The program in ship hydromechanics at Chalmers University in Gothenburg

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Afdeting Scheepsbouw- en Scheepvaartkunde Technische Hogeschool, Deift DOCUMENTATIE : lç

DATUMs

khydromekanik O7/76

CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

DIVISION OF SHIP HYDROMECHANICS

TSCE WIERSTEIT

THEPROGRAM IN SHIP HYDROMECHANICS

AT CHALMERS UNIVERSITY IN GOTHENBURG

SWEDEN

CURT FALKEMO

GOTHENBURG MARS 1976

Contents

1 General

2 The Division of Ship Hydromechanics

2.1 Third year

2.2 Fourth year

2.3 Examination

3 Examination work

4 The Research Station

Enclosure 1. List of subjects at Chalmers University

of Technology, Naval Architecture

Enclosure 2. Organisation of Ship Hydromechanic Studies 75/76

Enclosure 3. Photos

from

Research

Personal

The Program in Ship Hydromechanics at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden.

1. General

Naval Architecture at university level can be studied at two places in Sweden, namely in Stockholm at the hoyal Institute of Technology. and in Gothenburg at Chalmers University of Technology. About 20-40 Naval

Architect-students graduate annually from these two universities. All schools and universities are ownec by the State and the education is free from charges. T1e students enter

the universities after finishing 12 years education wthin

the Swedish general school system.

At Chalmers 200 of the applicants are accepted to the School of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture for a four year study.. After one and a half year the

students continue their studies at either the Department of "Production and Organiswtion", "Power and Heat" or

Architecture". A maximum of 25 students are allowed to enter the last mentioned Department. At Chalmers three Divisions of the Department of Naval Architecture are responsible for the training in "Ship Design" (Sven.nerud),

"Marine Engineering" (Lange) and "Ship Hydromechanics" (Falkemo). The schedule is arranged as shown in enclosure

1 and 2 leading to graduation after 4 years.

It will be noticed that every academic year is divided in four periods of about eight weeks durations including one week for examinations. In each period the stUaéflts ay study five different subjects. Final examinations are arranged in. three subjects. The numbers of hours spent at lectures, laboratories, calculations and for home work

(or in the drawing office work) should be about 50 a week for an average student trying for first class honours.

The last period of the course is intended for a research work (thesis). To get his license the student should also work at a shipyard (not in the office) or as an apprentice on board a ship for not less than four and a half months.

A special feature at Chalmers is the close cooperation hetwcen

the University and the shipyards. For every part of the cours

the professors re free to ask a man from a shipyard, a slaip-owners office, a classification society, the Swedish State

Experimental Tank (SSPA) or anybody who are qualified to cone to the School and assist the students. Hence the permanent staff need thus not be particularly large.

In this way a number of usually young but clever and experienced engineers come directly from their drawing offices at the yards to helps the students during their work in the drawing office at the Chalmers. Also the examination work is usually made in

collaboration with the industry.

A Board is elected by the overnxnent to advice the Cancellor of

the swedish Universities and the Professors about the education. ?or the epartment of Naval Architecture there is about ten

leading persons from the shipping arid shipbuilding companies

(headed by the managing direôtor of the Swedish Ship hesearch

Organis8tion) who rnee.t twice a year.

Postgraduate studies for another four years after the basic examination of civllingenj5rskeppsbyggfladstekflik" shoulü result in a "doctor examination".

2. The Division of Ship Hydrodynamics

A plan of organisation is made every year, which includes all the basic elements of the studies. Enclosure 2 is a tran3lation of this plan for the present academic year.

In the third year a genera]. couris given wiich is coinpulsary for all students in the Department of Naval Architecture.

In the last year the students may choose among a number of subjects according to his own interests. However, in order to pas the examination Of "Naval Architecture" the students

rrust

As "Ship Design" includes a general outline of a ship and related informations this subject is in reality also comDul-sory or is in any case studied by all students. About a

third of the students choose to study "Ship Hydrodynamics" and about two thirds study "Marine Engineering".

Those who are especially interested may also use a third period for another extra course of seven weeks.

To be allowed to start on the Thesis in Ship Hydromechanics the students should have studied this subject for at least four periods (28 weeks). For every part of the studies

there are compendiums in swedish with deti1ed lists of

questions for selfinstructions.

2.1 Third

In the compulsory course are included the design of a ship lines, design of a propeller from systematic series ana experiments with towed and propelled models in the open air tank at our Research 8tation.

In the indoor laboratory at Chalmers experiments are nake with models in waves and with balance in order to study static stability of undamaged as well as

damaged ships. The experimental works are carried out in groups of two students. In this course is also includd a seminarium where the students in groups of two prepare a subject from literature, duplicate it and give a report

for the rest of the students. Every group also has to

criticize another groupand the whole class is supposed

to act as a criticizing body. To make this possible all detailed subjects should preferably be taken from a main

subject. The last two years the main subject has been "iceresistance" and "cavitation". To these seminars are invited specialists from SSPA and the shipyards. The main purpose of the seminars is to make the student aquainted.

with the professional literature.

Included in the compulsory course are a number of problems

to be solved concerning resistance, propulsion, stability and seakeeping. These problems are partially studied in

groups with assistants and partially at home (drawing office).

As all students has learnt to use the "Basic language",

a terminal for a HewlettPachard computer at the School of Mechanical Engineering is to their disposal for

calculations in connection

with the

2.2 Fourth year

This cour is intended for six to ten students and it is concentrated around a number of group works. To get a

general knowledge o the problems connected to experimental technique a series of experiments are made at the Research Station. For every experiment one of the students is

responsible for the report and he has also to prepare the experiment together with the assistant.

In this way experiments are made concerning interaction between hull and propeller (propulsion tests), motions in regular and irregular Waves and steering. The students also design propellers according to the vortex theory and

exercise with the analoge computer. The lectures are concentrated around these main experiments as much as

possible.

In order that the students shall squire a fair knowledge of the present most urgent problems in ship hydromecxianics a series of seminars are arranged, based on the papers from the last ITTC. Every student get two hours to report on the work of a special ITTC - Oornmittee and to give a written resume about it. In this way the students also get a wide knowledge of the problems in model testing and also some idea about the state of the art of ship hydrodynamics in general.

For the specially interested ?tdents the third period of

the fourtk year includes one or more advanced computer

ppli-cations. For example, mathematical fairing of ship lines, computatiois of streamlines and pressures around a hull according to the method o1 Hess and Srnith and/or use of the

ybrideComputer to solve a nonlinear problem, for exemple

steering with autopilot or rolidamping devices.

Visits and possibly experiments at the PA are included in the compulsory program.

2.3 Examination

The control of knowledge in the third year i by two

examinations where the students have to answer questions and solve problems. The marks are given in the scale

3,4,5,

approved but they don't influence the marks (except the literature-seminarium). By not giving marks to the. design

and calculation exercises the students can cooperate without

com-petition. This is regarded as a valuable mean of

seifins-truction in the group. Every design and calculation has, .owever, to be handed over personally from the students to the assistant, who by questions convince himself that both (all) students in the group have understood and worked on the problem. In this way the normal work during the semes-ters is controlled by the assistant who is responsible for the exercise in question.

In the fourth year there is an individual ora' examination for the general knowledge in, ship hydromechanics and a

special one for the experimental work. Included in the mark-giving part of the course is also the ITTC-eminarium.

3. The Thesis

To show that they can independently solve a technical

problem which includes the theoretical and practical know-ledge given to them during the stay at the University, the students have to write a thesis which will take from 3 to 4 months. Preferably the students work in groups of two.

They have to go through the literature, suggest a program, carry out the calculations and measurements, write a report

(which is duplicated by the Division) and to present their

results at a serninariurn.

In ship hydromechanics the subjects for the thesis are choosen in collaboration with the industry and it usually

includes an experimental part at the Research Station or

at sea.

Exemples of the subjects chosen lately are:

To study the practical use of a wavecut method for

wave resistance.

To design and test semisubmerged propellers for a high speed boat.

To design and carry out experiments with a rig for testing propellers at high speed in salt water

(in a boat).

To carry out complete model testing f a new typ of channel boat with tunneistern.

To test in full scale and model a new typ of pelagic

trawl.

During the work with these projects the students get in touch with following outside organization.

For nr 1. HyAlab in Copenhagen, NPL (in correspondence), Skipsinodeiltanken in Trondheim, Norway.

For nr. 2. Ka Me Wa and Volvo-Penta

For nr 3. Volvo-Penta

For nr 4. A Swedish Shipowner

For nr 5. Swedish Board of Fisheries

Our aim is that the students thesis shall be useful fbr the industry and not just a student exercise. L1ost of the equipment at the Research station has been designed and developed to be of pedagogic 'ialue.

-8-4. The Research Station

The atation is situated at the coast about 10 km from Chalmers. It consists of an open air testing pool about 100 m long, 5 m deep and. 15 m wide. A towing system is installed which gives possibilities to test 6 - 8 m long models of displacements ships as well as high speed models

at a speed of S rn/sec.

The carrie runs on cables. In the cablesystem is included

two copper lines which make it possible to supply electric motors in the model with powe.r for propulsion or other pur-poses. A bridge is arranged for testing of stability etc on models at rest and a wavemaker at one end

generating regular

waves.

Among the islands there are possibilities for testing self propelled large models and boats in irregular waves as well as steering experiments etc. A motorboat with waterjet

propulsion belongs to the Division and this is also a general purpose testing equipment for many tys of experiments.

In another part of Gothenburg a circular basin with 80 m diameter is to our disposal. Here it is possible to change the waterdeepth. This pool is used for steering and manoeuv-ring experiments with 6 m models.

The experimental facilities are influenced by wind, ice and snow. However they allow most types of experiments in ship

hydromechnics to be carried out. They may not be ideal for

routine testing but are flexible and useful for student work. The idea is more to create a model ocean, where the problems of ship can be studied in realistic environment than to study model technique.

-9

Most of the apparatus and methods can be used on models as well as on board ships. From pedagogic reasons this is regarded as more important than very accurate but limited measurements. Some time is rented in the towing tank or cavitation laboratory of the SSPA which i.s situated close to the Division.

The specialists at SSPA have important functions as assistance in the educational program on all levcl of

ship hydromechanics at Chalmers.

Some photos from the Research Station in enclosure 3 give a general idea of the possibilities. The permanent staff and the extra teachers are listed in enclosure 4.

List of subjects

at Chalmers University of Technology, Naval Architecture 1 year. Mathematics Mechanics Physic s Technical drawings 2 year. Statistics Programming Strength of Materials

Mellurgy

Electric Mashinery and Measurements Machine Elements

Production Engineering

Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics

Introductory Course to Naval Architecture

and Marine Engineering

Enclosure 1 : 1

3 year.

Subject Total number

of hours

Transportation and Logistics 70

Applied Theromdynamics and Fluid 98(+182 in

Dynamics . .2 year)

Industrial Economics 63

Structural Mechanics 112

Corrosion and Welding 49

Control Theory and Application 126

Infornation Retrieval 14

Ship Hydromechanics (lectures) 91

Enclosure 1: 2

Subject Total number of

hours

Ship Design and Construction (lectures) 189 Ship Design and Construction (lab) 147

Shipyard Technology 84

Marine Engineering (lectures) 168

Marine Engineering (lab) 84

Industrial Electronic Measurements 56

4 year& Subject Total number of

lours

Ship Hydromechanics 280 + (84)

Two of Ship Design and Construction

364

Marine Engineering 280 + (84) sb.ould be

chosen Electrical Marine Engineering 56

Shipyard Technology 140 Refrigeration and Ventilation

Engineering 56

Transportation and Logistics 168

Underwater Technology 112 Control Engineering 224

Applied Thermodynamics and Fluid

Dynamics 336

Industrial Management Social and

Marketing Dynamics 168

Velding 224

Finite Element Method 112 Structural Dynam.ic.s 112

X)The students have to choose subjects which give at least 62 hour5 totally out of which 392 in the Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering field (above the line).

Enclosure 1: 3

Underwater Technology is organized by the Division o Ship Hydromechanics for all students at Chalmers. It includes lectures on applied oceanography, naval medicine and practical applications (diving equipment, submarines, habitats, materials etc).

Enclosure 2:1

Organization of Ship .Hydromechanic

Studies 1975/76

A. For third year course the total number of hours is 230. The course is intended to give a general basic

knowledge in Ship Hydromechanics.

1, Period 1.

Lectures

1 hours resistance

7 hours propulsion

Exercise and laboratory work

7 hours line drawings

7 hours resistance and power calculations

7 hours towing resistance testing

28 hours homework (drawing office)

2, Period 2,

Lectures

7 hours stability

7 hours waves and ship motions

Exercise and laboratozy work

7 hours propulsio: calculations

7 hours propeller design

7 hours frcerunnir4g propeller testing

28 hours home work (drawing office)

3. Period

3,

2 hours shipyards computations organization

2 hours iiip reerch organization

Enclosure 6:2

Exercise and laboratory work

7 hours stability calculations

7 hours waves and ship motion calculations

7 hours stability balance testing

35 hours home work (drawing office)

4. Period 4.

20 hours semInars (the subjects has been choosen .n peri. 7)

29 hours home work

During this period all designs, reports etc rhall be

handed over to the assistant ' tMs has not been done

before. During this period a visit is made at SSPA,

to give a general information of tankwork and of the

equipment.

5. Examination, reports and deign. work to be presented

by the students.

Nr 1, Examination propulsion and resistance

2 Examination stability and motions

Ship lines drawiig

Ship motion calculatIons

Resistance and propulsion calculations

Propeller design drawing

Report on seminar literature subject

Towing test report

Freeru.nning propeller report

Stability balance report

6. A detailed schethile showing date, time, subect and

responsible teacher is made for every period in

B. For the fourth year course the studies are organized for two periods with a total of 280 hours or for three

periods with 364 hours. The courses are intended to give a broad general iowledge in ship hydromechaiiics,

a general information on present day problems and

research Work, a good knowledge on experimental methods and computer programs (practical training)

Period 1.

10 hours lectures

20 hours model testing in regular waves 20 hours môd.el testing in irregular waves

20 hours steering experiments

Period 2.

16 hours ITTCseminars

20 hours propulsions experiments

14 hours analogue computer experiments

20 hours propeller design according to the. vortex theory

Period 3.

20 hours potiftial flow calculations 20 hours mathematical fairing

44 hours hybridcomputer programing and. experiments.

A second visit is made at SSPA, intended to obtain informations on their research program and actual problems in tank testing.

The exercises in the'fourth year are made as group works. Records for the experiment in question is edited by a responsible student. All the students have to show in a discussion that they know about the, apparatus, the methods end the results and experiences.

The individual examination is arranged when the assistants report to the Professor that all exercises are made _and

controlled.

Enclosure 3:0 pJo b GALTIÔ Triangular course for seakeepitig experiments BRA NP4O MPERO

Map of the research statiOn showing the measured mile, the test area for seagoing models, the model store and testing basin.

tN. \

1. General view of the basin with cablelines, bridge and wavegenerator. The roof

of the station in front.

V

Photos from researchstation

2. A four meter plastic model of a fishing boat in regular waves. p.

3. A six meter model at sea in natural waves.

4. A model of a tanker during steering experiments in the 80 meter pool.

Personal at Division of Ship Hydromecanics 1975/76

Permanent (full time)

1 Professor

1 secretary

1 Lecturer

1 Research engineer

2 Assistants (graduate students)

2 Carpenters

2 Caretakers

(full time)

1 Researcher

2 Assistants for general contract work

1 Librarian

Extra (part time)

6 Assistants from shipyards, SSPA etc.