigations.

Lack of personal protective equipment meeting require-ments of the second protection grade and suitable for electric professionals triggered many research studies and measure-ments that have led to development of a helmet that protects both faces and heads of working personnel. The analysis cove-red several types of safeguarding shields and finally an option was selected that meets criteria of thermal protection, which is illustrated in attached pictures.

Development of requirements to helmets with regard to pro-tection against thermal effect of thermal arc flash was directed by the following standards:

• EN 397:2012 „Industrial safety helmets”

• EN 50365:2002 „Electrically insulating helmets for use on low voltage installations”

• EN 166:2001 „Personal eye-protection – Specification” •

GS-ET-29:2011-05 „Supplementary requirements for the te-sting and certification of face shields for electrical works”. The investigations were carried out for several types of face shields that were subjected to tests according to requirements of the GS-ET-29 code and included so called box test that for the equipment of the second protection grade imposes the resistan-ce to the impact of 423 kJ/m2 and immunity to the short fault cur-rent of 7 kA and duration of 0.5 sec. The plans for the 1st quarter of 2014 foresee tests according to the American standard ASTM F2178 with the aim to determine the Arc Thermal Performance Value (ATPV) coefficient.

Hence, one can say that a helmet with a face shield that meets requirements of the second protection grade is already available.

Table 1

Fatalities at work caused by electric shocks in Poland from 2001 to 2011 [6]

Years Number of fatalities at work _{caused by electric shocks of the total at work fatalities, %}Percentage _{associated with electric shocks, %}Percentage of the total fatalities

2001 21 3,8 11,8 2002 20 3,4 10,8 2003 20 3,5 10,6 2004 10 1,8 8,6 2005 11 2,0 8,1 2006 18 3,5 12,9 2007 27 3,3 20,0 2008 20 3,3 16,5 2009 20 3,3 16,4 2010 20 3,3 16,3 2011 27 3,3 20,5

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Fig. 3. Differences in testing method ATPV and Box Test

Fig. 4. The first helmet design for test of resistance to electric arc (2 class) – result: test was failed (readout from 4 calorimeters should be below the Stoll curve)

Fig. 5. The second helmet design for test of resistance to electric arc (2 class) - changing cover the neck – result: test was failed

Fig. 6. The third helmet design for test of resistance to electric arc (2 class) – new design cover the neck – result: test was passed Fig.1. Box Test method

Live working PPe – arc flash safety helmet; the results Fig.1-6 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Zeit in s Temperaturverlauf in K 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 S-1: --- S-2: --- S-3: Kinn

S-4: Auge L S-5: Auge R S-6: Nase/Mund

3 21 6 54 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Zeit in s Temperaturverlauf in K 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 S-1: --- S-2: --- S-3: Kinn

S-4: Auge L S-5: Auge R S-6: Nase/Mund

3 21 6 54 -5 0 5 10 15 20 25   30 35 Zeit in s Temperaturverlauf in K 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 S-1: --- S-2: --- S-3: Kinn

S-4: Auge L S-5: Auge R S-6: Nase/Mund

3

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[1] ISSA Guideline for the selection of personal protective equip-ment when expose to the thermal effects of an electric fault arc, 2nd Edition 2011

[2] Dudek B., Nowikow J., Skomudek W.: Complete arc flash per-sonal protective equipment for electricians, X ICOLIM’2011 Za-greb, Croatia

[3] Ziehmer R., Rotter G.: PPE – Arc-fault-tested protective gloves, X ICOLIM’2011 Zagreb, Croatia

[4] Schau H., Ehrhardt A.: Proving tripping safety and immunity against malfunctions of the typical arc detection components of a novel electric fault arc protective system, X ICOLIM’2011 Zagreb, Croatia

[5] Philips J., Frain M.: A European view of arc hazards and electri-cal safety

[6] Dudek B.: Increasing the safety of use of electrical installations, FISUEL International Forum Warsaw, 28-29 November 2013

Introduction

Modernization and reconstruction projects of overhead lines, ranging between 110 and 400 kV, are related to intensive expansion of infrastructure in our country in recent years. It ap-plies in particular to construction of roads, railroads, sports and cultural facilities, including highways, sports stadiums, which leads to installation of cables on various lengths of sections, which frequently enter dense built-up areas of urban agglomera-tions. Expanded infrastructure, formal-legal regulations cause dif-ficulties to acquire land for overhead lines. Therefore, despite higher costs, projects involve installation of 110-400kV cable lines more often than in the past [1],[6],[7]. The most frequent projects involve construction of 110kV cable lines, which cost is nearly twice as high as overhead lines. Installation of cable lines requires high quality installation works, including terminations on line poles and support structures of stations.

1) _{Sławomir Widlas is with MEGA-POL Bydgoszcz (e-mail: slawomir.widlas@}

megapol.pl)

2) _{Bogumił Dudek is with PSE Inwestycje S.A., 40-056 Katowice, Poland}

(e-mail: bogumil.dudek@pse.pl).

Sławomir Widlas,

Production Director MEGA-POL S.A.

Bogumił Dudek

PKBwE SEP - Poland

Concept of installation of cable

terminations on 110-400 kV live line poles

Koncepcja montażu pod napięciem

głowic kablowych końcowych na słupach

linii 110-400 kV

In order to avoid inconvenient outages, electrical compa-nies conduct concept works in order to install heads on live lines. These works are described in this report. It discusses the principles of occupational safety and the risk involved in this type of works.

What to build – overhead or cable lines?

At first glance, cable line looks better than overhead line. However, collecting opinions about environmental impact of the line is not that unequivocal. In addition, high cost of line con-struction plays an important role as well. It is reflected in the cost of electricity, for which consumers want to pay as little as possible. Equally important are formal and technical aspects due to the growing density of infrastructure. Despite the fact that the number of overhead lines will continue to dominate, cable lines will be built more often. Their installation frequently faces problems related to performance of works with uninter-rupted power supply to consumers or cutting the time of out-ages to minimum. Without live-line working technology, effec-tiveness of these works would be very low.