ER
(
R
)
GO
'HEDWD
„Zwierzę – żywe tworzywo artysty?”
Zapis debaty – fragmenty.
3RQLĪV]\WHNVWMHVW]DSLVHPIUDJPHQWyZGHEDW\NWyUDRGE\áDVLĊSDĨG]LHU QLNDUZ0X]HXPZ*OLZLFDFK,GHDSU]HSURZDG]HQLDGHEDW\GRW\F]ąFHM NZHVWLLQLF]\PQLHRJUDQLF]RQHJR ]XZDJLQDÄZROQRĞüWZyUF]ą´ SRVáXJLZD QLDVLĊSU]H]DUW\VWyZĪ\Z\P]ZLHU]ĊFLHPSRMDZLáDVLĊZUD]]GHF\]MąR]RU JDQL]RZDQLXZ&]\WHOQL6]WXNLZ\VWDZ\ 0LFKDáD%U]H]LĔVNLHJR Expanded /LIH'H¿QLWLRQJG]LHHOHPHQWHPMHGQHM]LQVWDODFMLE\áDZROLHUD]Ī\ZąSDSXJą 3U]\JRWRZDQLDGRGHEDW\WUZDá\RGSRF]ąWNXVLHUSQLDU:HUQLVDĪExpan-GHG/LIH'H¿QLWLRQRGE\áVLĊZ&]\WHOQL6]WXNLSDĨG]LHUQLNDU'HF\]Mą ZáDG]0X]HXPZ\VWDZD]RVWDáD]DPNQLĊWDSDĨG]LHUQLND]HZ]JOĊGXQDWR LĪSDSXJĊ]QDOH]LRQRPDUWZą$E\WHQIDNWQLH]GRPLQRZDáGHEDW\Ä=ZLHU]Ċ ±Ī\ZHWZRU]\ZRDUW\VW\"´LQIRUPDFMDRĞPLHUFL]ZLHU]ĊFLDMDNRSU]\F]\QLH ]DPNQLĊFLDZ\VWDZ\]RVWDáDSRGDQDQDVDPMHMNRQLHF =DSURV]HQLHGRXF]HVWQLFWZDZGHEDFLHQDWHPDWZ\NRU]\VWDQLD]ZLHU]ąW ZV]WXFHSU]\MĊOL • 3URIHVRU'DQXWDĝOĊF]HN&]DNRQ NLHURZQLN=DNáDGX(W\NL8QLZHUV\WHWX ĝOąVNLHJR • 'RNWRUKDELOLWRZDQ\7RPDV]3LHWU]\NRZVNL .DWHGUD7HRULLL)LOR]R¿L 8QLZHUV\WHWXĝOąVNLHJR • 3DQ'DULXV]*]\UD 6WRZDU]\V]HQLH(PSDWLD • 0JU'DQLHO0DOLĔVNL GRNWRUDQWZ.DWHGU]H(VWHW\NL8QLZHUV\WHWX àyG]NLHJR 'HEDWĊSURZDG]LáD(ZD&KXG\EDKLVWRU\N¿OR]R¿LSHáQLąFDZ0X]HXP Z*OLZLFDFKRERZLą]NLJáyZQHJRVSHFMDOLVW\GVHGXNDFMLLSURPRFML3U]HG UR]SRF]ĊFLHPG\VNXVML]DSURV]HQLJRĞFLHSRSURV]HQL]RVWDOLRSU]HGVWDZLHQLH VZRLFKVWDQRZLVN 'DQXWDĝOĊF]HN&]DNRQ 3R]ZyOFLH3DĔVWZRLĪ]DF]QĊRGVWZLHUG]HQLDLĪZVSyá F]HVQDG\VNXVMDRSUDZDFK]ZLHU]ąWREUDFDVLĊZREHFSHZQ\FKSRGVWDZR Z\FKSUREOHPyZMDNLPLVąLQWHQV\ZQDKRGRZOD]ZLHU]ąWLXĪ\ZDQLH]ZLHU]ąW GRHNVSHU\PHQWyZPHG\F]Q\FK ZREXSU]\SDGNDFKáąF]\VLĊWR]]DGDZDQLH
LPEyOX RJUDQLF]HQLHZROQRĞFL]ZLHU]ąWDZNRĔFXLFK]DELMDQLH3RZV]HFKQH MHVWSU]HNRQDQLHLĪMHVWWRFHQDSRVWĊSXPHG\F\Q\NWyU\VáXĪ\GREUX]DUyZQR OXG]LMDNL]ZLHU]ąW3U]HNRQDQLHWRMHVWMHGQDNFRUD]F]ĊĞFLHMNZHVWLRQRZDQH .ZHVWLRQXMHVLĊXĪ\ZDQLH]ZLHU]ąWGRWHVWRZDQLDNRVPHW\NyZGHWHUJHQWyZ RUD]UyĪQHJRW\SXQLHPHG\F]Q\FKĞURGNyZ FRUD]F]ĊĞFLHMSURGXNW\RSDWU]RQH VąLQIRUPDFMąÄ1LHWHVWRZDQHQD]ZLHU]ĊWDFK´FKRFLDĪQLHU]DGNRMHVWWR]DELHJ F]\VWRPDUNHWLQJRZ\&RUD]F]ĊĞFLHMNZHVWLRQXMHVLĊKRGRZOĊLXEyM]ZLHU]ąW ]SU]H]QDF]HQLHPQDIXWUD>«@&RUD]F]ĊĞFLHMPyZLVLĊRW\PLĪVSRUWRZH SRORZDQLHFRUULGDF]\WHĪZDONL]ZLHU]ąWRUJDQL]RZDQHVąW\ONRGODUR]U\ZNL F]áRZLHND3UREOHPNWyU\G]LVLDMVWDQRZLüEĊG]LHSU]HGPLRWQDV]HMGHEDW\GR W\F]\Z\NRU]\VW\ZDQLD]ZLHU]ąWZG]LDáDQLDFKDUW\VW\F]Q\FK:SU]\SDGNX ELRDUWXF]\WHĪWDNLFKG]LDáDĔDUW\VW\F]Q\FKNWyUHWZRU]ąQRZHIRUP\Ī\FLD ]]DVWRVRZDQLHPLQĪ\QLHULLELRPHG\F]QHMOXEWNDQNRZHM]ZLHU]ĊMHVWF]ĊVWR WZRU]\ZHPLPDWHULDáHPDQLHW\ONRRELHNWHPRGZ]RURZDQ\P:\GDMHVLĊ LĪMXĪVDPRSRVWDZLHQLHS\WDQLD F]\DUW\ĞFLHZROQREH]RJUDQLF]HĔF]\QLü ]ZLHU]ĊWDWZRU]\ZHPF]\WHĪPDWHULDáHPVZRLFKG]LDáDĔMHVWR]QDNąSHZQ\FK ]PLDQZPRUDOQRĞFL1DSRF]ąWNXODWG]LHZLĊüG]LHVLąW\FK0DUHN)ULW]KDQG SROVNLHW\NL¿OR]RIVIRUPXáRZDáQHXWUDOQąGH¿QLFMĊPRUDOQRĞFL0yZLá Ä-DVDP FKĊWQLHXPLHĞFLáE\PZ]DNUHVLHPRUDOQRĞFLVWRVXQHNF]áRZLHNDGR]ZLHU]ąW WRMDNNWRĞWUDNWXMH]ZLHU]ĊWDLMDNSRZLQLHQMHWUDNWRZDüDOHSRQLHZDĪMDVDP WUDNWXMĊWĊGH¿QLFMĊZVSRVyEQHXWUDOQ\DNVMRORJLF]QLHQLHZROQRPLPRLFK RVRELVW\FKSRJOąGyZSU]HP\FDü´=GDQLHP)ULW]KDQGDQDSRF]ąWNXODW W\FK SRJOąGLĪ]ZLHU]ĊWRPQDOHĪ\VLĊV]DFXQHNLRGSRZLHGQLHWUDNWRZDQLHQLHE\á MHV]F]HZQDV]HMNXOWXU]HSRZV]HFKQ\LZ]ZLą]NX]W\P)ULW]KDQGQLHZáąF]\á WHMNZHVWLLGRRSUDFRZ\ZDQHMSU]H]VLHELHGH¿QLFML']LVLDMVWDZLDMąFWHS\WDQLD SRV]HU]DP\GH¿QLFMĊPRUDOQRĞFL >«@ +LVWRU\F]QLHU]HF]XMPXMąF]ZLHU]ĊWDZQDV]HMNXOWXU]HHXURSHMVNLHMQLHE\á\ REMĊWHF]\PĞFRPRĪQDE\QD]ZDüRFKURQąPRUDOQą:VWDURĪ\WQRĞFLW\ONR F]áRZLHNE\áSRGPLRWHPPRUDOQ\PRFKURQDPRUDOQDE\áDQDOHĪQDOXG]LRP DPRUDOQRĞüGH¿QLRZDQDE\áDMDNRVIHUDSRZLQQRĞFLZREHFOXG]L:\NOXF]HQLH ]ZLHU]ąWX]DVDGQLDQRZ]JOĊGDPL]DUyZQRUHOLJLMQ\PLMDNL¿OR]R¿F]Q\PL 0yZLRQRĪH]ZLHU]ĊWDVąLVWRWDPLQLĪV]\PLSRGSRU]ąGNRZDQ\PLF]áRZLHNRZL ĪHW\ONRF]áRZLHNMHVWLVWRWąUR]XPQą'RZ\MąWNyZ]DOLF]\üQDOHĪ\QS3LWDJRUDVD L(PSHGRNOHVDNWyU]\E\OLZHJHWDULDQDPLF]\WHĪ3OXWDUFKDNWyU\QDZRá\ZDá GRĪ\F]OLZRĞFLZREHF]ZLHU]ąW :ĞUHGQLRZLHF]X]DVSUDZą¿OR]R¿LFKU]HĞFLMDĔVNLHMF]\VWRLQVWUXPHQWDOQH WUDNWRZDQLH]ZLHU]ąWE\áRQDGDOGRPLQXMąFąSRVWDZą3RZRá\ZDQRVLĊQDZL]MH VWZRU]HQLDĞZLDWDSU]H]%RJDLERVNLSRU]ąGHN MHG\QLHF]áRZLHN]RVWDáVWZR U]RQ\QD-HJRREUD]LSRGRELHĔVWZRLWRRQRWU]\PDáRG6WZyUF\SROHFHQLHSRG
SRU]ąGNRZDQLDVRELH=LHPLRUD]SDQRZDQLDQDGLVWRWDPLĪ\Z\PL:\MąWNLHP E\áĞZ)UDQFLV]HN]$V\ĪXNWyU\QLHX]QDZDáSRJOąGXRGRPLQDFMLF]áRZLHND ,QWHUSUHWRZDáQDND]\ELEOLMQHZGXFKXWUDNWRZDQLDF]áRZLHNDMDNRZVSyáJR VSRGDU]DZ]DU]ąG]DQLXSU]\URGą FKFLDáWUDNWRZDü]ZLHU]ĊWDMDNRQDV]\FK EOLĨQLFKF]\EUDFLPQLHMV]\FK1LH]PLHQLDWRMHGQDNIDNWXLĪSRJOąGĪHQLHPD QLF]HJR]áHJRZRNUXFLHĔVWZLHZREHF]ZLHU]ąWWDNGáXJRMDNQLHSU]\F]\QLDVLĊ RQRGRRNUXFLHĔVWZDZREHFOXG]LE\áGRPLQXMąF\SU]H]ZLHNL7DNLHE\áRWHĪ VWDQRZLVNR.RĞFLRáDGRGUXJLHMSRáRZ\;,;ZLHNX-DNRFLHNDZRVWNĊPRĪQD GRGDüLĪ3LXV,;]DEURQLáXWZRU]HQLDZ5]\PLHWRZDU]\VWZD]DSRELHJDMąFHJR RNUXFLHĔVWZXZREHF]ZLHU]ąW±MHJR]GDQLHPSR]ZROLáRE\WRGRPQLHP\ZDü LĪF]áRZLHNPDZREHF]ZLHU]ąWMDNLHĞRERZLą]NL:QRZRĪ\WQRĞFLLQVWUXPHQWDOQH WUDNWRZDQLHSU]\URG\L]ZLHU]ąW]RVWDMHXWUZDORQHZ¿OR]R¿L.DUWH]MXV]DL.DQWD :HGOH.DUWH]MXV]D]ZLHU]ĊWDWRW\ONRQLFQLHF]XMąFHPDV]\Q\.DQWZLHG]LDá ZSUDZG]LHĪH]ZLHU]ĊWDRGF]XZDMąEyODOHMDNRĪHQLHE\á\RVREDPLF]áRZLHN QLHSRVLDGDáZREHFQLFKĪDGQ\FKRERZLą]NyZ=ZLHU]ĊWDQDOHĪDá\GRĞZLDWD U]HF]\DQLHGRĞZLDWDRVyE'RNRĔFD;9,,,ZLHNXGRF]DVyZ-HUHPLDV]D %HQWKDPDUHIRUPDWRUDVSRáHF]QHJRGRPLQRZDá\SRJOąG\RGPDZLDMąFHSUDZ ]ZLHU]ĊWRP%HQWKDPMDNRMHGHQ]SLHUZV]\FK MHVWWRMHGQD]]DVáXJXW\OLWDU\ ]PX GRPDJDáVLĊSUDZGOD]ZLHU]ąW]HZ]JOĊGXQDLFK]GROQRĞüGRRGF]XZDQLD FLHUSLHQLD1DZRá\ZDá 1LHS\WDMP\F]\]ZLHU]ĊP\ĞOLDOERF]\SRWUD¿PyZLü W\ONRF]\MHVW]GROQHGRFLHUSLHQLDWZRU]ąFZWHQVSRVyESRGVWDZ\XW\OLWDU\]PX HW\F]QHJRNWyU\RSLHUDVLĊQD]DáRĪHQLDFKGRW\F]ąF\FKLVWRWQRĞFLRGF]XZDQLD FLHUSLHQLD:W\PZáDVQLHRNUHVLHFRĞ]DF]\QDVLĊG]LDüZVSRáHF]HĔVWZDFK HXURSHMVNLFK::LHONLHM%U\WDQLLZURNX]RVWDMH]DáRĪRQH6WRZDU]\V]HQLH =DSRELHJDMąFH2NUXFLHĔVWZXZREHF=ZLHU]ąWFKRFLDĪFKRG]LáRW\ONRR]ZLHU]ĊWD GRPRZH:URNXRUJDQL]DFMDSU]HNV]WDáFDVLĊZ.UyOHZVNLH6WRZDU]\V]HQLH GOD=DSRELHJDQLD2NUXFLHĔVWZXZREHF=ZLHU]ąW3UH]HVHP]RVWDMH-RKQ6WXDUW 0LOOSU]HGVWDZLFLHONODV\F]QHJRXW\OLWDU\]PXNWyU\GRPDJDáVLĊ]DND]XZDON E\NyZLNRJXWyZZLZLVHNFMLRUD]LQQ\FKIRUPRNUXFLHĔVWZDZREHF]ZLHU]ąW GRPRZ\FKQSNRQLDNFHSWXMąFMHGQRF]HĞQLHSRORZDQLHQDOLV\MDNR]JRGQH ]WUDG\FMą :DUWRZVSRPQLHüLĪQDQDV]REHFQ\VWRVXQHNGR]ZLHU]ąWGXĪ\ZSá\ZPLDáR SRMDZLHQLHVLĊLUR]ZyMZGUXJLHMSRáRZLH;;ZLHNXHW\NLĞURGRZLVNRZHM(W\ND ĞURGRZLVNRZDSRZV]HFKQLHQD]\ZDQDHNRORJLF]QąWRG\VF\SOLQDHW\F]QDNWyUD SRGHMPXMH]DJDGQLHQLDPRUDOQ\FKUHODFMLPLĊG]\MHGQRVWNąUyĪQ\PLJUXSDPL OXEFDá\PLVSRáHF]HĔVWZDPLDSU]\URGQLF]\PĞURGRZLVNLHPF]áRZLHND3U]HG PLRWHPMHM]DLQWHUHVRZDQLDVąZDUWRĞFLQRUP\LPSHUDW\Z\UHJXOXMąFHVWRVXQHN F]áRZLHNDGRMHJRSU]\URGQLF]HJRRWRF]HQLD(W\NDĞURGRZLVNRZDSRVWXOXMH RGU]XFHQLHLQVWUXPHQWDOQHJRWUDNWRZDQLDSU]\URG\MDNUyZQLHĪWUDG\F\MQHJR
UR]XPLHQLDPRUDOQRĞFLNWyUDRJUDQLF]DVLĊW\ONRGRF]áRZLHNDLGRVWRVXQNyZ PLĊG]\OXG]NLFK >«@ 1DZLą]XMąFGRS\WDQLDRUHODFMHPLĊG]\V]WXNąDPRUDOQRĞFLąVąG]ĊLĪUHODFMH WHU]DGNRE\ZDá\QHXWUDOQHFR]QDMGRZDáRVZRMHRGELFLH]DUyZQRZ¿OR]R¿L MDNLP\ĞOLHVWHW\F]QHM'RSDWU\ZDQRVLĊSRZV]HFKQLH]JRGQRĞFLL]ELHĪQRĞFL SRPLĊG]\QLPL]JRGQLH]]DVDGąLĪ]P\VáVPDNXMHVWRGSRZLHGQLąSRGVWDZą GOD]P\VáXPRUDOQHJR3RJOąG\WHZUyĪQ\FKZHUVMDFKGRPLQRZDá\DĪGR;9,,, ZLHNXNLHG\WR]DF]ĊWR]ZUDFDüXZDJĊQLHW\OHQD]ELHĪQRĞFLFRQDDQWDJR QLVW\F]Q\FKDUDNWHUREXVIHU:\VWDUF]\SU]\WRF]\üZW\PPLHMVFX7RPDV]D 0DQQDPyZLąFHJRĪHZDUW\]PLHMHVWFRĞSRGHMU]DQHJRF]\(ULFND'XUNKHLPD NWyU\WZLHUG]LáĪHUR]ZyMHVWHW\F]Q\VSRáHF]HĔVWZDMHVWQLHEH]SLHF]Q\GODPR UDOQRĞFLERMHVWRQ]QDWXU\U]HF]\IRUPąEXQWXZ\]ZDODQLHPVLĊRGSHZQ\FK SRZLQQRĞFLLSU]\PXVyZ=DNáDGDMąFLĪUROąDUW\VW\MHVWáDPDQLHNRQZHQDQVyZ QDOHĪ\MHGQDN]DS\WDüF]\EĊGąFDUW\VWąSU]HVWDMHVLĊE\üF]áRZLHNLHPLVWRWą NWyUDPD]GROQRĞüGRRGF]XZDQLDUyĪQLF\PLĊG]\GREUHPL]áHP"&]\Ī\FLH F]áRZLHNDZ\F]HUSXMHVLĊZURODFK]DZRGRZ\FKLVSRáHF]Q\FK"7RS\WDQLH VWDZLDáD,MD/D]DUL3DZáRZVNDNWyUDPyZLáDĪHZDVSHNFLHPRUDOQ\PP\ OXG]LHSRZLQQLĞP\GEDüRWRE\UROĊF]áRZLHNDVSHáQLDü1DND]XMHOLF]\üVLĊ ]GREUHPLQQ\FKOXG]L G]LVLDMWDNĪHLQQ\FKLVWRWF]XMąF\FK LQLHSU]\VSDU]Dü QLNRPX]EĊGQHJRFLHUSLHQLDFKRFLDĪWUXGQRMHVWF]DVHPSRJRG]LüUROĊF]áRZLHND ]URODPL]DZRGRZ\PLLVSRáHF]Q\PLNWyUHSHáQLP\6WDZLDPZQLRVHNLĪMHĞOL V]WXNDZVSyáF]HVQDQLHMHVWW\ONRHNVSUHVMąDUW\VW\MHĞOLSHáQLIXQNFMĊSR]QDZF]ą LHGXNDF\MQąWRJUDQLFąZROQRĞFLDUW\VW\MHVWGREURPRUDOQHF]áRZLHNDRJyOQLH PyZLąFV]F]ĊĞFLHSRP\ĞOQRĞüGRVNRQDOHQLHFKDUDNWHUXWZRU]HQLHZVSyOQRW\ RUD]GREURLVWRWF]XMąF\FK:VSyáF]HĞQLHMDNMXĪZVSRPQLDáDPQDSRF]ąWNX ZVIHU]HSUDZQHMXZ]JOĊGQLRQRWRFRGODOXG]LMHVWFRUD]ZDĪQLHMV]H SU]HSLV\ SUDZDRRFKURQLH]ZLHU]ąWRJUDQLF]DMąWDNĪHDUW\VWĊ-DNNDĪG\RE\ZDWHODUW\VWD áDPLąF\RNUHĞORQHSU]HSLV\SRZLQLHQSRQRVLüRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞüNDUQą Tomasz PietrzykowskL 0yMSRJOąGQDUHODFMHZROQRĞFLDUW\VW\F]QHMLPRUDOQHM F]\WHĪSUDZQHMRFKURQ\]ZLHU]ąWVNáDGDVLĊ]GZyFKQD]ZLMP\WRRF]\ZLVWRĞFL 3LHUZV]ą]W\FKRF]\ZLVWRĞFLMHVWWRĪHUDFMHPRUDOQHPDMąEH]Z]JOĊGQ\SULRU\WHW QDGUDFMDPLDUW\VW\F]Q\PLF]\HVWHW\F]Q\PL1RUP\PRUDOQHPDMąFKDUDNWHU QDGU]ĊGQ\QLH]DOHĪQLHRGZV]\VWNLHJR±SHZQ\FKU]HF]\URELüQLHPRĪQDSRG F]DVJG\SHZQHU]HF]\URELüWU]HED2SLVXMąFWHQSRWHQFMDOQ\NRQÀLNWPLĊG]\ W\PFRFKFLDáE\]URELüDUW\VWDDW\PF]HJRQRUP\PRUDOQHPRJąZ\PDJDü RGQDVZVWRVXQNXGR]ZLHU]ąWXZLGDF]QLDP\]FDáąPRFąQDGU]ĊGQRĞüUDFML HW\F]Q\FKLPRUDOQ\FK:PRLPSU]HNRQDQLXJUDQLFDVZRERG\DUW\VW\F]QHM NRĔF]\VLĊZPRPHQFLHZNWyU\PPLDáDE\RQDVWDüVLĊXVSUDZLHGOLZLHQLHP
GODNU]\ZG\OXEFLHUSLHQLD]ZLHU]ąW5DFMHDUW\VW\F]QHPXV]ąZW\PPRPHQFLH XVWąSLüUDFMRPPRUDOQ\P]ZLą]DQ\P]HVWDWXWHPPRUDOQ\P]ZLHU]ĊFLD'UXJą RF]\ZLVWRĞFLąQLHMDNRQDWXUDOQąNRQW\QXDFMąWHJRVWDQRZLVNDMHVWMHJRRGZURW QRĞü-HĞOLQLHZLąĪHVLĊWRDQL]NU]\ZGąDQL]FLHUSLHQLHP]ZLHU]ąWQLHZLG]Ċ ĪDGQHJRSRZRGXGODNWyUHJR]ZLHU]ĊQLHPRJáRE\E\üWZRU]\ZHPUyZQLH DUW\VW\F]Q\PMDNZV]\VWNRLQQH]F]HJRDUW\VWDPyJáE\NRU]\VWDü 2ZHGZLHRF]\ZLVWRĞFLRGNWyU\FK]DF]ąáHPWZRU]ąSHUVSHNW\ZĊ]NWyUHM VSRMU]HüPRĪHP\QDNRQWURZHUV\MQHGODZLHOXHNVSHU\PHQW\DUW\VW\F]QH]Z\ NRU]\VWDQLHP]ZLHU]ąWNWyU\FKSU]\NáDGHPPRĪHE\üNUyOLNWUDQVJHQLF]Q\ Kaca1=WHJRFRZLHPQLHGRSURZDG]LáRWRGRSRZVWDQLDĪDGQ\FKG\VIXQNFML X]ZLHU]ĊFLD-HĞOLMHGQDNWUDQVJHQLF]QRĞüV]WXNLPLDáDE\SURZDG]LüGRFLHUSLHQLD ]ZLHU]ąWZyZF]DVWDNSRMĊWDVZRERGDDUW\VW\F]QDEXG]LPyMVSU]HFLZPRUDOQ\ 0RĪQDUyZQLHĪRGQLHĞüVLĊGRVWDUV]HJRUyZQLHĪNRQWURZHUV\MQHJRSU]\NáDGX .DWDU]\Q\.R]\U\LMHMÄ3LUDPLG\]ZLHU]ąW´-HĞOLZLą]DáRVLĊWR]W\PĪHNWyUHĞ ]H]ZLHU]ąW]RVWDáRXĞPLHUFRQHGODFHOXLQVWDODFMLWRMHVWWRPRLP]GDQLHPQLH GRSXV]F]DOQH-HĞOLMHGQDNDUW\VWDFKFLDáE\VNRU]\VWDü]FLDáMXĪXĞPLHUFRQ\FK ]ZLHU]ąWWRQLHZLG]ĊZW\PĪDGQHJRSUREOHPX7DNLHG]LHáRSRGOHJDZyZF]DV RFHQLHZ\áąF]QLHZNDWHJRULDFKDUW\VW\F]Q\FKHZHQWXDOQLHZNDWHJRULDFKSU]H ND]XPRUDOQHJRNWyU\PRĪH]HVREąQLHĞü >«@ 3U]HGVWDZLRQ\SU]H]PQLHSXQNWZLG]HQLDMHVWNRPSDW\ELOQ\]W\PF]HJRZ\ PDJDRGDUW\VW\LRGZV]\VWNLFKLQQ\FKXVWDZD:PRPHQFLHJG\Z\NRU]\VWDQLH ]ZLHU]ĊFLDSU]H]DUW\VWĊZLąĪHVLĊ]]DGDZDQLHPPXFLHUSLHQLDUDFMHDUW\VW\F]QH QLHVąĪDGQ\PXVSUDZLHGOLZLHQLHP3RGOHJDVLĊ]DWRRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFLNDUQHM QLH]DOHĪQLHRGPRW\ZyZ=GUXJLHMVWURQ\NLHG\QLHGRFKRG]LGRDNWXNU]\ZG\ ZREHF]ZLHU]ĊFLDĪDGQ\FK]DND]yZLRJUDQLF]HĔSUDZQ\FKQLHPD8VWDZD Z\PDJDMHG\QLHE\SU]HGXĪ\FLHP]ZLHU]ąWZZLGRZLVNDFKDUW\VW\F]Q\FKX]\ VNLZDü]JRGĊJáyZQHJROHNDU]DZHWHU\QDULLSU]\F]\PSDPLĊWDüQDOHĪ\ĪHQLH MHVWWRSU]HSLVSRZVWDá\]P\ĞOąRZ\NRU]\VWDQLX]ZLHU]ąWGODFHOyZDUW\VW\F] Q\FK0RZDWXUDF]HMRF\UNXLWHJRURG]DMXPDVRZ\FKVSHNWDNODFK]XG]LDáHP ]ZLHU]ąW0RĪQDVLĊVSLHUDüF]\GRW\F]\WRUyZQLHĪDUW\VW\NWyU\FKFH]URELü SXEOLF]QLHGRVWĊSQąLQVWDODFMĊ]Z\NRU]\VWDQLHP]ZLHU]ĊFLD3RGHMU]HZDP LĪRUJDQL]DWRU]\V]RSHNERĪRQDURG]HQLRZ\FKZNWyU\FKVWRMąĪ\ZH]ZLHU]ĊWD QLH]ZUDFDMąVLĊGRJáyZQHJROHNDU]DZHWHU\QDULLR]JRGĊQDZ\NRQDQLHWDNLHM ÄLQVWDODFML´DQLHVą]WHJRSRZRGXÄĞFLJDQL´FRW\ONRSRWZLHUG]DQLHMDVQRĞü ]DVWRVRZDQLDSU]HSLVyZGRWHJRURG]DMXZ\NRU]\VWDQLD]ZLHU]ąW >«@ :EUD]\OLMVNLDUW\VWD(GXDUGR.DF]DSUH]HQWRZDáQDZ\VWDZLHZ$ZLQLRQLHSURMHNW SWÄ*)3%XQQ\´NWyU\SU]HGVWDZLDáÀXRUHVFHQF\MQHJRNUyOLNDRLPLHQLX$OED SU]\SUHG
Dariusz Gzyra :\NRU]\VWDQLH]ZLHU]ąWMHVWZG]LVLHMV]\PĞZLHFLHU]HF]ą FDáNRZLFLHSRZV]HFKQą2FHQDWHJRIDNWXPRĪHE\üUyĪQD PRMDMHVWQHJDW\ZQD 3DĔVWZDPRĪHE\üSR]\W\ZQD)DNWHPMHVWĪH]ZLHU]ĊWDVąZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQH ZVSRVyESRZV]HFKQ\]LQVW\WXFMRQDOL]RZDQ\LGR]DVSRNRMHQLDFDáNLHPWU\ZLDO Q\FKSRWU]HE*G\E\ĞP\UR]HMU]HOLVLĊSRVDOLZNWyUHMVLĊ]QDMGXMHP\WRP\ĞOĊ ĪH]QDOHĨOLE\ĞP\ZLHOHSURGXNWyZ]ZLHU]ĊF\FK]VXEVWDQFMDPL]ZLHU]ĊF\PL UyĪQLHQD]ZDQ\PLSRáDFLQLH7DNZ\JOąGDQDV]ĞZLDW,FKRFLDĪVąOXG]LHNWyU]\ VWDUDMąVLĊE\üQDSU]\NáDGZHJDQDPLF]\ZHJDQNDPLLRGPDZLDMąNXSRZDQLD WDNLFKSURGXNWyZWR SRSXODFMLQLHG]LDáDZWHQVSRVyE:UDPDFKWHJR ĞZLDWD]ZLHU]ĊWDPDMąVWDWXVU]HF]\QLH]DOHĪQLHRGG]LHG]LQ\RMDNLHMPyZLP\ 6ąU]HF]DPLZUDPDFKSU]HP\VáXPLĊVQHJRLZUDPDFKV]WXNL3DQSURIHVRU 3LHWU]\NRZVNLPRĪHVLĊREXU]\üLSRZLHG]LHüĪHQLHERSLHUZV]\DUW\NXáXVWDZ\ RRFKURQLH]ZLHU]ąWPyZLĪH]ZLHU]ĊWRPQDOHĪ\VLĊV]DFXQHNRSLHNDLRFKURQD LĪH]ZLHU]ĊQLHMHVWU]HF]ą-HVWWR]DELHJW\OHĪSLĊNQ\FRUHWRU\F]Q\ERSU]HFLHĪ XVWDZDRRFKURQLH]ZLHU]ąWGRSXV]F]DGR]DELMDQLDURF]QLHPLOLRQyZ]ZLHU]ąW OąGRZ\FKQLHOLF]ąF]ZLHU]ąWĪ\MąF\FKZĞURGRZLVNXZRGQ\PERWHOLF]\VLĊ QDWRQ\6NRURZLĊFSUDZRGRSXV]F]DWDNLVWDQU]HF]\QLHPRĪQD]DSU]HF]\ü IDNWRZLĪH]ZLHU]ĊWDVąZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQHLVáXĪąRNUHĞORQ\PFHORP3RMDZLDVLĊ ZW\PPLHMVFXS\WDQLHRUyĪQLFĊSRPLĊG]\GZLHPDVIHUDPLĪ\FLD WąNWyUDMHVW ]DZDUWDZPLHMVFXWDNLPMDNWRZNWyU\PVLĊG]LVLDMVSRW\NDP\QLH]Z\Ná\P PLHMVFXZUDPDFKNWyUHJRPyZLP\RV]WXFHLSR]RVWDáąVIHUąZNWyUHMPDP\ GRF]\QLHQLD]WU\ZLDOQ\PSRZV]HFKQ\PZ\NRU]\VWDQLHP]ZLHU]ąW'ODF]HJR PDP\PLHU]\üLQQąPLDUąWHGZLHVIHU\Ī\FLD".WRĞSRZLHĪHZ\NRU]\VWDQLH ]ZLHU]ąWZSU]HVWU]HQLSR]DV]WXNąMHVWNRQLHF]QHQDWRPLDVWWRZUDPDFKV]WX NLNRQLHF]Q\PMXĪQLHMHVW0RĪHP\MHGQDN]DNZHVWLRQRZDüWDNLHVWDQRZLVNR SRZRáXMąFVLĊQDFRUD]ZLĊNV]ąLORĞüRVyENWyUHZĞZLHFLHLVWQLHMąF\PSR]D REV]DUHPV]WXNLVWDUDMąVLĊQLHNRU]\VWDü]SURGXNWyZ]ZLHU]ĊF\FK&LHUSLHQLH ]ZLHU]ąWQLHMHVWFLHUSLHQLHPQLH]EĊGQ\P-HVWFLHUSLHQLHPUyZQLH]EĊGQ\P MDNWRNWyUHJRGRĞZLDGF]DMą]ZLHU]ĊWDEĊGąFHWZRU]\ZHPDUW\VW\5RG]LVLĊ S\WDQLHGODF]HJRV]WXNĊWUDNWXMHVLĊSRGW\PZ]JOĊGHPLQDF]HMQLĪĞZLDWSR]D V]WXNą'ODF]HJRPLDáRE\QDVREXU]DüZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQLH]ZLHU]ąWZV]WXFH" 'ODF]HJRDNXUDWRGDUW\VW\PLHOLE\ĞP\Z\PDJDüZLĊNV]HMDZDQJDUG\PRUDOQHM" 1DF]\PSROHJDVSHF\¿NDV]WXNLNWyUDVSUDZLDĪHSRGQRVLP\WHPDWZ\NRU]\ VW\ZDQLD]ZLHU]ąWSU]H]DUW\VWyZDQLHREXU]DP\QDIDNWSRVLDGDQLDVNyU]DQ\FK EXWyZOXEQDREHFQRĞüVXEVWDQFMLSRFKRG]HQLD]ZLHU]ĊFHJR]DZDUW\FKZVWROLNX ODSWRSLHRSRQLHURZHUXLWG"1LHZLG]ĊWDNLHJRUR]UyĪQLHQLD QLHZLG]ĊQLF]HJR FRPLDáRE\SRJUąĪDüDNXUDWV]WXNĊ-HĞOLGRSXV]F]DP\Z\NRU]\VWDQLH]ZLHU]ąW ZNDĪGHMLQQHMG]LHG]LQLHWRGRSXĞüP\LZV]WXFH-HĞOLNZHVWLRQXMHP\Z\NRU]\ VWDQLH]ZLHU]ąWWRUyZQLHPRFQRNZHVWLRQXMP\MHZUDPDFKV]WXNLMDNLZLQQ\FK
VIHUDFKĪ\FLD8ZDĪDPĪHPDP\SRGVWDZ\DE\NZHVWLRQRZDüZ\NRU]\VWDQLH ]ZLHU]ąWZHZV]\VWNLFKREV]DUDFKĪ\FLD>«@
Daniel 0DOLĔVNL 3UH]HQWDFMĊVZRMHJRVWDQRZLVNDFKFLDáE\P]DF]ąüRGSU]HGVWD
ZLHQLDNRQFHSFMLHW\NLLQIRUPDFML/XFLDQR)ORULGLHJR-HVWWRHW\NDLQIRFHQWU\F]QD NWyUDSDWU]\QDFDáąU]HF]\ZLVWRĞüFDá\ZV]HFKĞZLDW]SHUVSHNW\Z\LQIRUPDFML :ĞZLHWOHWHMNRQFHSFMLGREUHPQDGU]ĊGQ\PMHVW]DUyZQRSRPQDĪDQLHLQIRUPD FMLL]GRE\ZDQLHZLHG]\MDNLWZRU]HQLHQRZ\FKRELHNWyZZHZV]HFKĞZLHFLH =JRGQLH]NRQFHSFMąHW\NLLQIRUPDFMLSLVDQLHNVLąĪHNMHVWPRUDOQLHVáXV]QHDLFK QLV]F]HQLHPRUDOQLHQLHVáXV]QHQDZHWMHĞOLPLDáE\WRE\üRVWDWQLHJ]HPSODU]Mein Kampf. -HĞOLFKRG]LR]ZLHU]ĊWDHW\NDLQIRUPDFML]DNáDGDĪHQLHW\ONRQLHSU]H V]NDG]DP\]ZLHU]ĊWRPZLFKUR]ZRMXDOHUyZQLHĪLPSRPDJDP\:NRQWHNĞFLH Z\VWDZ\NWyUDQDZLą]XMHGRLGHLSRVWKXPDQL]PXNRQFHSFMDHW\NLLQIRUPDFML SRGQRVLNZHVWLĊV]WXF]QHMLQWHOLJHQFMLLVWDZLDS\WDQLHRWRF]\MDNRMHMWZyUF\ PRJOLE\ĞP\Mą]QLV]F]\ü=GDQLHP)ORULGLHJRQLHPLHOLE\ĞP\GRWHJRSUDZD &RZLĊFHMSRPLPRWHJRĪHV]WXF]QDLQWHOLJHQFMDVWDQRZLáDE\IRUPĊEDUG]LHM GRVNRQDáąRGWHMNWyUąG\VSRQXMHP\QDV]\PRERZLą]NLHPE\áRE\ZVSLHUDQLHMHM ZSURFHVLHMHMGRVNRQDOHQLD6]WXF]QDLQWHOLJHQFMDVWDáDE\VLĊSRGPLRWHPPRUDO Q\PNWyU\E\áE\RGSRZLHG]LDOQ\ZREHFQDVW]QPXVLDáE\RQDV]DGEDü)ORULGL XĪ\ZDSRUyZQDQLDGRELRVIHU\LSRVáXJXMHVLĊSRMĊFLHPLQIRVIHU\NWyUHMXĪ\ZD GODRNUHĞOHQLDFDáRNV]WDáWXU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFL0\ĞOLP\ ÄFRVLĊVWDQLHMHĞOL]QLV]F]Ċ NDZDáHNGUHZQD"´3RGF]DVJG\ZĞZLHWOHQRUPPRUDOQ\FKWDNLH]DFKRZDQLH QLHMHVWRNUHĞODQHMDNR]áHGOD)ORULGLHJRNWyU\NRQFHQWUXMHVLĊQDLQIRUPDFML WHJRW\SXG]LDáDQLHEĊG]LHQLHHW\F]QH1DMEDUG]LHMUDG\NDOQąIRUPąWHJRW\SX DNW\ZQRĞFLMHVWHQWURSLDF]\OLQLV]F]HQLH]DQLNDQLHLQIRUPDFML-HĪHOLRVWDWQLHPX Ī\MąFHPXQD]LHPLDFKSROVNLFKZLONRZLJUR]LZ\PDUFLHWRQDOHĪ\EH]Z]JOĊGQLH RQLHJR]DGEDüLSRPyFPXVLĊUR]ZLMDü )ORULGLSU]\ZRáXMHNLOND]DVDGHW\NLLQIRUPDFML=JRGQLH]SLHUZV]ąQDGU]ĊGQą ]DVDGąHQWURSLDQLHSRZLQQDE\üZ\ZRá\ZDQDZLQIRVIHU]H1LHSRZLQQLĞP\ GRSURZDG]DüGRQLV]F]HQLDMDNLFKNROZLHNRELHNWyZ1DOHĪ\]DSRELHJDüHQWURSLL F]\OLXQLNDüZV]HONLFKV\WXDFMLZNWyU\FKSRZRGRZDOLE\ĞP\FLHUSLHQLH]ZLH U]ąWF]\Z\ELMDQLHJDWXQNyZ'UXJD]DVDGDPyZLRW\PLĪHQWURSLDSRZLQQD E\üXVXZDQD]LQIRVIHU\-HĪHOL]GDU]\VLĊWDNLĪMHGHQ]RELHNWyZQLV]F]\LQQH PXVLP\GRNRQDüVHSDUDFML1LHQLV]F]\üOHF]L]RORZDü=JRGQLH]WU]HFLą]DVDGą UR]ZyMSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKE\WyZLQIRUPDF\MQ\FKRUD]FDáHMLQIRVIHU\SRZLQLHQE\ü FKURQLRQ\LZVSRPDJDQ\SU]H]RELHNW\NWyUHVąEDUG]LHMUR]ZLQLĊWH±ZW\P SU]\SDGNXPyZLP\ROXG]LDFKMDNRLĪMHVWWRĞZLHFNDNRQFHSFMDHW\NL]JRGQLH ]NWyUąWRZáDĞQLHOXG]LHVąRGSRZLHG]LDOQL]DFDáRNV]WDáWU]HF]\ZLVWRĞFL >«@
Ewa Chudyba 3R]ZyOFLH3DĔVWZRĪHQDSRF]ąWNXQDV]HMG\VNXVMLQDZLąĪĊ GRZ\VWDZ\0LFKDáD%U]H]LĔVNLHJR([SDQGHG/LIH'H¿QLWLRQNWyUHMFHOHP E\áRUyZQLHĪ]JRGQLH]GHNODUDFMDPLDUW\VW\XZUDĪOLZLHQLHRGELRUF\QDORV ]ZLHU]ąWF]HPXVáXĪ\üPLDáRSRVWDZLHQLHS\WDQLDR]DNUHVGH¿QLFMLÄĪ\FLD´ -HGQDNSRPLĊG]\GHNODURZDQ\PFHOHPDVSRVREHPMHJRUHDOL]DFMLZ\GDMHVLĊ ]DFKRG]LüVSU]HF]QRĞü F]\ZUDĪOLZ\LRWZDUW\QDNZHVWLĊORVX]ZLHU]ąWDUW\VWD Z\NRU]\VWDáE\MHGQR]QLFKLSRWUDNWRZDáE\MHMDNRQDU]ĊG]LHF]\WHĪHOHPHQW VZRMHMLQVWDODFML"'ODPQLHX]DVDGQLDQLHG]LDáDĔZNWyU\FK]ZLHU]ĊMHVWZ\ NRU]\VW\ZDQHWURVNąRQLHWRKLSRNU\]MD:NZHVWLLEUDNXUyĪQLF\SRPLĊG]\ Z\NRU]\VW\ZDQLHP]ZLHU]ąWZV]WXFHLSR]DQLąQLHGRNRĔFDPRJĊVLĊ]JRG]Lü ]SDQHP*]\Uą±G]LDáDQLDDUW\VW\F]QHQLHVąNRQLHF]QHFRZLĊFHMQLHZ\PD JDMąRQHSRVáXJLZDQLDVLĊ]ZLHU]ĊWDPL6NąGLQąGQDSUDZGĊLQWHUHVXMąFHNZH VWLHNRPXQLNDFMLWUDQVJDWXQNRZHMF]\VDPR]DJDGQLHQLHGH¿QLFMLĪ\FLDNWyUH ZVZRLFKLQVWDODFMDFKSRGHMPXMHSDQ%U]H]LĔVNLUyZQLHHIHNW\ZQLHPRĪQD E\áRE\SU]HGVWDZLüLSU]\EOLĪ\üSXEOLF]QRĞFLEH]DQJDĪRZDQLDMDNRÄĞURGND Z\UD]X´Ī\ZHJRVWZRU]HQLD>«@$MHĞOLSU]\MąüĪHUyĪQLF\QLHPDGODF]HJR DNXUDWWĊIRUPĊZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQLD]ZLHU]ąWPDP\SRPLQąü"']LVLHMV]DGHEDWD GRW\F]\V]WXNLQLHGODWHJRĪHMHVWWRG]LHG]LQDZ\MąWNRZDDOHGODWHJRĪHUyZQLHĪ WXWDM±SRGREQLHMDNZVNOHSLH]RRORJLF]Q\P±]ZLHU]ĊWDVąZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQH &]HPXZLĊFRW\PQLHUR]PDZLDü" DG 2GV]WXNLRF]HNXMHVLĊF]HJRĞZLĊFHMQLĪRGÄWU\ZLDOQHJR´LVWQLHMąFHJR SR]DV]WXNąREV]DUXĪ\FLD5RG]LVLĊS\WDQLHGODF]HJRWDNVLĊG]LHMH0DP\WXWDM GZLHPRĪOLZRĞFL DOERG]LHG]LQDOXG]NLHMG]LDáDOQRĞFL]ZDQDV]WXNąMHVWVSHFMDOQD DOERFLNWyU]\MąWZRU]ąVąZSHZLHQVSRVyEVSHFMDOQL6SUyEXMP\]DVWDQRZLüVLĊ QDGUXJąPRĪOLZRĞFLą%ĊGąFG\SORPRZDQ\PDUW\VWąQLHMHVWHPOHSV]\PDUEL WUHPZG]LHG]LQLHPRUDOQRĞFLQLĪNWRĞNWRWHJRG\SORPXQLHPD&]\ZUDPDFK NV]WDáFHQLDDUW\VWyZLDUW\VWHNRGE\ZDVLĊVSHFMDOQ\NXUVHW\NL"$PRĪHFLOXG]LH PDMąZVZRMHMQDWXU]HFRĞFRGDMHLPPRĪOLZRĞüUR]SR]QDZDQLDSUREOHPyZ HW\F]Q\FK"&]\Z\ELWQDZUDĪOLZRĞüDUW\VW\F]QDPRĪHE\üWHJRJZDUDQWHP" 1LHVąG]Ċ6NRURDUW\ĞFLWROXG]LHWDF\VDPLMDNUHV]WDOXG]NRĞFLWRVWDZLDPWH]Ċ ĪHQDOHĪ\Z\PDJDüRGQLFKWHJRVDPHJR,GUXJDNZHVWLD F]\G]LHG]LQDV]WXNL VDPDZVRELHMHVWVSHFMDOQD"&]\QDV]HREXU]HQLHZ\ZRáDQHZLGRNLHPSDSXJL XĪ\WHMMDNRHNVSRQDWPDE\üVSHFMDOQH":\REUDĨP\VRELHGZLHSDSXJL MHGQą ZVNOHSLHGUXJąZVDOLZ\VWDZRZHM2ELH]QDMGXMąVLĊZSRGREQLHQLHVSU]\MD MąF\FKZDUXQNDFK:WHMV\WXDFMLSRMDZLDVLĊS\WDQLH F]\PUyĪQLVLĊREXU]HQLH ZREHFVNOHSXRGWHJRZREHFV]WXNL"&RVSUDZLDĪHNLHUXMHP\QDV]HREXU]HQLH QDJDOHULĊDOHQLHQDVNOHS"6]WXNDMHVWVZHJRURG]DMXSXQNWRZ\PUHÀHNWRUHP NWyU\RĞZLHWODSU]HVWU]HĔZNWyUHMSRND]XMHP\FRĞVSHFMDOQHJR6NRURURELP\
WRZVSRVyERVWHQWDF\MQ\RVWHQWDF\MQLHĪąGDMąFRGSXEOLF]QRĞFLUHDNFMLWRPRĪH ZáDĞQLHGODWHJRPDP\SUDZRRGDUW\VW\Z\PDJDüZLĊFHM" >«@ 'ĝ-C :HZVSyáF]HVQHMV]WXFHPDP\GRF]\QLHQLD]V\WXDFMąZNWyUHMSLĊNQR QLHMHVWMXĪF]\PĞQDMZDĪQLHMV]\PF]\PĞGRF]HJRVLĊGąĪ\:VSyáF]HVQDV]WXND QDNLHURZDQDMHVWQDHNVKLELFMRQLVW\F]QHZ\UDĪDQLHHPRFMLDUW\VW\SRGF]DVJG\ ZSU]HV]áRĞFLPLDáDQDFHOXSU]HND]\ZDQLHSHZQ\FKLQIRUPDFML-HĪHOL]DáRĪ\ P\ĪHV]WXNDPDMHGQDNGRVSHáQLHQLDSHZQHIXQNFMHSR]QDZF]HHGXNDF\MQH OXEMHĞOLMHMFHOHPPDE\üXZUDĪOLZLDQLHRGELRUFyZWRZyZF]DVV]WXFHQDOHĪ\ VWDZLDüSHZQHRJUDQLF]HQLD-HĞOLQDWRPLDVWNWRĞSRZLHĪHZROQRĞüZV]WXFHMHVW QLHRJUDQLF]RQDZyZF]DVSHZQHJUDQLFH]DF]\QDMąVLĊ]DFLHUDü DUW\VWDVWDMHVLĊ QDXNRZFHPSRGF]DVJG\QDXNDVWDMHVLĊSRGREQDGRV]WXNL >«@ TP 1LHPDMąFG\SORPXDUW\VW\LEĊGąFMHG\QLHQLHĞPLDá\PNRQVXPHQWHP V]WXNLFKFLDáE\P]DXZDĪ\üĪHSRUXV]DMąFWHNZHVWLHQLHGDVLĊXFLHFRGWHJR FRQD]ZDáE\PSHZQąWU\ZLDOQRĞFLąZLPLĊNWyUHM]DGDMHVLĊ]ZLHU]ĊWRP FLHUSLHQLHZUDPDFKG]LDáDOQRĞFLHVWHW\F]QHM3U]\MU]\P\VLĊ]DELHJRZLVHPDQ W\F]QHPXNWyU\]DVWRVRZDQ\]RVWDáZW\WXOHQDV]HMGHEDW\:GRP\ĞOHFKRG]L QDPR]ZLHU]Ċ]Z\áąF]HQLHPF]áRZLHNDFKRüZNDWHJRULDFKELRORJLF]Q\FK QLHPDWRĪDGQHJRX]DVDGQLHQLD*G\E\ĞP\SRMĊFLHÄ]ZLHU]ĊFLD´SRWUDNWRZDOL GRVáRZQLHF]\OL]ZLHU]ĊZáąF]QLH]F]áRZLHNLHPMDNRHZHQWXDOQ\PWZRU]\ ZHPDUW\VW\WRZyZF]DVEH]WUXGXVSRVWU]HJOLE\ĞP\ĪHQDV]HUHDNFMHPRUDOQH ZRGQLHVLHQLXGRZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQLDOXG]LQSGODSRVWĊSXELRPHG\F\Q\MHVWHĞP\ ZVWDQLH]DDNFHSWRZDü]ZLHONLPLRSRUDPL3U]\MU]\MP\VLĊNRQWURZHUV\MQHPX SU]\NáDGRZLZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQLDPDá\FKG]LHFL]D]JRGąURG]LFyZGRWHJRĪHE\ WHVWRZDüQDQLFKFRĞFRQLHZLąĪHVLĊ]ZLHONLPU\]\NLHPDOHPRĪHSU]\QLHĞü NRU]\ĞüPHG\F]QąQSPRĪHZSU]\V]áRĞFLSRPyFLQQ\PG]LHFLRP]QDMGXMą F\PVLĊZSRGREQHMV\WXDFML:DUWRĞüHIHNWXUyZQRZDĪ\ZMDNLHĞPLHU]HU\]\NR LFLHUSLHQLHNWyUHVLĊ]W\PZLąĪą3RGHMU]HZDPMHGQDNĪHJG\E\ĞP\]DGDOL S\WDQLHRWRF]\E\OLE\ĞP\ZVWDQLH]DDNFHSWRZDüU\]\NRZ\U]ąG]HQLDNU]\ZG\ G]LHFLRPZLPLĊSRWU]HEDUW\VW\F]Q\FKWZyUF\NWyU\FKFLDáE\MHZ\NRU]\VWDü MDNRPDWHULDáGRVZRMHJRG]LHáDWRZyZF]DVQDV]DUHDNFMDE\áDE\]JRáDLQQD DG 3RGDQHSU]H]3DQDSU]\NáDG\UyĪQLąVLĊDOHQLHDĪWDNEDUG]R3RVáXJX MHP\VLĊSU]\NáDGHPG]LHFLERMHVWRQ« TP 3RSXOLVW\F]Q\« DG -HVWVZHJRURG]DMXERPEąDWRPRZą«1DFRG]LHĔQLHIXQNFMRQXMHP\ MHGQDNSRĞUyGWHJRW\SXG\OHPDWyZ1DV]HG\OHPDW\VSURZDG]DMąVLĊGRWHJR
F]\Z\EUDüSRPLĊG]\EXWHPVNyU]DQ\F]\WHĪV\QWHW\F]Q\PZSRGREQHMFHQLH 6XPD]Z\Ná\FKSU]HZDĪQLHNRQVXPHQFNLFKZ\ERUyZOXG]LGDMHZHIHNFLHSU]H P\Vá\Z\NRU]\VWXMąFH]ZLHU]ĊWD6]WXNDQLHGDMHFRSUDZGDVZRLPRGELRUFRP NRU]\ĞFLPDWHULDOQ\FKDOHGDMH]XSHáQLHQLHSRUyZQ\ZDOQHQLHZVSyáPLHUQH ]QLF]\PLQQ\PZDUWRĞFL7UXGQRMHRNUHĞOLüMDNRWU\ZLDOQH TP :VZRMHMZSURZDG]DMąFHMZ\SRZLHG]LSRZLHG]LDáHPĪHGRPRPHQWX ZNWyU\PDUW\VWDQLHSRSDGDZNRQÀLNW]UDFMDPLQDGU]ĊGQ\PLWRchapeau bas LPNWRZLĊFHMW\FKZDUWRĞFLHVWHW\F]Q\FKZ\WZRU]\UyZQLHĪ]Z\NRU]\VWDQLHP ]ZLHU]ąWW\POHSLHM DG .OXF]RZHMHVWWRFRSRZLHG]LDá3DQQDZVWĊSLH ĪHQDSRF]ąWNXZV]\VWNLHJR PXVLE\üHW\ND=JDG]DPVLĊ]W\PFDáNRZLFLH$OHQLHFKEĊG]LHWDNĪHGRW\F]\ WRZV]\VWNLFKQLHW\ONRDUW\VWyZ TP :3DQDZ\SRZLHG]LSREU]PLHZDĞODGP\ĞOHQLD]HURMHG\QNRZHJR GRSyNL QLH]OLNZLGXMHP\FDáHJRZ\U]ąG]RQHJR]áDQLHPDSRZRGXĪHE\UR]WNOLZLDüVLĊ QDGORVHPMHGQHJRF]\GUXJLHJR]ZLHU]ĊFLDZWDNLHMF]\LQQHMLQVWDODFML >«@ :WHMFKZLOLUR]PDZLDP\RV]WXFHDQLHRKRGRZOLSU]HP\VáRZHM1LHFKFLDá E\PWUDNWRZDüMHGQHMG]LHG]LQ\HNVSORDWDFML]ZLHU]ąWMDNRXVSUDZLHGOLZLHQLD GODLQQHM5R]PDZLDMąF]KRGRZFDPLSRZLHG]LHOLE\ĞP\ SU]HFLHĪWHQF]áRZLHN Z\WZDU]DNUyOLNLWUDQVJHQLF]QHW\ONRGODWHJRĪHWDNPXVLĊSRGREDSRGF]DV JG\P\KRGXMHP\NUyOLNLSRWRĪHE\ĞP\PLHOLFRMHĞüZFRVLĊRG]LHZDüLWG :PRLPSU]HNRQDQLXMHVWWRIDáV]\ZDGURJD DG 5R]XPLHP3DQDDUJXPHQWDFMĊLVDPUyZQLHĪXZDĪDP]DQLHZáDĞFLZLH XVSUDZLHGOLZLDQLHMHGQHJR]áDLQQ\P7\OHW\ONRĪHPDPZW\PPRPHQFLH]D GDQLHGRZ\NRQDQLDERFKFĊEURQLüL]ZLHU]ąWLV]WXNLMHGQRF]HĞQLH=DU]XFDP KLSRNU\]MĊZ\ELyUF]HPXREXU]HQLXQDV]WXNĊ ECh 3U]\JRWRZXMąFVLĊGRQDV]HMGHEDW\QDWUD¿áDPQDDUW\NXá0RQLNL %DNNHSRĞZLHFRQ\ELRDUWRZLZNWyU\P]QDOHĨüPRĪQDQDVWĊSXMąF\IUDJPHQW Ä:DUWRMHV]F]HSRGNUHĞOLüĪHZSURZDG]HQLHZREV]DUV]WXNLĪ\Z\FKRELHNWyZ SRFLąJD]DVREąVSHF\¿F]QHNRQVHNZHQFMHGODJDOHULL3RMDZLDVLĊWXERZLHP PRĪOLZRĞüNDUPLHQLDRELHNWyZDUW\VW\F]Q\FKDOHWDNĪHZ\PXV]DQDNXUDWR UDFKF]\REVáXG]HHNVSR]\FMLGHF\]MĊRLFKXĞPLHUFHQLX´2=DVWDQDZLDMąFHMHVW ]DUyZQRSRGHMĞFLH$XWRUNLMDNLQRPHQNODWXUDNWyUąVLĊSRVáXJXMH MXĪQDZHW QLHÄ]ZLHU]Ċ´OHF]ÄĪ\Z\RELHNW´8GHU]\áDPQLHWDQRZRPRZD±WRSU]\NáDG
0RQLND%DNNHÄ%LRDUW±V]WXNDin vivo i in vitro´3RUWDOObieg KWWS ZZZRELHJSO WHNVW\> (31.11.2013).
QLHSU]HMHGQDQHJRDQWURSRFHQWU\]PX$XWRUNLQLH]DSU]ąWDNZHVWLDNRQVHNZHQFML MDNLHVSURZDG]HQLHGRJDOHULLPDGODVDPHJRÄRELHNWX´W\ONRP\ĞOFREĊG]LH PXVLDá]URELüNXUDWRUJG\EĊG]LHWU]HEDÄRELHNW´XĞPLHUFLü TP 3U]\]QDMĊĪHPQLHWRQLHUD]L=DSHZQHF]ĊVWRG]LHMHVLĊWDNĪHDUW\ĞFL Z\NRU]\VWXMąRUJDQL]P\WDNLHMDNQDSU]\NáDGEH]NUĊJRZFHF]\WHĪVSHFMDOQLH Z\WZRU]RQHNRORQLHNRPyUHN3RGVWDZRZHS\WDQLHMDNLHVLĊZyZF]DVSRMDZLD GRW\F]\WHJRF]\yZRUJDQL]PF]\WHĪRZDĪ\ZDPDWHULDMHVW]GROQDGRRGF]X ZDQLDFLHUSLHĔ1DMSUDZGRSRGREQLHMZZLHOXSU]\SDGNDFKQLH ECh 5]HF]ZW\PĪHWHJRQLHZLHP\ TP 2F]\ZLĞFLHFLHĔZąWSOLZRĞFL]RVWDMHDOHZV]\VWNRZVND]XMHQDWRĪHLFK VWRSLHĔUR]ZRMXXNáDGXQHUZRZHJRMHVWQLHZ\VWDUF]DMąF\GRWHJRDE\PRJá\ RGF]XZDüMDNLHNROZLHNĞZLDGRPHGR]QDQLD-HĞOLSU]\MPLHP\WDNLSXQNWZL G]HQLDNZHVWLDPRUDOQRĞFL]DQLNDQDWRPLDVWSR]RVWDMHS\WDQLHRFHOSU]HND]X WDNLHMLQVWDODFML>«@ DM &KFLDáE\P]DXZDĪ\üĪHQLHPRĪOLZHMHVWPyZLHQLHR]MDZLVNXELRDUWX MHG\QLHZNDWHJRULDFKHVWHW\F]Q\FKSRQLHZDĪMHVWRQQLHUR]HUZDOQLH]ZLą]DQH ]HW\Ną0yZLHQLHĪHUR]SDWUXMHP\ELRDUWZNDWHJRULDFKHVWHW\F]Q\FKMHVWGODPQLH DEVXUGDOQHSRQLHZDĪSLHUZLDVWHNHVWHW\F]Q\EĊG]LHWX]DZV]HREHFQ\>«@ TP 3R]ZROL3DQĪH]URELĊMHGQR]DVWU]HĪHQLH1LHXZDĪDPLĪELRDUW]QDWXU\ PXVLVLĊZLą]Dü]G\OHPDWDPLQDWXU\PRUDOQHM-HĪHOLDUW\VWDEĊGąF\SU]HGVWDZL FLHOHPWHJRQXUWXFKFLDáE\WZRU]\üIDQWDVW\F]QHZ]RU\]NRPyUHNKRGRZDQ\FK LQYLWURWRQLHZLG]ĊWXWDMĪDGQHJRSUREOHPXPRUDOQHJR DM 5]HF]ZW\PLĪELRDUWSRVáXJXMHVLĊ]DUyZQRPLNURMDNLLPDNURRU JDQL]PDPL*G\VSUDZDGRW\F]\PLNURRUJDQL]PyZNZHVWLHHW\F]QHQLHVą SRUXV]DQH3\WDQLDRPRUDOQRĞüSRMDZLDMąVLĊZyZF]DVJG\ELRDUWZ\NRU]\VWXMH PDNURRUJDQL]P\ >«@ (&K :SU]\ZRáDQ\PZF]HĞQLHMDUW\NXOHSDQL%DNNHRSLVXMHPLĊG]\LQQ\PL SUDFHQLHPLHFNLHMDUW\VWNLUHSUH]HQWXMąFHMELRDUWNWyUDZ\WZRU]\áDGZXJáRZH Z\SáDZNL:\GDMHVLĊĪHQDOHĪDáRE\ZLĊFZSURZDG]LüUR]UyĪQLHQLHSRPLĊG]\ QDPQDĪDQLHPĪ\ZHMPDWHULLDPRG\¿NRZDQLHPĪ\ZHJRLQWHJUDOQHJRRELHNWX QS]PLHQLDQLHXNáDGXEDUZQDVNU]\GáDFKPRW\OD >«@'RPQLHSU]HPDZLD MHGQDNQDMEDUG]LHMRULHQWDFMDF]\VWRELR¿OQD7RSRVWDZDQLHPDOĪHDUFKDLF]QD ]JRGQLH]NWyUąĪ\FLHMDNRWDNLHMHVWZDUWRĞFLą:DUWRSU]\SRPQLHüĪHSLHUZRWQLH WDNĪHV]WXNDE\áDVSU]ĊĪRQD]W\PFRĞZLĊWHDSU]H]WR]Ī\FLHPSRQLHZDĪĪ\FLH ZNDĪGHMSRVWDFLF]\WRMHGQRNRPyUNRZFDF]\EDUG]LHM]áRĪRQHJRRUJDQL]PX
E\áRZDUWRĞFLą6]WXNDG]LDáDáDSRSLHUZV]HSRSU]H]mimesisF]\OLQDĞODGRZ QLFWZRDSRGUXJLHSRSU]H]katharsisF]\OLRF]\V]F]HQLH0LDáD]MHGQHMVWURQ\ UR]ZLMDüLSRGEXGRZ\ZDüF]áRZLHND]GUXJLHME\áDIRUPąXĞZLĊFDQLDĪ\FLD %\áDWHĪVSRVREHPUHDJRZDQLDQDVIHUĊVDFUXPSRPDJDáDRVZRLüWDMHPQLFĊE\WX 6]WXND±GREU]HWRZLGDüQDSU]\NáDG]LHWHDWUX±Z\UDVWD]SUDNW\NPDJLF]Q\FK ]DSRPRFąNWyU\FKOXG]LHVWDUDOLVLĊUDG]LüVRELH]U]HF]\ZLVWRĞFLąNWyUDLFK SU]HUDVWDáD']LVLDMWDNLHSRGHMĞFLHMHVWZV]WXFHQLHREHFQH 'ĝ& %\üPRĪHG]LHMHVLĊWDNGODWHJRĪHZSHZQ\PVHQVLHV]WXNDLG]LD áDOQRĞüDUW\VWyZMHVWRGELFLHPSUDNW\NLVSRáHF]QHMĞZLDWDZNWyU\POXG]LHVą WZRU]ąĪ\Mą'DZQLHMDUW\ĞFLQLHPLHOLWDNLFKPRĪOLZRĞFLWHFKQLF]Q\FK G]LVLDM PDMąLFKĊWQLH]QLFKNRU]\VWDMąERF]áRZLHNMHVW]QDWXU\LVWRWąFLHNDZVNą >«@1LHNWyU]\WZLHUG]ąLĪQDW\PZáDĞQLHSROHJDSRVWĊSF\ZLOL]DFML]DNWyU\ RGSRZLHG]LDOQ\MHVWLPSHUDW\ZWHFKQRORJLF]Q\3UĊG]HMF]\SyĨQLHMSRPLPR ]DVWU]HĪHĔQDWXU\PRUDOQHMNWRĞSLHUZV]\VNORQXMHF]áRZLHNDNWRĞSRUD]SLHUZ V]\]URELFRĞF]HJRQLNWGRWHMSRU\QLH]URELáF]\WR]FKĊFLSR]QDQLDF]\WHĪ GODVáDZ\OXESLHQLĊG]\'RW\NDP\WXWDMNZHVWLLRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFLQDVMDNR OXG]LSHáQLąF\FKUyĪQHUROHZĪ\FLXVSRáHF]Q\PL]DZRGRZ\P]DUyZQR]DWR FRURELP\MDNL]DWRF]HJRQLH]URELP\1DZLą]XMąFGRZ\VWDZ\NWyUD]RVWDáD ]DPNQLĊWDWXĪSRRWZDUFLXZ\GDMHVLĊLĪF]DVHPRVSUDZDFKLVWRWQ\FKZDUWR UR]PDZLDüQDZHWLSyĨQRSRWRĪHE\Z\SUDFRZDüQDSRGVWDZLHGRĞZLDGF]HĔ LSR]QDQLDSHZQ\FKVSUDZWDNLHVWDQRZLVNRNWyUHSR]ZROLáRE\QDRNUHĞOHQLH UDPOXEJUDQLFRGSRZLHG]LDOQRĞFLLQVW\WXFMLNWyUDSURZDG]LJDOHULĊZ\VWDZLD G]LHáDV]WXNLF]\WHĪSURPXMHG]LDáDQLDDUW\VW\F]QH5yĪQRURGQRĞüRFHQXĪ\FLD Ī\ZHJRPDWHULDáXZG]LDáDOQRĞFLDUW\VW\F]QHMZGXĪHMPLHU]H]DOHĪ\RGWHJR MDNLP\PDP\VWRVXQHNGRWDNLHMF]\LQQHMIRUP\Ī\FLDRGWHJRMDNSRMPXMHP\ Ī\FLHLMDNLHSRVWDZ\ZREHFĪ\FLD]DMPXMHP\ >«@ TP 1LHMHVWHP]ZROHQQLNLHPKROLVW\F]QHJRXMPRZDQLDLRFKURQ\ZV]\VWNLHJR FRĪ\MHFRMHVWQDWXUDOQ\PZ\WZRUHPSU]\URG\ERQLHWUXGQRGRVWU]HFDEVXUG\ GRMDNLFKWDNLHVWDQRZLVNRPRĪHSURZDG]Lü3R]ZyOFLH3DĔVWZRĪHSRVáXĪĊVLĊ SU]\NáDGHP MHĞOLQDXOLF\OHĪ\FLHUSLąFH]PDVDNURZDQHSRZ\SDGNXVDPR FKRGRZ\P]ZLHU]ĊWRQDV]\PPRUDOQ\PRERZLą]NLHPMHVWJREH]]ZáRF]QLH XĞPLHUFLüĩDGQDZDUWRĞüMHJRĪ\FLDQLHPRĪHQDVSRZVWU]\P\ZDüSU]HGW\P DE\]DRV]F]ĊG]LüPXFLHUSLHĔ:V]\VF\PDP\ĞZLDGRPRĞüNRQWURZHUV\MQRĞFL SRGREQHJRUR]XPRZDQLDZVWRVXQNXGROXG]LDOHUDFMRQDOQ\PZ\GDMHVLĊ SRJOąGĪHZVNUDMQ\FKV\WXDFMDFKNLHG\GDOV]HĪ\FLHR]QDF]DZ\áąF]QLHSU]H SHáQLRQąFLHUSLHQLDPLDJRQLĊWDNLHĪ\FLHWUDFLZDUWRĞüLVHQV]ZáDV]F]DMHĞOL WUDFLZDUWRĞüLVHQVGODVDPHJR]DLQWHUHVRZDQHJR>«@:V]\VWNLHZąWSOLZRĞFL ZVWRVXQNXGRWHJRF]\SHZQHĞURGNLDUW\VW\F]QHVąGRSXV]F]DOQHF]\WHĪQLH
QLHPXV]ąEUDüVLĊZ\áąF]QLH]U\JRU\VW\F]QLHSRMPRZDQ\FKUDFMLPRUDOQ\FK ]ZáDV]F]DJG\PyZLP\RHOLPLQDFMLOXERJUDQLF]HQLXFLHUSLHĔ3U]\SRPQLMP\ VRELH*XQWKHUDYRQ+DJHQVDDUW\VWĊNWyU\SUHSDUXMHFLDáDOXG]NLH:W\P Z\SDGNXHZHQWXDOQDZąWSOLZRĞüZVWRVXQNXGRWHJRURG]DMXV]WXNLQLHSROHJD QDW\PĪHDUW\VWD]DGDMHNRPXNROZLHNFLHUSLHQLH-HĞOLPDP\MDNLHĞ]DVWU]HĪHQLD ZVWRVXQNXGRWHJRF]\FRĞZ\NUDF]DF]\WHĪQLHSR]DGRSXV]F]DOQHJUDQLFH WRELRUąVLĊRQH]]XSHáQLHLQQ\FKUDFMLQLĪWHNWyUHGRW\F]ą]DJURĪHĔQDNWyUH DUW\VWDPRĪHQDUD]LüRELHNW\XĪ\WHZVZRLFKLQVWDODFMDFK ECh 6]DQRZQL3DĔVWZREDUG]RG]LĊNXMĊ]DXG]LDáZGHEDFLHLSRGMĊFLH G\VNXVMLQDWDNWUXGQ\WHPDW3U]\NU\NRQWHNVWSURZDG]RQ\FKWXUR]ZDĪDĔ VWDQRZLIDNWĪHSDSXJDEĊGąFDÄHOHPHQWHP´MHGQHM]LQVWDODFMLQDZ\VWDZLH Life Expanded Definition ±QLHVWHW\QLHSU]HĪ\áD6WDáRVLĊWRSRPLPRZV]HONLFK G]LDáDĔ]PLHU]DMąF\FKGR]DSHZQLHQLDMHMPRĪOLZLHQDMOHSV]\FKZDUXQNyZ ZáąF]QLH]RSLHNąZHWHU\QDU\MQą6WąGZáDĞQLHGHF\]MDR]DPNQLĊFLXZ\VWDZ\ &HOHP&]\WHOQL6]WXNLMHVWSU]\EOLĪDQLHUyĪQ\FKQXUWyZV]WXNLZVSyáF]HVQHM 1LJG\MHGQDNQLH]DSUH]HQWRZDOLE\ĞP\SURMHNWXDUW\VW\F]QHJRNWyUHJRĞZLD GRPąLQWHQFMąMHVWáDPDQLHSRGVWDZRZ\FKQRUPHW\F]Q\FK±EH]Z]JOĊGXQDWR F]\LFKSRGPLRWHPVąOXG]LHF]\LQQHLVWRW\Ī\ZH3U]\RND]MLSURMHNWXLife Expanded DefinitionSU]HNRQDOLĞP\VLĊMHGQDNĪHNRQVHNZHQFMHV]WXNLPRJą ZZ\PLDU]HSUDNW\F]Q\PQDUXV]DüJUDQLFHNWyU\FKQLHSRZLQQRVLĊSU]HNUDF]Dü 2SUDFRZDOL (ZD:\OöĔHN 7RPDV]3RUZLW 0DU]HQD.XELV]
