A Survey of Ruderal Vegetation in Poland: Phytocenoses with Reynoutria sachalinensis (Friedrich Schmidt Petrop.) Nakai in Mori and R. japonica Houtt. - Biblioteka UMCS

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Zakład Geobotaniki Instytut Biologii UMCS

A N N A L E S

U N I V E R S I T A T I S M A R I A E C U R I E - S K L O D O W S K A L U B L I N — P O L O N I A

VOL. XLIX, 12 SECTIO C 1994

F l o r i a n Ś W IĘ S

A Survey of Ruderal Vegetation in Poland: Phytocenoses with Reynoutria sachalinensis ( F r i e d r i c h S c h m id t P e t r o p .)

N a k a i in M o r i and R. japonica H o u t t .

Przegląd roślinności ruderalnej na obszarze Polski: fitocenozy z Reynoutria sachalinensis ( F r i e d r i c h S c h m i d t P e t r o p . ) N a k a i in M o ri i z U. japonica H o u tt.

SCOPE AND METHODS OF INVESTIGATION

Communities with Reynoutria sachalinensis (= Polygonum sachalinense S chm .) and with Reynoutria japonica (= Polygonum cuspidatum S ieb . et Z ucc.) investigated in Eu

ropę for several dozen years have so far lacked a strictly defined structure and syntaxonomic position. The present study is therefore concerned with the syntaxonomic and ecological characteristics of the two substituting phytocenoses formed in the area of Poland.

The investigations were based on phytosociological records found only in published or forthcoming studies. The phytosociological records used were ordered in a working table * according to their successive similarity with respect to species composition and their degree of coverage in particular syntaxonomic and ecological groups. The location of record stations was presented in Figurę 1. Table 4 illustrates the assignment of successively ordered phytosociological records to all the currently distinguished primary and subordinate phytocenoses with Reynoutria sachalinensis and R. japonica. The two substi

tuting plant associations with Reynoutria sachalinensis and R. japonica were compared for their floristic, syntaxonomic and ecological properties (Tables 1-3 and 5). The appended photographs present the most characteristic expanses of a particular development stage of the investigated plant communities (Figs 2-5). Statistical elaborations of the studied communities were carried out after P a w ło w s k i (28). The naming of pteridophytes and vascular plants was given after J a s i e w ic z (12) and of bryophytes, after O c h y r a and S z m a j d a (27). These plants were assigned to particular nine syntaxonomic groups after M a t u s z k i e w ic z (20) and other phytosociologists (10, 24-26). The statistical-floristic data on phytocenoses with Reynoutria sachalinensis and R. japonica were presented only

The table was not included on account of its size.

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Fig. 1. Map of the examined stations of 85 phytosociological records of associations:

Reynoutrietum sachalinensis (records 1-10) and R. japonicae (records 11-85); Nos. of records taken according to their order of succession in Table 4

with such accuracy as to be easily supplemented with new materials of phytosociological records if necessary.

SURVEY OF COMMUNITIES WITH REYNOUTRIA SACHALINENSIS AND R. JAPONICA

G e n e r a l D i s t r i b u t i o n

Reynoutria japonica grows in a natural State in South-East Asia while Reynoutria sachalinensis only in the northern part of Sakhalin (9, 21). Currently the two species, as cultivated and gone wild park plants and fodder crops, occur through bringing in as ergasioepecophytes in the large areas of Eurasia and North America (21).

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A Survey of Ruderal Yegetation in Poland...

173

The first brought-in stands of the two species were recorded in Western Europę, including Poland in 1825-1869 (9, 17). These are abundant rhizomatous perennial plants, 3-4 m high, of nitrophilous habitats, mesophilous with high dynamics of vegetative propagation. That is why they can ąuickly overrun their located initial habitats and form denser and larger concentrations. In Poland, planted communities going wild with Reynoutria japonica or R. sachalinensis are probably ąuite commonly found. In the Carpathians and the Sudety Mountains the two plants were recorded at the maximum of 480-930 m above sea level (1, 7, 16, 38 and op. cit.).

S t a t e o f I n v e s t i g a t i o n in P o la n d

The phytosociological characteristics of communities with Reynoutria sachalinensis and R. japonica was based on 85 phytosociological records, 10 covering the former com- munity and 75, the latter (Table 4). The first stations of phytosociological phytocenoses with Reynoutria japonica were published by M is ie w ic z (22) and those concerning both phytocenoses with Reynoutria japonica and R. sachalinensis were also first given by M is ie w ic z (22) followed by F ij a łk o w s k i (4). In other Polish publications there are phytosociological materials concerning either both phytocenoses (13, 35) with Reynou

tria sachalinensis and R. japonica or only the latter with R. japonica (2, 8, 11, 18, 19, 29, 32-34, 36, 37). Phytosociological documentation records of phytocenoses with Reynoutria sachalinensis and with R. japonica come frorn the following regions of Poland (Fig. 1):

L i t t o r a l P la in s : the Szczecin Lowland, the Baltic Coast, the Vistula Marshland (after M is ie w ic z (22), records 6, 7, 21, 23, 28, 52.

G r e a t L o w la n d s : Mazovia (after J a n e c k i (11), records 22, 24, 39, 50, 75, 81, 82), Podlasie (after Ś w ię s and K w ia tk o w s k a (37) records 61, 73), the Lublin Polesie (after K ę d z i e r a w s k a (13) records 2, 26, 29 and F ij a łk o w s k i (4), records 1, 16, 47, 76, 77).

C e n t r a l U p la n d s : the Lublin Upland and Roztocze (after F ij a łk o w s k i (4), records 1, 4, 9-13, 83, 84) and H a r a s im (8), record 54.

P i e d m o n t B a s in s : the Silesian Basin (after R o s t a ń s k i and G u t t e (29), records 27, 32, and after B rz e g (2) records 33-35), the Sandomierz Basin (after H.

and M. K u c h a r c z y k (19), records 19, 20, 41, 43, 46, 72 and after K u c h a r c z y k (18), records 40, 65, 68, 70).

The borderline between the S a n d o m ie r z B a s in and the C a r p a t h i a n F o o t- h i l l s (after Ś w ię s and P i ó r e c k i (35), records 8, 60, 64, after Ś w ię s and W itk o w s k a (37), records 31, 49, 53, 66, 67, 69, Ś w ię s (34), records 45, 57, 59, 63 and after Ś w ię s (33), records 30, 55, 67, 78-80).

W e s t C a r p a t h i a n F ly s c h : the Jasło-Sanok Trenches (after Ś w ię s (32), records 37, 42, 48, 56 and Ś w ię s (31), records 14, 15, 58).

The investigated stations of 85 phytosociological records come from the following natural environments:

1) typically synanthropic areas of towns and settlements (records 5-8, 14-17, 19-25, 28, 30-32, 35, 37, 39-43, 46, 48-50, 52-70, 72-75, 78-82, 85).

2) rims of cemeteries and sacral monuments (records 2, 3,18, 26, 29, 36, 38, 44, 51, 71).

3) indeterminate seminatural and ruderal habitats in towns and in the country (records 1, 4, 9-13, 47, 76, 77, 83, 84).

4) shrub rims of riparian forests (record 35) and artificial pine forest (records 33-34).

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Table 1. Syntaxonomic groups, frequency and number of plant species

Number o f a s s o c ia t io n s (1 , 2) 2 . 2 .

P resen ce (A a-c) ar.d cov«r (B a-d)

a o

o f s p e c ie s : u & b c e b c d u b c d

1 2 3 4 ? 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

A.B. T rees and shrubs

I . Ch: a - Sam b u co-S aliciou , b - Cuerco-Faget.ea ( t o ta 1 ) . C - Alr.etea glut, ino s a e , d - oth er f o r e s t sp e cie s e - o th er syn an th rop ic s p e c ie s

9 12 I 28,1 3 7 ,4 7 0 ,3 7 5

d Ouercus robur B ... - 2 3 r 5,1 6 ,0 0 0 ,0 6 8 s

d Sorbua aucuparia B ... - X 4 r - - - 1 7 ,7 2 3 ,6 0 0 ,2 3 6 r

e S yrln ga v u lg a r la B ... - 5 4 r - - - 5 ,2 6 ,9 3 0,0 6 9 s

e P a r tn en o cissu s q u in q u e fo lla B ... - 2 3 r - - • 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

2 3 _ - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3

C. Herbaceous p la n ts

I I . Ch: a - P h ragm itetea ( t o t a l ) , b - C y p e r eta lia f u s c i , c - B id e n te te a t r i p a r t i t i ( t o t a l )

a P h a la ria arundinacea ... - 2 3 r - - - 5 , i 6 ,0 0 0 ,0 6 8 8

a Poa p a lu s t r ia ... - 3 4 r - - - 0 ,3 0 ,4 0 0,0 0 4 8

0 .2 o - M o lln ie t a li a c o e r u lc a e , c -

2 0 ,0 2

A rraoriath eretaliA , d- Arrhenatherion c Bldens t r i p a r t l t a ... 2 20 I I

I I I . Ch: a - M olin io-A rrh en ath ereter., e l a t i o r i s , c - Cynosurlon

a C eraatiw s h o lo a t e o id e s ...

a Poa p r a te r .s ls ... ..

a Phleua p raten ae ...

a F estu ca p r a te n s i3 ...

a A c h ille s m ille f o liu m ... ...

a T rifo llu p j p raten ae ...

a Ruraex a c e to sa ...

a Plan tago la n c e o la t a ...

a Pca t r i v i a l i a ...

a V lc ia cracca ... ...

b Descaanpaiu c a e a p i t o a a ...

c Bromus hordeaceus ...

c A nth riscua s y l v e s t r i s ...

c D a e ty lis glom erata ...

c Tara,\acum o f f i c i n a l e ... ..

c Heracleum sphondylium sep .sp h o n d y l.

c Heracleum sphondylium s s p .s i b l r i c u u d P a stin a ca s a t iv a ...

d Geranium p ro ta n se ... ....

d Arrhonatherun e l a t i u s ...

e Cynosurua c r l s t a t u s ...

e Leontodon autum nalis ...

e T rifo liu m rep en s ... ...

20 I I 4 0 I I I

10 I

30 3020 10

10 20

IX II I I I

2 1Ć

153 4■»

21 74 74

0 .2 5 ,30.1 0 ,30 ,3 0 ,2 0,1

0,1 0 ,2

2 531 33 2 1

0 ,0 2 0 ,5 3 0,01 0 ,0 3 0 ,0 3 0 ,0 2 0,01

0,01 0 ,0 2

36,10 ,2 0 ,30 ,2 6 ,5 0 .5 0 ,3 1 0 ,3 0 ,25 .2 0 ,2

0 ,2 7 5 0 ,0 0 0 ,4 0 0 ,2 7 8 ,6 7 0 ,6 7 0 ,4 0 1 3 ,7 3 6 ,9 3 0 ,2 7 0 ,2 7

0 ,0 0 3 s 0 ,5 0 8 ♦ 0 ,0 0 4 s 0 ,0 0 3 s 0,0 8 7 s 0,0 0 7 s 0,0 0 4 a 0,1 3 7 r 0 ,0 6 9 s 0 ,0 0 5 s 0 ,0 0 3 a

3 30 I I 8 11 I 0 .3 3 0 ,0 3 s 1 0 ,2 2 4 ,2 7 0,2 4 3 r

3 30 I I 22 29 IT 0 ,3 3 0 ,0 3 s 2 ,2 2 ,9 3 0 ,0 2 9 a

4 40 I I I 31 61 n i 0 ,4 4 0 ,0 4 s 1 2 ,9 1 7 ,2 0 0,1 7 2 r

1 10 I 10 13 i 0 ,1 1 0,0 1 s 1 ,o 1 .3 3 0,0 1 3 s

- - - 3 6 r - .. - - 0 ,3 0 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 4 8

1 10 I 4 5 0,1 1 0,01 s 4 2 ,7 5 6 ,9 3 0,5 6 9 ♦

1 10 1... 4 . 5 0,1 1 0,01 a 0 ,4 0 ,5 3 0,0 0 5 8

- - 2 ⁴ V - - • - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0,0 0 3 8

5 30 I I - • - 5 ,2 52 0 ,5 2 ♦ - - -

1 10 I 4 5 ^-r 5 ,0 50 0 ,5 0 ♦ 5 ,3 7 ,0 7 0,071 ⁸

2 20 I I 3 4 r 0 ,2 2 0 ,0 2 s 0 ,3 0 ,4 0 0,004 a

- P l a n t a g in e t o lia m a jo r is, h - L o lio -F la n ta g in etu m , IV. Ch: f - T r i f o l i o f r a g i f e r l - A g r o s t i a t a l i a , g

i - Polygono-Pofttea anr.uae P o t e n t i l l a a n se rin a ...

Ranunculus rep en s ...

L oliun nerenne ...

Plantago major ...

C apaella b u r s a -p a s to r is ...

Polygcnum a v ic u la r e ...

Chamorallla su a v e o ien s ...

Poa a nr.’., a ...

2 20 II K 7 0 ,2

2 20 11 12 16 I i o , c

3 30 I I 14 19 I 5 ,2

1 10 I 15 20 II 0,1

1 10 I 7 9 I 0,1

2 20 II 8 10 I 0 ,2

2 100 52 1

0 ,0 2 1 ,0 0 0 ,5 2 0,01 0,010,02

V. Ch: a - S e c a li& tea , b - S e c a l i e t a l i a , c - A p e r a ta lia , <1 Papaver rhoeas ... .. 1

Aethusa cynapiuu ...

Apera spica-vent.i ... ...

Matric&ria p erforat.a ...

Chamowilla r e c u t i t a ... ....

10

Aphanlon

0,1 1 0 ,01 s

1 8 ,60 ,5 1 .46 .4 2 8 ,00 .7

0 ,70 ,6

0.1 0 .30 .2 0 ,3 0 .2

0 ,6 7 2 4 ,8 0

1 ,87 0 ,5 3 0 ,9 3 3 7 ,3 3 0 ,9 3 0,80 0 ,1 3 0 ,4 0 0 ,2 7 0 ,4 0 0 ,2 7

0 ,0 0 7 s 0 ,2 4 e r 0 ,0 1 9 s 0 ,0 8 5 s 0 .0 0 9 a 0 ,3 7 3 r 0 ,0 0 9 s 0,008 3 0,001 a 0 ,0 0 4 a 0 ,0 0 3 3 0 ,0 0 4 s 0 ,0 0 3 3 VI. Ch: a - C henopodietea, b - Polygoao-C h im cp cd latalia

-S lsym b ricn

Chenopodiuiu album ... ...

A tr ip le x p a tu la ...*...

Polygonum la p a t h lfo llu m ssp.incanuia Polygonum la p a t h . ssp .ła p a t h ifo llu r a Lamium purpureun. ... . . „.

0 x a lia s t r i c t e ... ... ..

Sonchus o le r a ce u s ...

Chenopodiun polyopermum ...

Sisymbrium I c e s e l i i ...

Sisymbrium o f f i c i n a l e ...

Malvo n e g le c ta ...

D e s c u r a i n i a a o p h i a ... ...

L a c t u c a s t r r i o l a ... ...

Malva sylvestris ... ...

Eu-Polygono-Chenopodion, d - S is y m b r ie t a l ia -

10 ^T 24 32 II 0,1 1 0,01 c 5 1 ,9 6 9 ,2 0 0,6 9 2 ♦

- 4 5 4 - - - - 0 ,6 0 .5 3 0,0 0 5 3

- 4 5 ♦ - - - - 0 .6 0 ,5 3 0,0C5 8

10 I - - <- o,1 1 0,01 s - - -

10 I 3 4 V 0 ,1 •1 0,01 a 0 ,5 0 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 4 S

- - 2 3 r « - • - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 S

- - 4 5 + - - - - 0 ,6 0 ,5 3 0,0 0 5 8

• - 2 3 r - - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0,0 0 3 s

30 I I 2 3 r 0 ,3 ^« 0 ,0 3 3 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0,0 0 3 s

- - ę 12 i - - - - 0 ,9 1 ,2 0 0,0 1 2 3

10 ⁱ 2 3 r .0 ,1 ¹ 0,01 S 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0,0 0 3 S

- - 3 4 r - - - 0 ,3 0 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 4 3

- 2 3 r - - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0,0 0 3 S

- 2 3 r - - - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0,0 0 3 S

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175

Table 1 continued

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1?

V II. Ch: a - A r te m isie te a y u lg a r is , b — O nop ord etalia a c a n th ii c - Onopordion a c a n t h ii, d - E u -A rctio n , d - A lli a r i o n , f - C o n v o lv u le ta lia sepium, g - Senecion f l u y i a t i l i s , h - o th er synanth rop ic s p e c ie s a A rtem isia y u lg a r is ... 6 60 IV 58 51 I I I 5 ,5 55 0 ,5 5 ♦ 8 7 ,6 1 1 6 ,8 0 1 ,1 6 8 1 a U r tic a d io l c a ... •> 50 I I I 54 72 IV 2 2 ,8 228 2 ,2 8 1 1 0 6 ,6 1 4 2 ,1 3 1,421 1 a Daucus c a ro ta ... 2 20 I I 5 4 r 0 ,2 2 0 ,0 2 s 0 ,3 0 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 4 s

a Tanacetum y u l g a r e ... - 5 7 ♦ - - - 0 ,5 0 ,6 7 0 ,0 0 7 s

b S ile n e a lb a ... - - - 14 19 I ^— - - - 6 ,3 8 ,4 0 0 ,0 8 4 s

2 20 II 5,1 51 0,51

c B erteroa incana ... 1 10 I 4 5 + 0,1 1 o;ói s 0 .4 0 ,5 3 0 ,0 0 5 s

c Carduus a ca n th o id es ... - - - 5 4 r - - 0 .3 0 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 4 8

c M e lilo tu s o f f i c i n a l i s ... - - - 2 3 r - - - - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s d Rumex o b t u s i f o l i u s ... 2 20 II 6 8 I 1 0 ,0 100 1 ,0 0 1 0 ,6 0 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 8 s d Lamium album ... 1 10 I 11 15 I 0,1 1 0,01 s 1.1 1 .4 7 0 ,0 1 5 s d B a llo ta n ig r a s s p . n ig r a ... 2 20 II 16 21 I I 0 ,2 2 0 ,0 2 s 2 3 ,9 31 ,8 7 0 ,3 1 9 r d Arctium tomentosum ... 1 10 I 13 17 I 0,1 1 0,01 s 1 8 ,7 2 4 ,9 3 0 ,2 4 9 r

d Leonurus c a rd ia c a ... - - - 4 5 ^♦ - - 0 ,4 0 ,5 3 0 ,0 0 5 s

d Armoracia r u s tic a n a ... - - • 4 5 + - - - 0 ,4 0 ,5 3 0 ,0 0 5 s

d Im patiens g la n d u lif e r a ... 1 10 I 1 1 s 0,1 1 0,01 s 0,1 0 ,1 3 0,001 s

e Im patiens p a r v if l o r a ... 2 20 II 9 12 I 3 7 ,6 376 3 ,7 6 1 3 3 ,0 4 4 ,0 0 0 ,4 4 0 r

e Chaerophyllum aromaticum ... 1 10 I 2 3 r 1 7 ,5 175 1 ,7 5 1 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

e Chelidonium majus ... 1 10 I 19 25 I I 0,1 1 0,01 s 4 6 ,5 6 2 ,0 0 0 ,6 2 0 ♦ e R eynoutria s a c h a lin e n s is ... 10 100 V 1 1 s 7 0 0 ,0 7000 7 0 ,0 0 4 0.1 0 .1 3 0,001 s e R eynoutria Japon ica ... - - - 75 100 V - - 5 8 6 7 ,5 7 8 2 3 ,3 0 7 8 ,2 3 3 5

e Chaerophyllum temulentum ... - - - 2 3 r - - - - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

e Myosoton aąuaticum ... - - - 3 4 r - - - - 0 ,3 0 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 4 s

e A l l i a r i a p e t i o l a t a ... - - w 4 5 + - - - - 0 ,4 0 ,5 3 0 ,0 0 5 s f C a ly s te g ia sepium ... 2 20 I I 13 17 I 5,1 51 0,51 + 1 8 ,7 2 4 ,9 3 0 ,2 4 9 r g SaponaCia o f f i c i n a l i s ... 1 10 I 4 5 + 0,1 1 0,01 s 5 .3 7 ,0 7 0,071 s g S o lid a g o g ig a n tea ... 1 10 I 13 17 I 0,1 1 0,01 s 1 1 .2 1 4 ,9 3 0 ,1 4 9 r

g A ster s a lig n u s ... - - 2 3 r - 1 7 ,6 2 3 ,4 7 0 ,2 3 5 r

h B rlza media ... 2 20 II - - 5,1 51 0,51 + -

h Anthoxanthum odoratum ... .... 2 20 II 5,1 51 0,51 ♦ - -

h F estu ca rubra ... 4 40 :i i 6 8 I 1 0 ,2 102 1 ,0 2 1 1 8 ,0 2 4 ,0 0 0 ,2 4 0 r h V io la odorata ... 1 10 i 1 1 s 0,1 1 0,01 S' 0.1 0 ,1 3 0,001 s h V eronica chamaedrys ... 3 30 i i 6 8 I 0 ,3 3 0 ,0 3 S 0 ,6 0 ,8 0 0 ,0 0 8 s

h Hyoericum perforatum ... 1 10 i 2 3 r o,1 1 0,01 s 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

h Pclygonum p e r s ic a r ia ... 1 10 i 2 3 r 0,1 1 0,01 s 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

h Lapsana coramunis s sp . communis . . . . 1 10 i 3 4 r 0,1 1 0,01 s 0 ,3 0 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 4 3

h Glechoma hederacea ... 1 10 i 4 5 + 0,1 1 0,01 s 1 7 ,8 2 3 ,7 3 0 ,2 3 7 r

h Rudbeckia l a c i n i a t a ... 1 10 i 3 4 r 0,1 1 0,01 s 5 ,2 6 ,9 3 0 ,0 6 9 s h Lupinus p o ly p h y llu s ... 1 10 i 4 5 5 ,0 50 0 ,5 0 0 ,4 0 ,5 3 0 ,0 0 5 h Geum urbanum ... 1 10 i 5 7 ♦ 0,1 1 0,01 s 0 ,5 0 ,6 7 0 ,0 0 7 s

2 3 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3

h S en ecio v u lg a r is ... - - 2 3 r 0 ,2 o ;2 7 O’, 003 s

h V ic la sepium ... - — - 2 3 r - - - - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

h Lathyrus tu b ero su s ... - - 2 3 r - - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

h L in a ria y u lg a r is ... - - - 2 3 r - - - - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s h G a le o p sis t e t r a h i t ... - - - 2 3 r - - - - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

h Medicago lu p u lin a ... - - - 2 3 r - - - - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

h S en ecio v is c o s u s ... - 2 3 r - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

h S t e l l a r i a media ... - - 3 4 r 0 ,3 0 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 4 s

h S in a p is a r v e n s is ... - - 2 3 r - - - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

h P i c r i s h ie r a c io id e s ... - - 3 4 r - - - 0 ,3 0 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 4 8

h G a le o p sis pubescens ... - - - 3 4 r 0 ,3 0 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 4 s

h A g r o stis te n u is ... - - - 2 3 r - - - - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

h Conyza ca n a d en sis ... - - 5 7 + *- - - - 0 ,5 0 ,6 7 0 ,0 0 7 s

h B ild erd y k ia co n v o lv u lu s ... - - - 12 16 I - 1 ,2 1 ,6 0 0 ,0 1 6 3

h Galium a p arin e ... - 17 27 I I - - - - 6 ,6 8 ,8 0 0 ,0 8 8 a

V II I . Ch: a - A gropyretea in te r m e d i-r e p e n tis ( t o t a l ) ; b Sedo -S c le r a n th e t e a ; c - Festuco-B rom etea a Poa compressa ... 1 10 I 2 3 r 0,1 1 0,01 s 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s a Elyraus rep en s ... 2 20 I I 36 48 I I I 5,1 51 0,51 + 7 7 ,6 103 ,4 7 1 ,0 3 5 1 a C onvolvulus a r v e n s is ... 1 10 I 17 23 II o,1 1 0,01 s 1 .7 2 ,2 7 0 ,0 2 3 s a Carex h ir t a ... - - - 2 3 r - - - - 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

a Eąuisetum arven se ... - - - 10 13 I - - - - 1 0 ,8 1 4 ,4 0 0 ,1 4 4 r

a Cirsium arven se ... - - - 13 17 I - - - 6 ,2 8 ,2 7 0 ,0 8 3 s

b Rumex a c e t o s e l l a ... 1 10 I 1 1 s 0,1 1 0,01 s 0,1 0 ,1 3 0,001 s

b C alam agrostis e p ig e io s ... 1 10 I 4 5 + 0,1 1 0,01 s 5 ,3 7 ,0 7 0,071 s

b Hieracium p i l o s e l l a ... - - - 3 4 r - - - - 0 ,3 0 ,4 0 0 ,0 0 4 s

c A rtem isia ca m p estris ... 1 10 I 4 5 0,1 1 0,01 s 1 0 ,2 1 3 ,6 0 0 ,1 3 6 r

c Asparagus o f f i c i n a l i s ... 1 10 I 1 1 s 0.1 1 0,01 s 0,1 0 ,1 3 0,001 s

IX. Ch: a - E p ilo b ie t e a a n g u s t i f o l i i , b - Ouerco-Fagetea ( t o t a l ) . c A ln etea g lu t in o s a e , d - o th er f o r e s t s p e c ie s

16 7 5 ,6 1 ,0 0 8

a T o r i l l s Japon ica ... 2 3 r 0 ,2 0^27 O’, 003 s

b Aegopodium pod agraria ... 2 20 I I 24 32 II 0 ,2 2 0 ,0 2 s 1 0 6 ,7 142 ,2 7 1 ,4 2 3 1

4 2 7 ,5 3 6 ,6 7 0 ,3 6 7

d C o n v a lla r ia m a j a lis ... 1 10 I 1 1 3 0,1 1 0,01 s O J 0 J 3 O’,ÓO1 s

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Table 1 continued

1 2 3 4 ___ 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 U ¹⁴

D. Mosses

X. Ch: a - P olygono-P oetea annuae, b - C oryn ep h oretalia, c F a g e ta lia s i l v a t i c a e , d - o th er f o r e s t ., meadow s p e c ie s

a Ceratodon purpureus ... 20 I I 5 7 ♦ 0 ,2 2 0 ,0 2 8 0 ,5 0 ,6 7 0,0 0 7 s

b T o rtu la r u r a lis ... 20 I I 2 3 r 0 ,2 2 0 ,0 2 S 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0,0 0 3 s d Anthoceros sp ... 10 I 2 3 r 0,1 1 0,01 S 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0 ,0 0 3 s

d Barbuła u n g u icu la ta ... 10 I 2 3 r 0,1 1 0,01 s 0 ,2 0 ,2 7 0,0 0 3 s

d Leptobryum pyriform e ... 10 I 1 1 s 0,1 1 0,01 s 0,1 0 ,1 3 0,001 s

S p e c ie s occu rrin g i n 1 r eco rd : Ib: 2 . Acer p la ta n o id e s b .+ , Corylus a v e lla n a b 1 , Evonymus europaeus b 1 . Ic:

2 . R ibes nigrum b ♦ . Id : 2 . Frangula alnu s b 1 , Populus tr e a u la b 1 . I e : 2 . Symphoricarpos a lb u s b 1 , Prunus d o n e s tic a b ♦ . I l a : 2 . . Phragm ites a u s t r a lis ♦ , S crop h u laria umbrosa ♦ . I lb : 2 . G ypsophila m u ra lis ♦ . I llb : 2 . Cirsium oleraceum ♦ , P e t a s i t e s hybridus ♦ . I l l d : 2 . Crepia b le n n ia ♦ , Knautia a r v e n sis ♦ . IV f: 2 . A g ro stis a lb a ♦ , Mentha l o n g i f o l i a + , Rorippa s y l v e s t r i s ♦ , Rumex c risp u s + . IVh: 2 . Sagina procuabena ♦ . IV1: 1 . Le- pidlum ruderale ♦ . Va: 2 . Agrostemma g ith a g o ♦ . Vb: 2 . Geranium d is s e c tum ♦ . Vd: 2 . A rabidopaia t h a lia n a ♦ , V eron ica h e d e r if o lia ♦ . VIb: 1 . Polygonum l a p a t h if o l iu a s s p . la p a t h ifo liu m ♦ . VIc: 2 . Euphorbia p ep lu s ♦ , Ga- lin s o g a c i l i a t a ♦ , G. p a r v if lo r a ♦ , Sonchus aaper ♦ , S. arven aia ♦ . VId: 1 . Bromus tectorum ♦ , Bunias o r le n - t a l i s 1 , Corispermum h y sso p ifo liu m ♦; 2. Iva x a n t h i i f o l i a 1 , Sisymbrium altissiraum ♦ , U r tic a u ren s ♦ . VIIb:

2 . A rtem isia absinthium ♦ . V IIc: 1 . Echium vu lg a re ♦ ; 2 . Oenothera b ie n n ia ♦ . VI Id: 2 . Arctium mi nu a ♦ , Echi- n o c y s t is lo b a ta + , H elia n th u s tuberosus ♦ . V IIg: 2 . Cucubalus b r a c c ife r ♦ , Cuscuta europaea ♦ , S o lid a g o cana- d e n sia ♦ . VIIh: 1 . B ild e r d y k la dumetorum ♦ , P im p in ella sa x ifr a g a ♦ , V inca minor 1; 2. Cichorium in tyb u a ♦, Malva a lc e a ♦ , Lamium maculatum ♦ , Lapsana communis aap. interm edia ♦ , Ph aseolu s v u lg a r is ♦ , S e n e c io v e m a lis 1 . V IIIb : 1 . Myoaotia s t r i c t a ♦ ; 2 . Galium vernum ♦ . Y IIIc: 1 . Plantago media ♦; 2 . Bromua in erm is * , Euphor- b ia c y p a r is s ia s ♦ . IXa: 2 . Epilobium a n g u stifo liu m ♦ , Rubus id aeu s ♦ . IXb: 1 . D ryop teris f i l i x - m a s 2 . Da- c t y l i s glom erata s s p . a sch erson ian a ♦ , Impatiena n o li- t a n g e r e ♦ , Poa nem oralis ♦ , IXc: 2 . Solarium dulcamara + . IXd: 1 . D ry o p teris ca rth u sia n a ♦; 2 . Glechoma h ir a u ta ♦ , Humulus lu p u lu a ♦ , Myoaotia s p a r s i f l o r a ♦ . Xa: 2.

Bryum argenteum +, B. c a e sp itic iu m ♦ . Xc: 2 . Atrichum undulatum ♦ . Xd: 2 . Brachythecium salebrosum + , Eurhyn- chium s w a r tz ii +, Punaria hygrom etrica 3, Marchantia polymorpha 3.

Explanation: Nos. of association: 1 — Reynoutrietnm sachalinensis (10 phytosiociological records), 2 — R. japonicae (75 phytosociological records), A — species freąuency: a — number of occurrences, b — per cent freąuency, c - class of per cent freąuency (s, r, +, I-V), B — per cent species coverage: a — summary coverage (after calculation -r, + - as 0.1,1-5, 2-17.5, 3-37,5, 4-62,5, 5-87,5), b — species coverage coefficient (calculated by dividing the number of summary species coverage by the number of phytosociological records in the table and by multiplying this number by 100), c — median per cent species coverage, d — class of median per cent species coverage (s, r, 1-5). In the list of species occurring only in one phytosociological record of both associations the following were successively given: No. of syntaxonomic plant group, association No. and after the named species — only its per cent coverage in the 5-degree scalę (here grades +, 1, 3 only) X = syntaxonomic group containing only occasional species listed at the bottom of the Table.

Phytocenoses with Reynoutria sachalinensis and with R. japonica occur on habitats with mesophilous surfaces, weakly turfed or newly-loosened, dusty-loamy, abundant to a different degree with dust, gravel, rock and concrete crumbs and with various garbage, industrial and communal waste and others. On the average like in other typical ruderal communities, these are soils that are strongly alkaline and with differing content of humus and CaCO3, K2, N-NOj and N-NHj. An exceptionally high content of P2O5 was reported only in the soils of single expanses of the two phytocenoses (Tab. 5).

PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE

The proposed phytosociological taxonomy of the differentiated syntaxons with Reynoutria sachalinensis and with R. japonica is as follows (Tab. 4):

Class: Artemisietea uulgaris L ohm ., P rs g . et T x. 1950 Order: Onopordetalia acanthii B r.-B I. ex T x. em G o rs 1966

Alliance: Alliarion O b e rd . (1957) 1962

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177

Table 2. Distribution of frequency classes (a) and classes of median per cent species coverage (b) those taken from trees and shrubs (A, B), herbaceous plants (C), bryophytes (D) and their total (A-D) in associations (after Table 1): 1 - Reynoutrietum sachalinensis,

2 — Reynoutrietum japonicae

Nuaber o f coamunity

Layer o f p h y to c en o sis A-D

1.

C D A-D A,

2 .

D

B c

C la s se s o f p resen ce (a )

and co v er s p e c ie s (b ) a b a b a b a b a b a b a b a b

a b

3 8 67 62 5 73 166 8 12 57 144 8 10

r P 62 18 5 2 54 16 3 -

♦ ♦ - 13 - - 13 - - 22 6 - - 21 4 1 2

I 1 53 6 - - 50 6 3 - 25 5 1 - 24 5 - -

II 2 28 - - 26 - 2 - 9 - - - 9 - - -

I I I 3 4 - - - 4 - - - 3 - - - 3 - - -

IV 4 1 1 1 1 1

V 5 1 - - 1 - - 1 1 - - 1 1 - -

s-V s - 5 07 - 82 5 196 14 170 12

1. Association: Reynoutrietum sachalinensis (M is ie w ic z 1976, F i j a ł k . 1978, 1991), em. n. nomen

1.1. Initial stage (of finał phase) 1.1.1. form: turf (meadow) 1.1.2. form: shrub

1.1.3. form: ruderal 1.2. Optimal stage

1.2.1. form: turf-shrub-ruderal 1.2.2. form: ruderal

2. Association: Reynoutrietum japonicae (M o o r 1958, G o rs 1975 et al.) em. n. nomen

2.1. Initial stage (of finał phase) 2.1.1. form: turf (meadow) 2.1.2. form: shrub

2.1.3. form: ruderal 2.2. Optimal stage

2.2.1. form: turf-shrub-ruderal 2.2.2. form: ruderal

The two associations of Reynoutrietum sachalinense and R. japonicae are

characterized by absolute single domination of Reynoutria sachalinensis or

R. japonica over other cooccurrent plants. Moreover, these are phytocenoses

characterized on the one hand by a very rich, and on the other, exceptionally

heterogeneous composition of species (Tabs 1, 2). The former phytocenosis

is composed of 87 species, the latter of 196 species. In one expanse of ei-

ther, 2-25 species from all plant layers were reported. Beside the dominants,

Reynoutria sachalinensis and R. japonica, the comparatively most freąuent

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Table 3. Taxonomic values of plant species in particular syntaxonomic groups (after Table 1)

Explanation: Nos. of associations: 1 — Reynoutrietum sachalinensis, 2 — R. jt cae-, z - number of species, g — sum total of species occurrences, t — sum total of species of all syntaxonomic groups (I-IX), G — collective species percentage, S — mean species freąuency, D — taxonomic values of species.