Hubert Kotarski*

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http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/human.2012.11.4.183

Hubert Kotarski*

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Key words: human capital, social capital, local development, regional development

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The European Union promotes a policy of decentralization aimed at strengthening regional HFRQRPLHVE\LQFUHDVLQJWKHLUSURGXFWLYLW\DQGLQQRYDWLRQ$QRWKHUFRQVHTXHQFHRIWKHOLYHO\

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on the conceptualization of the region and its associated concepts, and methodological ap- SURDFKHVWR¿QGWKHEHVWGHVFULSWLRQDQGH[SODQDWLRQRIUHJLRQDOSKHQRPHQD6DJDQ

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* The University of Rzeszów; kotarski@univ.rzeszow.pl

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the Polish Sociological Association in 2012.

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and conditions of a highly competitive economy. There are factors, which appearance gives DYHU\KLJKSUREDELOLW\RIDVXFFHVVIXOSURFHVVRIDGHYHORSPHQWRIDUHJLRQ,QWKHOLWHUDWXUH

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is a result of an accumulation of human and social capital and good infrastructure in a region.

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capital reinforces the value of networks as a stimulus to the creation of regional clusters and regional strategies of innovation and politics. This issue is particularly important for less developed regions which possess a weaker social capital and a weaker popularisation of science and knowledge. Under such conditions such regions have to face the fundamental FKDOOHQJHVRIWHFKQRORJLFDODQGVRFLDOFKDQJH.XNOLĔVNL±7KHIDFWRURIORFDWLRQ

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A common feature of human and social capital is the origin of these concepts in the oppo- sition to physical capital. In the second half of the twentieth century world economic thinking

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numerous empirical studies. In the light of these studies these differences in the resources of endogenous factors (including human and social capital) determine the remaining differ- HQFHVLQWKHOHYHOVRIGHYHORSPHQWRIFRXQWULHVDQGUHJLRQV2QHRIWKHPDLQREMHFWLYHVRI

regional policy is to encourage the internal resources (endogenous) of a region. A successful LPSOHPHQWDWLRQRIWKLVWDVNUHTXLUHVLQGHSWKUHVHDUFKRQWKHUROHDQGUHODWLRQVKLSVRIVRFLDO

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differences in resources of endogenous factors (including human and social capital) determine the remaining differences in the levels of a development of countries and regions. One of WKHPDLQREMHFWLYHVRIDUHJLRQDOSROLF\LVWRVWLPXODWHWKHLQWHUQDOHQGRJHQRXVUHVRXUFHV

of a region.

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of capitals – human and social – on the regional development, would prove the existence of WKHOLQNEHWZHHQWKHOHYHORIWKHUHJLRQDOGHYHORSPHQWDQGWKHSRVVLELOLW\RILWVLQFUHDVLQJ

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sample of the adult population of the region – 1067 sample size of the respondents),

the local leaders of society – the representatives of the political and opinion-forming elite,

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WKHOHDGHUVRIWKHVRFLDOOLIHRIWKHUHJLRQDQGWKHHQWUHSUHQHXUVKHOSHGWRDQVZHUWKHTXHV- tion what was the size and resources of the human capital social capital in Podkarpackie and to what extent these capitals are used in the mechanism of the functioning of the social and the economic life of the region and its development.

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are characterized with lower levels of human capital resources. With a help of constructed IRUWKHQHHGVRIWKHUHVHDUFKWKH+XPDQ&DSLWDO4XDOLW\LQGLFDWRU+&4²LWFDQEHVDLGWKDW

the highest level of resources characterized the Rzeszów municipal county. The group of coun- WLHVZLWKKLJKOHYHOVRIKXPDQFDSLWDODUHàDĔFXWFRXQW\6DQRNFRXQW\5]HV]yZODQGFRXQW\

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is called the characteristics demographic potential of the regions. The second category of the indirect indica- WRUVGHVFULEHVDVRFLRHFRQRPLFDFWLYLW\RIWKHSRSXODWLRQ:LWKLQHDFKRIWKHVHWZREURDGFDWHJRULHVZHUH

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and socio-economic activity of the population in the counties. See: Kotarski 2011.

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level of the synthetic indexes of the measurement of the different dimensions of a social capital was associated with the age of the people, their level of education, employment status,

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Level of the Human Capital Quality indicator

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level of civic engagement and level of religious activities. The high level of education and the employment status of residents positively affected on the higher social capital resources.

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to the category of the great potential, which is practically not used in the development of the region. Using their activities for the development of the local community could lead to VLJQL¿FDQWHIIHFWVLQWKHIRUPRIFRQYHUVLRQRIVRFLDOFDSLWDOLQWKHFROOHFWLYHHFRQRPLFFDSLWDO³.

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potential of a human and social capital of the residents.

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4. SUMMARY

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development I assumed that the two forms of capitals are the essential theoretical categories LQWKHVRFLDOVFLHQFHV8QGHUVWDQGLQJWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQDKXPDQDQGDVRFLDOFDSLWDODQG

the development of the region may also have a practical dimension. The analysis of existing GDWDDQG¿HOGVWXGLHVFRQ¿UPWKHWKHVLVDVVXPHGDWWKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKLVSDSHU7KHUHVHDUFK

showed, in my opinion, a need to their continuation in other regions, and further research on WKHPHWKRGRORJLFDOFRQFHSWRIDPHWKRGRORJLFDOUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQDKXPDQDQGDVRFLDO

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concerned only the capital of the region. Extending research on the all regions of Eastern Poland and considering the results of studies carried out in Podkarpacie as the contemporary PDWHULDOZRXOGEHDQLQWHUHVWLQJDQGXVHIXOUHVHDUFKSURMHFW

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resources that can affect the important (from the point of view of a region) areas. The results RIP\HPSLULFDOVWXGLHVVKRZWKDWDKXPDQDQGDVRFLDOFDSLWDODUHUHVRXUFHVWKDWEULQJWR

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social energy of people. A variety of institutional actors, social organizations or individuals involved in the management of the local community would make its functioning in more ef-

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(8)

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