• Nie Znaleziono Wyników

Lithuanian undergraduate students' approaches to learning English for Specific Purposes

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

Share "Lithuanian undergraduate students' approaches to learning English for Specific Purposes"

Copied!
9
0
0

Pełen tekst

(1)

-RXUQDORI(GXFDWLRQ&XOWXUHDQG6RFLHW\1RB

469

Lithuanian undergraduate students’

approaches to learning English

for Specific Purposes

Nijolė Burkšaitienė

'HSDUWPHQWRI7UDQVODWLRQ6WXGLHV,QVWLWXWHIRU/LWHUDU\&XOWXUDODQG7UDQV

ODWLRQ6WXGLHV)DFXOW\RI3KLORORJ\9LOQLXV8QLYHUVLW\

8QLYHUVLWHWRJ/79LOQLXV/LWKXDQLD (PDLODGGUHVVQLMROHEXUNVDLWLHQH#ÁIYXOW ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3806-3392

Jolita Šliogerienė

'HSDUWPHQWRI)RUHLJQ/DQJXDJHV)DFXOW\&UHDWLYH,QGXVWULHV 9LOQLXV*HGLPLQDV7HFKQLFDO8QLYHUVLW\

6DXOŝWHNLRDO/79LOQLXV/LWKXDQLD E-mail address: jolita.sliogeriene@vilniustech.lt

ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-3200

Abstract

Aim.,WKDVEHHQHVWDEOLVKHGE\UHVHDUFKWKDWOHDUQHUV·DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJDQG

WRWKHOHDUQLQJFRQWH[WVLQZKLFKWKHSURFHVVRIOHDUQLQJRFFXUVSOD\DSLYRWDOUROHDWDOO

OHYHOVRIHGXFDWLRQ7HUWLDU\VWXGHQWV·DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJKDYHEHHQZLGHO\LQYHV

WLJDWHGDFURVVGLIIHUHQWÀHOGVRIVWXG\KRZHYHUOLWWOHNQRZQUHVHDUFKKDVIRFXVHGRQ

WKHLUDSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJIRUHLJQODQJXDJHV7KXVWRGHHSHQRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJLQ

WKLVÀHOGWKHSUHVHQWUHVHDUFKDLPVDWHVWDEOLVKLQJXQGHUJUDGXDWHVWXGHQWV·DSSURDFKHV

WROHDUQLQJ(QJOLVKIRU6SHFLÀF3XUSRVHV (63 LQDQLQVWLWXWLRQRIKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQLQ

/LWKXDQLD

Methods. 7KH LQYHVWLJDWLRQ ZDV FRQGXFWHG ZLWK WKH SDUWLFLSDWLRQ RI  XQGHU

JUDGXDWHVWXGHQWVPDMRUVLQGLIIHUHQWVWXG\SURJUDPPHVZKRWRRNDPDQGDWRU\

FRXUVHLQ(637KHGDWDZHUHFROOHFWHGIURPWKHVWUXFWXUHGTXHVWLRQQDLUHVWRFDUU\RXW

WKHUHVHDUFKTXDQWLWDWLYHUHVHDUFKPHWKRGVZHUHXVHG

Results.7KHUHVHDUFKUHYHDOHGWKDWVRPHVWXGHQWV·ORZHQJDJHPHQWLQWKHVWXG\

SURFHVVDQGWKHLULQWHQWLRQWROHDUQDVPXFKDVWRJHWDSDVVLQJJUDGHZDVWKHUHVXOW

RIVXUIDFHDSSURDFKWKDWWKH\XVHGWROHDUQLQJ(637KHÀQGLQJVDOVRGLVFORVHGDSRVL

WLYHFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKHVWXGHQWV·RUJDQLVHGDQGV\VWHPDWLFOHDUQLQJDQGSODQ

QLQJWKHLUVWXG\WLPHZKLFKOHGWRWKHDVVXPSWLRQWKDWWKHVHVWXGHQWVZHUHOLNHO\WR

XVHDGHHSDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJ(63)LQDOO\WKHVWDWLVWLFDOFDOFXODWLRQVSURYHGWKDW

WKHVWXGHQWVZKRVHDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJ(63ZDVGHHSZHUHDEOHWRVHOIUHJXODWHWKHLU

OHDUQLQJ

doi: 10.15503/jecs2021.1.469.477

(2)

Conclusion.7KHPDLQFRQFOXVLRQRIWKLVUHVHDUFKLVWKDWWKHSDUWLFLSDQWV·DSSURDFKHV

WROHDUQLQJ(63ZHUHERWKVXUIDFHDQGGHHS7KHUHVXOWVDOVRVXJJHVWHGWKDWVRPHVWX

GHQWVFRXOGEHGLUHFWHGWRZDUGVGHHSOHDUQLQJE\IRVWHULQJWKHLUHQJDJHPHQWLQWKH

VWXG\DFWLYLWLHV

Key wordsDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJGHHSOHDUQLQJVXUIDFHOHDUQLQJ(QJOLVKIRU6SH

FLÀF3XUSRVHVKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQ

Introduction

$

SSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJKDYHEHHQUHVHDUFKHGVLQFHWKHODWHV 0DUWRQ  6lOM|5DPVGHQ(QWZLVWOH%LJJV&DVH 0DUVKDOO

+D\6PLWK &ROE\3ULFH7ULJZHOO(OOLV +DQ

/LQGEORP<OlQQH3DUSDOD 3RVWDUHII7XRQRQHQ3DUSDOD /LQGEORP

<OlQQH 7KHFRQFHSWRI¶DQDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJ·RULJLQDOO\UHIHUUHGWRWKH

ZD\LQZKLFKVWXGHQWV ZKRZHUHXQGHUWKHH[SHULPHQWFRQGLWLRQV FDUULHGRXWD

VSHFLÀFOHDUQLQJ UHDGLQJ WDVN 0DUWRQ 6lOM|DVFLWHGLQ5DPVGHQ 

/DWHULQWKHVUHVHDUFKHUVVWDUWHGWRH[SORUHKRZVWXGHQWVDSSURDFKHGWKH

ZKROHFRXUVHWKHUHIRUHVLQFHWKHQWKHFRQFHSWKDVEHHQXVHGWRGHVFULEHWKH

ZD\VWXGHQWVOHDUQLQUHODWLRQVKLSWRDOHDUQLQJFRQWH[WDQGWKHLUUHVSRQVHWRWKDW

OHDUQLQJFRQWH[W &DVH 0DUVKDOO7XUQHU %DVNHUYLOOH 

,W KDV EHHQ UHSRUWHG LQ WKH OLWHUDWXUH WKDW VWXGHQWV· DSSURDFKHV WR OHDUQ

LQJFDQEHVXUIDFHGHHSRUDFKLHYLQJ DOVRFDOOHGVWUDWHJLF 7KHÀUVWDSSURDFK

PHDQVWKDWWKHVWXGHQWVHHNVWRIXOÀODJLYHQDVVLJQPHQWRUPHHWWKHUHTXLUH

PHQWV RI WKH FRXUVH LQ RUGHU WR SDVV WKH H[DPLQDWLRQ  ZLWKRXW FRQVLGHULQJ

RUTXHVWLRQLQJPXFKZKDWLVEHLQJOHDUQW7KLVDSSURDFKLVDVVRFLDWHGZLWK

URXWLQH PHPRULVDWLRQ RU UHSURGXFWLRQ RI PDWHULDO ZKLFK UHVXOWV LQ IUDJ

PHQWHGOHDUQLQJRXWFRPHVDQGWKHODFNRIFRQFHSWXDOXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIZKDW

ZDVOHDUQW (QWZLVWOH%HDWWLH,9&ROOLQV 0F,QQHV%LJJV

+DOO5DPVH\ 5DYHQ6WUX\YHQ'RFK\ -DQVVHQV/LQGEORP

<OlQQH3DUSDOD 3RVWDUHII7XRQRQHQ3DUSDOD /LQGEORP<OlQQH

 5HFHQWO\WKHWHUP¶XQUHÁHFWLYHDSSURDFK·KDVEHHQLQWURGXFHG´WRPRUH

GHHSO\GHVFULEHWKHVXUIDFHDSSURDFKLQWKHstFHQWXU\WDNLQJLQWRDFFRXQW

DQXQUHÁHFWLYHVWXG\SURFHVVDQGWKHLQDELOLW\WRIRUPDFRKHUHQWZKROHRIWKH

VXEMHFWµ /LQGEORP<OlQQH3DUSDOD 3RVWDUHIIDVFLWHGLQ7XRQRQHQ

3DUSDOD /LQGEORP<OlQQHS 

,QFRQWUDVWGHHSDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJLVGHVFULEHGDVWKHDSSURDFKDGRSWHG

E\WKHVWXGHQWVZKRDUHDFWLYHO\HQJDJHGLQWKHOHDUQLQJSURFHVV7KH\VHHN

WRXQGHUVWDQGZKDWLVEHLQJOHDUQWDQGWRVHHWKHSKHQRPHQDWKDWDUHEHLQJ

DQDO\VHGLQDZLGHUFRQWH[W7KHUHIRUHVXFKOHDUQLQJLVPHDQLQJIXODQGJHQHU

DOO\UHVXOWVLQKLJKTXDOLW\OHDUQLQJRXWFRPHVWKDWFRQVWLWXWHGHHSXQGHUVWDQG

LQJDQGHGXFDWLYHFRQFHSWXDOFKDQJH (QWZLVWOH%LJJV6WUX\YHQ

'RFK\ -DQVVHQV 

7KHWKLUGDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJLVWKHDFKLHYLQJRUVWUDWHJLFDSSURDFKLQWUR

GXFHGE\-RKQ%LJJV  DQG3DXO5DPVGHQ   DVFLWHGLQ(QWZLVWOH

S 7KHVWXGHQWVZKRXVHWKLVDSSURDFKVHHNWKHKLJKHVWJUDGHV7R

(3)

WKLVHQGWKH\RUJDQLVHWKHLUOHDUQLQJVRWKDWWRDOLJQLWZLWKWKHUHTXLUHPHQWV

WKH\KDYHWRPHHWLQRUGHUWRDFKLHYHWKHLUJRDO7KLVFDQUHVXOWLQWKHDZDUG

RIKLJKJUDGHVZLWKOLWWOHRUZLWKOLPLWHGXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIZKDWZDVOHDUQW

(QWZLVWOH6WUX\YHQ'RFK\ -DQVVHQV 

6WXGHQWV·DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJKDYHEHHQH[WHQVLYHO\UHVHDUFKHGDFURVV

GLIIHUHQWÀHOGVRIVWXG\LQFOXGLQJDFFRXQWLQJ HJ+DOO5DPVH\ 5DYHQ

7XUQHU %DVNHUYLOOH3KLOLSSV *UDHII HQJLQHHULQJ HJ

&DVH 0DUVKDOO ELRORJ\ HJ7ULJZHOO(OOLV +DQ7DO 7VDX

VKX DQGHSLGHPLRORJ\ HJ)LOLXVHWDO HWF5HVHDUFKHYLGHQFH

VXJJHVWV WKDW VWXGHQWV· YLHZV RI DVVHVVPHQW UHTXLUHPHQWV SOD\ DQ LPSRU

WDQWUROHUHJDUGLQJWKHLUFKRLFHRIDQDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJ 5DPVGHQ

6WUX\YHQ'RFK\ -DQVVHQV 7KXVIRULQVWDQFHVWUDWHJLFOHDUQHUVFDQ

VKLIWIURPGHHSWRVXUIDFHDSSURDFKLQWKRVHFDVHVZKHUHDVVHVVPHQWUHTXLUH

PHQWVOHDGWRPHPRULVDWLRQ2QWKHRWKHUKDQGVWXGHQWVZKRVHDSSURDFKWR

OHDUQLQJLVGHHSFDQXVHPHPRULVDWLRQWRUHLQIRUFHXQGHUVWDQGLQJZKLFKGRHV

QRWFRQVWLWXWHVXUIDFHDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJDVWKHLUJRDOLVVWLOOWRXQGHUVWDQG

(QWZLVWOH %HVLGHVLWKDVEHHQUHSRUWHGWKDWWKHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQW

LQFOXGLQJWHDFKLQJPHWKRGVFXUULFXODDVVHVVPHQWPHWKRGVDQGLQVWLWXWLRQDO

DWPRVSKHUHDOVRLQÁXHQFHVWXGHQWV·DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJ +DOO5DPVH\  5DYHQ&DVH 0DUVKDOO6KHUHU 6KHD0F'RZHOOHWDO

7XUQHU %DVNHUYLOOH3KLOOLSV *UDHII)LOLXVHWDO7DO  7VDXVKX/LQGEORP<OlQQH3DUSDOD 3RVWDUHII 

/LWHUDWXUHRYHUYLHZGHPRQVWUDWHVWKDWOLWWOHNQRZQUHVHDUFKKDVIRFXVHG

RQVWXGHQWV·DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJIRUHLJQODQJXDJHVDWWKHXQLYHUVLW\LQJHQ

HUDODQGLQSDUWLFXODURQVWXGHQWV·DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJ(63,QYHVWLJDWLQJ

WKLVLVVXHZRXOGGHHSHQ(63WHDFKHUV·XQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHLUVWXGHQWV·YLHZV

UHJDUGLQJWKHGLVFLSOLQHZKLFKZRXOGHQDEOHWKHPWRVXSSRUWWKRVHVWXGHQWV

ZKRPD\QHHGVRPHJXLGDQFHWRZDUGVDGHHSDSSURDFK7RFRQWULEXWHWRWKH

UHVHDUFK LQ WKLV ÀHOGWKH SUHVHQW UHVHDUFK ZDVFRQGXFWHGDW DXQLYHUVLW\LQ

/LWKXDQLD,WH[SORUHGDSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJ(63XVHGE\XQGHUJUDGX

DWHVWXGHQWV· PDMRUVLQVWXG\SURJUDPPHV LQPDQGDWRU\(63FRXUVHVWKDW

ZHUHLQOLQHZLWKWKHLUGLVFLSOLQH7KHGDWDIRUWKHSUHVHQWUHVHDUFKZHUHGUDZQ

IURPWKHVWUXFWXUHGTXHVWLRQQDLUHV7KHSUHVHQWVWXG\VWDUWVZLWKDQRYHUYLHZ

RIWKHUHOHYDQWOLWHUDWXUHZKLFKUHSRUWVRQSUHYLRXVLQYHVWLJDWLRQVLQWKHÀHOG

7KHUHVHDUFKPHWKRGRORJ\DVZHOODVUHVHDUFKOLPLWDWLRQDUHWKHQGLVFXVVHG

)LQDOO\WKHUHVXOWVRIWKLVVWXG\DUHUHSRUWHGDQGFRQFOXVLRQVGUDZQ7RFRQ

GXFWWKHUHVHDUFKDTXDQWLWDWLYHPHWKRGRORJ\LVXVHG

Literature overview

7KHOLWHUDWXUHRYHUYLHZVKRZVWKDWWKHPRVWUHFHQWUHVHDUFKKDVEHHQIRFXVHG

RQWKHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWDQGLWVLPSDFWRQVWXGHQWV·DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQ

LQJ +DOO5DPVH\ 5DYHQ&DVH 0DUVKDOO6KHUHU 6KHD

0F'RZHOOHWDO7XUQHU %DVNHUYLOOH3KLOOLSV *UDHII)LOLXV

(4)

HWDO7DO 7VDXVKX/LQGEORP<OlQQH3DUSDOD 3RVWDUHII ,W

KDVEHHQHVWDEOLVKHGWKDWWKHLQVWUXFWLRQDOFKDQJHIURPWHDFKHUFHQWUHGWHDFKLQJ

WRVWXGHQWFHQWUHGOHDUQLQJLQÁXHQFHVVWXGHQWV·DSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJ7RLOOXV

WUDWH7DOL7DODQG0DVKD7VDXVKX  LQWURGXFHGLQGLYLGXDOOHDUQLQJDQGSUR

MHFWEDVHGOHDUQLQJLQDQXQGHUJUDGXDWHOHFWXUHEDVHGELRORJ\FRXUVH7KHVKLIW

SURGXFHGHYLGHQFHIRUGHHSOHDUQLQJLQFOXGLQJSURGXFLQJVWXGHQWJHQHUDWHG

LGHDVDVNLQJPHDQLQJIXOTXHVWLRQVDQGFRQQHFWLQJQHZNQRZOHGJHWRNQRZO

HGJHRIWKHLURZQÀHOG6LPLODUÀQGLQJVZHUHUHSRUWHGE\LQYHVWLJDWLRQVFRQ

GXFWHGLQDFFRXQWLQJVWXGLHV +DOO5DPVH\ 5DYHQ3KLOOLSVDQG*UDHII

7XUQHUDQG%DVNHUYLOOH )RUH[DPSOH0DWWKHZ+DOO$ODQ5DPVH\

DQG-RKQ5DYHQ  IRXQGWKDWWKHLQWURGXFWLRQRIJURXSEDVHGSUREOHPVROY

LQJDFWLYLWLHVLQDQLQWURGXFWRU\ÀQDQFLDODFFRXQWLQJFRXUVHUHGXFHGVWXGHQWV·

VXUIDFHDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJDQGIRVWHUHGWKHLUGHHSDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJ6LPL

ODUO\0DU\3KLOOLSVDQG7LPRWK\*UDHII·V  ÀQGLQJVVKRZHGWKDWDQLQFODVV

VLPXODWLRQXVHGLQVWHDGRIWKHWUDGLWLRQDOOHFWXUHIRUPDWLQDFFRXQWLQJFODVVHVIRU

XQGHUJUDGXDWHEXVLQHVVVWXGHQWVKHOSHGWKHPWREHWWHUXQGHUVWDQGWKHSULQFL

SOHVRIDFFRXQWLQJDQGFUHDWHGDPRUHSRVLWLYHDWWLWXGHWRZDUGVWKHGLVFLSOLQH

7KHOLWHUDWXUHRYHUYLHZDOVRUHYHDOHGWKDWGHHSDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJFDQEH

VXSSRUWHGE\FKDQJHVLQDVVHVVPHQW)RULQVWDQFH/L]0F'RZHOO'HOL:DNH

OLQ&DWKHULQH0RQWJRPHU\DQG6DUD.LQJ  LQYHVWLJDWHGWKHLPSDFWRI

DVVHVVPHQWSUDFWLFHVRQVWXGHQWOHDUQLQJDFURVVGLIIHUHQWPRGXOHVDWDXQL

YHUVLW\LQWKH8.7KHLUÀQGLQJVGHPRQVWUDWHGWKDWWKHPRGXOHGHVLJQZKLFK

LQFOXGHGDZHOOEDODQFHGIRUPDWLYHDQGVXPPDWLYHDVVHVVPHQWDQGWKHVWDII

VXSSRUWSURYLGHGWRWKHVWXG\SDUWLFLSDQWVZHUHWKHIDFWRUVWKDWIRVWHUHGWKHLU

GHHS DSSURDFK WR OHDUQLQJ $ORQJ VLPLODU OLQHV 0DUWLQ 7XUQHU DQG 5DFKHO

%DVNHUYLOOH·V  ÀQGLQJVVKRZHGWKDWRULJLQDODVVHVVPHQWWDVNVWDLORUHGLQ

OLQHZLWKDFFRXQWLQJVWXGHQWV·QHHGVDQGUHJXODUIRUPDWLYHDQGVXPPDWLYH

IHHGEDFNSURYLGHGWRWKHPWKURXJKRXWWKHFRXUVHVXSSRUWHGGHHSOHDUQLQJ

,WKDVEHHQDOVRUHSRUWHGLQWKHOLWHUDWXUHWKDWWKHUHH[LVWOLQNVEHWZHHQVWX

GHQWV· DSSURDFKHV WR OHDUQLQJ WKHLU OHDUQLQJ RXWFRPHV DQG WKHLU HPRWLRQDO

H[SHULHQFH)RULQVWDQFH.HLWK7ULJZHOO5REHUW(OOLVDQG)HLIHL+DQ  HVWDE

OLVKHGWKDWWKHXQGHUJUDGXDWHELRORJ\VWXGHQWVZKRH[SHULHQFHGPRUHSRVLWLYH

HPRWLRQVUHJDUGLQJWKHFRXUVHXVHGGHHSDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJ7KHDXWKRUVDOVR

IRXQG WKDW WKH VWXGHQWV ZKRVH DFKLHYHPHQWV ZHUH KLJK H[SHULHQFHG SRVLWLYH

HPRWLRQVUHJDUGLQJWKHFRXUVHDQGXVHGGHHSDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJLW2QWKH

RWKHUKDQGWKHUHVXOWVDOVRVKRZHGWKDWWKHVWXGHQWVZKRVHHPRWLRQDOH[SHUL

HQFHVZHUHQHJDWLYHKDGORZJUDGHVDQGXVHGVXUIDFHDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJ,Q

DQRWKHUVWXG\7DUMD7XRQRQHQ$QQD3DUSDODDQG6DUL/LQGEORP<OlQQH   LQYHVWLJDWHGWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQJUDGXDWHVWXGHQWV·DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJ

DQGWKHLUVHOIHYDOXDWLRQRIWKHOHDUQLQJRXWFRPHVDFKLHYHGDVWKHUHVXOWRIWKHLU

XQLYHUVLW\VWXGLHV,WZDVIRXQGWKDWWKRVHVWXGHQWVZKRXVHGGHHSDSSURDFKWR

OHDUQLQJZHUHPRUHRUJDQLVHGDQGVHOIHYDOXDWHGWKHLUOHDUQLQJRXWFRPHVPRUH

KLJKO\WKDQWKRVHZKRXVHGVXUIDFHDSSURDFK

$VOLWWOHNQRZQUHVHDUFKKDVEHHQIRFXVHGRQWKHZD\VKRZXQLYHUVLW\VWX

GHQWV DSSURDFK OHDUQLQJ (QJOLVK IRU 6SHFLÀF 3XUSRVHV WKH SUHVHQW UHVHDUFK

(5)

DLPVWRÀOOWKLVJDSDQGWRFRQWULEXWHWRNQRZOHGJHLQWKHÀHOGE\DQDO\VLQJ

/LWKXDQLDQVWXGHQWV·DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJWKLVVXEMHFW

Methodology

7KHSUHVHQWUHVHDUFKDLPVWRHVWDEOLVKWKHZD\VLQZKLFKXQGHUJUDGXDWH

VWXGHQWVDSSURDFKOHDUQLQJ(QJOLVKIRU6SHFLÀF3XUSRVHVDFURVVPDQGDWRU\

(63FRXUVHVWKDWDUHLQOLQHZLWKGLIIHUHQWVXEMHFWGLVFLSOLQHV7KHUHVHDUFKZDV

FRQGXFWHGZLWKWKHSDUWLFLSDWLRQRIÀUVW\HDUXQGHUJUDGXDWHVWXGHQWV 

PDOHVDQGIHPDOHV ZKRVWXGLHG(QJOLVKIRU6SHFLÀF3XUSRVHVLQVWXG\

SURJUDPPHVDWDXQLYHUVLW\LQ/LWKXDQLD

Methods

7KHPDLQUHVHDUFKPHWKRGVXVHGLQWKHSUHVHQWVWXG\LQFOXGHGWKHDQDO\VLV

RIUHOHYDQWUHVHDUFKOLWHUDWXUHDQGTXDQWLWDWLYHUHVHDUFKPHWKRGV7KHÀUVWSDUW

RIWKHVWUXFWXUHGTXHVWLRQQDLUHGHVLJQHGE\0F'RZHOO:DNHOLQ0RQWJRPHU\

DQG.LQJ S ZDVXVHGDVWKHLQVWUXPHQWXVHGLQWKHVWXG\

7KH GDWD FROOHFWHG WKURXJK WKH VWUXFWXUHG IHHGEDFN TXHVWLRQQDLUHV ZHUH

DQDO\VHGXVLQJWKH/LNHUWW\SHVFDOHRIPHDVXUHPHQWDQGVWDWLVWLFDOGDWDDQDO\

VLVPHWKRGV 6366YHUVLRQ LQFOXGLQJWKHDQDO\VLVRIYDULDQFH $129$  DQGWKHVWDWLVWLFDODQDO\VLVIRUWKHHVWLPDWLRQRIFRUUHODWLRQEHWZHHQYDULDEOHV

3HDUVRQ FRUUHODWLRQ  7R HVWDEOLVK WKH FRQVLVWHQF\ RI WKH TXHVWLRQV IRU WKH

VDPSOH&URQEDFKalphaFRHIÀFLHQWZDVXVHGDQGDKLJKOHYHORILQWHUQDOFRQ

VLVWHQF\ZDVHVWDEOLVKHG &URQEDFKalpha  

7KHSDUWLFLSDQWV·GHPRJUDSKLFGDWDUHJDUGLQJWKHLUJHQGHUDQGWKHVWXG\

SURJUDPPHZHUHH[FOXGHGIURPWKHFDOFXODWLRQVDVWKH\GLGQRWKDYHDQLQWHU

QDOFRUUHODWLRQZLWKRUVLJQLÀFDQFHWRWKHUHVHDUFKUHVXOWV

Research limitation

7KHOLPLWDWLRQRIWKHSUHVHQWUHVHDUFKLVLWVVFRSHLHWKHLQYHVWLJDWLRQZDV

FRQGXFWHGDWRQHXQLYHUVLW\LQ/LWKXDQLDWKHUHIRUHWKLVOLPLWDWLRQGRHVQRW

DOORZIRUZLGHVFDOHJHQHUDOLVDWLRQV

Results

7KH SUHVHQW UHVHDUFK DLPHG WR HVWDEOLVK  XQGHUJUDGXDWH VWXGHQWV·

DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJ(63DWWKHXQLYHUVLW\E\H[SORULQJWKHLUHQJDJHPHQW

LQWKHVWXG\DFWLYLWLHVZLOOLQJQHVVWRJREH\RQGWKHWDVNDQGWKHDELOLW\WRVHOI

UHJXODWH WKHLU OHDUQLQJ 7KH UHVXOWV LQGLFDWH WKDW WKH VWXGHQWV GHPRQVWUDWHG

ERWKVXUIDFHDQGGHHSDSSURDFKHV

6XUIDFHDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJ(63ZDVHVWDEOLVKHGE\DQDO\VLQJWKHUHODWLRQV

EHWZHHQWKHYDULDEOHVVKRZLQJWKHOHYHORIGLIÀFXOW\WRUHPHPEHUWKLQJVDQG

ZLOOLQJQHVVWRUHDGPRUHWKDQLWZDVUHTXLUHG r  p  7KLVVWDWLVWL

FDOO\VLJQLÀFDQWFRUUHODWLRQLQGLFDWHGWKDWWKHVWXGHQWVZKRIRXQGGLIÀFXOWLHVLQ

OHDUQLQJ(63WHQGHGWRHQJDJHLQWKHWDVNRQO\DVPXFKDVLWZDVQHHGHGWRFRSH

(6)

ZLWKWKHWDVNRUWKHFRXUVHUHTXLUHPHQWV7KHUHVHDUFKUHVXOWVDOVRUHYHDOHGWKDW

DVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLÀFDQWFRUUHODWLRQZDVIRXQGEHWZHHQWKHYDULDEOHV´UHDGLQJ

YHU\OLWWOHµDQG´VWXG\LQJMXVWIRUDVVLJQPHQWVµ r  p  VXJJHVW

LQJWKDWWKHVHVWXGHQWV·HQJDJHPHQWLQWKHVWXG\SURFHVVZDVORZDQGWKDWWKHLU

LQWHQWLRQZDVWROHDUQDVPXFKDVWRJHWDSDVVLQJJUDGH

$QRWKHUIHDWXUHRIVXUIDFHOHDUQLQJLVPHPRULVDWLRQRUDSSO\LQJOHDUQLQJ

PHWKRGVWKDWGRQRWLQYROYHUHÁHFWLRQ,WKDVEHHQPHQWLRQHGDERYHWKDWWKH

WHUP¶XQUHÁHFWLYHDSSURDFK·DOVRUHIHUVWRVXUIDFHDSSURDFK6XFKDQDSSURDFK

ZDVDOVRLGHQWLÀHGLQWKHSUHVHQWUHVHDUFKDVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLÀFDQWFRUUHODWLRQ

ZDVHVWDEOLVKHGEHWZHHQWKHYDULDEOHV´OHDUQLQJZLWKRXWVHHLQJPXFKµDQG

´QRWUHODWHGSLHFHVLQPLQGµ r  p  LQGLFDWLQJWKDWWKHPRUH

XQUHÁHFWLYHOHDUQLQJLVWKHPRUHLWUHVXOWVLQIUDJPHQWHGOHDUQLQJRXWFRPHV

7KHUHVHDUFKÀQGLQJVUHJDUGLQJWKHYDULDEOHV´UHDGLQJYHU\OLWWOHµDQG´QRW

UHODWHGSLHFHVLQPLQGµ r  p  VXJJHVWWKDWWKHOHVVVWXGHQWV

UHDGIRUWKHVXEMHFWWKHPRUHIUDJPHQWHGWKHLUOHDUQLQJRXWFRPHVDUH7KXVLW

LVOLNHO\WKDWWKHVWXGHQWVZKRGLGQRWUHÁHFWRQWKHLUOHDUQLQJIRXQGLWGLIÀFXOW

WRUHODWHFRQFHSWVDQDO\VHDQGV\QWKHVLVHZKDWZDVOHDUQW

6XUIDFHDSSURDFKLVDOVRFKDUDFWHULVHGE\VWXGHQWV·DWWHPSWWRUHPHPEHU

IDFWVDQGGHWDLOVRUVRPHELWVRILQIRUPDWLRQ7KHUHVHDUFKUHYHDOHGWKDW

RI WKH UHVSRQGHQWV DJUHHG DQG  VWURQJO\ DJUHHG ZLWK WKH VWDWHPHQW WKDW

ZKLOHOHDUQLQJWKH\IRFXVHGRQO\RQWKHLQIRUPDWLRQWKDWWKH\KDGWRNQRZLQ

RUGHUWRSDVVWKHH[DPLQDWLRQ,WZDVDOVRIRXQGWKDWRIWKHUHVSRQGHQWV

DJUHHGDQGVWURQJO\DJUHHGZLWKWKHVWDWHPHQWWKDWWKH\OHDUQWZLWKRXW

TXHVWLRQLQJPXFKZKDWWKH\ZHUHWDXJKWGHPRQVWUDWLQJWKDWWKH\XVHGVXU

IDFHDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJDVWKH\GLGQRWWU\WRHVWDEOLVKWKHPHDQLQJRIZKDW

ZDVOHDUQW VHH)LJXUH 6XUSULVLQJO\RQO\DERXWRIWKHUHVSRQVHVWRWKLV

VWDWHPHQWZHUH¶GLVDJUHH·RU¶VWURQJO\GLVDJUHH·

Fig. 16WXGHQWV·ZLOOLQJQHVVWRTXHVWLRQZKDWWKH\ZHUHWDXJKW

Source:WKHDXWKRUV·UHVHDUFK

(7)

$QDO\VLQJ VWXGHQWV· DSSURDFKHV WR OHDUQLQJ (63 WKHLU VHOIUHJXODWLRQ ZDV

DOVRWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWZLWKDVSHFLDOIRFXVRQRQHDVSHFWLHWKHLUVHOISDFLQJLQ

OHDUQLQJ$VWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLÀFDQWFRUUHODWLRQZDVIRXQGEHWZHHQWKHYDULDEOHV

LQGLFDWLQJKRZRUJDQLVHGDQGV\VWHPDWLFVWXGHQWVZHUHLQWKHLUVWXGLHVDQGKRZ

WKH\RUJDQLVHGWKHLUVWXG\WLPH r  p  7KLVÀQGLQJVXJJHVWVWKDW

WKHPRUHRUJDQLVHGWKHVWXGHQWVZHUHWKHPRUHV\VWHPDWLFWKH\ZHUHLQWKHLU

VWXG\LQJZKLFKOHDGVWRDQDVVXPSWLRQWKDWWKHVWXGHQWVZKRRUJDQLVHGWKHLU

VWXG\WLPHKDGDWHQGHQF\WRXVHDGHHSDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJ(63

+DYLQJ FDOFXODWHG WKH SHUFHQWDJH IRU WKH YDULDEOHV ´ORRNLQJ DW HYLGHQFH

LQRUGHUWRUHDFKDFRQFOXVLRQµ´ÀQGLQJEHWWHUZD\VµDQG´WU\LQJDGLIIHUHQW

DSSURDFKµFKDUDFWHULVLQJGHHSDSSURDFKWRZDUGVOHDUQLQJLWZDVIRXQG VHH

)LJXUH WKDWPRUHWKDQKDOIRIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVGHPRQVWUDWHGWKHLUHQJDJH

PHQWLQVWXGLHVE\FRQVLGHULQJHYLGHQFHLQRUGHUWRUHDFKDFRQFOXVLRQ 

DJUHHGDQGVWURQJO\DJUHHG E\WU\LQJWRÀQGEHWWHUZD\VZKLOHORRNLQJ

IRULQIRUPDWLRQ DJUHHGDQGVWURQJO\DJUHHG DQGE\WKHLURZQ

LQLWLDWLYHWRWU\DGLIIHUHQWDSSURDFKLIWKH\IRXQGLWGLIÀFXOWWRXQGHUVWDQG

WKLQJVZKLOHOHDUQLQJ DJUHHGDQGVWURQJO\DJUHHG 

Fig. 2.9DULDEOHVRIGHHSDSSURDFKWRZDUGVOHDUQLQJ(63

Source:WKHDXWKRUV·UHVHDUFK

,WLVDOVRZRUWKQRWLFLQJWKDWRQO\DERXWRIWKHUHVSRQGHQWVVWURQJO\

GLVDJUHHGRUGLVDJUHHGZLWKWKHVHVWDWHPHQWVWKXVGHPRQVWUDWLQJWKDWWKH\

ZHUHQRWPXFKHQJDJHGLQVHDUFKLQJIRUGLIIHUHQWZD\VRIOHDUQLQJRUWU\LQJD

GLIIHUHQWDSSURDFK

7RGHÀQHWKHVWDWLVWLFDOYDOLGLW\RIGLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQGHHSDQGVXUIDFH

DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJ(63WKH&KL4XDGUDWHFULWHULRQRISRO\QRPLDOGLVWUL

EXWLRQVZDVDSSOLHG7KHÀQGLQJVVXJJHVWWKDWWKHYDOXHVRI&KL4XDGUDWHIRU

(8)

WKHJURXSRIVWXGHQWVZKRZRXOGWDNHDGLIIHUHQWDSSURDFKZKHQVWXG\LQJ

VKRZVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLÀFDQWGLIIHUHQFHV&KL4XDGUDWHFULWHULRQRISRO\QRPLDO

GLVWULEXWLRQVGHPRQVWUDWHGDVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLÀFDQWGLIIHUHQFHRIWKHUHVXOWV

EHWZHHQWKHVWXGHQWVZKRIRXQGLWYHU\LPSRUWDQWWRORRNIRUDUJXPHQWVRU

UHDVRQVZKLOHVWXG\LQJ [ p  DQGZKRUHODWHGLGHDVWRSUDFWLFDO

VLWXDWLRQV [ p  7KXVWKHVWDWLVWLFDOFDOFXODWLRQVSURYHGWKDWWKH

VWXGHQWVZKRVHDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJ(63ZDVGHHSZHUHDEOHWRVHOIUHJXODWH

WKHLUVWXG\LQJ

Discussion and conclusions

7KHSUHVHQWLQYHVWLJDWLRQDLPHGWRHVWDEOLVK/LWKXDQLDQXQGHUJUDGXDWHVWX

GHQWV·DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJ(63DWWKHXQLYHUVLW\E\H[SORULQJWKHLUHQJDJH

PHQWLQWKHVWXG\DFWLYLWLHVWKHLUZLOOLQJQHVVWRJREH\RQGWKHWDVNDQGWKH

DELOLW\WRVHOIUHJXODWHWKHLUVWXG\LQJ7KHPDLQFRQFOXVLRQRIWKLVUHVHDUFKLV

WKDWWKHSDUWLFLSDQWV·DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJ(63ZHUHERWKVXUIDFHDQGGHHS

0RUH VSHFLÀFDOO\ WKH ÀQGLQJV UHYHDOHG WKDW ZKLOH VWXG\LQJ (63 DOPRVW

KDOIRIWKHVWXG\SDUWLFLSDQWVWULHGWROHDUQRQO\WKRVHELWVRILQIRUPDWLRQWKDW

ZHUHUHTXLUHGLQRUGHUWRSDVVZKLFKVKRZVWKDWWKH\XVHGVXUIDFHDSSURDFK

7KLVÀQGLQJZDVVXSSRUWHGE\DVWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLÀFDQWFRUUHODWLRQHVWDEOLVKHG

EHWZHHQWKHYDULDEOHVVKRZLQJWKHOHYHORIGLIÀFXOW\WRUHPHPEHUWKLQJVDQG

ZLOOLQJQHVVWRUHDGPRUHWKDQLWZDVUHTXLUHGIRUH[DPLQDWLRQVDQGWDVNV7KH

DQDO\VLV RI VWXGHQWV· ZLOOLQJQHVV WR JR EH\RQG WKH WDVN VKRZHG WKDW DOPRVW

RIVWXGHQWVZHUHVWXG\LQJZLWKRXWTXHVWLRQLQJPXFKZKDWZDVEHLQJ

WDXJKW 7KLV UHVXOW ZDV VXSSRUWHG E\ WKH VWDWLVWLFDOO\ VLJQLÀFDQW FRUUHODWLRQ

EHWZHHQ WKH GLIÀFXOW\ VWXGHQWV KDG LQ XQGHUVWDQGLQJ ZKHUH WKHLU VWXG\LQJ

ZDVJRLQJDQGWKHLQDELOLW\WRPDNHDZKROHSLFWXUHRIWKHVXEMHFW (63 7KHVH

ÀQGLQJVDUHLQOLQHZLWKWKHGHÀQLWLRQRIVXUIDFHDSSURDFKSURYLGHGE\PDQ\

UHVHDUFKHUV (QWZLVWOH  %HDWWLH ,9 &ROOLQV  0F,QQHV  7ULJZHOO

(OOLV +DQ 

2QWKHRWKHUKDQGWKHDQDO\VLVRIYDULDEOHVUHJDUGLQJVWXGHQWV·HQJDJH

PHQWLQVWXG\LQJ(63VKRZHGWKDWRIVWXG\SDUWLFLSDQWVVWXGLHGWKHHYL

GHQFHFDUHIXOO\EHIRUHWKH\UHDFKHGWKHLURZQFRQFOXVLRQVRIWKHPWULHG

WRHPSOR\EHWWHUZD\VZKLOHORRNLQJIRULQIRUPDWLRQDQGWULHGDGLI

IHUHQWDSSURDFKLIWKH\GLGQRWXQGHUVWDQGWKLQJVZHOOHQRXJKLQWKHFRXUVH

7KHVHÀQGLQJVZHUHVWUHQJWKHQHGE\VWDWLVWLFDOO\VLJQLÀFDQWFRUUHODWLRQVHVWDE

OLVKHG EHWZHHQ WKH VWXGHQWV· DELOLW\ WR VHOIUHJXODWH WKHLU VWXG\ SURFHVV DQG

WKHLU DSSURDFKHV WR OHDUQLQJ (63 ZKLFK GHPRQVWUDWHG WKHLU DFWLYH HQJDJH

PHQWZLWKWKHVXEMHFW (63 7KHVHUHVXOWVDUHLQDFFRUGZLWKWKHGHÀQLWLRQRI

GHHSDSSURDFKWROHDUQLQJZKLFKLVFKDUDFWHULVHGDVPHDQLQJIXOOHDUQLQJDQG

DV OHDUQLQJ DLPHG DW XQGHUVWDQGLQJ (QWZLVWOH  %LJJV  6WUX\YHQ

'RFK\ -DQVVHQV 

)LQDOO\VLQFHWKHÀQGLQJVRIWKLVUHVHDUFKLOOXVWUDWHWKDWDQXPEHURIVWX

GHQWVOHDUQW(63RQO\DVPXFKDVLWZDVUHTXLUHGWRPHHWWKHUHTXLUHPHQWVRI

(9)

WKHPDQGDWRU\FRXUVHDQGWRSDVVWKHH[DPLQDWLRQLWLVUHFRPPHQGHGWRJXLGH

WKHPWRZDUGVGHHSOHDUQLQJE\VXSSRUWLQJWKHPDQGIRVWHULQJWKHLUHQJDJH

PHQWLQWKHFRXUVH7KHUHOHYDQWUHVHDUFKVXJJHVWVWKDWWKLVFDQEHDFKLHYHGE\

LQWURGXFLQJJURXSEDVHGDQGLQGLYLGXDOLVHGOHDUQLQJ +DOO5DPVH\ 5DYHQ

7DO 7VDXVKX E\SURYLGLQJVWXGHQWVZLWKUHJXODUIRUPDWLYHDQG

VXPPDWLYH IHHGEDFN 7XUQHU  %DVNHUYLOOH   DQG ZLWK WHDFKHU VXSSRUW

0F'RZHOOHWDO 

7KHSUHVHQWUHVHDUFKLVQRYHODVLWLVRQHRIWKHÀUVWLQYHVWLJDWLRQVLQ/LWKX

DQLDZKLFKIRFXVHVRQXQGHUJUDGXDWHVWXGHQWV·DSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJ(63

7KHVWXG\FRQWULEXWHVWRWKHOLWHUDWXUHDVLWLQFUHDVHVRXUXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKH

DSSURDFKHV WKDW VWXGHQWV HQUROOHG LQ GLIIHUHQW %DFKHORU SURJUDPPHV UHSUH

VHQWLQJGLIIHUHQWGLVFLSOLQHVXVHZKLOHOHDUQLQJ(63DWWKHXQLYHUVLW\

References

>@ %HDWWLH,99&ROOLQV% 0F,QQHV%  'HHSDQGVXUIDFHOHDUQLQJDVLPSOHRUVLPSOL

VWLFGLFKRWRP\"Accounting Education, 6  GRL

>@ %LJJV-  :KDWWKHVWXGHQWGRHVWHDFKLQJIRUHQKDQFHGOHDUQLQJHigher Education Rese- arch & Development, 18  

>@ &DVH- 0DUVKDOO'  %HWZHHQGHHSDQGVXUIDFHSURFHGXUDODSSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJ

LQHQJLQHHULQJHGXFDWLRQFRQWH[WVStudies in Higher Education, 29  GRL



>@ (QWZLVWOH1  $SSURDFKHVWROHDUQLQJDQGIRUPVRIXQGHUVWDQGLQJ,Q%'DUW *

%RXOWRQ/HZLV (GV  Teaching and learning in higher education: From theory to practice SS

 0HOERXUQH$XVWUDOLDQ&RXQFLOIRU(GXFDWLRQDO5HVHDUFK

>@ )LOLXV50GH.OHLMQ5$08LMO6*3ULQV)-YDQ5LMHQ+90 *UREEHH'(

 6WUHQJWKHQLQJGLDORJLFSHHUIHHGEDFNDLPLQJIRUGHHSOHDUQLQJLQ632&VComputers &

Education, 125  

>@ +DOO05DPVH\$ 5DYHQ-  &KDQJLQJWKHOHDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWWRSURPRWHGHHS

OHDUQLQJDSSURDFKHVLQÀUVW\HDUDFFRXQWLQJVWXGHQWVAccounting Education, 13  GR L

>@ +D\'%  8VLQJFRQFHSWPDSVWRPHDVXUHGHHSVXUIDFHDQGQRQOHDUQLQJRXWFRPHV

Studies in Higher Education, 32  GRL

>@ /LQGEORP<OlQQH63DUSDOD$ 3RVWDUHII/  :KDWFRQVWLWXWHVWKHVXUIDFHDSSURDFK

WROHDUQLQJLQWKHOLJKWRIQHZHPSLULFDOHYLGHQFH" Studies in Higher Education, 44( 

GRL

>@ 0F'RZHOO/:DNHOLQ'0RQWJRPHU\& .LQJ6  'RHVDVVHVVPHQWIRUOHDUQLQJ

PDNH D GLIIHUHQFH" 7KH GHYHORSPHQW RI D TXHVWLRQQDLUH WR H[SORUH WKH VWXGHQW UHVSRQVH

Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 26  GRL

>@ 3KLOLSV0( *UDHII75  8VLQJLQFODVVVLPXODWLRQLQWKHÀUVWDFFRXQWLQJFODVV

PRYLQJIURPVXUIDFHWRGHHSOHDUQLQJJournal of Education for Business, 89  GRL



>@ 3ULFH /  'HFHPEHU   Modelling factors for predicting student learning outcomes in higher education >&RQIHUHQFH SUHVHQWDWLRQ@ /HDUQLQJ LQ WUDQVLWLRQ GLPHQVLRQDOLW\ YDOLGLW\

DQGGHYHORSPHQWVFLHQWLÀFUHVHDUFKQHWZRUNFRQIHUHQFH'HFHPEHU8QLYHUVLW\RI

$QWZHUS%HOJLXP

>@ KWWSZZZXDDFEHPDLQDVS["F /($51,1*,175$16,7,21 Q 

>@ 5DPVGHQ3  ,PSURYLQJWHDFKLQJDQGOHDUQLQJLQKLJKHUHGXFDWLRQ7KHFDVHIRUDUHOD

WLRQDOSHUVSHFWLYHStudies in Higher Education, 12  GRL



>@ 6KHUHU3 6KHD7  8VLQJRQOLQHYLGHRWRVXSSRUWVWXGHQWOHDUQLQJDQGHQJDJHPHQW

College Teaching, 59  

Cytaty

Powiązane dokumenty