Skarb z okresu wędrówek ludów z Karlina, pow. białogardzki

BULLETIN ARCHéOLOGIQUE POLONAIS

WIAdOmOśCI

AR CHE OLO GICz NE

Państwowe MuzeuM archeologiczne

w

warszawie

WARSzAWA 2011 vARSOvIE

TOm (vOL.) LXII

2011

W

IA

d

O

m

O

śCI

A

RCHEOLOGIC

z

NE

LXII

Indeks 38205/38108

PL ISSN 0043-5082

okladka glowna.indd 1 2011-12-18 13:21:30

WIADOMO?CI

ARCHEOLOGICZNE

Redaguje zespó? / Editorial staff:

dr _{Jacek Andrzejowski (sekretarz redakcji} / _managing editor), dr _Wojciech Brzezi?ski _{(redaktor naczelny} / editor in _chief),

prof. dr hab. Teresa _{D?browska (zast?pczyni} redaktora _naczelnego / subeditor), mgr Gra?yna Orli?ska,

mgr Rados?aw Prochowicz, mgr Barbara Sa?aci?ska, mgr Andrzej Jacek Tomaszewski, mgr Katarzyna Watemborska

Recenzenci tomu / Peer-reviewed _by:

dr Adam Cie?li?ski, _prof. dr hab. _Andrzej Kokowski, _prof. dr hab. _{Magdalena M?czy?ska,}

prof. dr hab. _Wojciech Nowakowski, dr _Judyta Rodzi?ska-Nowak, dr _Wojciech Wróblewski

T?umaczenia / Translations: Anna Kinecka Jacek Andrzej owski

Jan Schuster

Sk?ad i ?amanie / Layout:

JRJ

Rycina na ok?adce: _{zapinka typu} Zachow z _{Pr?gowa Dolnego. Rys.} L. _Kobyli?ska

Cover _picture: brooch _type Zachow from _Pr?gowo Dolne. Drawn _by L. _Kobyli?ska

© Pa?stwowe Muzeum _{Archeologiczne} wWarszawie, 2011

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WIADOMO?CI

ARCHEOLOGICZNE

Tom

_(VoL)

LXII

SPIS

TRE?CI

Contents ROZPRAWY Renata Ma d

_yd

a - L e_{gu tko,}

_Judyta

Ro d zi ? ska - N

o _{wak, Joanna} Z

_agó

r ska -Te l

e _{ga, Uwagi} o

_chronologii

i _{rozwoju przestrzennym}

_cmentarzyska

_kultury

_przeworskiej

w _Opatowie, stan. 1, _woj.

?l?skie

3

On the _Chronology and _{Spatial Development} of the Przeworsk Culture _Cemetery at _Opatów, site 1, Silesian Voiv.

MISCELLANEA

Jacek A n d r z_ej ow s_ki, Tomasz Rako w_{ski, Katarzyna} Wa te mb o r s_ka, Grób z _ostrogami z

_nekropoli

kultury

wielbarskiej

w

_Jartyporach

nad Liwcem 49

An _Exceptional Grave with _Spurs in the _Cemetery ofWielbark Culture at _Jartypory on the Liwiec River

Jan S chu st er, Przek?uwacze _typu Dresden -Dobritz / ?erniki Wielkie.

Uwagi na temat

_narz?dzi

z

_pó?nego

okresu

_rzymskiego

i _wczesnej

_fazy

okresu

_w?drówek

ludów 65

Ahlen vom _Typ Dresden-Dobritz / ?erniki Wielkie.

Zu Ceraten der _spaten romisohen Kaiserzeit und der fruhen _{Volkerwanderungszcit} Awls _Type Dresden-Dobritz / ?erniki Wielkie.

Some Remarks on _Implements from the Late Roman and _{Early Migration} Period

MATERIA?Y

Piotr Iw a n ic_{k i,}

_Cmentarzysko

_kultury

_przeworskiej

w _miej scowo?ci Ca?owanie, gm. Karczew,

woj. mazowieckie, st. XXVI 83

A _Cemetery of Przeworsk Culture at Ca?owanie, comm. Karczew, Mazowieckie Voiv., Site XXVI

Agata W i? n ie w s k a,

_Materia?y

z

_cmentarzyska

w Le?niewie, pow.

k?trzy?ski

(dawne Furstenau, Kr.

_Rastenburg)

The _{Archaeological} Record from the _Cemetery at _Le?niewo, Distr. _K?trzyn (Former Furstenau, Kr. _Rastenburg)

119

Marcin Wo? n iak,

_Cmentarzysko

_kultury

_wielbarskiej

w Koz?ówku, _pow. nidzicki (d. Klein Koslau, Kreis

_Neidenburg)

w ?wietle

_publikacji

i materia?ów

_archiwalnych

169

The Wielbark Culture _Cemetery at Koz?ówko, Distr. Nidzica _(Former Klein Koslau, Kreis _Neidenburg) Reconstructed from Publication and Archival Records

Rozalia

_Ty

b u l e w ic z, A Hoard from the _Migration Period from Karlino _(North- Western _Poland)

Skarb z okresu _w?drówek ludów z Karlina, pow. bia?ogardzki

209

ODKRYCIA

?ukasz Kar c z m a _rek,

_Sztylet

_br?zowy

z

_po?udniowego

Mazowsza

A Bronze _Dagger from Southern Mazowsze

227

Gra?yna O r li ?

sk a, _Br?zowa bransoleta z _{Jadwisina, pow.}

_legionowski

A Bronze Bracelet from Jadwisin, Distr. _Legionowo

Anna Dr ze w i cz, Grób

kloszowy

z

_Sino??ki,

_pow. mi?ski

A Cloche Grave from _Sino??ka, Distr. Mi?sk Mazowiecki

232

Rados?aw Pr o ch o w icz,

Zapinka

_typu Zachow z _Pr?gowa

_Dolnego

w _powiecie

_gda?skim

Fibula _Type Zachow from _Pr?gowo Dolne, Distr. Gda?sk

237

Wawrzyniec O r li? sk i, Okucie _rogu do _picia zako?czone

_g?ow?

_byka

z

_cmentarzyska

_kultury

_przeworskiej

w _{Legionowie, pow.} loco 241

Drinking Horn Terminal with Bull's Head from the _Cemetery of Przeworsk Culture at _Legionowo, Distr. loco

Katarzyna Wat e mb o r sk a,

_Zabytki

z

_cmentarzyska

_kultury

_przeworskiej

z _miej scowo?ci Mieczki -Poziemaki,

pow.

ostro??cki

243

A _Cemetery of Przeworsk Culture at Mieczki -Poziemaki in Northern Mazowsze

Agnieszka

Ur b a n i ak, Ireneusz _Jak u b c z_y k,

_Cia?opalny

_grób

ze stanowiska 9

w Tomaszowie Mazowieckim-Brzustówce 246

A Cremation Grave from Tomaszów Mazowiecki -Brzustówka, Site 9

Ewa i

_Andrzej

Kok o w s c _y, Ko?ciana

_r?koje??

_nahajki

z okolic _Grabowca, w _pow. hrubieszowskim

Bone Handle of aKnout from the Area near Grabowiec, Distr. Hrubieszów

252

Wiadomo?ci _{Archeologiczne,} t. LXII, 2011

ROZALIA TYBULEWICZ

A HOARD FROM THE

MIGRATlON

PERIOD FROM KARLINO

(NORTH

-WESTERN

_POLAND)

SKARB Z OKRESU

_W?DRÓWEK

LUDÓW Z _KARLINA, POW BIA?OGARDZKI

ieonographie

and

_ieonologieal

contenr'. Their value for

learning

is even

_higher

if

_they

bear a runie

_inseription.

From the area of

_Europe,

in

_partieular

from Scandinavia,

the Baltie Sea islands

_(Bornholm,

_Gotland,

_Óland),

and the British Isles, we have at _present over 1000 braeteate Introduction

The

_deposit

from Karlino1

_(Germ.

Cerlin / Korlin, Kr.

Kol-berg-Korlin),

distr.

_Bia?ogard,

Western Pomerania

_(Germ.

Westpreussen)

present

zaehodniopomorskie

voivodship

(Fig.

1),

was diseovered

_by

aeeident in the winter of

1838/1839. It was formed of

_gold

_objects,

some of them

ofbarbarian make, others

_having

aRoman

2

N. L. W ic ker 1994; 1998; M. Axb o e _2004; 2007.

and

_Byzantine

_provenanee

_(Fig.

_2).

The number of

_Migration

Period hoard finds from Poland is

_quite

small. In

_general

_they

are an invaluable souree for

_{investigating}

eontaets of the

_people

of the

_day,

both with

the Roman

_Empire

as well as with

North-ern and Western Germans from the area

of _present

_-day

Seandinavia.

Probably

the most

_striking

items

pre-sent in these hoards are

_gold

Germanie braeteates.

_Theyare

of

_exeeptional

inter-est

_owing

to their _provenanee,

_origin

of

raw material

_(gold),

_teehnique

of

execu-tion, and ornamentation as well as their

l

Karlino is located on rivers _Pars?ta (Germ.

Per-sante) and Radew (Germ. Radiie).

Fig. 1. Location of Kar lino, distr. Bia?ogard,

voiv. _{zachodniopomorskie}

Ryc. 1. Po?o?enie _miejscowo?ci Kar lin_o, pow. bia?ogardzki, woj. zachodniopomorskie

CLASS OF ARTEFACT CERTAIN FINDS SUSPECT FINDS

Nos. 3-5 and

Germanie braeteates Nos. 1 and 2 7 _(with a runie No. 6

-inseription)

GoId _rings - With a runie Without In eoiled wire

inseription ornament

GoId eoiled wire bead 1 _speeimen - -

-GoId braeeIet

_fragment

and BraeeIet Pendant with three solidi

goId

pendant

with solidi

-

-fragment

of Theodosius II

Solidi Theodosius II; VaIentinian I, VaIentinian III

Leon I

-

-Fig. 2. The contents of the hoard from Kar lino

Ryc. 2. Zestawienie zawarto?ci skarbu zKar lina

finds

_(Fig.

_3)3.

Out of this number, from Poland there

are no more than 14

_pieces,

seven - from the

deposit

discovered at Karlino

_(Fig.

_4).

most

_important

_findings,

which shed new

_light

on the

subject

of the hoard from Karlino, were made in Berlin

(in

the archive of the former Museum Vaterliindischer

Alterthiimer'),

in

_Copenhagen

_(in

the

_library

of the Na-tionalmuseet and

_private

files ofM. B.

_Mackeprang),

and

also in the Muzeum Narodowe in Szczecin

_(in

the archive

of the numismatic

_department).

Gold bracteate finds from the

_Migration

Period are

recorded on the _present

_-day

_territory

of Poland

_only

in four hoards: from Karlino,

Wapno,

distr.

_W?growiec,

Zagórzyn,

distr. Pi?a, and Sucha?, distr.

_Stargard

Szcze-ci?ski. All the

_deposits

_(except

for

_Sucha?)

have up-to-date

_{comprehensive}

_analyses

of their content,

circum-stances of

_discovery,

structure,

_analogies,

provenance,

runie

_{inscriptions,}

and

_{iconography",}

The hoard from

Karlino is the most valuable but also the most

enig-matic _among these

_deposits,

due to its circumstances of

discovery,

contents and later fortunes. However, to this

day

it has not been

_published

in

_{comprehensive}

manner.

The _present contribution is intended to

_rectify

this omis-sion and _put this

_exceptional

find into wider circulation",

Sources and status of research

The

_analysis

of archival records and references related to

the hoard from Karlino was not an _easy

_project.

This is

mainly

because we have

_precious

little basie information

about this find with no direct _report about the

_discovery

from its finder and because of much

_{contradictory}

data found in later

_{publications.}

Over

_nearly

two centuries individual researchers have not

_always

had the

opportu-nity

to or felt the need to test the soundness ofinformation which had been

_published

_by

their

_{predecessors.}

In

ad-dition,

_only

a few of them accessed the data in the

archi-val records of _present Museum fur Vor - und

Fruhgeschich-te in Berlin. This has contributed to the accumulation of

much incorrect data about the

_find-spot

and

circum-stances of

_discovery

or

_objects

included in the hoard.

In the discussion below I _report on the results of

a

_painstaking

_inquiry

made in the

_period

2007 - 20086• The

3M.B.Mackeprang 1952; M.Axboe 1982; IK 1985-1989.

4J.?ak 1950; M.Kara 1994; A.Bursche 1998;2007; M.Axboe

2007. The find from Sucha? has not been _{published yet.} 5

The _{present paper} based on _my M.A. thesis (2008, Instytut Archeologii,

Uniwersytet Warszawski). Currently work is in _progress on a

mono-graph of the hoard from Karlino which will include data to which Ihad

no access at the time of _writing the M.A. thesis. Archival records

The earliest sources which afford reliable data about the

find are archival documents held at _present

_by

the

Mu-seum fur Vor- und

_{Fruhgeschichte}

in Berlin. In them we

find information about the

_objects

from Karlino which the former Museum Vaterliindischer Alterthumer had

purchased

or received as a

_bequest.

_{Unfortunately,}

the

key

reference on the circumstances of

_discovery

of the 6

I take this opportunity to thank everyone for support given during

my research. Iam _{especially grateful} to _my tutor, Prof. Aleksander

Bur-sche from the _{Instytut Archeologii, Uniwersytet} Warszawski, Poul Otto

Nielsen, Chairman of the Board ofKazimierz Salewicz Foundation and

Senior Curator at the Nationalmuseet in _Copenhagen, Dr. _phil. Morten

Axboe of the Nationalmuseet in _Copenhagen; Heino _Neumayer, PhD

and Horst Wieder, PhD from Archive of the Museum fur Vor- und

Fruhgeschichte in _Berlin; Genowefa Horoszko, M.A. from the Muze-um Narodowe in Szczecin. For _{given help} with _working on _archival, German texts, Iwould like to thank to Renata Cio?ek, PhD, Prof. Hans

Heinrich, Prof. _Zygmunt Szultka, Hubert Hage, M.A., Zofia

Kaczmar-czyk, M.A., and Martin Brandt _Nielsen, M.A.

7

In 1931 the Museum Vaterliindischer Alierthiimer was _reorganised as

the _{present day} the Staatliche Museen zu Berlin - Preuf?ischer

100 200 300 1.00 500 km • . .. :: ..

?··

:.t:;:f,y

',6 ? !f ,t!! •..•

Ilu

'/?"

.,

?

? ? ...-.... ., -...:::: ...

'\r??-?

• ?--- •• . "\ ,

)

. • •

?

?

:

.?

..

-\

• .

'\j

..?/s- • • • _? .. Fig. 3. Finds of Germanie

braeteates from Europe

(status as of 2005).

•

Aee. to M. Axboe (2007) Rye. 3. Znaleziska brakteatów

germa?skich na terenie _Europy

(stan z 2005 r.).

Wg M. Axboe (2007)

19349• Almost all were

_signed

_by

director

_Leopold

von

Ledebur. In sum, we have

_eight

documents from 1839

(with

several addenda made in 1839 and

_1934).

hoard was lost in unknown circumstances. Its author was

Generalmajor

August

Ludwig

von Ledebur,

comman-dant of

_Festung

_Kolberg

_(now

_Ko?obrzeg),

who wrote to his

_nephew,

_Leopold

von Ledebur, director of Museum

Vaterliindischer Alterthiimer and director of

_Kimigliche

Kunstkammer in Berlin8•

There are also two entries made in the

_inventory

books

and one list of

_objects

to be evacuated from the museum.

In

_inventory

lists of the Berlin museum artefacts prove-nance to Karlino _appear for the first time in 1840 and in

Fortunately,

the archive in Berlin holds 14later

docu-ments

_concerning

Karlino. The earliest are two from 9

August

1839, one from 13

_August

_1839, followed

_bythree

from 11, 16 and 19

_September,

three from 17 December

1839, one from 20 March _1867, and one from March

9

MVF archive, nos.: 5MB-PK/MVF, IXd l, lA PrA, Bd. 2, E 104/39

(5 doeuments on 6 sheets), 5MB-PK/MVF, IXd l, lA PrA, Bd. 2, E

260/39 (4 doeuments on 4 _sheets), 5MB-PK/ZA, KKM 25,4015/67 (1 doeument on 1 _{sheet), 5MB-PK/MVF,} IXd l, II e, Bd. 27, E 417/34 (1 doeument on 2 _sheets).

8

E. He r in_g 1840, p. 10-13 no. 10; 1841, p. 131-134 no. 10.

., ?_.•• ?. • ... . ) . •_t.. \ .? _,?, " .... I ?. ". . .,... .. _l' ,. .. ,

.;.??\.

. -' , ). 2 _ ... . .?, . " \ ,,;.. .... --? , I .. -5 3 4 ?. 7 2cm

Fig. 4. Bracteates: no. 1 _(MVF, II 2506), no. 2 _(MVF, II 2507), no. 3 (MVF, II 5865), no. 4 _(MVF, II 5866), no. 5 _(MVF, II 5867),

no. 6, no. 7 _(MVF, II 5868). CourtesyofM. Axboe (1-5, 7) after IK 1985-1989, vol. 1/3, pl. 128, no. 100a (6)

Ryc. 4. _Brakteaty: nr 1 _(MVF, II 2506), nr 2 _(MVF, II 2507), nr 3 (MVF, II 5865), nr 4 _(MVF, II 5866), nr 5 (MVF, II 5867),

nr 6, nr 7 _(MVF, II 5868). Dzi?ki uprzejmo?ci M. Axboe (1-5, 7), wg IK 1985-1989, vol. 1/3, pl. 128, nr 100a (6)

186710• In a

_protocol

from 1867 we find a reference to an

artefact without _provenance

_(a

bracteate with a runie

in-scription)

which

_belonged

to the same hoard

_(Fig.

_4:7)11.

From adocument dated 20 March 1867 made out

_by

Gen-era? Director der

_Kimiglichen

Museen

-Ignaz

von Olfers

- _we learn that the collection of the Berlin _museum had

received a

_posthumous

_bequest

ofBenoni Friedlander",

10

MVF archive, no. 5MB- PK/MVF, Hauptkatalog Abt. II, Protocol no.

2 from 1840, no. II. 2506-2508, also, Protocol no. 2 from 1867, no. II.

5864, II. 5865- 5867. _ing from the _bequest of Benoni Friedlander, an _antiquarian of Berlin.

12

Directly after the _discovery of the hoard he purchased afew _objects from this _deposit.

11

MVF archive, no. 5MB- PK/MVF, Hauptkatalog Abt. II, Protocol no.

originat-2cm

2cm

Fig. 5. _{Polygonal gold ring} with arunie inscription

(MVF, II 5864). Courtesy ofM. Axboe _Fig. 6. _{Polygonal gold ring} with arunie _inscription.

After F. _Magnusen (1841) Ryc. 5. _{Z?oty pier?cie? wieloboczny} z_inskrypcj?

runiczn? (MVF, II 5864). Ryc. 6. _{Z?oty pier?cie? wieloboczny} z_{inskrypcj? runiczn?.}

Dzi?ki uprzejmo?ci M. Axboe _Wg F. _Magnusena (1841)

In this set were

_objects

_originating

from Karlino".

_They

remained in the Berlin archive until World War II. Now the archive has in its

_keeping

_only

a list of

archaeologi-cal artefacts in four cases which at the end of the war were surrendered to the Soviet

_Army.

This we know be-cause in 1939, when the cases were

_being

_packed,

the museum staff made detailed lists of artefacts

_place

d in

individual cases. On three cards of these list _{among many}

entries there is information about artefacts from Karlino

which were

_packed

into the cases", These

_objects

were

shipped

to the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts

_(Myse?

M306pa3MTeJIbHbIX

MCKyCCTB MM. A. C.

_IIyIIIKMHa)

in

MOSCOWI5•

erences to the Karlino find _appear in the

_chapter

Rbmische

Mimzen in Pommern

_{gefundenl8•}

Information on one of the Karlino finds

-a

_gold

brac-teates

_(Fig.

_4:6),

from a series of 6 identical

_specimens,

is found also in two auction

_catalogues

_published

in Frankfurt am Mainl9•

Important

references to artefacts from Karlino were

found in the

_private

_papers of M. B.

_Mackeprang

in

Co-penhagerr".

During

World War II this researcher had

succeeded in

_bringing

to

_Copenhagen

a _part of a

photo-graphic

documentation associated with Karlino. This

legacy

includes

_photographs

of six bracteates

_(Fig.

4:1--5.7)

and a

_ring

with a runie

_inscription

sent from

Ber-lin

_(Fig.

_5,6).

On their reverse side is the

_original

seal of

the Museum fur Vor- und

_{Fruhgeschichte}

and

_inventory

numbers noted down

_by

the museum staff. Moreover,

among the notecards

describing

individual finds

ofbrac-teates were two

_relating

to the Karlino

_deposit",

Unfortunately,

during

the last war almost the entire

photographic

documentation of the finds

_kept

in Berlin

perished.

The

_only

_photograph

we have is of a bracteate

with a runie

_inscription

from the Karlino hoard"',

Reliable information on the two solidi

_(Theodosius

II and Leo

_I)

from the Karlino

_deposit

was found in two

inventory

lists of the former

_{Antiquarisches}

Museum in

Stettin

_(now

_Szczecin).

_Firstly,

both of the coins were

precisely

described in Inventarium from the 185217• At

the end of the

19th

_century, at the _request of the local research

_society

₍

Ges elIs ch

_{aft fur}

Pommersche Geschichte

und

_{Alterthumskunde)}

a second

_inventory

list was made

of coins and medallions held

_by

the Museum. In this

manuscript

volume entitled Rom und Griechenland

ref-Publications

The

_discovery

of a hoard of

_gold

_objects

in Karlino had

caused a considerable stir _among researchers and

anti-quarians

of the

19th

_century. We find the first

_published

reference on the last _page of the

_''Allgemeine

Preussische

Staats-Zeitung"

of 18 October 183922•

From more than 170 _years since the

_discovery

of the

deposit

we have a series of

_publications

on its

_subject.

The

_key

information come from the

_following:

_paper

_by

13

MVF archive, no. 5MB-PK/ZA, KKM 25, 4015/67 (items recorded

by B. Friedlander as no. B.l, B.2-4 and B.5 _{subsequently by} MVF as inv. No. II. 5864, II. 5865-5867 and 11.5868).

18Rom und Griechenland _{(undated),p.133.}

19

Catalog Pogge 1903, p. 40 no. 771, pl. 2 no. 771; Katalog

Cahn 1929, p. 187 no. 2883.

14

This is aso-called _{Verlagernsliste,} or alist of _objects to be evacuated from the Museum fur Vor- und _{Fruhgeschichte} in Berlin. The

docu-ment is a_copy from 1941 and it has a_signature no. 5MB- PK/MVF, IXd l, XlV, Bd. l, V_{g 23/41:} card Kiste l, Blatt 5 (item no. II. 5864), Kiste

l, card Blatt 7 _(items nos. II. 2508 and II. 5868), card Kiste 2, Blatt 1

(items nos. II. 2506-2507 and II. 5865-5867).

20

I thank Dr. _phil. Morten Axboe for _letting me access to those files and _having scanned for me _photographs of artefacts from Karlino. 21

Notecard for Karlino and notecard of abracteate with arunie inscrip-tion of uncertain _provenance.

22

Wissenschajt, Kunst, Literatur. Berlin. In der _Sitzung des Vereins _fur

Erkunde am 7. _September (...) Herr von Ledebur las iiber den bei Koslin

gemachten Fund von _goldenen Alierthiimern als dem ersten bekannt

gewordenen FaU des _Ausfindens von Goldbrakteaten und Nordischen

Runen in Deutschland ₍... ).

15

W Me n _{g h} in 1996, p. 110.

16

MVF archive, photograph no. 5MB- PK/MVF, IXb 03658.

17

I n ve nt a r ium 1852, p. 310, 312.

Leopold

von Ledebur, director of

_Konigliche

Kunsikam-mer in _Berlin, from

_184023,

a text

_by

E.

_Hering,

_published

twice in 1840 and

184124,

a

_monograph

_by

a Icelandic

runologist

F.

_Magnusen

from

_184125,

and articles

_by

K. Miillenhoff from

184926,

and

_by

C. _J. Thomsen from

185527• Valuable information is contained also in an arti-cle of E. Kiihne from

187728,

a

_catalogue

of an

archaeo-logical

and

_{anthropological}

exhibition

_presented

in Berlin

in

_August

_188029,

a PhD dissertation ofE.

_Jungklaus

from

192430,

and a

_monograph

of the Swedish researcher S. Bo-lin from 192631•

over more than 170 _years individual authors had noted

down this name

_incorrectly

because

_they

were not

farnil-iar wit h the

_geography

of Western Pomerania, or

_they

unwittingly

relied on information contained in earlier

scholarly

publications.

In this context we often find in literature the incorrect

name Ceslin. or Koslin which

_corresponds

to the

present-day

city

of Koszalin

_(distr.

_loco)

some 28 km from the actual

_place

of

_discovery

-Karlino, in district

_Bia?ogard.

Sometimes the researchers

_incorrectly

record the hoard

as two

_deposits,

from two different localities, thus, Karlino

occasionally

appears under the name Malechowo

_(Germ.

Malchow)

and Lubiechowo

(Germ.

Liibchowi. The name

Liibchow is the name of the location where

_'suspect

finds'

from Karlino

_(two

solidi - Valentinian I and Valentinian

III, an ornamental

_pendant

of 3 _solidi, and a coiled wire

ring)

were

_kept

in

_private

collection.

_They

were

presum-ably

stored in the local

_palace.

Its last owner was Clara von Schuman. At the

_beginning

ofWorld War II she

emi-grated

with

_family

to Switzerland.

Invaluable data about circumstances of

_discovery,

items included in the hoard and their later fortunes was

pro-vided

_by

a

_monograph

ofM. B.

_Mackeprang

_published

in

195232• An authoritative

_studyon

the bracteate

_(Fig.

_4:7)

and the

_ring

with a runie

_inscription

is

_provided

_by

U. von

Schnall",

with a fulllist of

_published

references until1973.

While

_making

_{my review} of

_publications

I came across

references to items which were said to

_originate

from the Karlino hoard. However since

_they

have no

_watertight

provenance and had been

published

over a _{century years}

following

the

_discovery

of the _hoard, without

_citing

the

source of this information, I shall refer to them here as

'suspect

finds'".

_My

main sources on this _group were the

following:

awork

_by

o. Kunkel, director of

_{Antiquarisches}

Museum in Stettin from

_193835,

a

_monograph

_by

E.

Peter-sen from

193936,

article

_by

H. _J.

_Eggers

from

194037,

and

another,

by

P. La Baume

_published

in 196338•

The

_discovery

of the hoard had been made at an

un-specified

location, in an area of farmland between the

localities Karlino and Lubiechowo, now in district

Bia?o-gard.

Its hard to

_specify

_exactly

circumstances of

discov-ery. In literature of the

subject

we find a number of

dif-ferent versions.

_According

to the earliest _references, the hoard was found

_during

_moving

out

_(durch

Hinwegrau-men eines Peldsteinesi" or

_dynamiting

_(beim

_Sprengen

eines Steines in einem

_Torfmoor)40

a boulder. An odd

infor-mation about

_place

of

_find-spot

comes from

_Pogge's

Cat-alogue.

It is mentioned there, that artefacts from Karlino

were found in a

_megalithic

tomb

_(in

einem Hun

_engrab

e

)41.

Circumstances of

_discovery

and the

_find-spot

When we _compare the information in archival records

and

_published

references we observe an accumulation of

contradictory

data about the name of the

_locality

where

the hoard had surfaced. It is difficult to establish whether

The

_depth

at which the

_depo

sit was

_resting

is also

re-corded

_variously.

In the two earliest

references",

there is

mention of a foot

(i.e.,

30 or so

cm)

below the surface. In

a later _report of E. Kiihne we read about a hoard buried

in a _peat soil at the

_depth

of two feet

_(i.e.,

60 or so

cm)".

In the next, much later from 1924, is note that Karlino

hoard was buried in _peat soil at the

_depth

of around 2 metres below the surface".

23L.vonLedebur 1840.

24

See note no. 8.

25

F. Ma_gnu s e n 1841, p. 221-223, pl. 13 nos. 4a.b.

26

K. Mu Il e n hoff _{1849, p.} 10-14.

27

Ch. J. T h o m s e n _{1855, p.} 307-308 no. 96 and p. 312 no. 113.

28

E. K li hn e _{1877, p.} 206-207.

To conclude,

_deposit

from Karlino was discovered in

winter of 1838/1839

_by

an unnamed farmer. It took

_place

during

farm work. The aim was to remove or

_dynamite

a

_large

boulder

_lying

in or near an area of

_peatland,

close

to

_Pars?ta

river. The

_deposit

was found at a

_depth

of

ap-proximately

30 cm near or under mentioned boulder. At

present the suspect find -spot area is under a

_peatbog

or

29

Kata_log B e rlin 1880, p. 326 no. 127, and the last _page of a

sup-plement to the _Catalogue, nos. 1-2.

30 E. Jun_{g k l}a u s 1924, p. 38 (Theodosius I - _no. 1), p. 41 (Leo I- _no. 4),p.96. 31 S. B olin 1926, p. 91 no. 22. 12

M. B. _Mackeprang 1952, p. 182-183 no. _{329, p.} 193 no. 376.

33

U. von S ch n alI 1973, p. 47-49.

39

L. von L ed eb ur _{1840, p.} 96.

34

It _may be _possible to validate this _hypothesis if we succeed in

locat-ing these artefacts. 40

E. H e r in_g 1840, p. 11, note ": 1841, p. 133, note *. 41 C at a_log Po _{g g}e _{1903, p.} 40 no. 771. 35 o. KunkeI 1938, p. 331, pl. 28. 36

E. Petersen 1939, p. 29. 42 See note no. 40.

37

H. J. E_{g g}e r s _{1940, p.} 33 no. _53, with note no. 68

38 P. L a Ba u m e 1963, p. 21-24. 43 E. K li h ne _{1877, p.} 207 no. 3. 44 E. Jun_{g k l}a u s 1924, p. 96.

farmland

_bordering

the river, made

_quite

_marshy

here and there

_by

the

_Pars?ta

river

_flowing

_nearby.

The

_loop

of four fluted _segments was fixed to the border of the bracteate over the head of the horseman which had

been

_represented

on the bracteate

-a

_highly

_stylised

fig-ure of a man on horseback

_walking

left.

_Opposite

the

fore-head of the horseman was a motif reminiscent of a letter

'X: In the border between the mans head and the _animal,

between two lines, can be seen a runie

_inscription

which

has been read as WAIGA. It _may indicate a

_single

_proper

name either the owner, the donor, or the maker of the

ob-ject".

According

to the research ofE. H. Antonsen

_(1975;

2002)

this translates as 'force;

_'power'

or 'rash one'".

The Contents

The

_deposit

consisted

_entirely

of

_golden

_objects:

Scan-dinavian bracteates, barbarian

_jewellery

and Roman solidi

_(Fig.

_3).

Bracteates

The most

_interesting

and the

_largest

_group of

_objects

are

gold

Germanie bracteates, type C as defined

_by

o.

Mon-telius, of the Eastern Danish-Southern Swedish

sub-group".

In the _space of more than 170 _years different

re-searchers have referred to a different number of the

brac-teates said to have

_originated

from the Karlino

_deposit

giving

different

_descriptions

of their number, provenance,

iconography,

and

_dating".

We have

_only

a small number

of

_photographs

or

_drawings

of individual bracteates. As

yet no

_publication

has included

_photographs

of the full

set of these artefacts.

We may assume that the inscribed bracteate was

_quite

special

as

_compared

to the other one s in the hoard and

had

_played

a

_special

role. As it also had a

_loop

for

sus-pension

we _{may suppose} that it was an element

-

prob-ably

the central

_pendant

- of

a necklace. Its role could have been that of an amulet or talisman worn to

_impart

a

_special

_power or _prowess to its owner.

Rings

It is certain that the hoard from Karlino had contained

two

_gold

_rings.

One of them is

_unique

on a

_European

scale:

solid, smooth on its inner side, and facetted

_(Fig.

_5)51.

Its

outer surface had been divided into 10

_triangular

_planes

covered with an elaborate

_engraved

ornament of

_stylised

representations

of _birds, a swastika and a triskel

_(Fig.

_6).

The

_key

ornament of the

_ring,

which sets it _apart from all

the _others, is an

_inscription,

_clockwise, in two _lines, which reads ALU.

_According

to some

_runologists

this word is

a

_magical

formula linked to ceremonies devoted to Odin".

It can be

_imagined

that it was

_supposed

to ensure

protec-tion and assistance to the wearer of the

_ring.

It would _appear from a careful

_analysis

of the sources

that

_originally

there had been seven bracteates. There

were struck from

_gold

sheet on one side

_only.

Six

_(Fig.

4:1-6)

were made from the same die

(IK/I00).

Each

brac-teate had a border of

_{pseudo-granulation}

fashioned from

four

_finely

notched

_gold

wires coiled in two

_pairs"

and a

loop

of seven fluted _segments, attached at centre of the ornamental border. The _presence of

_loops

_suggests that all the bracteates could have

_belonged

to a necklace.

A number of such ornaments are known from the

rele-vant literature".

The seventh bracteate from Karlino

_(IK/329)

was

dif-ferent

_(Fig.

_4:7).

Struck from a different die it had a

_unique

border of

_single

_finely

notched

_gold

wire fused to the

cen-tral _part ofthe bracteate with molten metal

_(i.e.,

_soldered).

Similar runie

_inscriptions

are

_quite

rare and are known

only

from finds dated to the

_period

A.D.

2nd_7th

_century'".

Until 2009 atotal of

_twenty-five

various artefacts pro-vided wit h this formula were _discovered, of which the

largest

category are

_gold

Germanie bracteates. The

inscrip-tion ALU is seen on 15 of these

_specimens".

A certain 45

M. B. _Mackeprang 1952, p. 45.

46L.von Ledebur _1840,p.96; E. _{Hering 1840,p.13no.5;1841,}

p.134no.5; K. Mu l le n hoff _{1849,p.11,13,fig.2-3; Ch.J.}

Thom-sen _{1855, p.} 307 no. _{96, p.} 312 no. _{113; Katalog} Berlin 1880,

last page of supplement no. _2; C at a_log Po _{g g}e _{1903, p. 40} no. _771,

pl. 2no. 771; E. _{Jungklaus 1924,p.96;} S. Bolin _1926,p.91 no.

22; A. E. Cahn 1929, p. 187 no. _2883; E. Petersen 1936, p. 44

no. 3; M. B. _Mackeprang 1952, p. 182-183 no. 329, pl. 9 no. 14

and p. 193 no. _{376, pl.} 11 no. _{5; J. ?ak 1962, p.} 50-51 nos. _11-12;

P. La Baume 1963, p. 22-24; U. von Schnall 1973, p. 47-48;

I K 1985 -1 989, vol. 1/2, p. 178-179 no. _100, vol. 1/3, p. 127, pl. 128

no. _100a.b; I K 1985 -1 989, vol. 2/1, p. 226-227 no. 367, vol. 2/2,

p. 149, pl. 151-152 no. _367a.b; H. _Machaj ewski 1992b, p. 64-65, 144,231, pl. 43 no. 2-7; M. Kar a 1994, p. 94, 102, 104; R. C io ?ek

2001, p. 96 no. 118.

49W Krause _{1966,p.274-275;} E.H. Antonsen _{2002,p.217-218.}

50

E. H. Anto n s e n _{1975, p. 64; 2002, p.} 218.

51

L. von L edeb ur 1840, p. 97 no. 1; E. H e rin_{g 1840, p.} 11 no. 1; 1841, p. 133 no. _1; F. Ma_g nus e n _{1841, p. 221-223, pl.} 13 nos. _4a.b; K. M li 11 e n ho f f 1849, _p. 12, fig. 1; Ch. J. T ho m s e n 1855, p. 307 no. _96; K ata_log B e rlin _1880, last page of supplement no. _1; E. Pete r s e n 1936, p. 44 no. 3; 1939, p. 28 _(entry Karlin no. l, fig. 35a.b.g); M. B. Ma ck e_pr a n_{g 1952, p.} 182 no. _329, item no. II. 5867

(Mackeprang's mistake, should be no. II. 5864); J. ?ak 1962, p. 51 no.

11; U. von Sc hnalI 1973, p. 48-50; IK 1985-1989, vol. 1/2, p. 178 no. 100; H. _{Machajewski 1992b,p.42,pl.43nos.1,8;} R. Cio?ek 2001, p. 96 no. 118.

52W Krause _1966,p.106; E.H. Antonsen

2002,p.196-200,209--210,214; J. McKinnell, R. Si m ek, K. Dliwel 2004,p.90-96.

47

Prom _Germany we have a _single bracteate _find, the _{only analogous} to the six bracteates from Karlino _by its _shape of laurel border. It was

found near _{Hamburg (M.} B. _Mackeprang 1952, p. 179 no. _322).

53

J. Me Kinnell, R. S im ek , K. D li wel 2004, p. 90-9l.

48

That is, a find from Sorte Muld II, Bornholm (M. Axb o e _2002,

p.295-303).

54J. McKinnell, R. Simek, K. _{Dliwe12004,p.} 90-96; M.

Ax-b o e , M. Stoklund 2007.

convergence of form with the runie

ring

from Karlino is shown

_by

a

_piece

from a hoard discovered in 1874 in a field near

_Killerup

_by

Odense

_(Fyn,

Denmark);

the

_only

dif-ference is that this

_piece

was not ornamented on its

sur-face".

Fig. 7. Gold bead. After H. J. Eggers & P. F. _Stary (2001)

Ryc. 7. _{Z?oty paciorek.} 1 cm

Wg H. J. Eggersa i P. F. _Starego (2001) The second

_ring

_originating

from the Karlino

_deposit

was without ornament",

_Basing

on information found

in archival records and

_publications

it had the form of

a

_plain

band",

tion from archival _records, the surface of this item was

ornamented. We have no

_photograph

or even a

_rubbing

of this

_specimen.

_According

to L. von Ledebur bracelet was similar to a

_neckring

from a hoard discovered in 1833 at Broholm in

_Fyn63•

Bead

It is worth

_noting

at this

_point

that a number of

_gold

neckrings,

stray finds, were discovered in West

Pomera-nia, i.e., at _Piotrowice, distr.

_Ko?obrzeg,

Radosiew, distr.

Pi?a, and

_Stargard

Szczeci?ski

_(distr.

loco

_)64.

_They

have

lightly

thickened terrninals decorated wit h

_stamped

crescents and were dated to the

_Migration

Period. Similar

neckrings

have also surfaced in the

_region

of

_Elbl?g'",

The hoard from Karlino also included a

_gold

_bead",

which

L. von Ledebur described in his document of

_August

9

1839 as a bead 'of

_parabolic

_shape'

from

_finely

coiled wire

(eine

parabolisch

gestaltete

aus

_gewundenen

Golddraht

bestehende).

In literature there is

_only

one

_drawing

of

this find, which left

_(Fig.

_7)59.

Bead has a

_parabolic

_shape.

It was made from mentioned

_finely

coiled

_gold

wire. Its

texture was notched. Similar bead was discovered in the

field s near

_Slagelse

_(Zealand,

_Denmarkj'"

It was made of

spirally

coiled

_gold

wire with a

_partly

smooth and

_partly

notched texture. A close

_analogy

to bead from Karlino

constitute finds from Elsehoved hoard

_(Fyn,

_Denmark)?',

In this case, beads were also made from coiled

_gold

wire.

Moreover,

_together

with _group of more than six solidi

accompanied

with

_loops,

_they

created a necklace.

Coins

This is the last _group of finds which

_definitely

_belonged

in the hoard from Karlino.

_They

included two solidi'": Theodosius II

_(430-440),

struck at

_{Constantinople,}

RIC IX

_25867,

and another, ofLeo I

₍₄₆₂

or

_466),

also struck

at

_{Constantinople,}

RIC IX 60568•

Suspect

finds

When

_making

_my

_inquiry

I identified a _group of

_objects

which

_possibly

also

_belong

to the hoard from Kar-lino

-possibly,

because information about these

speci-mens was

_published

_only

over a hundred _years after the

discovery

of the

_deposit

and without

_citing

sources of this

information. This makes it

_nearly

_impossible

for us to either validate or

_disprove

this information. The

integ-rity

of researchers who wrote about these

_objects

is above

reproach

and, moreover, their

_{argumentation}

is

sup-ported

by photographs,

but for the sake of correctness

we decided to refer to these items as

_'suspect

finds'

Bracelet

_fragment

Another element of the hoard from Karlino was a

_heavy

gold

bracelet made of thick wire'",

_According

to informa-55

I K 1985

-1989, vol. 1/2, p. 162-163 no. _91; E. Fo n ne sb e c

h--S _{a n} db _{e r}

g 1992, p. 40, fig. 3b. The contents of the hoard from

Killerup may be to a certain extent useful as an _analogy to the entire

deposit from Karlino. Next to the _ring of interest it included two _type- B

bracteates, a_fragment of a_type- Dbracteate, two _gold coiled wire _rings

and a _fragment of a_gold sword scabbard. 56

L. von L ed eb u r _{1840, p.} 97 no. _2; E. He r in_{g 1840, p.} 11 no. _2;

184I,p.133no.2; Ch.J. Thomsen _1855,p. 307 no. _96; E. Peter-sen _{1936,p.44no.3;1939,p.29(entryKorlinno.2);} M. B. Macke-prang 1952, p. 182 no. _{329; J. ?ak 1962, p.} 51 no. 11 and _p. 98;

H. _Machajewski 1992b, p. 42-43; R. Cio?ek 2001, p. 96 no.

118. 1841, p. 133 no. 3; E. Pete r s e n 1939, p. 29 _(entry Korlin no. _3);

M. B. _Mackeprang 1952, p. 182 no. _329; I K 1985 -198 9, vol. 1/2, p. 178 no. 100, note b2); R. Cio?ek 2001, p. 96 no. 118.

57The find was melted down back in 1839 and as such cannot be

analysed more _closely.

63

L. von L ed eb u r _{1840, p.} 97 no. 3.

58

L. von L edeb u r _{1840, p.} 97 no. _4; E. He r in _{g 1840, p.} 13 no. _4;

1841, p. 134 no. 4; Ch. J. Thom s en 1855, p. 307 no. 96; E. Pete r-s e n _{1939, p.} 29 _(entry Korlin no. _4); M. B. Ma cke pr an _{g 1952, p.} 182 no. 329, object no. II. 2505 (?) (Mackeprang's mistake, should be no.II.2508); I K 1985-1 989, vol.l/2, p.178 no. _100; H. Macha-jewski 1992b, p.144; J. ?ak 1962, p. 51 no. 11; R. C io ?ek 2001,

p. 96 no. 118.

64

K. Go d ?o w ski 1981, p. 94.

65K. God?owski 1981,p.94. 66

L. von L ed eb u r 1840, p. 97 no. 6; E. He r in_g 1840, p. 10 no.

lO, p. 13 no. _{6; 1841, p.} 131 no. _lO, and _p. 134 no. _6; Ka t alo g B e

r-lin 1880, p. 327; E. Pete r s e n 1939, p. 29 nos. _6,7); p. L a B a um e

1963, p. 22 nos. _6-7; M. Ax b o e _{1982, p.} 82 no. 329 _(only

Theodo-sius II); I K 1985 -19 89, vol.l/2, p.178 no. 100 note b2); H.

Ma-chaj ewski _1992b,p.144; R. Cio?ek 2001,p.94-95no.118;2007,

p. 101-102 no. 144. 59 H. J. Eg ge r s 2001, pl. 385 no. 5. 60 C. Ne e r_g a a rd 1915, p. 198; E. Fo n ne sb e ch- S _{a n}d b _{e r} g 1992, p. 41, fig. 3a. 61

M. B. _Mackeprang 1952, pl. 23 no. 16. 67 R I C 1994, vol. 9, p. 259

68

R I C 1994, vol. 9, p. 285.

Fig. 8. Solidi: no. 1 (Valentinian I) and no. 2 _{(Valentinian III).}

After E. Petersen (1939) Ryc. 8. _Solidy: nr 1 _{(Walentynian I)}

inr 2 _{(Walentynian III).}

?

But the most

_interesting

_of'suspect

finds' is a

_gold

ornamental

_pendant

_(Fig.

9)

fash-ioned from three solidi of Theodosius II

(408-420,

420-422 and

_424-455)74.

First two were struck in

_{Constantinople,}

the third at Thessalonica

_(RIC

X _202, 219 and

... '\ .. ..

?",

"

?,

? ? ...

?.

, +. '"

?)

,

?

-I . ?? ?

???.)

. y" ...,'.' _\

t·

Wg E. Petersena (1939) , ""

t

..,-...

The _{group opens} with the

_already

men-tioned

_gold

_ring

of

_spirally

coiled wire'", Next come two solidi": a Valentinian I

(367-375),

struck at Trier, RIC IX

_14(a)

variant"

_(Fig.

8:

_l),

and a Valentinian III

(c.

430-445),

from the mint at Ravenna,

. l.. ,-':': f ?: f , ? 1? '- '4. . "- .. •l

'.'t·

.... '"' ,

l

,\

?" ..?

"4

.,.

" "f. i"

_,.

-\ -= Iw "-?

".

t· "

\

? "'\ "' .... _"\ ?....

'"

. 2 2cm

RIC X 201972

_(Fig.

_8:2).

Both coins were

provided

with

_{pseudo-granulation,}

laurel

border, and decorative fluted

_loops.

Solidi fitted with

_loops,

some also with a

decora-tive border, are known from other similar

deposits

of the late

_Migration

Period dis-covered in Scandinavia",

69

E. Pete r s e n _{1939, p.} 29 _(entry Lubchow, no. _1); H. _J. E _{g ge} r s

1940, p. 33 no. 53 with note no. 68.

361-36575).

Coins are

_suspended

from a solid

_profiled

rod.

_Analogies

to the three solidi of Theodosius II

pos-sibly

from the Karlino

_deposit

come

_mainly

from

Scan-dinavia.

_They

differ

_only

in the manner of their attachment

to the ornamental

_gold

rod", 70

O. Ku nke _{l 1938, p. 331, pl. 28;} E. Pete r s e n _{1939, p.} 29 _(entry

Liibchow, no. _3); H. J. Eggers 1940, p. 33 no. _53, with note no. _68;

R. C io ?e_{k 2001, p.} 94-95 no. _{118; 2007, p.} 101-102 no. 144. 71 R I C 1994, vol. 9, p. 16 72 R I C 1994, vol. 9, p. 366. 73

For _example, two solidi of Theodosius II (408-450) from a hoard

from _Fjarestad (Scania, Sweden) fitted with fluted _loops and borders of _gold notched wire. The coins were discovered _together with five

type-C bracteates, coiled gold wire and two _{gold rings} (M. B. Ma cke

-prang 1952,p.164no.244,pl.24no.I-5; M. Axboe _2004,p.322).

A solidus ofLeo 1(457-474) with a_loop occurred _among similar ob-jects including five _type-C bracteates and a_{gold ring} in ahoard from

Rynkebygard (Fyn, Denmark - M. B.

Mackeprang 1952, p. 122 no. 64, and _pl. 21 nos. 19-26; I K 1985 - 1989, vol. 1/2,

p. 252-253 no. 147 and vol. 1/3, pl. 189-190; J. M. _Fagerlie 1967, p. 207 no.

193; M. Ax b o e 2004, p. 324). Sixlooped solidi made into anecklace

or abracelet occurred _together with nine _gold coiled wire beads in a

hoard from Elsehoved _(Fyn, Denmark - F. S _eh _{e ste}d 1978, p.

211-217, pl. 46; M. B. Ma c ke pr a n _{g 1952, p. 23, 73, 87, pl.} 23 nos.

16-19; J. M. Fa_ge r lie 1967, p. 207 no. _194). A solidus of a_looped

The-odosius II issue (408-450) occurred _together wit h four _type-C bracteates and a solidus without a_loop in ahoard from _{Tjiirko/Malen}

(Blekinge, Swe den

-J. M. Fa_ge r lie _{1967, p.} 179 no. _20; M. Ax b oe

2004, p. 325).

Subsequent

fortunes

Tracing

the later fortunes of the

_objects

_belonging

to the Karlino hoard is

_quite

a

_challenge.

Not

_only

because

of the time which has

_elapsed

since their

_discovery

_but, first and foremost, because of the lack of detailed source

data as to the time, site, and circumstances of

_discovery,

75

RI C 1994, vol. 10, p. 253-254, 256, 267.

76

An _example are finds from _Kongsvad Aa (Zealand, Denmark; M. B.

Mackeprang 1952,p.115no.36,pl.9,no.2; IK 1985-1989,

vol. 1/2, p. 178 no. 101, vol. 1/3, p. 128, pl. 127). In this case these are

three type- B bracteates without _loops, fastened to alon g ornamental

gold rod. Their borders are _analogical to those seen on the solidi from

the _{suspect gold pendant} from Karlino. Similar bracteates come from

Stenholts _{Vang deposit} (Zealand, Denmark; M. B. Ma ck e_pr a n _g

1952, p.113 no. _{24, pl.} 9no. _11; I K 1 985 -1 989, vol.l/2, p. 308-309

no. 179, vol. 1/3, pl. 233-234). Bracteates from hoard _{represent type-C}

of O. Montelius; their borders are different from those seen on the solidi

from Karlino. What is similar is the _{way they} were fastened _(soldered

onto?) to the _gold ornamental rod. The _deposit from Stenholts _Vang

also included at least three _pendants of two bracteates. 74

E. Pete r s e n _{1939, p.} 29 _(entry Liibchow no. _2); P. L a B a u m e

1963, p. 21; M. Ax b o e 1982, p. 82 no. 329; I K 1985 -19 89, vol. 1/2, p. 178 no. _100, note b2); H. _Machajewski 1992b, p. 144;

R. C i o?ek 2001, p. 96; 2007, p. 102.

Hackbarth",

a dealer from

_Kolberg,

who took it _upon

himself to sell them off. At this

_point

we need to

eon-sider a

_question

which is of

_key

_importance

for all our

subsequent

inquiries:

was the

_complete

_deposit

handed

over or

_only

a

_larger

or smaller

_fragment?

The answers I

was able to obtain from _my research are

_satisfactory

_only

to some extent. ? t? o " ," I ? .._\ ,. .

(:

.? S

.-t: _U· In the document from 9

_August

1839 L. von Ledebur

reported

that three of the six bracteates

_(Fig.

_4:3-5)

and

a

_gold

_ring

with a runie

_inscription

_(Fig.

₅₎

had

_passed

to

a

_private

collection of Benoni Friedlander in Berlin. In

the same document L. von Ledebur wrote _also, that he made his uncle

_August

_Ludwig

von Ledebur, commandant

of

_Festung

_Kolberg,

to

_buy

him a few artefacts from Karlino

hoard. Artefacts were _suppose to _go to L. von Ledebur's

private

collection.

_They

were: two solidi

_(Theodosius

II and another, ofLeo

_I)

_together

with two bracteates

_(Fig

.

4:1.2)

and a

_gold

coiled wire bead

_(Fig.

_7).

, \ 'I I-•

V.'

• • fJ .._', ". ,-I, ••

A number of items were

_acquired

_by

Brandes, a dealer

in _{Berlin, who,}

_according

to

_Leopold

von Ledebur's

document, had his office on the corner of

_{Kónigstraf?e}

and Poststraf?e, There were: a bracteate

_(Fig.

_4:6),

a

_plain

gold

ring,

and a

_fragment

of a

_chunky

_gold

bracelet. The

bracelet and the bracteate were offered

_by

Brandes for sale

to the Museum Vaterliindischer Alterthiimer in Berlin. The

gold

ring

which remained in his

_possession

he had melted down before 9

_August

1839.

2cm

Fig. 9. Gold _pendant with three solidi of1heodosius II.

After P. La Baume (1963)

Ryc. 9. Z?ota zawieszka z trzema solidami _Teodozjusza II.

Wg P. La Banmea (1963)

and of a first -hand

report on the contents of the

_deposit.

What follows below is an account on the fortunes of the

elements of the Karlino hoard from the time of

_discovery

in winter 1838/1839 until the _present I was able to

recon-struct from archival sources and available

_{publications,}

the latter not

_always

_strictly

_{archaeological}

_(Fig.

_10).

It is true that all of this material was examined

_by

_many

researchers over the more than 170 _years but

_frequently

this could have been done in

_passing

and without

_making

a

_comparative

_analysis.

_My

basie source was information

from the archival records in _Berlin,

_Copenhagen

and

Szczecin.

_They

_helped

me make a critical verification of

the information found in the relevant

_{publications.}

In the same document L. von Ledebur noted that on 9

August

1839 the Numismatic Cabinet in Berlin

_already

had in its

_keeping

two solidi ofTheodosius II and Leo I,

which his uncle had

_already

_bought

him.

On 9

_August

1839 dealer Brandes and

_Leopold

von

Ledebur started

_negotiations

with crew of Museum

Vater-landischer Alterthiimer.

_They

wanted to sell items from Karlino hoard

_kept

in their

_private

collections. We have

a document

_confirming

this situation. It was

_signed

_by

members of the Museum Board, who were _suppose to made a decision about _agreement for

_buying

those arte-facts".

On 19

_September

1839 the Museum Vaterliindischer Alterthiimer

_agreed

to

_buy

artefacts from Karlino

_deposit

kept

by

Leopold

von Ledebur'", This is confirmed

_by

an

addendum made on the document

_by

_Ignaz

von Olfers,

General Director

_ofRoyal

Museums, dated 17 December

183981• He mentioned in this document two bracteates

The

_key

data on the

_subject

of the later fortunes of

constituent elements of the

_deposit

comes from a

docu-ment made out on 9

_August

1839

_by

_Leopold

von Ledebur,

director of

_Kiinigliche

Kunstkammer in Berlin", _{It appears}

from its contents that the finds had been

_purchased

from

their

_original

finder within a

_period

not

_longer

than six months from the time of their

_discovery.

However, L. von

Ledebur did not mention

_by

what route the individual artefacts had

_passed

to their owners.

78

E. _Hering 1840, p. 11, note *.

79

MVF archive, no. _5MB-PK/MVF, IXd 1, lA PrA, Bd. 2, E 104/39

(documents dated 9 and 13 of _August 1839, and _{signed by} H. Fink,

J. Schlesinger, E. H. Tonken, A. von Rauch and Wach [?]). From a reference

_published

_by

E.

_Hering

it would

ap-pear that after the

discovery

of the hoard near Karlino an unknown from name farmer handed over the find to

80

MVF archive, no. 5MB-PK/MVF, IXd 1, lA PrA, Bd. 2, E 260/39

(document dated 19 _September 1839, and _{signed by} L. von _Ledebur).

81

MVF archive, no. 5MB-PK/MVF, IXd 1. lA PrA, Bd. 2, E 260/39

(document dated 17 Decemberl839, at lower _{part of page signed by}

I. von _Olfers).

77