LITHOSTRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION OF THE OUTER CARPATHIAN BORDERLANDS OF POLAND, UKRAINE, SLOVAKIA AND ROMANIA

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Lithostratigraphic correLation of the outer carpathian borderLands of poLand, ukraine, sLovakia and romania

Korelacja litostratygraficzna Karpat zewnętrznych na obszarach przygranicznych polsKi, słowacji, UKrainy i rUmUnii Lêszek Jânkowski¹, RôbeRt kôpciowski¹, Wôjciech R^yłko¹, VâsyL Dânysh² ,

p^aVLo n. t^saRnenko², o^Leg h^nyLko²

Abstract. An attempt was made to correlate the lithostratigraphic units of the Outer Carpathians in Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine. The correlation covered the area presented in the previously published geological maps of the Outer Carpathians between the Biała and Risca rivers.

Key words: lithostratigraphic unit correlation, tectonic units, Outer Carpathians.

Abstrakt. Wykonano próbę korelacji wydzieleń litostratygraficznych Karpat zewnętrznych dla obszaru Polski, Rumunii, Słowacji oraz Ukrainy. Korelacja obejmuje obszary przedstawione na wydanych wcześniej mapach geologicznych Karpat zewnętrznych, między rzekami Białą a Risca.

Słowa kluczowe: korelacja jednostek litostratygraficznych, jednostki tektoniczne, Karpaty zewnętrzne.

IntroductIon The study complements the maps of part of the Outer

Carpathians arc from the Biała River meridian to the north- ern part of the Romanian Carpathians (Jankowski et al., eds., 2004; Jankowski et al., eds., 2007) (Fig. 1). The main objective is an attempt to correlate coeval facies and, if possible, tectonic units (Fig. 2). The essence of field observations and correlation work carried out in the neighbour- ing countries was to identify individual geological sections, to determine the meaning of lithostratigraphic terms and to determine the facies character of a number of members and formations.

The correlation between the sections was conducted not only within the individual units that directly continue in the border areas. The study also covered the units that have no equivalents in the Polish Carpathians, but they occur in Ukraine or Romania. The basis for the observations and cor- relations were mainly mapping materials and own observations of the authors.

The remarks, which are included in the study and concern the development of depositional systems and the nature and course of tectonic units (sometimes controversial and different from traditional), are own views of the authors. They are

1 Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Oddział Karpacki, Skrzatów 1, 31-560 Kraków;

e-mail: leszek.jankowski@pgi.gov.pl; robert.kopciowski@pgi.gov.pl; wojciech.rylko@pgi.gov.pl

2 National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Materials, Lviv

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U K R A I N E

R O M A N I A P O L A N D

A B

Fig. 1. Area of investigation

A – area mapped on “Geological map of the Outer Carpathians: border- lands of Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia” (Jankowski et al., eds., 2004);

B – area mapped on “Geological map of the Outer Carpathians: borderland of Ukraine and Romania” (Jankowski et al., eds., 2007)

Obszar badań

Obszar przedstawiony na mapach: A – Geological map of the Outer Carpathians: borderlands of Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia (Jankowski et al., eds., 2004); B – Geological map of the Outer Carpathians: borderland of Ukraine and Romania (Jankowski et al., eds., 2007)

area.

The first step included the development of two car- tographic projects covering the eastern part of the Polish Carpathians, Slovak and Ukrainian Carpathians (Jankowski et al., eds., 2004) and part of the Romanian Carpathians (Jankowski et al., eds., 2007). The report: ,,Geological map of the Outer Carpathians; borderland of Poland, Ukraine and Slovakia 1:200 000” was carried out in association with the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals in Lviv and Technical University Košice, Department of Geology and Mineralogy in Košice and Geological Survey of Slovak Republic. The following materials were used: maps of the Polish Outer Carpathians, scale 1:200 000 (Ślączka, Żytko, 1979; Nescieruk et al., 1995; Gucik et al., 1980) and map- sheets of the Detailed Geological Map of Poland, scale 1:50 000 (Cieszkowski, Ślączka, Zuchiewicz, 1988; Węcła- wik, Wójcik, 1993; Kopciowski et al., 1997a, b; Jankowski, 1997b; Malata et al., 1997; Haczewski et al., 1999; Kop- ciowski, 2000). Maps of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Shakin et al., 1976; Gavura, Danysh et al., unpubl.) and Slovak (Leško, ed., 1964; Matejka, ed., 1964; Korab, 1983; Nemčok,

Slovakia

Poland Romania

4

6 6

1

2

2 1

1 3

5

7a 7c 7b

8b 8a 8d 8c 8e

9b 109a

11 12

12

8d

13 14

15 14

15

16

17 17

17 BD 13

ShZ

S T

H

PB PR

0 25 km

U k r a i n e

Fig. 2. Geological sketch of Outer Carpathians: borderlands of Poland, Ukraine, Slovakia and Romania

1 – Carpathian Foredeep; 2 – Folded Miocene; 3 – Boryslav-Pokuttya Unit; 4 – Skole Unit; 5 – Węglówka (Holâtyn) Unit; 6 – Silesian Unit; 7a, b, c – Dukla Unit; 8a, b, c, d, e – Magura Unit; 9a, b – Chornohora Unit; 10 – Burkut, Audia Unit; 11 – Krasnoshora Unit; 12 – Sukhiv Unit; 13 – Rakhiv Unit;

14 – Maramureş, Dragovo Unit; 15 – Pieniny Klippen Belt; 16 – Subbucovinian, Bucovinian units; 17 – Neogene volcanic rocks; PB – Poiana Botizii;

H – Holâtyn; S – Shopurka; BD – Brzegi Dolne; PR – Polonina Runa; L – Luta; ShZ – Shopurka zone (Jasinia–Kosiv zone); T – Turka, Sn – Snina Szkic geologiczny Karpat zewnętrznych: obszary przygraniczne Polski, Ukrainy, Słowacji i Rumunii

1 – przedgórze Karpat; 2 – utwory miocenu sfałdowane; 3 – jednostka borysławsko-pokucka; 4 – jednostka skolska; 5 – jednostka Węglówki (Holatyn);

6 – jednostka śląska; 7a, b, c – jednostka dukielska; 8a, b, c, d, e – jednostka magurska; 9a, b – jednostka czarnohorska; 10 – jednostka Audia (Burkut);

11 – jednostka krasnoszorska; 12 – jednostka suchowska; 13 – jednostka rachowska; 14 – jednostka marmaroska (drahowska); 15 – pieniński pas skałkowy;

16 – jednostki subbukowińskie i bukowińskie; 17 – neogeńskie skały wulkaniczne; PB – Poiana Botizii; H – Holatyn; S – Shopurka; BD – Brzegi Dolne;

PR – Polonina Runa; L – Luta; ShZ – strefa Shopurki (strefa Jasinia-Kosów), T – Turka, Sn – Snina

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1990) Carpathians were also utilized. The project “Geological map of the Outer Carpathians: borderlands of Ukraine and Romania” was carried out in association with the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Institute of Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals in Lviv and

University of Bucharest. Maps of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Shakin et al., 1976; Gavura et. al., unpubl.) and Romanian Carpathians (Gherasi et al., 1967; Popoescu, Mirauta, 1967;

Patrulius et al., 1968; Joja et al., 1968; Alexandrescu et al., 1968 and Mirauta, 1968) were used.

CORRelatiOn OF lithOStRatiGRaPhiC SeCtiOnS Several previous mapping projects were made with the

neglect of the complex data from Slovakia, Ukraine and Romania (Fig. 3). The present study presents the correlation of data from the whole study area.

The above-listed maps and correlation of lithostratigraphic sections should be considered jointly. The attempt of correlation is not limited only to the border areas. Studies and observations were carried out throughout the whole area of the Ukrainian Carpathians and the northern part of the Romanian Carpathians, which allowed for a summary and comparison of sections of the units that are more distant from the Ukraine/Romania border, and which often show different facies types and are related to different depositional systems.

The gathered information is only a prelude to further research on the sedimentary basin analysis of the Carpathians, which should be extended to the whole area of the so-called Flysch Carpathians to fully reconstruct the history of events in the basin. The results of the correlation in that area are presented in Figure 3. The numbers given in the lithostratigraphic sections denote lithostratigraphic units used in the maps in individual countries. The colours and hatching used in the maps represent deposits similar in facies type (e.g. variegated shales) or belonging to the same depositional system (Burkut and Krasnoshora sandstones, and Chornohora Beds). The paper intentionally does not provide precise lithostratigraphical and facies descriptions because of the enormity of the material, which requires a separate study. Detailed lithostratigraphical and facies description will be presented by the authors in a forthcom- ing publication called “Lithostratigraphic glossary of the flysch Carpathians of Austria, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Ukraine”.

The aim of the analysis is to reconstruct the entire depositional systems and to place the individual facies elements within the systems. Taking into account the problems associ-

ated with the ongoing formalization of the lithostratigraphic members in the Carpathians, their continuation (especially on the emergence of sequence stratigraphic techniques and the necessity of revising the concept of formation) requires reconsideration. In this study, the names of members and formations, traditionally used and common in geological literature, are assumed as a basis for correlation. They are known especially to the Polish reader. A major hurdle for both cor- relating and implementing the map was sometimes a different treatment of the concepts relating to the lithostratigraphic members (their boundaries or age ranges) in different countries. An example of differences in the classification is the term “svita” used in Ukraine, which has no meaning equiva- lent in Poland, Slovakia and Romania.

Another problem, both for the construction of the map of borderland areas and for the compilation of the correlation, is the lack of geological maps on a scale more accurate than 1:100 000 (unavailable and often classified maps of the Ukrainian Carpathians at the scale of 1: 50 000). In addition, there are many views (Danysh, Tsarnenko – pers. comm.) on the course and classification of some tectonic elements (e.g. the view on the trend and extent of the Dukla Unit in Ukraine). In many cases, the previously made correlation was random. Apart from the above examples, the main dif- ficulties were encountered during partial correlation of the Oligocene–Miocene units, especially of the Krosno facies.

The main reason is the lack of facies analysis of the Krosno basin covering large part of the Carpathians. An additional problem is that the boundaries between tectonic elements are not defined and the shear zones are not mapped. The correlation is based on field observations and literature data and points to the need to perform a basin analysis and to determine the areas of deposition of many lithostratigraphic members. The information gathered by the authors is the basis for further development in the form of an atlas of the Outer Carpathians.

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Early Badenian

Late Badenian Karpatian Ottnangian Eggenburgian Egerian Rupelian (Kiscelian) Priabonian Bartonian Lutetian Cuisian Ilerdian Thanetian Montian Danian Maastrichtian Campanian Santonian Coniacian Turonian Cenomanian Albian Aptian Barremian Hauterivian Valanginian Berriasian Tithonian Kimmeridgian Oxfordian

M i o c e n e ne ce go Oli E o c e n e e en oc le Pa U p p e r C r e t a c e o u s s ou ce ta re r C we Lo Up. Jurassic

V V V V V V V V V

V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V

V V V V V V V V V

2 2 2 2

3 3 34 4 4

5 5 5 5

5 6

7 7 8 9 13 14 15 16

10

1 1 1 1 21

1 2 3 4

1 2 3 4 5 6 11 12

89 10

1 2 3 4 6 11 12

POLANDSLOVAKIAUKRAINEROMANIA Dragovo-Petrova UnitMaramureşUnit

Pieniny Klippen Belt

Magura UnitCentral

Carpathian Paleogene

Central

Carpathian Paleogene

(Podhale Flysch)

Rača Subuni

t

Pieniny Klippen Belt

Magura Unit

Rača Subunit East Carpathian Paleogene and Neogene

POLAND SLOVAKIA UKRAINE ROMANIA

Central Carpathian Paleogene Pieniny Klippen Belt Magura Unit Central Carpathian Paleogene Pieniny Klippen Belt Magura Unit Maramureşh Unit and East Carpathian Paleogene and Neogene Dragovo-Petrova Unit and East Carpathian Paleogene and Neogene

: : –Rača Subunit: : : –Rača Subunit: :

1–Ostrysz Beds 2Chochołów Beds 3Zakopane Beds 4–Szaflary Beds 5–Nummulite limestones 1–Jarmuta Beds 2–Puchov Marls 1–Malcov Beds 2–Menilite Beds 3–Globigerina Marls 4–Magura Muscovite Sandstone (Poprad Sandstone) 5–Hieroglyphic Beds 6–Variegated Shales 1–Biely Potok Beds 2–Zuberec Beds 3–Huty Beds 4–Globigerina Marls 5–Borove Beds 1–Jarmuta Beds 2–Puchov Marls 1–Malcov Beds 2–Menilite Beds 3–Globigerina Marls 4–Magura Muscovite Sandstone (Makovica Sandstone) 5–Beloveža Beds 1–

Dobrativka Beds, Bashivska Beds, Teresva Beds

2–Terebla Beds 3–Malcov Beds 4–Menilite Beds 5–Drahiv Beds 6Velykyi Banski Beds 7–Metova Beds 8–Shopurka Beds 9–Conglomerates 10–Yarmuta Beds 11–Pukhiv Marls 12–Soimul Conglomerates 1–Conglomerates, sandstones, mudstones 2–Evaporite 3–Hida Beds 4–Borşa Beds 5–Valea Carelor Beds, Wild Flysch 6–

Prislop Conglomerates, Birgau Conglomerates

7–Strîmtura Sandstones 8–Tocila Beds 9–Petrova Beds 10–Conglomerates 11–Puchov Marls 12–Birnadu Conglomerates, Ceahlău Conglomerates 13–16 Pieniny type facies

– – – Fig. 3. Correlation of lithostratigraphic units (pages 90–97) Korelacja jednostek litostratygraficznych (strony 90–97)

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Early Badenian Karpatian Ottnangian Eggenburgian Egerian Rupelian (Kiscelian) Priabonian Bartonian Lutetian Cuisian Ilerdian Thanetian Montian Danian Maastrichtian Campanian Santonian Coniacian Turonian Cenomanian Albian Aptian Barremian Hauterivian Valanginian Berriasian Tithonian Kimmeridgian Oxfordian

334 51 2

2 3

11 2 3

4

2 3 4 5

1 2 31

2 3 4 5 7

1 6 8 9 104

1 2 3

21 2

1 4

6

Chornohora Unit

Rakhiv Unit Sukhiv Unit Burkut Unit

Krasnoshora Unit Hoverla Subunit

Skupiv Subunit

Ceahlău UnitTeleajen Unit

Audia Unit

UKRAINEROMANIA ROMANIA Ceahlău Unit: 1–Birnadu Conglomerates Ceahlău Conglomerates 2–Bistra Beds 3–Sinaia Beds

UKRAINE Rakhiv Unit: 1–Vovchyi Beds 2–Rakhiv Beds Sukhiv Unit: Burkut Unit:1–Teresova Sandstones 2–Sukhiv Beds 3–BielaTysa Beds 4–Bohdan Conglomerates Bronka Conglomerates 1–Burkut Sandstones 2–Upper Shypit Beds 3–Lower Shypit Beds

Krasnoshora Unit: Chornohora Unit1–Krasnoshora Sandstones 2–Tarnicora Sandstones 3–Yalovets Beds 4–Upper Shypit Beds 5–Lower Shypit Beds 1–Chornohora Beds 2–Yalovets Beds 3–Upper Shypit Beds 4–Lower Shypit Beds

Hoverla Subunit:

Skupiv Subunit: 1–Transition Beds 2–Menilite Beds 3–Parodtsyn Beds 4–Topilche Beds 5–Variegated Shales 6–Hnylets Beds 7–Skupiv Beds 8–Yalovets Beds 9–Upper Shypit Beds 10–Lower Shypit Beds

Teleajen Unit: 1–Prisaca (Şiriu) Beds 2–Variegated Shales 3–Corbu Beds 4–Conglomerates 5–Toroclej Beds 6–Plăieşti Beds

Audia Unit: 1–Prisaca Beds 2–Variegated Beds 3–Audia Beds 4–Sinaia Beds

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2 4 556 6 10 9

7

4 6

43

1 5 7 7

6

4

21 53 7 7 7 8 9

10 11

10

321 44

321 5 864321 5 7 11

32112 3 5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 9 10

1 7

8 9

Bystrica Subunit

Magura Unit Krynica SubunitRača Subunit

POLANDSLOVAKIAUKRAINEPOLANDSLOVAKIAUKRAINEPOLANDSLOVAKIAUKRAINE

Kochanov Subunit

SLOVAKIA POLANDMagura Unit Magura UnitKohanov (Čergov, Krynica) Subunit: Krynica Subunit:1–Malcov Beds 2–Menilite Beds 3–Globigerina Marls 4–Hanuszów Shales 5–Strihov Sandstones 6–Beloveža Beds 7–Čergov Conglomerates 1–Malcov Beds 2–Menilite Beds (Smereczek Beds) 3–Globigerina Marls (Mniszek Marls) 4–Hanuszów Shales 5–Piwniczna Sandstones 6–Zarzecze Beds 7–Krynica Conglomerates 8–Variegated Shales 9–Inoceramian Beds 10–Szczawina Sandstones 11–Malinowa (Cebula) Shales

UKRAINE

Magura Unit Krynica Subunit: 1–Menilite Beds 2–Sheshory Marls 3–Variegated Shales 4–Žlin Beds 5–Beloveža Beds POLAND

SLOVAKIA

Magura Unit Bystrica Subunit: 1–Malcov Beds 2–Menilite Beds 3–Globigerina Marls 4–Piwniczna Sandstones 5–Žlin Beds 6–Beloveža Beds –

Magura Unit Bystrica Subunit: ^1–M

alcov Beds 2–Menilite Beds (Smereczek Beds) 3–Globigerina Marls (Mniszek Marls) 4–Jazowsko Beds 5–Maszkovice Sandstones 6–Łącko Marls 7–Beloveža Beds 8–Łabowa Beds 9–Inoceramian Beds 10Szczawina Sandstones 11–Malinowa (Cebula) Shales

SLOVAKIA

Magura Unit Rača Subunit: 1–Žlin Beds 2–Malcov Beds 3–Menilite Beds 4–Globigerina Marls 5–Makovica Sandstones 6–Beloveža Sandstones 7–Łupków Beds 8–Szczawina Sandstones 9–Malinowa (Cebula) Shales

POLAND UKRAINE

Magura Unit Magura UnitRača Subunit: Rača Subunit:^1–M

alcov Beds 2–Menilite Beds 3–Globigerina Marls 4–Magura Muscovite Sandstone (Poprad Sandstone) 5–Submagura Beds 6–Hieroglyphic Beds 7–Łabowa Shales 8–Inoceramian Beds 9–Szczawina Sandstones 10–Malinowa (Cebula) Shales 1–Žlin Beds 2–Beloveža Beds

UKRAINE Magura Unit Bystrica Subunit: 1–Menilite Beds 2–Sheshory Marls 3Variegated Shales 4–Žlin Beds 5–Beloveža Beds

–

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22

1 2 3

7

12 3 4 6 83

1 5

1 1 2 3

1 23 45 76

1 2 3

4 5 6 8 9 7

9 10 9 11 12 13

71 2 34 6 8

5 9 13 1410 11 12

8 9 10 11

Papin SubunitSiary Subunit

POLANDSLOVAKIAUKRAINEPOLANDSLOVAKIAPOLANDSLOVAKIAUKRAINE Magura UnitDukla Unit SLOVAKIA POLAND UKRAINE

Magura Unit Magura Unit Magura UnitSiary Subunit (in Slovakia included to the Rača Subunit): Siary Subunit: Siary Subunit in Ukraine included to the Rača Subunit

1–Žlin Beds 2–Beloveža Beds 3–Łupków Beds 1–Gładyszów Beds 2–Supramagura Beds (Budzów Beds) 3–Magura Glauconite Sandstone (Wątkowa Sandstones) 4–Submagura Beds (Zembrzyce Beds) 5–Łabowa Beds 6–Ciężkowice Sandstones 7–Mutne Sandstones 8–Inoceramian Beds 1–Žlin Beds 2–Beloveža Beds

SLOVAKIA POLAND

Magura Unit Magura UnitPapin Subunit: Papin Subunit:1–Papin Beds 2–Hieroglyphic Beds and Variegated Shales 3–Łupków Beds 1–Papin Beds 2–Hieroglyphic Beds and Variegated Shales 3–Inoceramian Beds

SLOVAKIA POLANDDukla Unit: Dukla Unit:^1–C

ergowa Beds 2–Menilite Beds 3–Kliwa Sandstones 4–Cergowa Sandstones 5–Papin Beds 6–Mszanka Beds 7–Globigerina Marls 8–Submenilite Beds 9–Bukovec Sandstones 10–Cisna Sandstones 11–Łupków Beds 1–Krosno Beds 2–Transition Beds 3–Menilite Beds, Grybów Marls 4–Cergowa Sandstone 5–Mszanka Sandstones 6–Globigerina Marls 7–Hieroglyphic Beds and Green Shales 8–Przybyszów Sandstones 9Variegated Shales 10Wielka Rawka Sandstones 11–Majdan Beds 12–Cisna Sandstones 13–Łupków Beds

– –

UKRAINE Dukla Unit: 1–Maly Vyžyn Beds 2–Transition Beds 3–Menilite Beds, Dusyno Marls 4–Turica Beds 5–Cergova Sandstone 6–Sheshory Marls 7–Sil Beds 8–Stavne Sandstones 9–Variegated Shales 10–Strikhava Beds 11–

Luta Sandstones, Upper V

elykyi Bereznyi Beds 12–Lower Velykyi Bereznyi Beds 13–Yalovets Shales 14–Shypit Beds

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M i o c e n e e n e c o g i l O E o c e n e e en oc le Pa Upper Cretaceous C r e t a c e o u s L o w e r UpperJurassic

9

7

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6

2 3 4 5 7 13 14 1516

1 8 9 106 11 12

2

1 3 2 54 6 7 81 2 3 4 5 6 5 7 8 9 10 11

5

6 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 2425 26

Soimul Subunit

Krosno Unit Turka Subunit

POLANDUKRAINE Svydovets UnitSilesian Unit W partE part

POLAND UKRAINE

Silesian Unit Svydovets Unit: Krosno Unit:^1–U

pper Krosno Beds–shales member 2–Upper Krosno Beds–sandstone–shale member, Niebylec Shales 3–Ostre Sandstones 4–Gorlice Beds 5–Lower Krosno Beds–sandstones (Lesko Sandstones) 6–Lower Krosno Beds–sandstone–shale member 7–Jasło Limestone 8–Lower Krosno Beds (Otryt Sandstones) 9–Zatwarnica Beds 10–Transition Beds 11–Menilite Beds 12–Globigerina Marls 13–Green Shales 14–Hieroglyphic Beds 15–Variegated Shales 16–Ciężkowice Sandstones 17–Upper Istebna Beds–shales 18–Upper Istebna Beds–sandstones 19–Lower Istebna Beds–shales 20–Lower Istebna Beds–sandstones 21–Godula Beds 22–Variegated Shales 23–Lgota Beds 24–Werowice Beds 25–Grodziszcze Sandstones 26–Cieszyn Beds 1–Veretskyi Beds 2–Menilite Beds 3–Sheshory Marls 4–Uharock Beds 5–Bobruk Beds 6–Variegated Shales 7–Urdyn Beds 8–Lolyn Beds 9–Yalovets Beds 10–Upper Shypit Beds 11–Lower Shypit Beds 1–Olistostromes 2–Krosno Beds 3–Olistostromes 4–Jasło Limestone 5–Krosno Beds (Otryt Sandstones) 6–Bukowiec Member 7–Veretskyi Beds 8–Menilite Beds 1–Krosno Beds 2–Veretskyi Beds 3–Menilite Beds 4–Sheshory Marls 5–Hieroglyphic Beds and Variegated Shales 6–Topilche Sandstones 7–Urdyn Beds (Smoshe Beds) 1–Krosno Beds–shales member 2–Krosno Beds–sandstones and shales member 3–Krosno Beds–sandstones 4–Menilite Beds 5–Sheshory Marls 6–Hieroglyphic Beds and Variegated Shales 7–Urdyn Beds 8–Holâtyn Marls 9–Upper Shypit Beds

Soimul Subunit–western part Soimul Subunit–eastern part Turka Subunit

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Early Badenian Karpatian Ottnangian Eggenburgian

Egerian

Rupelian (Kiscelian)

Priabonian Bartonian Lutetian Cuisian Ilerdian Thanetian

Montian Danian Maastrichtian

Campanian Santonian Coniacian Turonian Cenomanian

Albian Aptian Barremian Hauterivian Valanginian Berriasian

Tithonian Kimmeridgian

Oxfordian

M i o c e n eOligoceneEocenePaleoceneUpper CretaceousL o w e r C r e t a c e o u sUpper Jurassic

3 2

3

4 5

6

7

13 14 15 1

8

9

10 11 12

1 2 4

POLAND UKRAINE

Subsilesian Unit (Holâtyn Unit)

UKRAINE (Holâtyn area) Subsilesian Unit:

1 – Transition Beds 2 – Menilite Beds 3 – Variegated Shales

and Węglówka Marls 4 – Shypit Beds

POLAND Subsilesian Unit:

1 – Krosno Beds, shales member 2 – Krosno Beds, sandstones

and shales member 3 – Krosno Beds – sandstones 4 – Transition Beds 5 – Menilite Beds 6 – Variegated Shales 7 – Węglówka Marls 8 – Godula Beds

9 – Godula Variegated Shales 10 – Gaize Beds

11 – Lgota Beds 12 – Werowice Beds 13 – Grodziszcze Beds 14 – Werowice Beds 15 – Cieszyn Beds

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Karpatian Ottnangian Eggenburgian

Egerian

Albian Aptian Barremian Hauterivian Valanginian Berriasian

M i o c e n O l i g o c e n eEoceneP a l e o c e n eUpper CretaceousLower Cretaceous

16

2 3 4 5

7

13 14

15

16 98

10 11 12

1

6

17 18 19

20 21

22

32

4

5

7

13 14

15 16

8 9 10

11

12 1

6

1 2

3

4 5

6

7 8

9 8 1110 12

13 13

14

15 17

18 20 19

20 23 22

21 25

26 24

27 28 29

3 3

15

POLAND Skole Unit

1 – Leszczawka Diatomites 2 – Upper Krosno Beds,

shales member 3 – Upper Krosno Beds,

sandstones and shales member 4 – Niebylec Shales 5 – Lower Krosno Beds 6 – Transition Beds 7 – Łopianiec Beds 8 – Menilite Beds,

Kliwa Sandstones 9 – Jasło Limestone 10 – Dynów Marlsand Cherts 11 – Siedliska Conglomerates 12 – Boryslav Sandstones 13 – Subcherts Beds 14 – Globigerina Marls 15 – Popeli Beds 16 – Pasichna Beds 17 – Hieroglyphic Beds 18 – Variegated Shales 19 – Bircza Limestones 20 – Babica Clays 21 – Inoceramian Beds 22 – Węgierka Marls 23 – Makówka Debrites 24 – Leszczyny Sandstones

(Inoceramian Beds) 25 – Kropiwnik Marls 26 – Hołownia Marls 27 – Radiolarite Shales 28 – Upper Spas Beds 29 – Lower Spas Beds

UKRAINE Skole Unit:

1 – Polanitsia Beds 2 – Krosno Beds 3 – Menilite Beds,

Kliwa Sandstones 4 – Upper Cherts 5 – Łopianiec Beds 6 – Jasło Limestone 7 – Lower Cherts 8 – Subchert Marls 9 – Sheshory Marls 10 – Popeli Beds 11 – Bystrytsia Beds 12 – Pasichna Beds 13 – Vytkivtsi Beds, Bytkiv Beds 14 – Vyhoda Sandstones 15 – Maniava Beds 16 – Yamne Sandstones 17 – Bytkiv Beds 18 – Yaremche Beds 19 – Stryi Beds 20 – Hołownia Marls 21 – Ilemka Beds 22 – Spas Beds

ROMANIA Tarcău Unit:

1 – Lower Gipsum 2 – Slon Beds 3 – Upper Menilite Beds 4 – Slon Beds 5 – Vineţişu Beds 6 – Fusaru Sandstones 7 – Kliwa Sandstones 8 – Lower Menilite Beds 9 – Globigerina Marls,

Lucăceşti Sandsones 10 – Podu Secu Beds 11 – Tarcău Sandstones 12 – Straja Beds 13 – Hongazu Beds 14 – Hangu Beds 15 – Lupchianu Beds 16 – Audia Beds

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Early Badenian Karpatian Ottnangian Eggenburgian

Egerian

Albian Aptian Barremian MioceneOligoceneE o c e n ePaleoceneUpper CretaceousLower Cretaceous

Berriasian Valanginian Hauterivian

1

2

4 35

6

7

1 3 2

4

5

16

6 7

98 10 11 12

15

18 2 1

4 5

8

9 10

11 13

14

17

3

6 7

12 13

14

15

Boryslav – Pokuttya Unit

ROMANIA

POLAND UKRAINE

Boryslav – Pokuttya

Unit Marginal Folds

Unit

POLAND

Boryslav-Pokuttia Unit:

1 – Vorotyscha Beds 2 – Menilite Beds 3 – Popeli Beds 4 – Pasichna Beds 5 – Hieroglyphic Beds 6 – Variegated Shales 7 – Inoceramian Beds

UKRAINE

Boryslav-Pokuttya Unit:

1 – Balychi Beds 2 – Stebnyk Beds 3 – Dobrotiv Beds 4 – Sloboda Conglomerates 5 – Vorotyscha Beds 6 – Polanitsia Beds 7 – Rusiv Conglomerates 8 – Menilite Beds,

Boryslav Sandstones 9 – Popeli Beds 10 – Bystrytsia Beds 11 – Pasichna Beds 12 – Vytkivtsi Beds 13 – Vyhoda Sandstones 14 – Maniava Beds 15 – Bytkiv Beds 16 – Yamne Sandstones 17 – Yaremche Beds 18 – Stryi Beds

ROMANIA Marginal Folds:

1 – Doftana Beds 2 – Brebu Conglomerates 3 – Salt Beds 4 – Slon Beds 5 – Gypsum Beds

(Gura Soimului Beds, Gura Misina Beds) 6 – Upper Menilite Beds 7 – Kliwa Sandstones 8 – Lower Menilite Beds 9 – Globigerina Marls,

Lucăceşti Sandsones 10 – Bisericani Beds 11 – Doamna Beds 12 – Jgheabu Marls 13 – Greşu Beds 14 – Piatra Uscata Beds,

Caşin Beds 15 – Lepşa Beds

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