THE BRONZE AGE COMMUNICATION ROUTE SYSTEM IN THE NORTHERN PONTIC AREA
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(3) CONTENTS. EDITOR S’ FOR EWOR D INTR ODUCTION. ..................................................... 7. ........................................................... 9. Aleksander Kośko, Viktor I. Klochko, TRANSIT R OUTES BETWEEN THE BALTIC AND BLACK SEAS: EAR LY DEVELOPMENT STAGES – FR OM THE 3R D TO THE MIDDLE OF THE 1ST MILLENNIUM BC. AN OUTLINE OF R ESEARCH PR OJECT. .................................... 9. PART I – ‘NATURAL R OUTES’ OF THE BOR DER LAND BETWEEN THE EAST AND WEST OF EUR OPE - PR OGRAMMES OF ENVIR ONMENT (FIELD) IDENTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19. Mirosław Makohonienko, NATURAL SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF PR EHISTOR IC AND EAR LY HISTOR IC TRANSIT R OUTES IN THE BALTIC-PONTIC CULTURAL AR EA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19. Jarosław Rola, CONSTR UCTION ISSUES IN THE NORTH-WEST (CENTRAL EUR OPEAN) SECTION OF BALTIC-PONTIC INTER-R EGIONAL R OUTES: THE NOTEĆ R IVER CR OSSING IN Ż UŁAWKA MAŁA – MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72. PART II – RAW MATER IAL R ESOURCES OF THE BALTIC-PONTIC AR E. . . . . . . . . . . 87. Janusz Czebreszuk, WAYS OF AMBER IN THE NORTHER N PONTIC AR EA. AN OUTLINE OF ISSUES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Yuriy M. Brovender, COPPER OR ES OF THE NORTHER N PONTIC R EGION AS RAW MATER IALS FOR PR ODUCTION ACTIVITY IN THE PALEOMETAL AGE (BASED ON THE STUDY OF THE KARTAMYSH OR E MINING AND METALLUR GY COMPLEX). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103. PART III – STRATEGIES OF LONG-DISTANCE TRANSPORT AND CHOR OGRAPHIES OF THE NORTHER N PONTIC AR EA SHAR ED BY THE SOCIETIES OF ANCIENT CIVILIZ ATIONS IN ANATOLIA, MESOPOTAMIA AND MAINLAND GR EECE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 124. Witold Tyborowski, COMMUNICATION R OUTES AND OVER LAND TRANSPORT MEANS IN WESTER N ASIA IN THE BR ONZ E AGE (4TH TO 2ND MILLENNIUM BC). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124. Paulina Suchowska, COMMUNICATION SPACE OF THE NORTHER N PONTIC AR EA AS VIEWD BY AEGEANS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156.
(4) Justyna Cieszewska, GR EEK CHOR OGRAPHY OF LAND R OUTES IN NORTH-WESTER N PONTIC AR EA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 PART IV – SHORT AND LONG MIGRATIONS BY PEOPLES OF THE LANDS BETWEEN THE SEAS IN THE 4TH TO THE TUR N OF THE 3R D MILLENNIUM BC: FR OM FORAYS TO MAPS OF ITINERAR IES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191. Aleksander Kośko, Marzena Szmyt, CENTRAL EUR OPEAN LOWLAND SOCIETIES AND THE PONTIC AR EA IN THE 4TH-4TH/3R D MILLENNIUM BC. 191. Jan Machnik, SHORT AND LONG-DISTANCE PASTORAL JOUR NEYS ALONG ANCIENT UPLAND R OUTES IN EUR OPE IN THE 3R D MILLENNIUM BC . . . . 214 Jerzy Libera, Jarosław Sobieraj, Vitaliy Konopla, SOME LATE NEOLITHIC STONE AXES AS POTENTIAL MAR KER S OF CULTURAL EXCHANGE IN BALTIC-PONTIC INTER-R EGIONAL R OUTES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223. PART V – EAR LY LONG-DISTANCE R OUTES BETWEEN THE SEAS: BALTIC-BUG-BOH-PONT R OUTE AND CONTEXTS OF NEIGHBOUR HOOD R OUTES (THE 3R D TO THE MIDDLE OF THE 1ST MILLENNIUM BC). . . . . . . . . . . 232. Marzena Szmyt, EASTER N EUR OPEAN DESTINATIONS OF CENTRAL EUR OPEAN CULTURAL PATTER NS. THE CASE OF GLOBULAR AMPHORA CULTUR E (END OF THE 4TH – MIDDLE OF THE 3R D MILLENNIUM BC). . . . 232. Katerina P. Bunyatyan, Valery Samolyuk, MANIFESTATIONS OF MIDDLE DNIEPER CULTUR E IN THE VOLYN TER R ITORY AND THE ISSUE OF ANCIENT R OUTES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252. Viktor I. Klochko, Aleksander Kośko, THE SOCIETIES OF COR DED WAR E CULTUR ES AND THOSE OF BLACK SEA STEPPES (YAMNAYA AND CATACOMB GRAVE CULTUR ES) IN THE R OUTE NETWOR K BETWEEN THE BALTIC AND BLACK SEAS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269. Przemysław Makarowicz, BALTIC-PONTIC INTER R EGIONAL R OUTES AT THE START OF THE BR ONZ E AGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Sergey D. Lysenko, Svetlana S. Lysenko, GR OUND COMMUNICATIONS OF THE EASTER N AR EA OF THE TR Z CINIEC CULTUR E CIRCLE . . . . . . . . . . 338 Katarzyna Ślusarska, HOR DEEVKA – IMPLICATIONS OF ARCHEOLOGICAL R ESEARCH ON EXTRA-R EGIONAL R ELATIONS (CULTUR ES OF THE BOH-BUG R IVER S BASIN). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368. Kirill V. Gorbenko, Yuriy S. Grebennikov, THE ‘DYKYI SAD’ FORTIFIED SETTLEMENT AS A UNITING LINK IN THE CONTEXT OF ECONOMIC,.
(5) POLITICAL AND CULTURAL R ELATION OF 1200-1000 BC (THE BALTIC SHOR E, THE PONTIC R EGION AND THE MEDITER RANEAN) . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 375. Marcin Ignaczak, THE R OLE OF BALTIC-BLACK SEA R OUTES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LUSATIAN CULTUR E SOCIETIES IN THE DECLINE BR ONZ E AND EAR LY IR ON AGES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391. Yuriy Boltryk, PONTIC TRADE R OUTES – BALTIC SEA AR EA AS A MAP OF SCYTHIAN EXPANSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 Lubov S. Klochko, AMBER IN GAR MENTS OF POPULATIONS OF SCYTHIA (WAYS AND FOR MS OF R ECEPTION) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 PART VI – R OUTES BETWEEN THE SEAS - R ESEARCH PER SPECTIVES. . . . . . . . . 439. Mykola N. Kryvaltsevich, THE TER R ITORY OF BELAR US IN THE SYSTEM OF COMMUNICATION R OUTES OF 3000 – EAR LY 2000 BC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Vitaliy V. Otroshchenko, THE BR ONZ E AGE COMMUNICATION R OUTE SYSTEM IN THE NORTHER N PONTIC AR EA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462 Sylwester Czopek, THE R OLE OF THE DNIESTER R OUTE – THE SAN R IVER IN THE BR ONZ E AND EAR LY IR ON AGES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 490 List of Authors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566.
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