BRITISH CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS
A .-P U R E CHEMISTRY
SEPTEMBER, 1933.
G eneral, P h y sic a l, and
B lu e an d v io le t sp ectra of h y d rogen m o lecu le.
D. Ch a l o n g e and E . Va s s y (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1979— 1981; cf. A., 1931, 991).—B y a m ethod sim ilar to th a t of Freem an (cf. A., 1927, 81) w ith p.d. of 80 and 82 volts, respectively, the blue and violet spectra of H2 were obtained. The blue spec
tru m is continuous; th e violet shows, superposed on a continuous spectrum , th e lines of the secondary spectrum and fain t first lines of the Baliner spectrum.
C. A. S.
D op p ler effect in h y d rogen a t h ig h v o lta g e s.
K. L io n (Z. P hysik, 1933, 83, 442— 443).—Discharge potentials above 1 0 0 kv. produced no lim it of line
displacement. A. B. D. C.
W ave-m ech an ical ca lcu la tio n of th e R yd b erg correction fo r h e liu m te r m s . E. A. Hy ller a a s
(Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 739—764). A. B. D. C.
Z eem an effect for p ertu rb ed N 2+ te r m s . A. E.
Pa r k e r (Physical R ev., 1933, [ii], 44, 84— 89).—
D a ta an d explanations of th e Zeeman p attern s a t field strengths u p to 27,000 gauss are given.
N. M. B.
R o ta tio n a l a n a ly sis of th e p ertu rb ed (13, 15) sS —2S N 2+ b an d . A. E . Pa r k e r (Physical R ev.,
1933, [ii], 44, 90—91; cf. preceding abstract).
N. M. B.
M u ltip le ts in th e sp ectra of O i n , O iv , O v, a n d C h i . P . G. K r u g e r and W. E . S houpp (Physical R ev., 1933, [ii], 4 4 , 105— 108).—New and revised m ultiplet d a ta are given from photographs of spectra in th e region 100—650
A.
N. M. B.L ow est ex c ited sta te of n eon a cc o rd in g to S la te r 's m e th o d . S. Ro ze ntal (Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 534— 542).— Theoretical. A. B. D. C.
P re ssu r e effects of fo reig n g a s e s on th e so d iu m D lin e s. H. M a r g e n a u and W . W . W a t s o n (Physical R ev., 1933, [ii], 44 , 92— 98).— True line contours were photographed and photom etrically evaluated for th e effect on th e N a D lines, a t low pressure of N a vapour, of A, N 2, and H 2 a t 0— 17 atm . pressure. The red shift of "th e absorption m ax.
varies linearly w ith th e density of the perturbing gas; asym m etries to th e red for A an d N 2, and slightly to th e blue for H 2, are found; both D lines show th e same broadening an d s h ift; results can be accounted for b y assuming a distance o f closest approach of about
9 A.
between excited N a and theforeign gas mols. N. M. B.
M ea su rem en ts of th e in te n sity d istrib u tio n and w id th of p red isso cia tio n lin e s of th e A1H
3 N
In o rg a n ic C h em istry.
m o lec u le . L . Fa r k a s and S. Le v y (Z. Physik, 1933, 84, 195—207).— W idtli and intensity d istri
bution of the ro tatio n lines of A1H, investigated w ith a F a b ry -P e ro t étalon, agree w ith K ronig’s theory
of predissociation. A. B. D. C.
A rc sp ectru m of ch lorin e. C. C. Kie s s (Bur.
Stand. J . Res., 1933, 10, 827—839).—Using new type plates for the long and short wave-length regions, th e no. of lines previously known has been approx.
doubled. D a ta for 441 lhies are tab u lated ; the analysis of Cl i is revised, new term s arc given, and previous classifications are corr. N. M. B.
H igh -freq u en cy d isc h a r g es in arg on . II.
S p ectra l p ro p erties. S. P . McCallum, L . Kl a t- zow, an d J . E. Ke y s t o n (Phil. Mag., 1933, [vii], 1 6 , 193— 197 ; cf. this vol., 439).—The high-frcquency discharge in A gives rise to a continuous spectrum from 6100 to 2 2 0 0
A.
in addition to line spectra.Similar continuous spectra are observed w ith He and Ne. The distribution of energies of th e electrons in A about th e m ean energy is m uch narrow er th an in He. An explanation is offered. A. J . M.
S p e ctr u m o f th e A ++ io n , A i n . Y . v o n Ke u s s- l e r (Z. Physik, 1933, 84, 42—55).—The energy of ionisation of A++ is 4-7 volts. A. B. D. C.
S e ries of alk alin e a to m s in an electric field . E. Segr ê and G. C. Wick (Proc. K . Akad. Wetensch.
A m sterdam , 1933, 36, 534— 542).—The intensities of K lines of b o th p erm itted an d forbidden series are calc, for th e spectrum excited in an electric field, th e results agreeing w ith experim ent (cf. following
abstract). J . W. S.
In fluence of electric field s on th e ab sorp tio n sp ectru m of p o ta ssiu m . C. J . Ba r k e r (Proc. K . Akad. W etensch. A m sterdam , 1933, 36, 589—594).—
W ith increasing field streng th the absorption lim it is m oved to longer wave-lengths. New absorption lines which appear are interp reted as “ forbidden ”
lines. J . W. S.
A rc sp ectra of ch ro m iu m , m a n g a n ese, cob alt, and n ick el. H . Slevogt (Z. Physik, 1933, 84, 136).
—A correction (cf. this vol., 547). A. B . D. C.
S p a rk sp ectru m of cop p er b etw een 4 00 an d 24 0 À . L . Bloch and E . Bloch (Compt. rend., 1933, 197, 132— 134; cf. this vol., 2).— 8 6 lines have been m easured between X 383-33 and 322-85 A., and 57 more (311-99—240-40) determ ined by e x tra
polation. C. A. S.
879
8 8 0 BRITISH CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS.— A.
B a n d sp ectru m of copper h yd rid e. A. He im e r
an d T. He im e r (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 4 , 222—235).—
Dissociation energies for C u li arc 3-2 for 1S, 1-8 for
1S*, and 0-8 volts for is* * . A. B. D. C.
F ir st sp a rk sp ectru m of arsen ic. A. S. IIao (Indian J . Physics, 1933, 7, 561— 584; cf. A., 1932,
6 6 8).—The spectrum of As has been studied u nd er varying conditions of excitation in the region 8400—
4000 Â. ; 280 lines have been ascribed to As it, m any of them being classified. H igher m embers of th e m p3P term s have been identified and combinations involving th e transition of one of the inner group o f s2p 2 electrons have been detected. Cases of interpenetration of different sub-levels indicating a strong tendency tow ards J J coupling are pointed out.
The largest term is 4p 3P 0 ( v = 162,788 cm.-1), i.e., ionisation p otential about 2 0 - 1 volts for th e singly-
ionised As atom . J . W. S.
N u clea r sp in of a rsen ic. A. S. Rao (Z. Physik, 1933, 84, 236—247).—Nuclear m om ent is 3/2.
A. B. D. C.
N u clea r m o m e n t of k ryp ton . H . Ko p f e r m a n n
an d N. Wie t h-Kn u d s e n (Naturwiss., 1933, 2 1 , 547— 54S).—The I s —m p lines of K r under high dispersion show a strong central com ponent an d several weak ones. The central line is due to th e sum of the components of th e even isotopes of Kir ; th e weak components are due to K r83. The lines previously discovered now fall into a simple hyperfine structure term scheme, giving for th e m echanical m om ent of K r83 the val. I < 7/2. A. J . M.
In ten sity m e a su r e m e n ts w ith th e m e m b e r s of th e p rin cip al se r ie s of ru b id iu m and cæ siu m . H . J . H ü b n e r (Ann. Physik, 1933, [v], 1 7 ,781— 815).—
The determ inations were m ade by introducing salts of R b and Cs into 0 2- H 2 (I) or coal gas-com pressed air (II) flames, tem p, being 2850° and 2176° abs., respectively. The intensities were determ ined b y a photographic-photom etric m ethod. The intensity ratio of the components of th e second and th ird m em bers of th e principal series of Cs for an “ infinitely th in ” thickness of the light source was determ ined.
F o r the second R b m em ber th e val. for (I) was 2-55, and for (II) 2-5S. In (II) the ratio for the th ird R b m em ber was 3-25 and for the th ird Cs member 8-0.
A. J . M.
H yperfine stru ctu re an d n u clea r m o m e n t of ru b id iu m . II. Ko p f e r m a n x (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 3 , 417— 430).—The mechanical m om ent of R b87 is 3/2, an d of R b85 5/2, w hilst the m agnetic m om ent of 87 is nearly double th a t of 85. A. B. D. C.
A b sen ce of fine stru ctu re in th e arc sp ectru m of silv e r . S. To l a n s k y (Proc. Physical Soc., 1933, 4 5 , 559—564).—No fine structure in th e region 8300—4000 Â . was detected. I ts absence is attrib u ted to electron configuration ra th e r th a n to smallness o f nuclear m agnetic m oment. N. M. B.
M ean life of c a d m iu m a to m in sta te 2 3f*1.
P . So le ill et (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1991—
1993; cf. A., 1932, 439).—D irect m easurem ent of th e m ean life of the Cd atom in s ta te 23P1 by m eans of radiation of X 3261 A. gives 2-45 XlO-6 sec.
C. A. S.
N e w reso n a n ce s e r ie s in a n tim o n y va p ou r.
R. Sik s n a (Compt. rend., 1933, 1 9 6 , 1986—19S7).— Mg i l X 2929 and 2937 A. give rise each to a resonance series in Sb vapour a t 95 0 °; one anti-Stokes and 15 positive term s of both series were observed (cf.
this vol., 200). C. A. S.
A to m ic flu orescen ce of a n tim o n y . R . Sik s n a
(Compt. rend., 1933, 1 9 7 , 134— 13 6 ; cf. A., 1926, 776).—In th e fluorescence spectrum of Sb excited by strongly condensed sparks of Cd and Zn, 2 and 11 at.
lines, respectively, were observed. C. A. S.
W idth of a b sorp tion lin e s of I 2. I. I. A g a r b i- c e a n tt (Compt. rend., 1933, 1 9 7 , 38—39).—.Examin
ation of th e absorption spectrum of I2 alone and in presence of 0 2 indicates th a t th e enlargem ent of the lines is due to th e m u tu al interaction of mois, during collision and to the instability of th e two levels by th e passing of th e mois, between which th e line is produced. T he 02 depolarises th e fluorescence light of I 2 (cf. th is vol., 201). C. A . S.
R ecom b in a tion rad ia tion in the cæ siu m p o s i
tiv e co lu m n . F . L. M o h l e r (Bur. Stand. J . Res., 1933, 1 0 , 771—780).—R adiation em itted along th e axis of th e positive column was m easured spectro- photom etrically, an d electrical m easurem ents were m ade w ith small probe surfaces. D a ta for at. consts.
determ ining th e ra te of interaction of electrons, ions, and atom s in a discharge are obtained. N. M. B.
A rc sp ectru m in a ir a t n o r m a l p re ssu r e of n eo d y m iu m for XX 2 4 0 0 — 3 1 0 0 Â . S. Pi n a d e Ru b ie s (Compt. rend., 1933, 1 9 7 , 33—35).— 184 new lines are ta b u la te d (cf. A., 1931, 890). C. A. S.
P o la risa tio n p h en om en a in th e ste p w ise e x c it
atio n of. m e rcu ry flu o rescen ce. E . F . Ric h t e r
(Ami. Physik, 1933, [vl, 1 7 , 463—464).—A correction
(cf. A., 1931, S). W . R . A.
N o n -R itzia n n a tu re of th e 3S te r m s of m ercu ry . I . Wa l e r s t e in (N ature, 1933, 1 3 2 , 139). L . S. T.
V ariation in in te n sity in ra d ia tio n e m itted b y a m e rcu ry vap ou r a rc during- lig h tin g . L.
Gr il l e t (Compt. rend., 1933, 1 9 7 , 311—313).— The ratios of th e intensities o f various lines in th e spectrum of a H g-vapour lam p w ith a.c. to those for a similar lam p w ith d.c. v ary from about 4-5 for X 5461, 435S, an d 4046 to 11 for X 4077, and 12-5—13 for X 5791— 5 7 7 0 ; th e ratio s increase in all cases to ab o u t unity in 1-5— 2-5 min., and atta in th e above approx. steady vais, in ab ou t 5 min. C. A. S.
D e term in a tio n of th e ex c ita tio n fu n ction for s o m e m e rcu ry te r m s . R . Se il e r (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 3 , 789— 805).—E xcitation functions were determ ined from th e energy lost by an electron beam exciting th e H g vapour. A. B. D. C.
O p tical p o ten tia ls of th e m e rcu ry a to m . S o -c a lle d u ltr a -io n isa tio n p o te n tia ls . R . G.
Lo yarte an d M. H . d e Bose (Physikal. Z., 1933, 3 4 , 589— 592).—P rio rity is claimed in th e determ ination of ultra-ionisation potentials of th e H g atom . A table of potentials is given an d analysed. A. J . M.
C ontinuous g a s sp ectra . II. W . Fi n k e l n- b u r g (Physikal. Z., 1933, 3 4 , 529—560).—A sum
m ary. A. J . M.
GENERAL, PHYSICAL, AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. S SI
G as b reak d ow n at n o rm a l p ressu re . J . J . Sam mer (Z. Physik, 1933,8 3 ,814— 831).—Theoretical, showing w hy the discharge is conc. in a narrow
column. A. B. D. C.
C alculation of ex ten t of p o la r isa tio n of r e so n an ce ra d ia tio n . P. So leillet (Compt. rend., 1933, 197, 316—318; cf. A., 1929, 120; 1932, 891).—
M athem atical. C. A. S.
H yperfine stru ctu re of p ertu rb ed se r ie s. E . G.
Jo nes (Proc. Physical Soc., 1933, 4 5 , 501— 506).—
Theoretical. N. M. B.
F orb id den lin e s in a str o p h y sica l so u rce s.
J . C. Bo yce, D . H . Me n z e l, and (M iss) C. H . Pa y n e
(Proc. N at. Acad. Sci., 1933, 19, 581—591).—From a survey, based on th e analysis of spectra, of the m etastable states of th e atom s from H to A, tables are given of calc, an d observed forbidden transitions, wave-lengths of lines and th eir sources, and relative intensities o f n eb ular pairs, an d of auroral and nebular lines. The newly observed line X 4725 is attrib u ted
to N e iv. N. M. B .
N ig h t lig h t and N o rth ern lig h t s . L. A. Sommer
(Z. Physik, 1933, 84, 268— 270).—V egard’s m easure
m ents of wave-lengths of N orthern lights (A., 1932, 1187) are in good agreem ent w ith those of the night sky (cf. th is vol., 332). A. B. D. C.
S p on ta n eou s a b sorp tion of rad iation and d e
v ia tio n of sp ectra l lin e s of n eb ulæ . E . Sevin
(Compt. rend., 1933, 197, 26—28). C. A. S.
E x cita tio n of X -r a y s b y c o llisio n of h ig h - v elo city p o sitiv e io n s. K . Lio n (Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 431—441).-—Soft X -rays w ith wave-lengths >
6 A. are excited by positive rays of 150 kv.
A. B. D. C.
C rystallin e d iffraction sp ectro g ra p h y of y - and X -r a y s of th e r a d iu m fa m ily . M. V a la - d a r e s (Compt. rend., 1933, 197, 144— 145; cf. this vol., 443).—T he strong lines 138-9, 143-0, 160-7, and 165-8 X o f Ra-jB-j-0 agree well w ith th e K lines of Bi experim entally determ ined, and w ith those calc, from th e energies of th e electronic levels of elem ent 83. They are therefore lines of fluorescence, as also are probably th e weak lines of this region. The line 232-7 X m ay be identical w ith Ellis and Skinner’s line 53-6 kv. of R a-i?+ (7 (cf. A., 1924, ii, 137 ; 1932,
556). C. A. S.
W ave-len gth d eterm in a tio n s in th e v ery so ft X -ray reg io n . P . C. Ch a l k l in and L. P. Ch a l k l in
(Phil. Mag:, 1933, [vii], 16, 363—389).—A grating X -ray spectrograph is described. M easurements for soft radiation from C, N , 0 , Mo, R h, Pd, Ag, Ta, W, P t, and oxidised W an d T a are recorded, and the
origin of th e lines is discussed. H . J . E.
Q uadrupole and o th er w eals lin e s in th e JÏ- sp ectra of th e elem en ts 37 R b to 4 2 M o. II.
E. C arlsson (Z. Physik, 1933, 8 4 ,1 1 9 — 130 ; cf this
vol., 332). A. B. D. C.
N atu ral w id th s of th e lia X -r a y d ou b let fr o m Fe (26) to A g (47). S. K . Al l is o n (Physical Rev., 1933, [ii], 44, 63—72).—D a ta are given for th e full widths a t h alf max. of the K'j.1 and K x 2 lines of Fe,
Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ge, Sr, Zr, N b, Mo, R u, R h, P d, and
Ag. N. M. B.
P r e c isio n m e a su r e m e n ts of the L s e r ie s of m o ly b d en u m and silv e r . P . Ha g l u n d (Z. Physik, 1933, 84, 248—259).—A new vacuum tu be spectro
m eter is described. A. B. D . C.
L-, M -, an d AT-a b so rp tio n in th e u ltra -so ft X -ray re g io n . J . A. P r i n s and A. J . Ta k e n s (Z.
Physik, 1933, 84, 65—74).—M easurements are in agreem ent w ith energy levels deduced from th e harder region, except for the M n- v-level of 52 Sn, 48 Cd, and 47 Ag, and th e deviations are sim ilar to those observed for 74 W to 90 Th. A. B. D. C.
A b so rp tio n effect in th e M -series [of tu n g sten and. ta n ta lu m ]. V. Ku n z l (N ature, 1933, 132,
139). L. S. T.
M -level of m a g n e tise d iro n . Pr iv a u l t (Compt.
rend., 1933, 197, 140— 142; cf. this vol., 441).—
A pplication of a field of 15,500 gauss to an F e cathode h a d no effect on X of K{il an d Kfi., > .0 -0 3 and 0-06 X , or on th e energies of levels M 3 an d M 5 > 0-2 and
0-4 ev., respectively. C. A. S.
D eterm in a tio n of th e ./-d isco n tin u ity b y a con d ition of m a tter. J -P h en o m e n a . X . C. G.
Ba r k l a and J . S. Ka y (Phil. Mag., 1933, [vii], 16, 457— 472).— Only certain specimens of a given substance show J-phenom ena. There are also optim um working conditions of th e X -ray tu be for
its appearance. H . J . E.
E lectro n con figu ra tio n in m e ta llic p h a se s.
U . De iil in g e r (Z. physikal. Ckem., 1933, B , 22, 45—59).—From th e colours of Ag, Cu, and Au and th eir disappearance when these m etals are alloyed w ith m etals o f th e F e and P t groups, an d from the m iscibility relations in such alloys, it is concluded th a t in th e body-centred cubic phase CuPd there is in th e electron gas one electron per atom and a fu rth er electron oscillates between every two atoms, so th a t in H um e-R o thery ’s body-centred phases (A., 1926,356) there are 3/2 electrons per atom involved in th e linking. The nos. o f electrons in Hume- R o th ery ’s ß, y, an d e phases seem to be a consequence of a principle according to which those phases are especially stable, a t least a t high tem p., in which only those term s necessary for th e lattice construction are each occupied by a single electron in so fa r as th ey are n o t equiv. in respect of energy. R . C.
E lectro n m icr o sco p e im a g e s of su rfaces ex p o sed to elec tro n s. E . Ru s k a (Z. Physik, 1933,
83, 492— 497). A. B. D . C.
E lectron m icr o sco p e o b serv a tio n s of th e b a riu m eva p ora tion cath od e. E. Br ü c h e and H . Jo h a n n so n (Z. Physik, 1933, 84, 56—58).— The grains of B a on th e surface of a N i cathode are con
veniently photographed by th e electron microscope.
A. B. D . C.
S c a tte r in g of electron s b y h ea vy a to m s. W.
He n n e b e r g (Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 555—580).—
Theoretical treatm en t of elastic scattering, particularly by Hg, K r, and A a t 100—800 volts. A. B. D . C.
In ela stic electron s c a tte r in g b y h e liu m a to m s.
A. L. Hug h e s and J . H. McMil l e n (Physical Rev.,
8 82 BRITISH CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS.— A.
1933, [ii], 44, 20— 24).—D ata and angular distribution curves, for the prim ary electron energy range 27-5—
400 volts and angular range 6— 150°, are given for electrons scattered by H e atom s when th e electrons have lost 2 1 - 1 2 volts energy, thereby exciting th e atom to th e 21P state. R esults agree w ith theory.
N. M. B.
S m a ll-a n g le in e la stic sc a tte r in g of electro n s in h e liu m . R . Wh id d in g t o n, T. Em m er so n, and J . E. Taylo r (N ature, 1933, 132, 65). L. S. T .
E lectron d iffraction b y liq u id s. L. R. M ax
w e l l (Physical R ev., 1933, [ii], 4 4, 73—76).— Diffraction p attern s were obtained for interference b y th e transm ission of 14—30 kv. electrons through th in films of phy tol and three oils. N. M. B.
A r ra n g em en t for p ro d u cin g rap id io n s. H.
Kallm ann (Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss., Pliys.
M ath. Klasse, 1933, 12, 1— 12).— H+, LL+, L i++, and L i+++ ions were accelerated b y successive passage through a series of oppositely directed fields, p a rt of th e charge being removed before th e ion passed into th e reverse field. The ap paratus is described.
A m ax. kinetic energy of 1-65 X106 volts was obtained.
H . J . E.
E ffect of n eu tra l g a s m o lec u le s on s lo w p roton s (total action , sc a tte r in g , c h a rg in g ). C.
Ra m sa u e r an d R . Kollath (Ann. Physik, 1933, [v], 17, 755—-780).—T he effective cross-sections of K r, Xe, and CH4 w ith respect to protons were d eter
mined, and scattering m easurem ents were carried o u t w ith K r an d Xe. I n th e scattering process positively-charged gas mols. are produced. W ith respect to th eir charging capacity, th e in ert gases form a series from H e to Ne in th e order of th e periodic table, and CH4 also falls into th e series. A connexion between charge an d ionisation potential can be traced only in th e in ert gas series. From th e behaviour of protons scattered elastically, th e velocity and directional distribution of th e gas mols. collided w ith
are calc. A. J . M.
Influence of m a g n e tic field on s tr e a m of cad m iu m a to m s. L ande fa c to r, g , for sta te 23P V P. S o l e i l l e t (Compt. rend., 1933, 197, 46— 47).—
A horizontal beam of light of X 3261
A.
was passed through a vertical stream of Cd atom s a t 600° abs.A m agnetic field of 0-025 gauss was applied perpen
dicularly to both beam and je t an d th e effect on the polarisation of th e fluorescence light observed in the sam e direction. From th e result th e L arm or rotation, coq, being 3-67 X105, th e Lande factor, g, was deduced as 1-75, i.e., nearly the theoretical 1-50. C. A. S.
F o rm a tio n of n e g a tiv e io n s in m e rcu ry vap ou r.
U . Still e (Ann. Physik, 1933, [v], 17, 635— 653).—
N egative ions are n o t produced when the discharge is passed through pure H g vapour. Negative ions w ith e/m of th e order of th a t o f H g ions are produced when a trace of H2 is ad m itted to th e discharge tube, and these arc probably HgH~ ions. A. J . M.
P rod u ction and b eh aviou r of n eg a tiv ely - ch arged m e ta llic p a rticle s in elec tric a l d is ch a rg es. K . Som m erm eyer (Physikal. Z., 1933, 34, 582—589).—The conditions under which a tran sp o rt
of negatively-charged m etallic particles formed by vaporisation or sputtering in th e neighbourhood o f th e cathode in a discharge tu b e containing th e in ert gases takes place tow ards th e anode are investigated.
W here th e vaporisation or sputtering was rapid, th e m etal followed th e lines of force. The explanation of this is discussed. Ions of at. or mol. size m ay be formed, b u t probably th e particles are larger.
A. J . M.
R ad iation fro m can a l-ray im p a c t. F . L. V e r - w i e b e (Physical R ev., 1933, [ii], 44, 15—19).—The beam from a m etal ta rg e t on which H canal rays im pinged contained a t. H , n e u tra l particles, and protons. A radiation of wave-length 1216
A.,
agreeing w ith th a t of th e first L ym an hne, was detected.
N. M. B.
C onditions for th e occurren ce of th e R a m sa u er effect. W. Voss (Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 581— 618).—
Theoretical. A. B. D. C.
D e term in a tio n s of effective c r o ss-se c tio n s of g a s m o le c u le s. H . L. Bro se (Ami. Physik, 1933, [v], 17, 816—820).—The principal differences between th e m ethods of Townsend and R am sauer for determ in
ing the effective cross-section of gas mols. are dis
cussed. A. J . M.
Q uan tu m m e ch a n ica l c r o ss-se c tio n for io n is a tio n of h e liu m b y electro n im p a ct. W . W.
Wetzel (Physical R ev., 1933, [ii], 44, 25—30).—
M athem atical. R esults indicate th a t th e m ax.
probability of ionisation occurs when th e energy tran sfer is about 3-5 volts > th e ionisation potential.
N. M. B.
R e v isio n of th e at. w t. of th a lliu m . A n a ly sis of th a llo u s ch lo rid e. G. P. Ba x t e r and J . S.
Th om as (J. Amer. Chem. Soe., 1933, 55, 2384—
2387).—From determ inations of the ratio T1C1 : Ag, th e at. w t. of T1 is 204-40. J . G. A. G.
A t. w t. of lea d fr o m K atan ga p itch b le n d e.
G. P . B a x t e r and C. M. A l t e r (J. Amer. Chem.
Soc., 1933, 55, 2785—2792).—F ull details are given of w ork p r e v i o u s l y reported (cf. this vol., 659).
J . G.
A.
G.Iso to p e s. F . W . As t o n (Science, 1933, 78, 5—6).
—A lecture. L. S. T.
A r ra n g em en t of at. n u clei an d th e p red ictio n of iso to p e s. S. B . L. Ma t h e r (J. Amer. Chem.
Soc., 1933, 55, 3053— 3056).—The existence of a no. of isotopes is predicted by m eans of Gamow’s classification of a t. nuclei. J . G. A. G.
R ad io a ctiv ity of s o m e ra re-ea rth elem en ts.
W. Ye h (Compt. rend., 1933, 197, 142— 143; cf.
th is vol., 4, 442).—E xam ination of th e oxalates of La, Nd, and Sm by m eans of a Geiger-Miiller counter indicated slight emission (l/1 5 th th a t of Sm) of a- particles b y N d, b u t complete absence of activ ity
in La. C. A. S.
R a d iu m so lu tio n s. A. Be c k e r (Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 701—710).—R a hi solution gives a const, emission of its em anation over 18 years (cf. A., 1922, ii, 810);
th e effect of sulphates an d carbonates on th is emission has been determ ined. A. B . D. C.
GENERAL, PHYSICAL, AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 8 83
In v estig a tio n of w a v e rad iatio n fr o m ra d iu m - 13 b y th e W ilso n ch a m b er m e th o d . G. P . v o n
D. zu Visc h e r in g (Z. Physik, 1933, 84, 17— 41).—
Secondary electrons due to y-rays were investigated in a W ilson chamber, and th e ranges of these electrons were used to determ ine th e energy of th e rays.
A. B. D. C.
D im in u tio n of v elo city of a-p articles in h yd ro
g en . G. Ma n o (Compt. rend., 1933, 197, 47— 49;
cf. A., 1932, 671).—The velocities of slower a-particles from Th-C'-l-C" after passage through lengths varying u p to 1 2 cm. of H§ a t n .t.p . have been determ ined.
The results agree w ith those deduced from B ethe’s form ula as corrected by Bloch (cf. A., 1930, 972;
Ann. Physik, 1933, 16, 285), if the m ean energy of excitation be tak en as 16-0 volts. C. A. S.
R etard a tion of a-p a rticles. G. Man o (Compt.
rend., 1933, 197, 319—322; cf. A., 1928, 104; 1930, 659; also above).—E xperim ental results regarding retard atio n and th e vals. of E , th e m ean energy of excitation of th e atom , deduced therefrom , are com pared w ith th e results of B ethe’s and Bloch’s theories (cf. A., 1932, 789; this vol., 443). B ethe’s th eo ry applies to elements of low, Bloch’s to those
o f high, at. w t. C. A. S.
P ro to n e m issio n b y ex c ita tio n of th e boron n u c le u s b y a-rays. H . Pose and P . He id e n r e ic h
(Naturwiss., 1933,2 1 , 516—517).—The determ inations of Bothe and F ranz, who investigated th e no. of H particles liberated from B w ith a Geiger-Müller tube, were repeated using an electrom eter. Absorp
tion curves for protons released by a-rays of range 3-72, 2-67, and 2-32 cm., respectively, agree w ith those of B othe and Franz. A. J . M.
C ollision s of a -p a rticles w ith flu orin e n u clei.
N. Fe a t h e r (Proc. R oy. Soc., 1933, A, 141, 194—
209).—Stereoscopic photographs have been taken of the tracks of nearly 0-5 X10® a-particles in a CF4- He m ixture. No proton disintegration was obtained.
The range-velocity curve for F recoil atom s has been constructed, an d less complete d a ta establish
ing the range-velocity relation for C recoil atom s
have been obtained. L. L. B.
P h oto g ra p h ic m eth o d of d ete rm in in g a b so rp tion of ß-rays. (Ml l e.) R . Ma c a ig n e (Compt.
rend., 1933, 196, 1993— 1995).—The absorption by Al of ß-rays from R a -D-\-E determ ined photographic
ally agrees w ith th a t determ ined by an ionisation cham ber and supports th e val. 16-9 for a/p of A1 for ß-rays from Ra-2? (cf. A., 1927, 915). C. A. S.
ß-Ray m a g n e tic sp ectru m of A c -B + C + C '-b T. Gr a f (Compt. rend., 1933, 197, 238—241;
cf. this vol., 4).—The H R (referred to th a t of Th-Z?
as 1382-6) energies, origins, intensities, and energies of the y-radiation have been determ ined for eight new lines w ith H R an d origins : 767-10, L 2; 857-60, M x ; 879-55, N x ; 2245-3, K ; 2301-3, N x \ 2548-1, L x \ 2597-0, M x, and 3796-0, K . The m ax. H R for the ß-rays of Ac-G" is 6000 (cf. A., 1930, 8). C. A. S.
E m issio n of p o sitiv e electro n s b y y -ra y s of R a -ß -f C. Gr in b e r g (Compt. rend., 1933, 197, -318—319).—y-R ays from R a, filtered through 3-5 cm. Pb, falling on 2 mm. th ick P b gave rise to four
positive electrons (energies 0-089, 0-38, 0-38, an d 0-62 XlO6 ev.) for 129 negative electrons (max. energy 1-7 XlO6 ev.). These results agree w ith those of Curie and Jo lio t (cf. this vol., 658). C. A. S.
S c a tte r in g of sh o rt-w a v e y -r a y s . L . Me it n e r
an d H. Kosters (Z. Physik, 1933, 84, 137— 144).—
A stu d y of th e undisplaced com ponent of radiation of wave-length 4-7 X scattered b y th e nuclei of Fe
a n d P b . ” A. B. D. C.
T ra n sm u ta tio n of e le m e n ts b y p roton s.
M. L . E. Ol ip h a n t an d (Lo r d) Ru t h er fo r d (Proc.
R oy. Soc., 1933, A, 1 4 1, 259—281).—A n apparatus is described by m eans of which th e disintegration of such active elem ents as Li and B m ay be examined a t low voltages (2 0,0 0 0—2 0 0 , 0 0 0 volts) an d in the form of v ery th in films. Li gave particles a t 30 kv.
w ith protons bom barding the targ et, w hilst th e effect from B was negligible below 60 kv. Very th in films of Li an d B were studied, as well as thick films. Mol.
H2 ions gave particles a t about twice th e energy required for protons, and th e yield increased a t twice th e ra te as th e energy increased. Fe, O, N a, Al, N, Au, Pb, Bi, Tl, U, an d T h gave no observable effect when bom barded w ith protons or mol. ions a t energies up to 200 kv. Be and F gave small effects. The disintegration of th e B11 nucleus by proton capture is discussed. L. L. B.
C om p lexity of th e p ro ton an d m a s s of the n eu tron . (Mm e.) I. Cu r ie and F . Joliot (Compt.
rend., 1933, 197, 237—238; cf. this vol., 762).—I t is suggested th a t th e emission by Al and B u nd er the influence of a-particles of protons, neutrons, and positive electrons m ay be sim ultaneous, and th a t the proton, - , m ay consist of a neutron, co, and a positive electron, e+, associated together w ith condensation of m ass. The tran sm u tatio n of B 10+ a would then bo to C13-)-<o+e+ an d to C13+ - sim ultaneously; whence is deduced th e val. 1-011 (H e = 4 ) as th e m ass of o>, instead of 1-0065 (cf. A., 1932, 790). This val. agrees better w ith 9-011 for Be9 (cf. this vol., 442), indicating th a t Be9 consists of 2 a -f-u ; also w ith 8 x l 06 ev. as th e energy of th e neutron from P o + B e , and w ith th e emission of low-energy neutrons by P o + A l and P o + N a , although n o t on th e present val. of th e m ass of Li7, w ith th a t of those from P o + L i. C. A. S.
E m iss io n of n eu tro n s. (Mm e.) I. Cu r ie and F.
Joliot (J. Phys. R adium , 1933, [vii], 4, 278—286).—
U nder bom bardm ent by Po a-radiation, F , Na, and Al em itted neutrons an d probably y-radiation; th e emission of neutrons by these nuclei, which are known to em it protons also, shows th a t a nucleus can undergo two types of tran sm u tatio n by a-rays. F or H, C, 0 2, N 2, P , and Ca no penetrating radiation was detected. Resonance energies of th e a-radiation corresponding w ith th e emission of neutrons a r e : Be 2-6 X 10®, an d B 2-2 x 106 e v .; emission of neutrons from Li begins a t 5 X 10® and o f y-rays a t 3 X 10® ev.
N. M. B.
P o sitr o n s and a to m ic n u clei. G. W. To d d
(N ature, 1933, 132, 65).—Evidence against th e view (this vol., 658) th a t th e proton consists of a neu tro n an d positron is advanced. L . S. T.
8 8 4 BRITISH CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS.— A.
C osm ic rad iation m e a su r e m e n ts w ith a n ew tu b e-cou n ter. L. T u w m (Compt. rend., 1933, 197,
7 9—81; cf. ibid., 196, 350).—The advantage of the new tube-counter is th a t it distinguishes between the actions of cosmic rays on different elements, and facilitates counting collisions. The nos. of col
lisions per c.c. per sec. for air and H2 are, respectively, 3-3 and 0-42 unprotected, and 2-4 and 0-33 behind 10 cm. of Pb. The ratio of th e nos. for air and H2
indicates th a t th e action of cosmic rays on m atter consists of two distinct effects : ionisation affecting the extra-nuclear electrons, and absorption affecting the nucleus. Of 108 collisions between cosmic particles and mols. of air only 1 is nuclear (cf. this
vol., 551). C. A. S.
V ery so ft ra d ia tio n fr o m in su la to r s. G.
Rebotil (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1987— 1989;
cf. A., 1932, 672).—The loss of electrification by insulating m aterial, e.g., resin, paraffin, etc., electrified by friction is accom panied b y emission of very soft radiation capable of affecting a photographic plate after prolonged exposure, due perhaps to electric discharges a t th e surface, or to re-establislnncnt of the electronic equilibrium of the insulating m aterial.
C. A. S.
E lectr icity relea sed fr o m m a tter. K . K . Da r- row (Science, 1933, 7 7 , 591—595).—A lecture.
L. S. T.
E lectron th eory of m e ta llic con d u ction . J . C.
Slat er (Science, 1933, 7 7 , 595—5 9 7 ).—A lecture.
L. S. T.
M o st p rob a b le v a lu e s of e, e /m , an d h. II.
K. Siiib a (Sci. Papers L ist. P hys. Chem. Res. Tokyo, 1933, 21, 12S— 137; cf. A., 1932, 1187).—The m ost probable vals. of these consts. are recalc, taking into account th e m ost recent determ inations, including the determ ination of abs. wave-length of X -rays (W itm er an d Cork), e/m bvD unnington, and experi
m ents w ith photo-electrons by K retschm ar. The most probable vals. a r e : c=(4-8044;0-003)X10^10 e.s.u., e/m =(l-7602± 0-0005) x lO7 e.g.s./e.m.u., h = (6-626±0-006) X 10~27 erg/scc. A. J . M.
W ave eq u ation of electro n s in th e gen era l re la tiv ity th eory. L. In e e l d and B. L. v a n d e r Wa e r d e n (Sitzungsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin,
1933, No. 9, 25 pp.). A. J . M.
C om p arison of the n u clear th eo r ie s of H eisen b e r g and W igner. I. C. Eckart (Physical R ev., 1933, [ii], 4 4 , 109— 111; cf. this vol., 334).—M athem
atical. N. M. B.
M a g n etic in tera ctio n of a v a len cy electro n w ith in n er sh e lls. M. H . Jo h n so n, jun., and G.
Br e it (Physical R ev., 1933, [ii], 44, 77—83).—
M athem atical. N. M. B.
P a ssa g e of p h o to n s th ro u g h a to m s. V. Tr k a l
and F . Za v isk a (J. Phys. R adium , 1933, [vii], 4, 269—277 ; cf. Posejpal, A., 1932, 1187).—Polemical.
N. M. B.
D o e s th e n eg a tiv e en er g y sp e c tr u m influence n u clear p h en o m en a ? G. Be ck (Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 498—511).—D irac’s wave equation and th e resulting negative energy levels are applied q u alit
atively to K lein’s paradox, collisions, and th e con
tinuous ¡3-ray spectrum . A. B. D. C.
S ta tis tic s of d ia to m ic g a s e s . K . Szell (Z.
Physik, 1933, 84, 112— 119).— F erm i-D irac and B ose-Einstcin statistics are applied to the ro tatio n of a rigid diat. mol. A. B. D. C.
S p e ctro gra p h ic ex a m in a tio n of ra d ia tio n fr o m r e sista n c e c e lls . G. De c iie n e (Compt. rend., 1933,
196, 1989— 1991).—The radiation em itted a t an electrode when a high-tension current is passed through a semi-conducting substance, e.g., yellow HgO or effloresced N a2C 03 (cf. A., 1926, 1072), consists usually of a band a t 50— 170
A.
sometimes extending to 1 0 — 2 0 0A.,
and occasionally a narrow band a t about 2 0A.,
w ith a diffuse one a t 250—700A.
C. A. S'.
A b so rp tio n of m e ta llic an d co llo id a l silv e r . P. Mvreciial (Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1984—
1985).—The absorptions for X 2600— 3730
A.
of m etallic Ag catliodically sputtered and of colloidal Ag are identical for equal thicknesses o f m etal. The light traversing th e colloidal solution therefore passes through and n o t between the m etallic particles.C. A. S.
S tru ctu re and Z eem a n effec t of th e C 0 2 e m is sio n d o u b let b and a t 29 00 A . R . Sc h m id (Z.
Physik, 1933, 83, 711—738). A. B. D. C.
P o sitio n of a b so rp tio n b an d s of co lo u red alk a li h a lid e c r y sta ls . J . H . d e Bo er a n d W. d e Groot
(Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 517— 520).—Frohlich’s th eo r
etically deduced relation of frequency of absorption m ax. and grating const, (this vol., 446) applies to excited states of th e coloured lattice, whereas Mollwo’s a p p aren tly equiv. em pirical relatio n (A., 1932, 673) applies to absorption by alkali atom s bound to v acan t spaces w ithin the crystal. A. B . D. C.
In ten sity d istrib u tio n in th e sp ectru m of b e r y lliu m o x id e. R . C. Jo h n s o n and E. G. D u n -
sta n (Phil. Mag., 1933, [vii], 16, 472— 478).—Micro- photom eter peak in ten sity m easurem ents were m ade for th e '£ — X '2 system of BeO, an d th e transition probabilities were calc. H . J . E.
In fra-red arc sp ectra of m a n g a n ese and rh en iu m . W. F . Megg ers (Bur. Stand. J . Res., 1933, 10, 757—769).—Using new ty p e ultra-sensitive plates for th e region 7200—11,000
A.
d a ta are recorded for ab ou t 200 lines of Mil and 300 lines of Re. New lines disclose new spectral term s or at. energy levels.Lines of both spectra show hyperfine structure.
N. M. B.
A b sorp tio n sp ectru m of su lp h u r d io x id e in u ltra -v io let. A. Jo n e s c u (Compt. rend., 1933,197, 35—37).—Some 500 absorption bands of S 02 to about 2500
A.
have been examined and a formula for their frequencies is deduced. Their relation to th e states o f activation of the mol. and its predis- sociat.’on and dissociation, an d th e heats thereof, are discussed (cf. A., 1932, 1075; this vol., 660).C. A. S.
E x a m p le of th e in flu en ce of th e n atu re of c h em ic a l lin k in g s on a b so rp tio n of lig h t. J . P.
Mathiett (Bull. Soc. chim., 1933, [iv], 53, 426^- 429).—The absorption spectrum of a tarta ric acid
GENERAL, PHYSICAL, AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY. 8 8 5
solution of Cr(OH)3 shows a change from the norm al lieteropolar compound to a complex homopolar compound. This view is confirmed b y comparison of th e absorption curves of the hetcropolar CrCl3,6H20 and the hom opolar H3Cr(C20 4)3. E . S. H .
U ltr a -v io le t a b sorp tion of b in ary liq u id m ix tu re s. II. S y s te m a lly lth io ca r b im id e-p ip erid - in e in etb y l alcoh ol. R . Kr e m a n n and R . Rie b l
(Z. physikal. Chem., 1933, 165, 372—378; cf. this vol., 207).—The extinction a t th e m ax. of th e u ltra violet absorption ban d of allylthiocarbim ide, a t which wave-length the absorption of C6H 10N is negligible, is a m ax. for an equimol. m ixture, which is ascribed to th e form ation of an equimol. compound.
R . C.
[U ltra -v io let] a b sorp tion of certa in c la s s e s of o rga n ic m o le c u le s. D. Biq u a r d (Ann. Chim., 1933, [x], 20, 97— 151).—Absorption has been m easured from 2780 to 2300 A. The absorptions of inactive diphenylsuccinic acid and of its E t ester are > those of th e stereoisomeric racemic compounds. There is no definite difference between the absorptions of the racemic an d active form s of phenyl- and benzyl-lactic acids an d th eir Me esters. The absorption spectra of th e H sulphite and cyanohydrin of CH2P h ’C H 0 and of Ph-[CH2]2-CHO are th e same as th a t of PhMe, the ’CHO b and being absent. The spectra of the acids Ph*[CH2]„,C H (0H )-C 02H become progressively closer to th a t o f PhMe as n increases from 0 to 2.
v.-IIydrozy-fi-p]ic?iylbutyric acid, m.p. 121— 122°, is formed b y treatm en t of CHPhMe-CHiOHJ'SOsNa w ith KCN followed b y hydrolysis w ith HC1. A. G.
A b so rp tio n an d flu orescen ce sp ectra of the acid su lp h a tes of quin ine an d ten of its d eriv
a tiv es in w a te r an d aq . su lp h u ric acid solu tio n . L . J . He id t and G. A. Fo rbes (J. Amer. Chem.
Soc., 1933, 55, 2701—2709; cf. this vol., 792).—
Absorption spectra are recorded for the range 480—
220 m u. As the size of th e group attac h ed to position
6 o f th e quinoline nucleus of cinchonidine, cinchonine, liydrocupreine, optochin, eucupine, and vuzin in creases, th e absorption max. are broadened and shifted towards th e red.- A sim ilar effect occurs when the .sec.-O H a t position 4 of quinine is replaced by CO (quinicine) or b y C 0 2H (quininic acid). The fluor
escence spectra excited b y X 3GG mj* in aq. or 0-9M - H2S 04 solutions have no fine structure and are substantially identical. The results are correlated w ith the photochemical reduction of chrom ate in the presence of these alkaloids. J . G. A. G.
Change of lig h t ab so rp tio n an d refraction in the fo rm a tio n of a rtificia l r e sin m a s s e s . J . H . d e Bo e r, R . Hottwink, and J . F . H . Cu s t e r s (Rec.
trav. chim., 1933, 52, 709—718).—Polystyrene (I) absorbs less light th a n m onostyrene and th e bands are displaced in th e direction of shorter wave-length.
The absorption curve of (I) is in accordance w ith an alkylbenzene structure. The absorption curve of CHaO -P hO H resin is typical of a p h en o l; on con
densation the whole curve is displaced tow ards th e red end to an ex ten t agreeing w ith a substitution of Me in PhO H . Polym erisation of styrene is accom panied by a decrease in mol. refraction, b u t mol.
refraction increases during the condensation of
CH20 w ith P hO H or CGH4M e-0H. The increase of refraction and th e displacem ent tow ards th e red are related q uantitatively. E . S. H .
P h o to g ra p h ic -p h o to m etric m eth o d of m e a su r in g a b sorp tio n b y so lu tio n s in th e v is ib le . F. W.
Be y e r (Z. Physik, 1033, 83, 806—813).—The m ethod described was used to determ ine th e absorption spectra of [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 and [C o3en]Cl3.
A. B. D. C.
A b so rp tio n in th e u ltra -v io let of s o m e G-aryl- a cry lic a cid s an d th e ir d eriv a tiv e s. (Ml l e.) R . M. d a Costa.—See this vol., 822.
A b so rp tion sp ectra of m -b r o m o p h en o l-in d o - p henol, 2 : 6-d ib ro m op h en o l-in d o p h en o l, a n d g u aia co l-in d op h en ol. M. M. Bro oks (J. Amer.
Chem. Soc., 1933, 55, 2434— 2435).—-Extinction coeffs. for 0-000I l f solutions a t p a 11-7 are recorded for th e range 510—680 my.. J . G, A. G.
In fra-red sp ectru m of carbon d io x id e. II.
A . Ad e l an d D . M. De n n is o n (Physical R ev., 1933, [ii], 4 4 , 99— 104; cf. this vol., 661).—-Mathematical.
Consideration of th e interaction between th e vibration and ro tatio n of th e C 02 mol. leads to th e complete po ten tial function for C 02. N. M. B.
In fra-red a b so rp tion sp ectru m of p y rid in e and of s o m e of its d eriv a tiv es. I. S p e c tr u m fr o m ab ou t 0-80 to ab ou t 2-5 \i of p y rid in e an d of so m e of its h o m o lo g u e s. L . Pa s s e r in i (Gazzetta, 1933, 63, 305—319).—The absorption spectra of C5H5N, a- and (3-picoline, aa'-lutidine, an d collidine have been determ ined for X 0-S0— 2-5 ¡a. The principal bands of C5H SN are also given by its homologues, w ith similar intensity, b u t th e positions of th e m ax.
differ slightly. O. J . W .
In fra-red a b so rp tion sp ectra of org a n ic c o m p ou n d s co n ta in in g tw o ch ro m o p h o res. P. Lam b e r t and J . Lecomte (Compt. rend., 1933, 197, 234—235; cf. A., 1932, 55).—The absorption spectra between X= 6 an d 16 ¡x have been exam ined of 17 compounds A ,[CH2]„,B, where A is P h and B is P h or C 02E t, or A = B = O P h , and n = 0 — 10. The spectra when ?i= 0 differ entirely from those when n =1, and b oth from those for n > 1. These last show substantial b u t smaller progressive differences, and th e spectrum of Ph-[CH2].j-C02E t only distan tly resembles th a t of an equimol. m ixture of P h E t and EtOAc. These differences from th e results in the ultra-violet are due to absorption in th e infra-red of th e CH2 group and of C chains. C. A. S.
In ten sity re la tio n s in th e R a m a n sp ectru m of h yd ro g en . II. S. Bh a g a v a n t u m (Indian J . Physics, 1933, 7, 549—559; cf. this vol., 548).—All th e ro tatio n lines in th e R am an spectrum of H2 gas are depolarised to th e same extent, p= 0 -8 5 =); 0-05.
The relative intensities are in agreem ent w ith theory.
The discrepancy w ith theory in the relative intensities of th e Q and R branches of th e vibration scattering is confirmed, and also, contrary to theory,-it is found th a t th e line arising from mols. in zero ro tatio n state in th e Q branch is depolarised to some extent.
J . W. S.
T w o n ew R a m a n lin e s of w a te r. M. Magat
(Compt. rend., 1933, 196, 1981— 1983).—Using Hg
8 8 6 BRITISH CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS.— A.
light filtered through a solution of Victoria-blue, the following observations of a band which would include Ellis’ hypothetical 510 cm.-1 (cf. A , 1931, 1211) were m ade : in H 20 396—796 (with 4358 ¿1.), and 465—766 (with 2537 A.), in aq. Ca(N0 3)2+ L iC l 350—740, and in aq. MgCl2 350—785 (cf. A., 1932, 983). This band is perhaps duo to a forbidden frequency of th e H 20 mol. On this basis a revised interpretation of these bands is given (cf. this vol., 445). A new band was found a t 152—225 cm.-1, corre
sponding w ith 600 g.-cal. per mol. C. A. S.
C om p arative in te n sity m e a su r e m e n ts on R a m an lin e s of in o r g a n ic c o m p le x e s. I. H 'an- s e n-Dam asc h u n (Z. pliysikal. C hem , 1933, B , 22, 97— 113).—The results show th a t th e linking is very similar in S 0 4", C104', C 03'', and N 0 3' and approxim ates to th e hom opolar type, w hilst th e complexes [Zn,6N H 3]" and [Cd,6N H 3]” are far removed from the hom opolar ty p e of linking. R . C.
R a m a n sp ectru m of ca lciu m n itra te. E.
B a u e r , M. Ma g a t, and A. d a S i l v e i r a (Compt.
re n d , 1933, 197, 313—315; cf. A , 1932, 983).—The ratios of th e intensities of the B am an lines 720 and 740 cm.-1 of N 0 3' have been determ ined for various conens. of C a(N 03)2 w ithout and w ith addition of LiCl. The results do no t support Grassm ann’s theory (cf. A , 1932, 1075). C. A. S.
R am an effect of so m e co m p le x cya n id es. R.
Sa m u el and M. J . Ka iin (Z. Physik, 1933, 84, 87—
9 1),— R am an effect due to complex cyanides of Cr, Co, Ni, R u, and R h was observed. Those w ith co
ordination no. 6 gave tw o frequencies, corresponding w ith th e C -N vibration and w ith th e vibration of this group and the central a to m ; th e second was absent from complexes w ith other co-ordination nos. The C-N frequency appears to increase w ith th e hom opolarity of th e linking. A. B. D. C.
R am an sp ectra of io d id es. II. E th yl, p ro p yl, and iso b u ty l io d id es. N. G. Pa i (Indian J . Physics, 1933, 7, 519—529; cf. A , 1932, 1189).—A no. of new R am an frequencies are reported for these com
pounds and are compared w ith infra-red absorption
data. J . W . S.
R a m a n sp ectru m of s o m e h eterocyclic orga n ic co m p o u n d s. I. M. Mil o n e and G. Mu l l e r (Gaz- zctta, 1933, 63, 334—338).—The R am an spectra of dim ethyl- and m ethylethyl-furazan and of dim ethyl- oxdiazolo have been determ ined. They show lines characteristic of th e groups CH, CH2, C-C, C N ,
and N-N. " 0 . J . W.
R a m a n sp ectra of p in en e, th iop h en , sa lo l, an d th y m o l. S. Ve k k a t e s w a r a n and S. Bh a g a- v an ta m (Indian J . Physics, 1933, 7, 585—593).—
The frequencies observed and th e ex ten t of their depolarisation are given in ta b u la r form, an d are discussed in relation to th e results w ith analogous
compounds. J- W . S.
R am an sp e c tr u m of p y rrole an d s o m e d eriv a tiv es. G. B . Bo n in o, R . Ma n z o m-An s i d e i, and P . Pr a t e si (Z. physikal. C hem , 1933, B , 22, 21—
44).—The R am an spectra of pyrrole, IV-acetylpyrrole,
2-methylpyrrolo, opsopyrrole, kryptopyrrole, 2 :4 -
dim ethyl-3-propylpyrrole, and 2-m ethylpyrrolidine have been examined. A model of th e pyrrole mol.
is discussed. R . C.
[R am an effect an d] acetylen ic li n k i n g : A#- a cety len es. (Ml l e.) B. Gr e d y (Compt. re n d , 1933, 197, 327—328; cf. this vol., 553).—The R am an spectra of CMeiCR (R = M e, E t, P r“, and Bua) all show the pair of lines near 2236 an d 2304 cm.-1 (2238 and 2316 for R = M e , 2235—223S and 2303—2304 for th e others), an d th e two lines near 376 (373—380) and 1381 (1380— 1383). tf-H eptinene, b.p. 111-5— 112-5°, is obtained in 70% yield b y th e action of Me2S 04 on Na-hexinene (cf. A , 188S, 929). C. A. S.
R a m a n sp ectra of o x im e s . G. B . Bo n in o and R . Ma n z o n i-An s id e i (Z. physikal. C hem , 1933, B , 22, 169— 180).— The frequency 1630 cm.-1 is assigned to th e C!N linking. The results support th e usual stru ctu ra l form ula for th e oximes an d th e formula w ith the sem ipolar double linking for th e N a salts
of th e arom atic oximes. R. C.
F lu orescen ce of su lp h u r d io x id e. W . Lotmar
(Z. Physik, 1933, 83, 765— 785).—Powerful fluor
escence is produced by Zn 2100 A. line. Quenching and th e effect of foreign gases indicate th a t th e life period of th e mol. th u s excited is shortened by th e presence of a predissociation lim it. Observed bands are given
in a term scheme. A. B. D. C.
E x tin c tio n of flu orescen ce in so lu tio n s by org a n ic su b sta n c e s. J . Ei s e n b r a n d (Z. physikal.
C hem , 1933, B , 22, 145—168; cf. A , 1932, 1188, 1189).—The extinction of th e fluorescence of quinine sulphate in MeOH solutions containing H2S0 4 has been studied. Since the dihydric phenols have effectively th e same extinguishing power as their ethers, theories of extinction depending on the reducing properties of th e phenols (ibid., 578) are untenable. H ydrocarbons containing incom pletely sa tu ra te d conjugated double linkings have extinguish
ing pow er; hydrocarbons w ith com pletely satu rated conjugated double Unkings, e.g., C6H G, or w ith only a single double linking have none. Introduction into C6H6 of such substituents as im pair the saturation of th e conjugated system , e.g., Me, OH, OMe, confers extinguishing power. There is no simple relation between extinguishing power and optical absorption, dipole m om ent, mol. refractivity, or ionic charge of th e foreign substance, b u t in general a hydrocarbon exhibiting exaltation of mol. refraction has extinguish
ing power. The principal p a rt in such extinctions as th e above is probably played by the particularly loosely held electron associated w ith u nsaturated
conjugated double linkings. R. C.
E fficiency of th e ch em ilu m in esce n c e a cc o m p a n y in g ox id ation of G rign ard com p o u n d s.
C. L>. Thomas and R. T. Du ffo r d (J. Opt. Soc.
A m er, 1933, 23, 251—255).—H eats of oxidation for 11 aliphatic an d 5 arom atic G rignard compounds, and to tal luminous efficiencies of chemiluminescence for M gPhBr, - C 0H.,Me-MgBr, |j-C6H4Br-MgBr, and i>-CGH4Cl-MgBr are given. N. M. B.
P h osp h o rescen ce of so lid n itr o g e n an d its rela tio n to cr y sta l str u ctu re. L. Ve g a r d (Science, 1933, 77, 588— 589).—A sum m ary. L. S. T.
