położnictwo
Rak jajnika w ciąży – opisy trzech przypadków oraz aktualne algorytmy postępowania
diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego
Ovarian cancer during pregnancy – presentation of three cases and current diagnostic and treatment algorithms
,
" #
$% &
'#()
*+-
1 II Katedra i Klinika Ginekologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie, Polska
2 Klinika Onkologii Ginekologicznej UM w Poznaniu, Polska
3 Koło naukowe przy II Katedrze i Klinice Ginekologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie, Polska
4 Wydział Lekarski i Nauk o Zdrowiu, Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Zielona Góra, Polska
Streszczenie
Wstęp: Nowotwory złośliwe są rzadko rozpoznawane w trakcie ciąży, a częstość ich występowania szacuje się na 2,4-5,7 %. Rak jajnika zajmuje piąte miejsce wśród wszystkich raków u kobiet ciężarnych i drugie wśród no- wotworów narządu rodnego rozpoznawanych w ciąży. Rozwój choroby jest najczęściej bezobjawowy, a nowotwór zazwyczaj wykrywany jest przypadkowo w trakcie badania ultrasonograficznego. Postępowanie w raku jajnika u ko- biety ciężarnej stanowi ogromne wyzwanie, ze względu na fakt, iż nie wypracowano do tej pory jednoznacznych standardów postępowania w takich przypadkach.
Cel pracy: Omówienie aktualnych schematów terapeutycznych w oparciu o opisy przypadków trzech pacjentek z rozpoznanym w ciąży rakiem jajnika.
Wyniki: W pacy przedstawiono trzy różne scenariusze kliniczne u pacjentek z rozpoznanym rakiem jajnika w ciąży.
Ponadto dokonano przeglądu literatury dotyczącej aktualnych zasad postępowania u pacjentek z rakiem jajnika i współistniejącą ciążą.
Wnioski: Około 5% guzów jajnika zdiagnozowanych w ciąży jest złośliwa. Nie istnieją standardy postępowania w przypadku współistnienia raka jajnika z ciążą. Zarówno leczenie operacyjne w II trymestrze ciąży oraz następcza chemioterapia, wydają się być bezpieczne dla matki i dziecka, jednak potencjalne ryzyko jak i korzyści, które niesie ze sobą leczenie, muszą być w każdym przypadku dokładnie przeanalizowane, aby ustalić optymalny dla danej pacjentki algorytm postępowania diagnostyczno-terapeutycznego.
Słowa kluczowe: UDNMDMQLNDFLąĪDDOJRU\WP\OHF]HQLD
Otrzymano: 30.08.2014
Zaakceptowano do druku: 30.10.2014 Adres do korespondencji:
Andrzej Wróbel
II Katedra i Klinika Ginekologii Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Lublinie, Polska Polska, 20-954 Lublin, ul. Jaczewskiego 8
tel.: 081 7244686, e-mail: wrobelandrzej@yahoo.com
Wstęp
$&( . #/ ( & 01( &%
. ( & ( &((# ( # - (-%
.( 0 ( # &(
#/( & -& . 0
#/ 2
30&45 (&0# .1(
& 2 *%6782 9& & ( 0 (5 ( -1
(5 # # : . (. - ()& &%
1 (1. # 4 . & 0 #%
- ((& ;'<2 =/4 ( & .
2 >?8 (& - ( .%
1(2 / ( : / 0&45 0 @6 >>>
@ >>> (& .1 AB2 - # .& -
4 & (&0# .( .1( # # &%
(( ( - ( / C 2 $0&(- &(#-
& (- & & # / &%
.( # 68 (& #(# - /4 (2
&/ &(#( & & . ( - %
( D>8E ( - #/ %
( #4 A B2
= (.& - #(# (
& #( 0&- (# /( #0 0%
- 04 # ((%
( & #(# # &( .1(2 F 4 (&0# . # : ( & %
& ( 0 - ( 0&4
- ( #&(& . #(G -. (5
/ &1 # #& # / # .. .%
1. A B2
- ( &( &
& ## # &G A B2
#( H9+ /4 (- & - (
&(- -1 4 (5 ( ( &( DE %
D E #(- * (4 & DE
( ( -( # - &(-
-(- (- (- I>>-- D*E G& (%
(- F## - D6E2
= /. H9+ 1 & 0 4 & 0 1 ( J K
1( G5 /4 ( A*B2 &( 1 %
# - ( 1( ( (5 - 04 -%
( #(&( & -&(( # .(
/. 0 # - (2 (
H & # # &( .1( &- &
.1 &( & & 4 &&(
-2 2 2 L : / . ((&(
# #& #/( #/ 2
1( (( - %
&( & 01( &-G -# &
01( & & ( (45 #(1 (%
( & # # 6 &( .1( 0
( #/( #- . #/ %
(2 ; & 01( 0 ((%
+%3+ A B2
3 6 ( - &(&((
.1( - &(- - - .. (1%
&01 # (- &(-& &(- & # # 2 # (- &(-& &45 4 #(1 M6 ;N-
# 6 &( .1( -( .. &4
( (1 #/( (- &( 01%
2 = &( # &1 & 1 / ?>8 - %
( - & # (- &(-%
& .1( #(0& 1 & &01 3 6 #(1 M6 ;N - & (. ;'< 4 . - (
& & &% & 4 ( #(1 6 -
M &( .1( 4 (5 -1 4 - ( /4
& #( A 6B2
( # .1( 1(
( 2 (&- #&0# (- #(#
Abstract
Introduction: Malignant tumors are rarely diagnosed during pregnancy and their incidence ranges from 2.4% to 5.7%. Ovarian cancer is ranked fifth among all cancer types and second among all genital cancers diagnosed during pregnancy. The course of the disease is asymptomatic in most cases and the initial diagnose is typically made during a routine ultrasound examination. Management of ovarian cancer during pregnancy presents a considerable challenge due to the absence of clear standards of treatment.
Objectives: We present three clinical cases of patients suffering from ovarian cancer diagnosed during pregnancy, a review of the literature, as well as possible therapeutic options.
Results: Three different clinical scenarios in patients with ovarian cancer diagnosed during pregnancy have been presented. In addition, we reviewed current diagnostic and therapeutic algorithms for patients with ovarian cancer and co-existing pregnancy.
Conclusions: Approximately 5% of ovarian tumors diagnosed in pregnancy are malignant. There are no treatment standards for ovarian cancer diagnosed during pregnancy. Surgical treatment and the subsequent chemotherapy in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy appear to be safe for both, the mother and the child. However, the potential risks and benefits associated with the treatment have to be thoroughly analyzed on a case-by-case basis, to establish optimal diagnostic and treatment algorithms.
Key words:RYDULDQFDQFHUSUHJQDQF\WUHDWPHQWDOJRULWKPV
# (5 #( # - - (
# 4 # 1 ( -1 #/(.5 &(
& -& &1 2 Opis przypadku I
; > & N &( .1(
# &( & ( %
;'<2 - - ( & 45 #(%
#0( .1 1((- -2 #%
(- -( & & O &(
(- 7 P *6 --2 0 ( 45
#( ##/( ## D H Q>*E
#( 4 IM --2 (- &
45 4 & #& (- *> P >
--2 & &/ #(0& HH R < ;
L &(
2 &(( &
#(1. 45 (& 1 &01 - %
( &4 -&(& 2 '&01 3% 6 ( / ? >S
;N- C* %?S #- N 2 & &/ G
#(2 (- 0 -
#4(- (- & -0 .2 '& %
& ( 4 / S> --
45 # &( 0 &
(& (-2 &/ .( -(
((/( #& ( - -#( # %
#((2 & F & 4 #/( 2
- / ( . # /( 45 # ..
&( .1(2 ; 0& & #(& 5 0.
(& (2 #((- #&
&(-(/ # 7 # >> - #&%
&0# 2 #&/. 045 .1( &%
1 - &# #&(- .2
&#& (- # cystadenocarcinoma papillare serosum ovarii dextri et sinistri &# "H<9 HHH32 &%
&/ &0# G &# &2
45 ( - &# &0# #
& ( & # & # &(02 %
(&- 4 4 - & & -&
#/ 2 9 * &( .1( ;'< &#
.&- #/ 2 S &(%
#& &/ # # & 2 (
&4 # #&0#
( - -&((- -(
- ( - & (- & 4
#( - 2 3 .10 . . 0
# 1 1( #/ DH;< 1
&4 && DMN> #&E & .%
1 E2 T 0& - 02 -& &(-
#(- &#& &
4 - &(2 &
#/ 1) - 6?> (/ 45
#&G # - 0 45 & ( 4 0 &
4 & -( 2 &(
(/( ( # /4 2 M - .
# #((- #& .1 #& # # .
2 -&((- (%
4 - &( -( &%
&1 #&. - 2 F 0 # /2
Opis przypadku II
0 # (- # - &(- M & &( .1( #(0& &( # (- /
( # - # & 1%
4 &2 #&- & / #
& (/ #U. 01 ( ## #
# (& .( 02 ( - &- 0 ##&- 0 (/
&- 0 ## (2 ( 2 %
##((- D (/ (( & %
4 #(E # adenocarcinoma serosum2
$ #& # #& ( - %
&# ) "H<9 HHH2 &( #
01. G - &# -&
# & V # &( D+RE2 & &(-/ M ( +R
& .1(2 #/ - & #( #-%
( &G &(
# 1(- - - &# 2 S &( .1( (/
0 # - &( #/ - 6>
- 2 . # # # %
&-G -# & . G #%
(& ( /1 - 0 &- 2
( &&- 0 #(&- -U&%
- 0 - . ( 0 0 04 %
. 0 #0 -2 =- 0 &- /
0 -1 # ( &(
/(- # & 2 & (-
#& 45 D<E2 & - . # # &.# /
& &01 3 6 . G HH% &
- &# O # ( # &((2 & -
( + & (- ( &#
( (& . -( 2 3
-/ > - 0( # # & 2 F
0 # /2
Opis przypadku III
& 2 6 7 &( .1( &/ #
R 9 < #%
- 2 L #.( .10 &((- %
;'< & / - ( & / - (2 3. G #&- &
& -(( &( - .( - 0
#0 -( 5 0. 0 & & %
( # &( - .( &.
4 .2 9&.# # (& ( # -&%
& 2 '& @ - matosa probabiliter undifferentiatum <2 =## %
- &# . / -& # & # &(-2
& #/ ( 1( )2 # - &# &
0 #(/W - / #(- # / W & %
. ##& - 0 D /@ * <NLE #%
- 02 /. &( &(- 1( #%
& # ( 2
&( .1( / - #/ # 2
- &# 2 $ &(-(/( 0 # -
##& - /.(/( 0 ( ( 4 .%
& (2 ( ( 45 (
# & .& '& 0 #/2 3 -/
((. (/ ( #4 O # /
(# .&(
Dyskusja
L & & 01( & & %
( ( # &# # &5 #0&
( 1 & .1 4 %
( &# "H<9 #U
#& 2 $ 4 &( ( &
#&0# #(# # .1(2 F%
# & ) .1( # * &( - &%
&0# 1 & #&0# (
0 & # .1. ( ( # (& (
& #/ . - &# # &( &%
- A B2 H. -1 4 . &# &(. & &(
.1( #0 #( -- #0%
( ) .1( # . 0 /4 #
Tabela I. Proponowane schematy postępowania u pacjentek ze współistniejącym rakiem jajnika w ciąży.
$XWRU]\ 7\SKLVWRORJLF]Q\ 6NDOD
),*2
*$ZPRPHQFLH
GLDJQR]\
SRF]ąWHN&+7
W\JRGQLH
/HF]HQLHZWUDNFLH
FLąĪ\
*$ZPRPHQFLH
SRURGX
W\JRGQLH
/HF]HQLHSR
SRURG]LH :\QLNOHF]HQLD
mucinous cystadenocarcinoma
mature teratoma
I
!"#
$ $%& '
$
39
'#
!"#
$ $%& &
% # $ $%&
' & &
( &
% () &( &
*" +
,- +
$ & +
.
/ $ -
0 Papillary serous
adenocarcinoma III 18; 20
'#
+ & % #
6 & 7:<=7:
34
'#
!"# $ $%&
& % #
+ #
6 & 7:<=7:
*" .
," +
$
& + ' %&
?
@ Mucinous
adenocarcinoma IV 28; 30
!"# $ $%& &
%
+& # A
& 7< B==
34 C & 7 <
B==
*" +
,"
6. '&&
* D
AE Papillary serous
cystadenocarcinoma III 9; 22
!"#
+
&
% # $ $%&
% () &( &
= $ # . & 7
38
'#
!"#
$ $%& ) EF6 &# &
% #
+&
G ' & &
% ()# &
7<-!B.
*" +
," +
$ & +
6
,
AA Papillary serous
adenocarcinoma III 5; 16-17
!"# $ $%& &
% G % ()
&( &# &
7<-!B.
6..
'#
!"# $ $%&
& % #
' & &
( &
% () &( &
*" +
," + $
& + E.
'&
2SLV\ZDQ\
SU]\SDGHN, Papillary serous
cystadenocarcinoma III EAFE6 E0
M"# $ $%& &
%
+& # &
7:<-!B.
38 '#
+
*" +
," + $
& + C '&
2SLV\ZDQ\
SU]\SDGHN,, Papillary serous
adenocarcinoma GGGB AEFAC
' '#
'#
'
& &
& 7:< -!B.
38
'#
M"# $ $%&
% () &( &#
& &
% # & %N&
& %&
' &
*" +
," A '&
& $
B-EA.#
# 6
& -!B.
AO ' %&
$
2SLV\ZDQ\
SU]\SDGHN,,, Papillary serous
adenocarcinoma?? GGGB 17 A & :7P -!B. Q Q
*" +$'&
( $ AA +
,"
$' & $ B:
GA – wiek ciążowy, CHT – chemioterapia, CDDP – cisplatyna, AUC5 – karboplatyna, PXL – paclitaxel, DXL – docetaxel, USO – jednostronne usunięcie przydatków, BSO – obustronne usunięcie przydatków, FO – stan zdrowia dziecka, MO – stan zdrowia matki
#/ 1( #- 2 R . #. & #
& - &# # . 0 - /4
#/ A B2 + . & - .1. -&
-1 & # 1 - #%
0 - &# & ( # & %
2 ( #&- 04 #(# & &
& 0& -1 2 # (- &(-& .1( %
& ( #( #%
- &# # 1 & #&0# .
1 (( # 2 T1 & 0
&(- .1( #& # 5 .10 %
- 0 # ##((- - 04
# >> - #& &0#
AB2
$ ( & & &1 .1( &# %
2 0 - &1 (
- ( -. & 5 &0 0 ( -1
&( 1(- ## )&- 5
# &2 #(# -/( %
( # #%
& 0 # -1 &
) .1(2 = (- # - #%
& - &# "H<9 H <% &
(- 4 (- -& (- & &(
.1( --& . 0 /4 #/ #/ # %
/- & ( . 0 &0#. #.
& & 1( (5 #/. 0 &# %
2
F # ( (( . &( 01
#(- - &# H3 HH "H<9 H H
(- - & (- D#2 %
-E N <2 &0# - ( &( #(# &
& - &# ((& -
# &(( & #( ( - %
&# 2 ' / #&0# 1 &
.1 & (- ((& 2 T1 %
&/ #& HH HHH &(-& .1( -1 1(5
#&0# ( . --& . 0 /4
#/ #/ ## 5 %* ( & %
- &# (. * &( .1(2 3- &# %
& -1 (5 #0& & # # &(- %
#((- && # &5 #
%* &( # # (- #-2 = # & #/
# -1 (- # / - -& (- 2 #(#%
# # 7 &( .1( &
( * &( .1(2
#(# ( &# DHHH HX
"H<9E #. -&. # &( - .%
1( & ) .1( ( # (& (
- &# .2 T1 (& & -1
( 1( #.5 - &# %
&2 T1 &/ ( HH &(-&
& 5 .10 #. #. &# &(. &
#( (& &0#. - &# .2 HHH
&(-& .1( #(- . - & ( %
0 ( #& -(
- &# 2A B & ( ( -%
- # 2 $ . 0 - -
& (. / . #. . .1(2 - (-
#(# HH ( 0 .
0 -1 4 . ( -(-
# (& ( R1( #(( 1 0%
& & .1 &( 01
-1 (5 : /- ( # /)2 F(
## # (5 #0& # ( -
4 ( #/1 2 '# #&0# &# &( 1( 0& %
( #& .1( #/4 2 &&
#2 # #(# #& & 0 05
4 ( 0& #(& #
- 5 0. (& ( 0/(
/& 2 &#& (- & %
<2 &0 # 4 ( - - &%
# ((& - # &(( # & 2 +( - .
# && - ( ( ## 0 . &%
& & / &. - 0 2 05 & # #
#& / . .10 & # / # /
)(/ 0 - AMB2
'%( C #2 (& 0 %
& #(& - 2 C & %
& 4 <2 & - /
2 ? &(2 .1( ( 0
(- 0 - - ( #(&- 0%
0/ - ( /& (2 ;
& ( ) -(2 & &/ # M
( - - &# ((& - # &(( 76 -N- &P 76 -N- 2 ;( ##0 &
#& 2 6% & -&
& #.( & ( A7B2
#2 #& % -
&# HHH3 & 45 ( - &#
((& - # &(( 76 -N- P& 76 -N- 2 ## ;'< #/ (%
/( & -( / ( - .1(- #&0# .%
# - - &(- . 0 2 *
&( .1( ( - 0 &0#.
&&- . #&(- 0 - #(& 0%
- 0 #. &2 ##(
(/ 4 - &(2 $
-/ 6 # # # ( ( -%
& ( # #0 - - &# ASB2
= ' #2 S &(2 .1( ( #&%
# - & 0 #(&%
0 (& 2 Y #(
& 45 # & .& ( 4 ( -2 C &#& # &# HX < 2
&0 # - ( - - &# ((&%
- # & 76 -N- # &(( 76 -N- &0#
%&( (-2 * &( .1( # # - #(&%
&(& - ( 0 #%
. . & & & - (
# - ( #0 - ## &
F 2 $ ( 4 %
(2 & &/ # (- &- ( - %
- &# 2 ) & #0 (2
=( &( - &# ((& -
&#& 2 L &/ # # (( #%
& - 2 &0 # # &( &#
- > <( # 0 ( &0# - %
&# ((& - # &(( ( UU- N # %
&(( ((2 - - &# #&
-/ 6 - 0( #& ( A?B2
&0# 01 - &
& #- #&(- ( (%
#((- - &# 2 R & 01
- & 0 ( (2
- ( -.( #( 45 0 %
(4 &5 . & - & & 1(
#(# .1( # -1 45 &%
# & - (5 ( 4
& ( - 4 2 F4
01( - & Z Leczenie operacyjne
045 .1( &
(- & - 2 L #( &(
#(# & & # &5 . 0%
&(-& ( - 1 1
# (- &(-& . 0 ((
# # # AB2 $ # %
(- - ## #( &
&(-& .1(2 & - 0( *%* &( - .1( - %
- - *S # #. 1( #5 &(&%
( &(- #/ #/ 2 G &(
& 1 & & &(-& .1( -1
- (5 (( # # 1 45
& #& &( AB2
#( 0 1
#/ & .&- & & - %
1( # 5 ## &(- -& -%
(- /4 &# & &2 &
# # #&5 #( (- # # (&.# #& #%
- 1(/0 / . . ## ##/(
- ( AB2
L #( & 01( # (5 &
- 01( (.& - &&-
--& # & #.( 5 .10 %
# 1( .1(5 4 - #
( - ( ( # (&0# #
(4 2 ( U&- & (
-1 2 ( #&(- (& (%
& &.# (& #&0# - ( &
& - &# # . 0 - /4
# #/ 1( #- &0#(- ( -
# #&/- 2 /-
& ( &0#. ( . #. # # (&(- #
# #&- - 0 - &&- .
. -&( 12 T-0 . 1( &%
(5 0 - #4(- (-2 / && )
& .1( -1 & 1 ( ##%
0 #(& - - ##(%
( & ( # - # &%
- ( 4 .12 ( 1 ## #&- . . # %
( (( #/ 2 ( #2 # &#%
&( U&( &# &( (( . & -
## #&- & 01(2 9 &
#( /( 0 05 (( # #%
-( # 1 6>> (&.# H;<
A>B2 3 / 0 (/ 1( &&( 1
#-& 1( ( #/ # ## #%
#&- 1 & ( (/( - (
* > &( - .1( AB2
= 0 0 (( - ( #%
## &( 1( #5
#(G( .1 - 4
.& # (5 &(-( # - S%
--C # - #/( 39 #/ A B2
= & &1 & / X2 L#%
# #&0# ( -1 &5 ##%
#& (- - ( .(-
- ( /4 - - (- 1 M%S - &
/4 -1 .5 #-. - ( M S
&( - .1( (1 # &(- - # 0. 0 - ( -1 & 5 #0 ##
AB2 9#( & 01( #%
(5 0 4 U((- /- &%
( # -( & 2 Chemioterapia
.1( - (&( %
- - &# &( #/(
2 = .( .1. & / (-
# - - &(/45 # . &
# ( # # 0 0&4
-. #(( 5 0 & &(4 &( %
2 F ( & ( . #/( - &#
#/ 1. & 0&& 45 - &#
.1( -- #0 &1 -1 %
45 #& # /1( AB2 $ &&(-
( - & &# ) .1(2
# -# & . J(& K
- &# # - #/(
( 2 9 ( D*% &( ) .1(E
& - & (- (( - U- #/%
& 02 (( & 0 #(#
& # - &# ((& -
1 # -&# 2 - & - &(-& .1(
(( #/ ( - &# . & 2 L & -1 &- & # 5 - &
&- # # (&.#
-( A B2 H& . 1 %
. 1 ((- (( - .(- &%
- - &# .1( & -1 45 #
2 ; 01( - 0 & (
01(2 &0# & 0
05 4 # /) -& ( #/ #&0# &%
& #(& 4 . &(
& ( &&( & ( (. 4- & 4 . AB2
& 1 ( - &# 0 # (&%
- ((& - # &(( & 2 (
1 - &# & # &(-& -1 #%
5 &&( .1( (&.# - (2 =&%
- & - &(-& . & %
(( - U- 2 = # &((
& &/( G #( 3 F "F
. ( #/( &&( #/ A B2 F
/) #1.( # &(( (5 -1 - (
(- H;< # #( -/
&. ( 45 . &45 # 0
#(&# 0 -/ & # - &( ( %
2 & # &(( HH HHH &(-&
.1( ( &( #/( #/ &
4 - U- 6 - . 1( #- AB2 M #(# 1( # &(( ( # %
(- #(# -/ - U& - # - ( - #(# &( O H;<
(&# 0 > 8 A*B2 $ - ( &%
& ( 4 .( & #1.( 1( .%
1( # &(( A6%?B2 F /) #1.( # &
(5 -1 &( # / -& AB2 9#
&1 #(# & ( 4
#(# 01 : -& #%
( &# &- A >B2 Podsumowanie
9/ 68 ( .1( &
/4 2 $ & . &( #&0#
#(# # / & .1.2 = %
- &# # HH &(-& .1( (. 0 (5 # -& #& ((
( & . - (5 / %
12 '&( # #&0# &( %
(- 01( & -1 (
( 01( #.( 5 .102 =
(&((- HH 0( R &2 $&%
< ( 3 .1( #&(- (& #%
.1( -1 #/(5 & #/ & 0
& 2 -(- # - #&0#
(- & - .1( & &
& - &# . 0 /4
#/ &0#. / &. (& . # # A B2
Oświadczenie autorów:
1. Andrzej Wróbel – autor koncepcji i założeń pracy, przygotowanie manuskryptu i piśmiennictwa – autor zgłaszający i odpowiedzialny za manuskrypt.
2. Ewa Rechberger – zebranie materiału, analiza statystyczna wyników, przygotowanie manuskryptu.
3. Magdalena Magnowska – zebranie materiału, analiza statystyczna wyników, przygotowanie manuskryptu.
4. Paulina Banach – zebranie materiału, analiza statystyczna wyników, przygotowanie manuskryptu
5. Aleksandra Filipczak – zebranie materiału, analiza statystyczna wyników, przygotowanie manuskryptu.
6. Ewa Nowak-Markwitz współautor tekstu pracy, współautor protokołu, korekta i aktualizacja literatury.
7. Marek Spaczyński – korekta i akceptacja ostatecznego kształtu manuskryptu.
8. Tomasz Rechberger – korekta i akceptacja ostatecznego kształtu manuskryptu.
Źródło finansowania:
Praca nie była finansowana przez żadną instytucję naukowo-badawczą, stowarzyszenie ani inny podmiot, autorzy nie otrzymali żadnego grantu.
Konflikt interesów:
Autorzy nie zgłaszają konfliktu interesów oraz nie otrzymali żadnego wynagrodzenia związanego z powstawaniem pracy.
Piśmiennictwo
1. Grimm D, Woelber L, Trillsch F, Keller- v.Amsberg G. Clinical management of epithelial ovarian cancer during pregnancy. Eur J Cancer. 2014, 50, 963-971.
2. Minig L, Otaño L, Diaz-Padilla I, [et al.]. Therapeutic management of epithelial ovarian cancer during pregnancy; Clin Transl Oncol. 2013, 15, 259-264.
3. Marret H, Lhomme C, Lecuru F, [et al.]. Guidelines for the management of ovarian cancer during pregnancy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2010, 149, 18-21.
4. Timmerman D, Testa AC, Bourne T, [et al.].Simple ultrasound-based rules for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer; Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008, 31, 681–690.
5. Gezginć K, Karatayli R, Yazici F, [et al.].Ovarian cancer during pregnancy; Int J Gynaecol Obstet.
2011, 115, 140-143.
6. Battaglia F, Plotti F, Zullo M, [et al.].Successful pregnancy after conservative surgery for stage IC ovarian cancer with serous borderline tumor on controlateral ovary: A case report. Gynecol Oncol. 2006, 100, 612-614.
7. He S, Shen H, Xu L, [et al.].Successful management of mucinous ovarian cancer by conservative surgery in week 6 of pregnancy: case report and literature review; Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2012, 286, 989-993.
8. Rouzi A, Sahly NN, Sahly NF, Alahwal M. Cisplatinum and doxetaxel for ovarian cancer in pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2009, 28, 823-825.
9. Serkies K, Węgrzynowicz E, Jassem J. Paclitaxel and cisplatin chemotherapy for ovarian cancer during pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. Arch Gynecol Obstem. 2011, 283, 97-100.
10. Reedy MB, Galan HL, Richrds WE, [et al.]. Laparoscopy during pregnancy. A survey of laparoendoscopic surgeons. J Reprod Med. 1997, 42, 33-38.
11. Reedy MB, Kallen B, Kuehl TJ. Laparoscopic during pregnanc: a study of five fetal outcome parameters with use of the Swedish Health Registry. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997, 177, 673- 679.
12. Germain A, Brunaud L. Visceral surgery and pregnancy. J Visc Surg. 2010, 147, 129-135.
13. Akira S, Yamanaka A, Ishihara T, [et al.]. Gasless laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy during pregnancy: comparison with laparotomy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1999, 180, 554-557.
14. Mir O, Berveiller P, Ropert S, [et al.]. Use of platinum derivatives during pregnancy. Cancer.
2008, 113, 3069-3074.
15. Li RH, Tam WH, Ng PC, [et al.]. Microphtalmos associated with Dartmouth combination chemotherapy in pregnancy: a case report. J Reprod Med. 2007, 52, 575-576.
16. Henderson C, Elia G, Garfinkel D, [et al.]. Platinum chemotherapy during pregnancy for serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. Gynecol Oncol. 1993, 49, 92-94.
17. Koc O, McFee M, Reed E, Gerson SL. Detection of platinum-DNA adducts in cord blood lymphocytes following in utero platinum exposure. Eur J Cancer. 1994, 30, 716-717.
18. Picone O, Lhomme C, Tournaire M, [et al.]. Preservation of pregnancy in a patient with a stage IIIB ovarian epithelial carcinoma diagnosed at 22 weeks of gestation and treated with initial chemotherapy: case report and literature review. Gynecol Oncol. 2004, 94, 600-604.
19. Tabata T, Nishiura K, Tanida K, Kondo E, [et al.]. Carboplatin chemotherapy in a pregnant patent with undifferentiated ovarian carcinoma: case report and review of the literature. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2008, 18, 181-184.
20. Mir O, Berveiller P, Goffinet F, [et al.]. Taxanes for breast cancer during pregnancy: a systemic review. Ann Oncol. 2010, 21, 425-426.
21. Ferrandina G, Perillo A, Distefano M, [et al.]. Use of chemotherapy for ovarian cancer during human pregnancy: case report and literature review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007, 131, 235-245.
22. Mendez L, Mueller A, Salom E, [et al.]. Paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy administered during pregnancy for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Obstet Gynecol. 2003, 102, 1200- 1202.
23. Amant F, Halaska MJ, Fumagalli M, [et al.]. Gynecologic cancers in pregnancy: guidelines of a second international consensus meeting. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2014, 24, 394-403.
