Revetments 2

(1)

\

"

\NTe'R.M11ctiAL Co<->~s

,~

(2)

,

\~

l?J<:.\lC'H

Af'Pt.,C,A..T IONS

-

t>e:s\~H

?M\Lös.cP\4V

L\

K (T 5'\.4."T'5

,n-i

G ~

e:-eAL

,-" PB

C)

'F' ~M

EN"'S

A-O()\

Ttct-4M..

'ï1l€t)~CAL

C_a../~

I

o~eA

~s

l...oÀ-O

~c

~~C¬

l=IL~

~

O\MEN

~ol-i'

'N.G

S<:O.,)~

'P1<3o~loi

/,~1:S

koEf~1À(.

'" K ~

$ (ot-{.S

~<4.L

o,~s.,ot-iS

El~€M"T"

~

'(:)~I

Ll

.!Y

f.FS

cF

~~,...s

I

E-XECü-n

01-(

'\-1~~

u )\

l,.c)O$ë

~t.L

A-ST

~

'IC.€'"'O

M

Ll.ÄST

CLC>

kt S\

Vl;"

TYÇJf!?5

(3)

,

1. lli.E.EAL

I N

l_B

Q]

.

U

C_TJ

m

i-

.u

o

_Q.

Bl_\~.Lr.:··

~:_.

TS_

.

_

WHE.tLA

tu

LiIJiERU_O_

.

!.LSE_.l.

1itlElL

• WHEN NON ACCEPTABLE

SCOUR(EROSIOHJ

IS EXPECTED

OF NO~ OR

~i

ENOUGH CCHE.S

1Y:_

sen

TO!'.

t'

;

Ä

TER

1t

,

LS

s

:

J

e!.

1-

.

5 :3

t-fm

OR 5 I LTY

SA~:O.

SCOUR BY WAVES AND CJRRE

N

TS •

• SCOUR

:PERMANTLY

OR IN THE CONS1RUCl

Ion STAGE OF THE.~

· tORKS.

}!HEN

NQI

• SCOUR OF SHORT DU~ATION

• PERIODS OF SCOUR FOLLOW~D

BY PERJOJS OF SANDING

UP.

• COHESIVE

MATER!AL

SUCH AS CLAY OR ~OCI~ IS UNDERLYING

THE

SAND AT A SHORT DISTANCE.

• EQUILIBRIUM

SITUATIO

~

OF A SCOUR HOLE AT A FOR ~HE

CON-STRUCTION

NOH DA~GEROUS

DEPTH.

• RESERVE

J

N THE CGNS TRUCT ION STAB

i

L

1 TY. CHEAPER

fHNJ

PRO-TECTIVE

MEASURES.

• THE BERODED

MATER

lAL

IS REPLACED BY SAND

J

SUCH A BEACH

(4)

,

-

.;

AND

CURRENTS

A

N

D

W

AVES

l

~~U:

~n

EY

SHJPS.

t ,

_.

-

·

e

_...

W 1 Nm</AVES

t

c_!(?

_.

1

'/

l

~\

.I.'

~

;

.

'::

~

I

~"n"

GROlr\~('''':/'

n=

PRCTECTION

CF !JH.E.S

A~~D L-Ai",S JAT

THE

~/,ji

OUH:="~

,

COAST OR Ir;

Eé

T

ë

.

l,RIES,

Ty,'E

OF

AHACK

;1~

(TIDAL)

CURREtr:-s

AND

\11NDi~A\'ES._

/'~

--~~

~

.'

DYKE

OR DAr

_.,,- ...••' :4'h.. ,.- .4' -.» _ "._

\ ~.= ..._

I ,..

=

NT

-

----_

.

---PROïECTlor~

o

r

t"

,

;"

:

;N

E

Pi

h~I

_

!!~E.

S

TYPE

0:=

ATT/I

.

Cr.

Mr,r\lJ'Ti ._~-... ..._~__.--..,____~, ,....__ ~. __ -.

-,_- --_ _~.~_/_~v ,...._{,_}',_.-_{_,},' .I'_...'"""

(5)

,

ENERGY LOSSES •

• DOWN

SïREAl"IS

CF

(R 1 VER)

CAf/,S,

AN

OVERFLOW.

TYPE OF ATTACK

CURRENTS.

\~ITH

~

__

*

-

:;=

rw

~r\'

=.ti'

__;

\

:

~

ti. .:... ~

~=D PROTECTlON \

.•

~

B. IEMPORARY

APP..LLCAï

j

C

'.

:

;

.s_

DUR I

NG THE CO

t

~STRUCr:

~t\f

TAGE OF AN

ESTUARY CLOS!HG OR A DI

K

E BREACH CLOrING

TYPE OF ATTACK

TIDAL CURRENTS

WITH

HIGH TURBULENCE

AND LABGE ENERGY LOSSES

_-

---..

---.

_---

_...

_-

_{_.---}

~

-

(6)

,

illE

APPLI(./TIO

NS

A

R

E. --~

A.I_

S

C

CONS

· TR:JC.

I

l

ot;

V:

I:

I

._.~

:..

,A

u

:

!C CON

L

1

r

)

O

N

S. ( ...

1.)

·

•

·

..:1

e.C'

I.'"

· ,

v " ,r... :. ...

C"L

'

"

l

'

<'

., t: ...J

L"r

I." ,_ ....

'

.

,

OF THE SEABEO

NEA~

(;;:!

CONSiRUCTICJI

'

J

1 r~();

OK NOT

ENTIRE:"Y

CAUSED

BY ThE

CONSTRUCTION

11SELF

(MEA~DERING

OF

RIVERS

1

\

SHIFT!~JC:

OF TIDAL

GU

'.

LIES

J

3C,L.CH

r-R0rë.CdON).

SOf<\ETIMES

IT

IS

POSSIR!.t

TO !I~FLLJENCE

THE COHESIVf:

OR THE

CONTACT

PR~SSURE

OF lHE

OqlGl~AL

BfD

~AT~~IAL

IN

SUCH

A

WAY

THAT

FURThEr.

PROTEC.TIO~;

IS

~~QT

NEC

· SSARY.

(COHESIOr~

IN-FLtJ::NCED

BY CHU1JC,AI.S.I

CCNTACT

PRESSllï=!~

jt

· FLUE

N

CED

BY PW1PING).

(7)

,

n.t

\:"

<:"

C,.À'>S

l

-;:'

<:..A

Tl~

or

~

Ve\M

~

tïS

CA.

~

€

l't-i

HA.1"\'f

W

A

\(S.

'"'"

~

'"t1-t

t'

~M

tA

'S

IUT'I

A'M~

i=<,S(,,

\

~

\U""'r'y ~

u~~

.

~

V'(AS:,

MAlT'r<~~

t:,..

eo

~~T WILLeW MA'Tr.

H"''TT.

+

~~1IeoP.

C:LOT'H I'" "'1'1"U MA-n".

~c.vP'('QP

...

~o...

c.~'üX::k..s

A:>c.v

P-e.ot' ""

a ~

A

\I ~

t..

POC.:vP"bR

+

~'Tbti~

A.s.P'fA,\.T

Sr.A.

to4 0 ArS~ LT

1=1'"

~"TbH~

'-A.'1

~ ~~" ~Ioa,(. ~

4~P~"L"'C4~

(8)

,

I~

~

lt-tl=I-OEl'(CE'

~

"t"'H~

~E'L

OF

"t"l4~

TOlÄ.L

c.oST

'5

'tU;

LA~~C:ST

__..

~E'AU.$.A.'T'IOf-f

or:

ï\.Ie-

Pll1bJ~

ne

~,4.U~:ç::rTl0t-(

?~u:~

CA.'\.4 Qe

D\VI'Oe"o

MTd

~E'

'\=o<...L.o"W \

l"(

G

!:."'("il-.

c::..e:-S :

"lt. $4;"At(.c'-'

~a

I'OE ~!>

(9)

,

\l'\

1'1-le

~\es.\ '$.'tÄc..~

'T~~

~I~ Q.~s~ct-U ~~ ~

W\-tAï?

_

~ve;~"'n~.)

~

Á

"

c:

A. l-4

"lC:-

.A.l-4.~W~

U

v M~S

o~

.a..

T

H

O~c;.~

A~c..\(S.IS

~

"T1\~

~~~.

A~

"T"rlAT "\"lo(.~ ~OW ~ - Q.c.>;:.s\lO~ ..."~L ~

~0.J

ÁIo40

ÄL~A"t1VfE

~.o~.s.

~

~~~"tt=1'.

Ä~

ÁM

EXAH

fl~

\H

"Tl-tfiE

t=t~'O

~

W'U~,.~

4,0

eç.\\ d'f

I

.s:

I

CS ...

d~

~

I'"

~

"II:J:r..,;;:..C_;P;llC'.-__,.~

~fL.;~

d..~

~

..

.

t::

')c ",.. <4 S XC

$:.

'TU~~

~

H ~1It\~e...

, "C

~

e'H e

~L

!

~

d"c. ~ ...

cLE:

':0

ene.

'dE:

.

I. 11=: -::::0

'dS

~

'l.

r1&:

'3.

n=

)(

.i

,

'Ç

_{~ ~}

C ê>

.s

cl

'IC: (!a

S."'"

ALL

THAt-4

_~~~A~L.""

,~

"\::.

lé.e~~ ,

l>uT

Á ~~ I~

T:..

~MAl<'"

(

"'N.A~

j ~~

cU.

-:f

ç

MAte...

A~

'0

o

(10)

,

KE

,4so~

Mens

S

t{

()()LO

"St

'1'"Ä

ctN

\(:) ~~

'\

-

lJ ""

AcCl:~

...

<..~

se

OU

\e\.

'M

(4 ~ Se=-'0I M E;:'N""fÀ

"no

'"4.

Sou..>Tcc:::lN.S ~

AV6\LA

'6L~ ~

I,

r.

I>~C.vee-ASItiC:

'fl.{E'

A TrACIc"

(WA~

MOVeMQ.(t).) ~

0

I,

't.

'~<:Re-ÄS(Hc:.

-n.4Cï:

S~C;"t'W'\

('E.E::~Ma"n")

'Je:

Ut1I'T

~~'tl=

DEs.ctel i(;S

~e-

-..e

uÀV(~e C>~

"T'K~

CofoU'T"It..O~ol-i

u~

LO~C(~~ ~t>I([lo~ ,....~~ \~

• \.Ju.:~

<":'_.'1e ~~

(~~~

~Q.Jc:.qU~~,

~~~~

(~~

1 L9~<":'1.(U__

.~~

~l~o..~

C

c:.u. ~

<...t. ~

~~~s

4 (oOl..!r

(~.!>,.._

~

C~tr

.

""~

'

• ~('~(~s~tJ~

c.ou..-..."..)A.

<..:.~

s~

( OCl~.

4,....:,

s ~

...t.~

(11)

,

.,~

~

'

~~\NC...

<:.~A<""~

's "rw. s~~

~

G"·f·

Au:..crtl!O'

N~ Ît) ~ ~

.J"lb<:~ ~

Co

e

\of;::..e~

oç ~~

..

~

"

,&~IM~

c.A."~"'T'f

Al'4D

-niç

l.ö~

n~~

IS ... C

"Tlt~

...

.

C'.

"

..

p-JU)

T1I~

L.o~.

"'SO'"114

c,a.", ,~

c~Ci\!'"-e~Ç".D

-.."

f~ftGf(_rry

;;,)'MCi1()l\,S

ot<

C'r\J'-~~~

'I~C;S

6~ ~~

1=\.n~

en

(:)W; •

t

tlbli" ",lr',..."

o~ e>l.c.E-\J

(12)

\

~~.

e::.:

+

1».;

~+

e-i.:

,';:In·.t ~"'''''

-l,-"

eç,

(!o

t

~f-t-(''' ~~~

,,~:: f'rcoC....(.:~~

of

f,...

rc.

TJ.le

LI11\T

S'Q..\t

C:~'H ~

Vf~.4

_,

(..

r ~

e-})

J

I

H~~u~

I

(13)

,

'&Iv

TWe 'fo1~)of ~ l..OA~ A~O S~4\~ "1.uT,oL.U.iO

"'

'1 ~

• ~

~ ~ O

· D

ev

~'1""\0~ . So ï1{f:

ye.e- L.

I

AliL'

"'T"f c:.;:

'"T'1.(

E:

~~

C1"\.C)l'1

cÄ~

'Se-

l't-\i='-V~CEl) ~'{

"'nt:?

"~PTIOM I~

>ï"iG9't~

~"MP.k>..e

l..06r-O

C> Ni)4E

~CJ\.OH.

10.

~~c.;'i\) ~

'W."T'14

A.

u;::H

S ~

H

i"

a.~M.rT·y

Or

~'-()I~

lo'\4'\e.e\b(. ~

~-¬ 77'rrJ

I~

",o~

~~'A~(.~.

ne.

~\.DWllH~

~~~(.~

M~'f

IU ..\..U"t'«A~

~tS

.~

(14)

,

-:tN

Tlit

s

ANA L Y , ISO

I'i

ë

I

S ~c.

e=-.o

T'O OE'ÇIp..( ~

~'""r-r~

A

PAILu~

~

W'-4AT

,~~e-

Qo'P..c...:A~, ...

T""

O~

T1te:

1=-AIUJ't?~

~,

A.t-\

D ~

6.T

l~

"'t\4.~

~

'\'1(.\

'Y>U\L

<:)

t-i

0 F

j1.( ~ ~ ~ I ~ j).(E;

?~~~IL,Î'J

o~

'P'4.(<...~

e~

"T'\.4~

c:.s::::::.M

Ç>(.~ ~ 3~<:''t'\~ .

.,-,(t:

r4LJL.

,..-re

Eë

,

s ~

.

SCH

€=,....,

,;4.

TlC

p~

~

"C:l"i

~

.

6,l(_ U...Pé SI

-.eA

~tE

8le-n:.s

"'f'1(A

r

M.4':j

tE;1...P

TC

4 ~A.(

we;;

~

"T\t ~

C.ooN

S'Qvc::...~

0=

ËV~"ï

-

.:;

j~.~~1

I

\

r

--.

n

IF

.

~êlTI

=c

,---J

(15)

,

C~~

I.

J

r-

L.::\00 ~

/'\-4:J

~ crl..

'=

8 '

~

a-("Z.)::

V

6

t,

~1""'.=

1C) \1>5 _lOC ~ ~S __" ;-- ('_) ':::- ,~~ _ (CO :: :, S'" ~ I:J ~)

=

V,

e ,

'l.o.S

t

=

I'l..1.

3

~C1J..)$,oH "

C,A,Cj.~

_{a_,}

!.J,..~

l=Ä~

As

_-

-

13S' ~ I~S'

""'I.

lA:::O I

b

J S~ ~ ~ l"OóZ..

.

~s.-

It '.,

";

'::'

(.u

)4L + 1,~'1Q"L.

S,

_f~(

_...

_~

:-

'Z,S

"'0

..

..,

<!Ä~

2. _~

5.4. ~ t:-;It..C ~

é»: _

--

\;S"

::

,.~S-rL

100

b)

S,4.~~Ac~

r

J -

I,

r..,CT

J

C)·9'1

:::" ~1. ~ t, ""

0""

S

_'f

_~,:lwe.

.::

9

~Io

-~

(16)

,

c.\.t~'(.AC.'TE'2..lZ.~'O

~y

e.e'(HOU:)~

~uM~:

lee. :. ~

U ï\(~

p.&1(T\~lE ~

LoA..'O

.._...,'t

D

G

~

lp

r,

I

~r

.::.

~

-

_tQctor.Q

₌

_o('l.

_(es

-e

3 t...

:

_{~(~to.-..t~~))}

w')

0 .

e~

& ~

f'ec..:~c:.

~ ~"'- ~

of

~C"h

'

c:.(,-ew~

spL~ç..·e

3~"':'~

et ~

~o

MoTlo",

· _•

•

(17)

r

LOA

C

Al'4'O

~IS~C.~

-..._...

----

---

'.

'"---tH~'T""

L¬ D

ee:.s.c:ve,

'PÏ\ 0

N

t::>1L"nl

t:

,

M\

"t1

I),.T\0lo1 01'" pjill.~ ~ (.

~o"nol'1

ooe

"ï~

~MoTtOl1

LS.

<;l~";

AL$O ,~

~Met\S

1..

104~,C

4ç.r()~

pnot-u ~

~,~

(c.'MA.1='TE \(

'2)

T

WE~

~c:.t

S

~

I2¬ ""<..4.'T'1: '0 "'T'b ~ ~

~ Trot'\ S\-l

e~

lC. ~ 1"ta'

'$

t:

0

~

l.o

lTl::>M,

'E:l'te-AQ.

'S.

'\II$SS

=

1:

c.

p.

cl

s

~~

~

nu

e-

'Tb Co.

Q4

"1l"f

c

€9Á.

d!.

::r

waï1-4

:

Q:: A

p

(18)

-

~--r---0. I

i

"

'

1

.1

.,..

.

+

~

.

-

.

::j-:::-

-'

.

f- ---;--;;,.. -'

1---4---- -t - - . --

.

J

-#,~_;r.,. ,ry. "__..lI!!! ,-.o_

I

4:}

••

1 ~. ..-.~-. -.. •• CI,'«.t.»

--

-

__

•

1. \

,..-

-

.

,

1-~_L

.

• +

~-I----'-~--I

o.~t:~2j~.~:~

1=

'

~

'

:

'

=

-~

'

=

'

:=

'

=

'

==

-

:$=======t===:===$=======$=======t-;!2~~~~

•

0-

Umlfl

• 0-

22_2 m",

• 0..

709Smm

r

00001L-_...1. ...L... ...I-__ ---l _.J... ....L...__ -"L.- ---L_ __J

~

_I

--I

o.

I

10'" 10'" 10"

----Cl,'

Varialion o( bed Joad transpOrt al low shear

valucs.

Dèbit de c:harriage à tensio" de rrotlcmcnl (aibic. .

~I

"'G'1S'

f

.

'

ij. 4,' • ...,,140 AUSWES A • elSey ., Gilbert

---Cl,'

Variation 0(bed Ioad transpext al high she:ar

valucs.

Débit de eharriage à tension de frottemcnt élevéc.

(19)

1

1-I-__+_-4--I--+-- -- . --f-.--

.l

-t--~--

-.-

-I---+----~

I- _{I- _}--

_+--f--

·--i--t- -- -- ~ \ -

_-.

_-

_I- _f-_f- _.

_L.

_f----+-

-~--~

_{_}

_.

_{_-1}

_-

_--

₊

_---1

I- .

1-+ - -

'

-

--

-

I--- .-.-

d

+-

-

-+- --

.

---4---- -i--f---

~

.

+-

-I-- ---~--- -H-+-+--+--+--...L----4-- .- --

+-

r

.

r-

i

--

-

o

-t-I- f--j--.-f- c

--~I-+-=

-

::-+-t

· - :~

-

~

l;f

:

i

~

~-+~-d

-

=

.Q~

I

I-I-__+_.+-....

_+--+_4-

-

Ö --1-4-41---1>-- -

--+---~

~

I~

rt-+;-~

I

-I-~-+--~----~~1~.~Q~~-+----+---

--r+-~_+_+_+--~--+----~~I- \ I- 1-1---~.-4 - - -- ---- ---I- -

t

.

,

--I-.-- .

-I--+-I-+--+-+--+---I'----

.~

~

ï

t ,

-

-Q-t----+---l " -1

1

1 .

Gi\ I-

&1+--I-+--<I-+-~--+-__:..--+----

-!U'-

-

'

.L

i

\

e

:

I

_o

II DI <l •

I

'

,

e

IA

~t-

· -

'_

-

._-

ti

I-t--r-~

t;~

-I---~ H-+~~__+_-I----+---I- ~ I _

lil

'I ~

~:

Ij

l

t \

)

i

I-I-f-+-f-+-I--+--..+---

f

--

t ~-

c~

-

+

_l

h

0'

p

~.;,.__-+--

:

-

--

-

eo

H++-+--+---+----4

-;]

=.r-

-+

=:~-hv~~

-

~

---

-

-~

I ~ I,

L

\

~ -

-'

~

r--+

-

fJ_

I---t---II(')

--+---'-,- .,.-

-

_J 1 7-+-~_"""""'I I

H-+-+-'_~---+--+---+--

g -

-

...

I_• ...-A1- I!LI-_I-~ __ -I- --I ~

Vl I

V

I 1)1 I--f-Jf-+-I--+--I--t--f-- __~

v~

I

.. :

l.t'

\

! /

e-

1I

,

I- -1--+-.-+---1---+---+-.--~/~- ~~-;-~

I-r+-++

:

-+-+--+---

4 +-

---/

.

+-

v-//-J-/7~

-

+I--

+-

"

+

î

+

-

'

+-+--

-:'

1-

1 --4-

+-

---

-i

l---

.

-

..

-

.

_.

--

---

.

H-+-+-+--4--I---+-

=':

-

.

,-

-I- -- -

--

.

I.P

V /- /

-

-I--1---' _I--- _ 0

7V-"

1-.- - -- --;

1-+~+-+--+-/4~+-

.

-

--

-+-r- -1-1- .- ~

o

,

~

I _vi

~

"0 ;>

_s;.

lI'l N lI'l

'"

r- U

...

C

....

C';! l.I'l L.. CJ) ....

...:

0 ':Il r-: u u .D 0 "'0

s: E

9

lI'l

...

'1.I'l r-:

c

tO "0

.~

....

"0til

-IJ)

s:

u ₀

~

C/') 'Cl

I(') VIl.I'l co.

U ;.,,'\... U

...

<:: c₀

0::

_z

~

lI'l

c

....

C';! 0_Z u_r-

_..c

u

-e

>-c

I/) N 0

9

tO 1.0 I(') <::

~

Cl

i

N

t;

l

::>

::r-I

i

+--_-+

~N --I----l---- _0 tO

-

---

-

.-

o

- -.. t---

-

---0

N

C>

tO

o

tO 1.01(')

~

0 0 <:: N

-

0 00 0 0 0

_C>

0

_{00 0}

0 0 0

O'àd'i7

.1:) 1 N

o

1(')0'l -0 1.0<::1.0 - O'l

NNNNI"--

c

-

-0 &I &I C

-

~

o E. s: -:~_?;

_~

g~!-

-c: ~ - ...

..

c0..c:

ë

0

~;:

~-~ s:

_...

'O.,.~~

-

&I c:"'cc: &I oE 0 0

~

Vlc.,:)VlVl Vl

.

,

0

0 e

....

E lOl"-u 1(')1(')1(')1(')1(') ... ONI''-N\D10101O C'_ _.--NfÇf _NNNN

~

-

_~

...

_

'ij _Vl_ s:

~~w:

Vl &I E ?; &I C

-Q

'"

0 o._Vl-,D.-:

..

" Ux::>c.,:) 0.

_~"'~

...

----._ _&I_-_"::

_-

_{ë - ~ ~ ~}

_-e u

'"

s s ss

s s s s

&I E._ ... 0 0 0 0 0 0 <l..JI.:>CDVlVlVlVl

E

_,..

₀ _e

.. ..

_-9-+

•

Vl

(20)

"

c::.oM't; \ N E

'0

"

teesLX....

T

0 t=

(..o.A..o 4.1'-\

D ~

t"\ ~

"'t"'l.4

Ot:

\"l.{e

f'

\'2.<)TF<:_T(0

f'-4

CD~ S~T IC

t'i .

rr

S kOUL. 0

Sê

"'\'Ä

\c:E=l'i

'

1'1

\C

Ac.

Cco

"

n°

\\-f A,.

IM ~

'H

Y

CAses

Ïl{E

'

I"\

VES."t1

c.,A."'oN

O~

~ç'

~C"H

~~

T1-(~ COloiST1euo 10'H

r

S

CA

-e-,e(~t:>

00'1

~'f

\1.4.

~'(ft-(

Ct

""k~

LD.6..'O (

SlllitE"A-..e

s"'\-.e

tsS)

4 ....0

ltOT

"'tMç:-

-"~tNG

"'t1.4.

-

_v

_'"

s.~

l=(~~l~

v~-

V"-"C - ~-

-

"'"

_<::.1.

(

'-\'=

e",,~

\j

1.

)

~s -

e"")

<:J

'0

c.

"t.

~~.C

=

~c-t:or

\J

V~b

~

~\s

"-\h~"

V-> "

t--e.(-~

of

'f2~)

~eo,."t.~

tk

~~~ dettrrt\\"''t.~

~

~~C:v..~t-s

(21)

"

Ho

"

Mo'TtoN AT

Aow..

r--~'

~

__ i

- - -

.

.,

~ cp..

q'/~~t)3Y't

q

s:

s.~'""~

I: tA

'o1.S'fC~

~

P,MeTl

C.Le

SQ.'6\U""t''1 oH

~(..o(/e~:

~

A-l.s,o

'9.'leEU~~~

~c...&oc;.E ~

'&'S.SuM~"tto~S

A.s.

UK\l=b~M l=LO"".1~Uu..y

o

Eve-c..oPft

'0

MI'tc.I'K(4/ ~H'O,4Ál.'1

C"A.'-JE-te

E"t"<:.

'T-4-4E'

~ULTS

~

~lrllELOS

4't4'D PA'\\~L

PO

,

~

HOLO

~

G6.~

o

l=

!.C..CcJ ~

Ç>'0:l ~\,

C)

N

l-(

e ~

\-\'1 O~.A..l..JlJ::.

s.~~,:ê.S:S.

11-(

~e

c.ASE"S

"T1-lE

Lo

~

V

r.e.e

",,(J(.T'~I~

0 OSv

Ar

~~":>

(

To

\A\(~

IHïO

Ac.c.o'-J'H\

i1:(¬

1t-i~\J.I€MC¬ ""

(22)

-~---

-t)E?Ta'Le:o

I

Nl='~

MAi

l

c:::a-c

't

c.~

1't"E"a I ~ :

STVoy

~I~

~~

T1\~

...~S'Ol.u~

c:....s:21~-e.,a:

-:7

J. <3

-J

<.. -'-O-(o-~--:~:-~O-

_-O-.OO-'-)rIo-·-:::::Y

:

-;J

UH

\

~~M''t'"'f

c::QIiê'~I~

\.

U:

1:>60

~'o

~

HIC.<Ii."tION

4

</0

Ç>oSSI~(& MI~~A"\'Ot.4

...

_:

te

<~ <'t...c:;)

Hl <; .tAIIO N

_~~"to

(23)

,

A~ÇjS'

~

-a.~

)"\ADE

"'t"'C

S~?A'~~\E

T~~

1"'m.~EbV.s

(.0.4:0

('BE'D

SI-<:~

.

\ ~.

S'r·~~

;

-.'

i,

:~e-

~

(}ot

Ct

~

rt'f

.

"

D~

"'\lt.ë

l-ët)MAn:~

~

C

C'eITI

C

.A-t.

9it~~

S;~S)

(CA!ASS'

''''tc)

~

~'

...

(24)

- rl!Jl

-.

~~tml

.l_

.

• -v.

Jij

r-

J

I

-

-"

r-I

!

,.

1 ~'i:1

I

_!~

_!

_J

_.

_ll

r-71~

-V

~v/

i~I

I

~

-

".~

_j_'t" ~/

vf'

·

1 '"

lt

Jï"

t-JJ.!i

V'

7~

r-Ir;

'"

_I

LrL

bt

-"""u~

-

~

/~,rv

t:

'

,~~r

r--J

-r-e,

.

/ L

t.I , fi.\\

",v

'p

r-II ~

_-

--r-

- -

~

-

\\,/

-~F-'

-_

~

ce.r ~

~..~

_I

UO~

I

~

.

~

.

_I ~ .~ 1\"\ • - 11 ~ ;?- \\

1 ,...,

...

:,..,..

_{(,/ ~();;r,..;;}

~f-

I

Pi

Il-

-

..:~

I

-

"

-t-

-

I-'-

_Et~11

_II

_I

--

r-

••t-IL

!....-=

~

1:.

1,.'

6,81

~/"ti~,

diQG1tftr -~ 0,,101.

(25)

t).o

t

~ooo

D~b

1000

$co

't.OO

lco

~o

1.0 \-0

S

'2.

~

\

,

\

'\

r\.

UN

~~

iiu:

"

r-,

S't

~~

~E'

...

...__

(26)

,

01 -

.

"

9 11 - ._- --.-

--

.

--

.

_

.

~

7 6 ...

_

-

--'1CT ~-:-:4

ói..E'

:

_

.

•

,

-

_

1 --- -_

r:

I

1 _~

../

.

_

-

._-~

I 0..•• ~""" I

.

-_

.

_--6

,

•O__

.,

'!"'"

~_

_

O... :20mm J --- O-.:!OO,.,.,., 2 ~..-- .

S.

'T"A ~ •.

'ë

-

--

--.

-

..

-

_-' 1 _ o Q2' Q~ Q7' '00 '.2' vsc '.7; 1.(,<02.2' l~ V, J,OO3.2' l~ --~m )C 1_')C

-+_

-

100 (

(27)

,

Q..

ACC.

~I

C~lCûlll\tol'1S:

S~ Çl~ .. ~

lO~:

GOIH

Sl~ O\S~"SuT'\CN W~Tr~

As.:

LOA'()

CC1M'"

'Tl O't-\}

~~€l2

IH

'"'\'AE

tM~'l-'

.sc::~~

c....O'T

T"H.€··

\al-P'Ie.4"Het:"

O~

l="1L ~

~ë ~,&. V \~ 'WJ>.,S

I"'AC<~

v.LE:.

.

-n-tt"eE F-ö'12.E.

t2..E=S-.:::~

Ti

wAS. ~

e-

0 $,)T b.~

-...!6.JL

A.J ~ \).{

t:

(.000 c:.0'M0.D

1\'\

cY-U

~~ ~

~e

~l'fG11r1 <:;i1t=- ï'll~ l=l ....~ Cbt-4~~~~.

f I'

..

~

.

(

1>

!

_"

;?<

::

_:

·

1

(28)

\

.

~ \~1

..

[-t~,...

[\\\]

41~S~

~~{

:x::

c:... =)

I~

l

.".I~

nÇ"''\3

'104~...ce

~=

'05'0

~ile--r

')

O._ '::

D

5"0

\..a..s.cz..

\\ ':'

poc-~~

~(.kr

V~

_

S\UELOS C:('~~. ".

'bA5e

e,.

-peHf:~ "T'ICI'1 U!>€~ F\(..~

\ ,.,'Poss,

,te

(29)

~'L~ ~<.TION ('-IMI'T ~'1Ä"\E:)

~1lS

0 "

1"'\-(e

e:

FF

aT

o~

110f

IS

~E+i

A

\JIOU

'Ie

0

1'-.

iJ.{~ !>"'\';ttAJC'Tl ~ •

I1"iS~c.e:~

'F,c..~

c::..J:t-t

~~'T1ol'-' lli ~ ..eeVET'ME'f'IT :

'T~~

(.pS:> oç: ~'C'."l,.\LlT"Y

of

SoMe-

GI2""lo4S

~

~ 1='" ILT'E'te ~ ~~<:'ï\ct-4

1;6

AH-

a€\'"'\S1T ~

oç:. \)( ~ 'Ço...)~'004ïlON O~

-n..e:

S~M ~1(,c..E=

1-~t€)9

:

C)elTLEKe"'''fT t;>...)è ~ (~)

,).t~~~u..4~"'1

I~

°l "

Hoï

.a..c:.c.~PTë'O.

~,.,..~

e:e:sLlL.TS

'"1E"l1TIOt'i~'P

~LO"'"

THE

r

_c,r" IS

T~~

1'~Hët"E'e

;:~..lU~T;:

a

:B.(

..

E

~\)(Oil)~

O~

"1"14 ~ ~,~.

:I:c....

==-

C.fè..(;:~c.ol. S(~dL~

i..

t~

~

~e.d~~

~r-

\

~

~er~c..~

un cl~r

V'Q,V\t_W. ._. .. ':' ~'.. «, F-" Of..' •• : :--~ ..~ ..~ .".

-

J...-

~

-1

ê\"

-

- - y

~, '

'.

'

L.

:r

P (

D

'Qf

)

Cl"::'

t

\"

l

'D\, )

"".ç

(30)

\

C '1Ct.Ic..

s.

C'fcuc..

.

V:

.

-:- ':

s.~'Tlc:.

'-=- :: (.

~a.J e,

'J:~ . ,~.

<

-rCl'"

~~4: •

CYCUt.

i·

t:::: \

(.Y

CL' c,

-+-

co."\":a.'"

l e,

"l.~

~A.C'TlCtol

~~

Moes

o(:a

l.5~

~t.

~E:

AS~.

r

_u.

_c.-,

&.l'

_te..

EB

t

é3.

c

yCr...l e

.or

ST,&.TIc..

~

~Sba.~.

Ic.r.

c~(.

=c

,~

:r

S'T].T

::.r

Cr. ~~.,.

(31)

~ULT

s.

(:)'F

~9e=-e

I

M

E').\\

s

(nE<.vT'êO

IH

1'l-l~

;:A<:.(\..IT\t=S

IH

TI-l

1: :;:\~

~

.> 0e\_1="'\

~"O~U(..

L.A~~"E'I)

\

.

"2.

.

3. \

7}

~Ul..~~t~&

..·

_.~

1:>'.

... hr' t:ç/D\::,

n.t.

t2eSUL

r s

~

l'-.,Q:)M ~

~e

-.el M€l-I"t.$

W

,.,..Iof

~4t4

o

I. o~o ~

I

5'0

r~

'l..

P

So ~ '1.'2.0 _;...

(32)

oOI

----"k--STATIC FlOW PARALLEL ANO PERPENIXULAR TO INTERFACE

100 Hl",

CYCLIC FLOW PARAI lFI Tr- ••'~rQ~ACE

H"",.

b

!'-~'Io

_ '1-)00'10

,

_~

-

'

_'_1·100'10 EX OEO OR "'O'E_H~r _'

• o'J:O"' ..

_ r..=..

=====

=-E

11 _-

_..

-STATIC ANO CYCLIC FLOW PERPENOICULAR TOINTERFACE

I

ct.-ulral.nsloft u111quid A ... 'lat,cI

".od

-Jond _er

-l~'i!f..?~

1..---. - -~!>.s~~ _... _Ira,.

CYCUC FLOW PERPENOICUlAR TO IN TERFACE

STATIC FLOW PARALLEL TO INTe;RFACE

-mot

(33)

Lo.4 '01l-tG 01-4

'"

:c

((.,=,c.lC:~)

cr

I

~~\Ië

'T'1"t~

~\L~Q)\u~""*J

--OH

.

IS ~ ;:I<"~ W!"Tl1 A~(.~llo( ~ ~'-l~ te{CNA

" O\ot

(34)

c.

yc::..c..a

e,

" _,A

.. _

e

r

gor

_{, I} I

I

,

_I

00

,

70

l\

~

1 "'t'---.

1 -

~

&0 lil I

';"'"

R-T-eo

! •

T~l=

! P"i~"9

1$1

I 0 10 20

r

₅_· Ir

~ ~

i

~JO

120

2

10 o _JO _ol() _5G _~ ~l _{_'"} _{ttt_t} _...._{_} _!"lol~

O_.,~ ....

D,o. • lil...,1..

a

t

'lOr

1101---I

\ 70L..

i

-,

~

&0 0 0

~~t

l_ 1--1-

,

~

~f\1

0 0 20 JO 40 !!O 60~ 10 o _ t_',Iter'mGt~ ('fol·

o~ ••

I~ ... D,o. • ~ "',. • " ,2:!

-

11d

b~.. \:,

:-I~o)"~ bç-o ~

=

1.&)--'O~C

:

&

l>~~

(35)

ST,il. ,.. ,

c...

" 10 " 9 _ 8 .. 7 " 6

1

•

n

,

-,

!,

'l! "'.

~

~"

"

1\

-,

""

"

~

Î'

r-

:'-'t5l

"

-

.,.for'" 10'1.. ""01...,1 _-"'v"!

-

(I), \, t.o 2,:;1 I\.

<,

,- _{.. 'lI~Qvtl} ₁_{q~o,.ry .tone}

!l

,-<;

_""p

1- _• _,_{coo,. ••} _$on4/spl_i_t

"

r-!-

a

.fin. land I SPII~ e "jn~ send 1grove' •.• ,<llabo". bilt g,.aded

I

filt.,rmateria: ~~: 10)

,

, ).5678910 2 )., 6 7 89100 -- ...0.0 ,ilt.,"/ 0 ol ~ ba •• 2 ) ~ ;: 20

• ...

_o

..

ca 2 ~"T\c..

Î

200 Ha

100

- r-I

-

TO;r~~1~

_I

l

0 j

I

.

_I

\

!

o\b

L

~~~4bt~

1 ~

I

\

'I

1

PI;~Ë:TR.4T'\~

J

I\:

I I

P ?,o\' =

t50~\_\_

I,

_I

i

d_

I

....

n.

"

I

~·t,,

1

· !

.~I

I

~

~,

~N

~e

~EI~TlcN

10"

ol

~

I

,

_i 0

I

WUI

I

3 4

5

6

7

8

700

600

500

400

I... U

300

01

(36)

eoo

Î

.

_

.--.,-- -i 700

---4-

-

.

:

--- "'t ... A 1,"-3.'"""

O~

,.

3." mm 0>01 •2.0"''" ", : J3'10

-

_

.

_

'''

I~ e

'-10", ... O~I' 7.0 ... 0>0' , '.' """ .".~

....

'" 0"',

0"'" , ..

.

..

"I 0>01 --,13 0"'1) -1 E~ O~ c::.~l}4 f~Sl..leÇ D~

'l:"(..r

(37)

n\

!

_\1

_'

=F

I

+

'

\

I

....

v,,=,

\

I

0l§t

~

A

-

_\c..

I

-

.

-

t-- ---'

r-r-

_

i

ï;

c

~c.

~~c.

;

,

\Y

\

p

f>E'Hc=

T2A

i' O"i

I

,

~

1 I

\

;~

l

'b ',~

i

\

x

o~, I

\

\-

~

_{__.}

.\

\

_{~ 01"-}

I

.

I

n

"

I:] I

K'~I

~\l

_"

r-,

I\ i....

~r5

_r-.

_,

~

PENETet.ilClti

'\

,"

~

~b=~46U

r

»

~

.--

-'\

-,

<,

\

-,

:

.

1 ',

4(\"

::''5~

I'

~ O~I"I: 220j-Im

r--~

f- _{--. .____}_I_{r--_}

-

---::::---,

..

" O~I"I;!50 )Jm

I

I I

-I

-~

I.

k

ISO 140

C. '1

(.L\

c,

130 120 110 100

-

E

"!' 90

g

..

eo

...

-

l) 70

~

0

1

60 5() 40 30 20 10 O, ₂ ₃ ₄ ₆ ₇ ₈ ₉

--+

"1'

Ç)'20tlo ~

0.4 200

--T-

₁

_'

_-

_'

---.

I

1-_

I - -i ,/,: , 50 '-,_ .' ~,/ ___-__ f-, I

r-,

t

"

'

\

..._~ ,// I \ 00 I_I -_ _T

I

\

i

\

tn;

-

-.

;I.

\

50

-l-I

~

"

I

\

I

J

T~lo" ~

\

0 I I

cv cue:

+

S1A.'T\c.

0.3

...

_IJ

_~

...

"-

...

IJ IJ ~ 0.2 -1a A

1 I

I

0,1

o

₀ '00 200 300 400 500

roe

700

r

(.,.)

0 Q2 0,4 0.6 0.8 1.2 1.4

T

/

I

,r

basa -.and

o

!>Qb : 1"!>Q»IIft filtctr" , ~ 0,3-32 mm

o

~f : !()mm 0'20 f : 2,~ mm "f :: 35'I.

(38)

l.>'" 'Q?G. ~e-A. .,. 1.4 '" (!!

PrP~

( ~

D I

c.>c::2

,,~~\e

j

e

c,(.J)<..s

A.t1

0 ~~

Är

r4.1

LU ~ 01= ~C;; SIU... ,~ ... ' ~'t

Skoe,... \"-,

~

,r'I;: SA t:

e-

...-

",

t- ...~~ \t-1 ~ p~t;A

'SIU'"r't

0;:: ~,4.(( ..Q~ ,~ \$

'B ~ vtc::.ö~ 0';'

1l4.I?'-,

li~';;~":';c "t ~NO'y ïUE='!

"To~l..

Co~

S.ï"raX-"O~

0;:'

fI(A~ . OUE: \b

""AU??

AM!) ~l"" 4""iï ~ LC Scsu'lelH4_ ~ 0c:.I....0V

oe

--r-P

IC

f="~r

ïl-(I;

Cc:><...t-.A',.P;.E (~

uf-iAc.c...ePT;;!.'ilL.e

~WA"IOJ

e

)

c>

\1t.~ \'t)~

CP~,,\\OM ,ol ~KeNT ~LO

"!l?

'H'~SSA..e.y.) ~

""'U~

.

.$Cö.J.eIHc,

\.!>

\Ä(~ \Hit) ,b..C(.cut-fT

À

~eou"l.4

bt-\AL'I'51S

~HT'R.i~"t\OJ.J Oç

-ntG

~\I...L..''eE OF i'oIE: ~ t;N'ï

n>

i'I4~ Ç~~A ~1<..1't-"y O~ ~Alll)~ Ot:

"'T'HE='

m'T"a.L ~"\~~f"rl.

""1'1o(€"eb

~

Ö~~ CbHre(~U't'1OH

S

(39)

h

-

_l..

t

AI

h

,

-u...

,~

~TI"é

~~ 10(~

"OêP

rn)

'4:;l.O<:.J.

'"t-'{

Ati

'0 TU..e&V ~

€'>ic.~

~

A

c..~).(

\?1S.'QJiC.C;-

X

,ö,!>

Ä ~c.,.)l'-(

c.lt.o~

~

_/'

• ".:

::]~~

_.

_{. ...: .}

_l.~

.

,

.

..

.

• , ·'0

...,

• S

10 100

1.0 ~T1ME"

, cU\(..

s.c.au'eIK4 O~n..

À; ...

~cnot-(

~F" ï7J"f~

(40)

t>

I

ME

'H

s,

1

0 1;

S

~M

~

?dlE'N'T'I ~

"T'\1

et

~I

----

-0••••

.

~

"Ac

I"ï ~ \

ti C

e.e:

A

">t=$

-rUE'"

..e.eV~T

lA~

\H,

'1i-\

I

S

CA~) '.{AS

SLX:4-1

.

4H

ex"te-·(\

""'-AT

~~

OE='PTlA

Oç:' ~~

SC~

~Dl-E

(AHO

\1{~

SU)PË

.)\)$\"

~k

~~,A....M

c::>~

\1-lË

A-f>ecH

l ~

HoT A

~c\'tN"T\

A.(. )

C

<;E~

he SC> 'FA.L:L\'

'"T"'Je.EE

A.ç~

')

ïï-\l5

\.iOCDS

~

'T"HE Cl

L

I¬ ...E

c_\l._,O

H

PA.

eAl

l

et.

,4.M'0

pF'12.~

0

I(J..I

LA-<

i!) "\1.(E"

(.,a..)~

T

.

Á,L SC

\'r!. F

-elVe,e

'6A.N ~

CAN.

c.

O(_(_ÄPS

t7

~ ~ ~~ S~~

'r-{OLE=

~

(

ï"l-\'I2EE

O\M~~(OHS (_

o'lC?

FüU~_,

(41)

l>\o\'()eoca. ~~ ï "4

i\lç_: ~~

(ca,.,.

D

I ~

,,~~\C.

j

0

c.~.s

A.M

0

CJovSQ ...rA4c..U ~ f:>~

~c;.

S.IL~ ''''' A ~'f

s....

oe"'ï '"' ~

t"\ ,:

-s

Ä

c::

E''1"" t- ...l~~\t-4 ~ Pt3r::.l;.A SI U

"r1

0;: F,4.H..(_)~ J 1"' \

s

B E"\.4À

'IJIc::.ö

-.e

'

0-;-~ _.I

't-\ ~

-:; :;

.:..

ii: .., StT'\dOY T~!::"

~oT.ä.T..

Co ....

s,Tle.X..1''1

Cl-( 0 ~

flC.A~

.

OUE \t) 'W~ ~!)~"'ï -A.1ï~lC Sosu'feIH4 ~

~e

... 1'>

".

\

z: ~

....

\

ïC ~~.,...

"Tl-(

ç

Cc>u-,.I,.~é (~ Ut-tA c:..c..EPT';i3.

s

u:

"'è>e1-l,Q"

IOJ

-e

)

c>:

\11.

c ~

Q..J...

CPf,~'·10 ...

c

:

n.~

A

~P-'1. 8Y T c:::;:::::,uL0 ~ f:! 11

~.zA...e.

y

~

-....u~

.

5<:c::u..e\ N

C,

\!>

~l~ IMiD

À.cU::ut-rr

~ ï;.to

eo

IJ" ~

bt'i A L

y.,s \

S

a:l~T'R..1~"o1-J

Oç: ï1{~ ~\I....L>"¬ ¬ ¬ OF- 1'-4€ ~ ~\ ~ \1.4t:; Ç~~A

~

'

l

...,....,

o ~ ~

All L) ~ 0 ~ Ïloi

E"

TC"'Tia.L '?1...~ "\ ;:"b;eM. "T1( ~ .4t(2t ö~ ~ ct::>I'-(

rel

~u

'MON

r

(42)

---1'2(:Su(..l

o~

>'l!>~A.,..

l

cAL

Sc.o(..)~

IN (\

Mo

Q=(_

1t5>TS

-

(!wD

'O

I

M~

S

l

a

~À,-

~brnÖ

).4

5 )

- .: . ..

- -

&

\

1,

-l".,."

-t,

=

O\HE'H ~lo'M

l~>S

~~C(€lfT t:)E"'P~ Oll-{<; 0

t-i

) ei.

c::,~'M'E-ney

?~M~

(Se::-

~I~ ~)

-+

LtGP' '":.

c.r,n~L

v~,Ty

'F.:sv2

'N I.",~-r~

oot:

MO"T'lO"_'

(s~'E:(01

')

'P.á.ni~l

)

ol.

\b

'St

De \'¬ teM\l-{EO W,,..,..

Mo'O~(_

lES.'\s.

~

SIM I

cs-e

'ry

0

F

.

ol

'RS..:2.

MO:OEt. ...

""

1:)

w:'Q:;::)l'n

"'ttf

p~

"'t'ltc?

~'H

~

S 'r-\.~\..o

~c_

l={L

Tt115

~(.e-

lAlVS ;

1.1

't -

'1-

3 "',;::~.A. .

h\, . '\"

"WE-

~1t~P"

\s

~Ê

~Ä"'E

~

P!3óm

T'y"

E

~ SuT"

\'0

,4.>-40

ti

n

I~

l=I2.QM

t'100~(".

l=R,ol-'\ MoD"E-(_

.

~L"'\)

<::>zG. :.

\c:'NCW.

)

.

t=

~M

1"

&~

T'f

(JE ""₀₎

A

_J I.(

_c.,..

:::-

b.<owN ""-:

_J

_c.

(43)

10 IN\TIATI

oN

10 100 (0<)0

IH. ï\I~

_{s.c.ov~1 ""}

_G.

f'tbc..~..s :

I. IH Iï\ ~,,cl-{

ot:

?4,..~ï1 c~LS

...""0

~""'.J6 L.L

~~''''<:

J,(o\.G

( .. 11'4

$TZI."'tU ""A~()I ")

\.

'2..

Oe,lE'lPPftic,

oF

"iÎ'\

E-

ScWlê.ë

u.ot.E i ~~

,:~

.

t

,

/'

-

t

· .

,,/

~~.

'ï1\

6 'D'E\-\.d

v~

r<.

OF'11{~

Ota/e:.\'

?.oI

'NT

0 1=

A sc.~12HelE

':.

h

lr

0:) ~

A

l}(.)

\'0 ~

Z..(

"Y

~L

~

:

t: ::

-t

('X.;

e.

\0.

A(~

o

(44)

• --:::-

/ .".' , .

:

-

~

.

'

..

.

..

.

I

tI

/

~",-"

.

I

LL-

-~ (.":"'t I~

~

M..4.y

.

USê I)lC ,Sb;::>ç w2PoS.I"'~

f''r'Q~Pt.t:..

T'\.C~

S...

Á~E:

~ ~ Sc.cu't'(11o(G HcfV

~~

A~

G:::>,...,'P(.e"o~

OF

~_cu~t1

~~

'1.

~,. l-(O~ Il-\ "T1o(~ ~'"T' f=-...,lIo..(::,LI

T'f

I'" S

Et.~

~'1

1'1-(.

~A..~G

-n1~

~U\. T.\

I

t~

i

\

~

\

I

\

)

I

/

I

3

(45)

---~-

J

~~~~--r-~---!>

1 -"

~

.

w;j-

_~

J

.

~.

__ oo1IIl!SII~i.!i!NracD~"""-l ~

"'~>e6'>

.

-: :.. '..:. \

~

',

.

~

-1.

.--,

:

"

f

?{

\'0

~

l

--...~,

10 J

~2.

IS

~4

~'2.2

'5

~

10

2.0 IS

J

~I~

5"

\

Ib

)

IS

_

-c.c:;

-'1.

o ..ool

V4L..J,.)E~ Oç

-<

~

V.A:.'(Lov5 ~e:>K~

(46)

~

:=:--L--4---r---::

\

,

, I , -'\ I , , I

, '='

_{U PU ~}

_H

_c:;

_T~

_c.~'"

_{t? -...A \t:Q} _D\

_S

_d-4

_{A'2C:: ~}

_,'''

_\'0

_{llu BB}

_<...E:

t>\.s

c...~~

l; ~(.) ~ "" -t=CbW

'"l\I"!. ~ :

CJ.

=

k

· ;_

F,:à:.t"'I 1=!..OW 1-(ET~ <:~G.

e:

C.4~ ~

I:

CAl.

c.u~

W"o

.

~\~---~~~

~ S'"T"eE7i ~ ~

AM

0

S'"t' Ii=';:f'( ~ 0;:0 00NST

~uc:"'t(

0),# •

~ ,,~ea..~I

..

.,.y o.

,,,o(t5

sunSC'e..

(47)

t::\L

I

c%:.S

" u

SE E

f\LrE"¬

ev<..E.s

?,.., ~ ....

+~... ~

.

, ..

~

" '.

A---

~

--~-:.-

x::::-a::

.

~_.

Q::.sr ..

--_.

~ LI ~ ~UM 4.'"r 1t'1~,4(:t="

AA:

es

i

d +

e

'.Jiv -

e.Jo.4-~~.J)

s

s-=

~~SI·C.'" '''''

r~~

...

c..,,",~

.J...

t. ~ ~"""Q.~,_

S '::lJtY2..y

s.~ a:

~

9o-uSl;; oÇ

nt~

~Tl

vEt

y

~

VE1.c:Ct~

oÇ ~ ('\~I cl'o(.

I~<;'= 0 ""~ÁM ~ ~_~Ii\,)A.\rOl-4 4""'\1:) v~~S<.l ~

(48)

hO.

C::>

m

cl=- ~

':Te~

S(.)~~ 'l.&'Iii?'lelE'n ~ ~ eP'rn""\ul-'\ D~~IG~ oi"" ~ ÁP~s.

)~E~

1.4'f~"'r.s

ARC

~Ç.IC:O~"~ ~,,~

~e=ti'+

~;P\~" ""\\{t; Q.é.ït: c'\:: 'P{;"i2~i;~a\L(1-'1

~~ vPU~ p~s(.)~ A.l-\O ~~ <:')::)N.S.~Q~\l\.j

nç-

~"'iïc.o.L.

DI.~ ~1c.NJ

~ 0

Tl.l~

~Th..L

c.csn"

-nH;

~L ~

ÄI\ ~

LA..

'(

D0\S

A \oJ.O

'\'r{E"

~Sl)(..""tl"H

C4

or>

«

Cl

P

~.sJ<.J

I'l{;

(49)

-:00=;-- -

-..

.

--~---..

{'Fb~ïl~c..

k~t>

-_

_{- -}

_-

1).4 C.~I

;-~=-;z_

_ "k/>.

";z

=~

e

):~ ~1)

.

;

---.._.~

,

.

_.

...

--.

...

,

....

_--..._.___

--ETC·

(50)

O"'~ ol thtl borrltll"

.

...4a-"

---_

/

-

,

-

.

- -

.

-

""

-

--

-

/-

.

30 .,•

®

38'. '0 .,. ...,5or. 15 7 '1. 80'"

o

9.7'/. 0=135m

B

73'04 ::. 0"35 O'T>

1 ~o.,.

~ ç...,;:;..;;;...;..--..::O~'!2,;8~ _" ______ _A~ __ ~~ ~~ ~==~~~~__J~. 142.5 m 37.5 m

I

30 m. 40 m

I"

)

«»j"

)

1 "

-

---~-.

..

__ 0/ 10", 0

_.

_'

3_~-______

_{fG====~==

4 ,,

~

.

· _

'

.

l.C'::~

"

=·~::::::::~==--Jo

_

.

'

.

O

.

~

3 .;

0-'"

ISO m

Liftin(; pr-essur-es unäcr t l.c in!J_"·!·vi.ous layer i n ~-cl'.'';': -:i .:.1' ::.'"

heud-diffcrcncc ac rous th ..·oarri::r(c.los.~

J)

D = dcpth

of

impcrviuuJ l~y~r b~10w ~ealevcl.

s~~

~j ~: 5~ ~ .~

(51)

SEASIDE

OOSTERSCHELDE

S

I

DE

'---_/ }oE 37.5

m)! (

37.5

m

I 212.5 m

----~~~---~

®

"2.5 m _{)ol~ 37}_.₅_m)l( ₃₇_.₅ _m_)o~ 212.5

m

~--- ~a.r..mgaa

I~

"2.5

m

142.5

m

'---_/ SOm 90 m

90

m 160 m

irnper vlous osphafttoycr --- 01'(2" filtarconstruction

(52)

(53)

• 0.44 m

h.6.2m

O.Om

Pattern of fl

ow

-l

i~

es and e

q

ui-

head

-l

i~e

s.

~\Llti~

\1.{~t="

I

S

A. t?c.s.SIl1\LI ~

~AI

OHE"" ~

MCec-~A~ C~'t"H.E 13.4€elP"'t'

A~E

f="A

I

Lt~

.

..,...,..,1$

CASE

~,,'~~ S t2.óT}4.Ç'Q

Stv'e-.e~

\-1"1''0 ~Ul.{C (.;;;::)Hp

1 i\~N.~

~

,

?!:Ji

~

-rr1~

A-.

.p

-

't:2

DH

)

DI"'R=-~~ï

~~M

"i'i-\ç;"

(lI..SE=' "CC ö~~

13A-¬ ~~'

o ao 60 eo 100 120 '''0 H30 160 zoo

___ -.. c:",tol"\ce (m'

Pr-es

a

ur e

+

h

e

a

d put

t

en)

,

m

ea

s

u r

cd

i

n a f'

Lum

e

.

~E

-1.

:

\

n:~

~

~S'

~

ees

~S~

~y

L?

~ .A-ML.\

MëS

'2.

:

L.OW

P~S(j~

~~E"O

~'t

~

S~<...\~~

';:

~ lC.~

,

_~

"

(54)

RE:t"'e,..ITS

~T

~

O~I"'\Uill:iC

~

~~

€""XEC.l....I"T'.oH

~ ~ 00 AMX) CON ~ ~ u¬ ""t-((J._" ~

llJe

oE.S

I~ I-(

o~

~,...,

t::'l'i

\'j

, .... Zt. L.\...I(4_ê

~T"e-tï

~~

:

- E"'XE'CûTICH 1ït-ftq AV4ILAl!!oIL'1""{ of:·· -

l"\A~?ö,",E:Ye.

_ t'\ ~ \2a.U"'rf

C ~

SO<:.H:::T·

...

f (

LA...., ~) CO

'0E ~)

\"2..t<:::'ULÄ \IO,,",!> C::û>ra

H S

'Pouc.'1

I'H

9""

~c ..'~,",€)fT

J ~

0(:: IM~D

l-'\A~\A<..s

A~J:> LA~O~l¬ ,.)

t=tt

.

)

t-1,6.

re'lel.&.,S ~l:) tQOl

P ~

~

T

M~~O

c;

~\H.a.kCt(

y~

l!.UOc.~

P-e:>J~C\

~O::(¬ TT, ~~

e;;;:. ~E1~).f

C0E~ NC\{J

e:tt)

Al..IX 1\..1

A

E'lÏïtS

:.LA.HO- ₎\.o{A1't12 ._J ,4\.:2- _J ~ID

• (w

_..:z

\re:

n-~)

~.A

1Iii!

i.t>o

'It.!

• lI\y'O...eo

'H ~ ~VIC~

. e-n:

I..Q:::...4.I..

(~~J

GOH 0 ITI CH.S -- ~"'D-eAl.JUc...

- G.

'E"O ~ ~

1'-,~

c:A(._

- ~1t::'~I'I-\<:.

~ce~

4ï1C)-(

-

l~HO>c.4

9 t:=

E"li

VI

req

lolM

~T

J

(55)

_ \,.) 'PL\;:r

;::'ÁTI~UE" ~

Á-s;.?~ALl

LOSS

o~

SAI'4 0

T't<1\.tT1"1

(?- ÇS

I ~

I'H

ï1=-'C~ ~

l'i

0'1"'"~ P~A.ll" ~

t

!

I

UH4CC~P~.D ï'CJ:'~ï

lOÇ::

,.-9

l'j_

1 ( r:-~~

~~

I

t

(56)

·,

~ ':l--U'_L Q.,",:\)~.,<

~ '!¬ AA

"IB-{! IH "TJ..(

E?"

uP

PEYe

l A~E'l~ ë...~

C

O\.)C::~

~-e:-IN ~~ WILL

Se-

~~~

SS'1,A<.L Ál-\D

o~

~O~T" O~-e.AT"I~N.

t:X.J

6'

ïO

VA. ~ ~ I

t-i

C; WA

1f:"'Q<.ev'ELS.

(TI

0 E"..s.

)

~"O

WA

V'f:

A..C'\1

<:::.1'-{

.,.104lSo

l!tE;l.C. +-4

T'i

r'

ë

~

v E"ii"1f}f1-

J

~

p

e-~

M

'

T"\4~ pla::>

~I LE...I

-

1l=

Dë.s

1C."iE:o I

""""!He:-

~l'i

lil

'....A'::) - 'NI L~

-t"¬ ""H

0 "jO

Al'-4

~LI~~\UM

'f'I'ZoFILE

"

==:

oe:

SI4'N I H~

SUOI.

A

-:~ifeA

v

6C

.~C}-i ~ \~

"",.AI

N

~Ut~~

~ j

OÇ\l~uM

"i\.4Iu'C"HE?"..sSoç:

L.4-~~

~N.o~OPT1,...,uM

~"f>E

.

~

\

"

oÇ'i\I"'IÛM

~1IH'M<.')M ~C-SlO'" AH!)

Ac<: ~"T"1o~

QijL.~

STUOtE"c ïK~ ?~~~OI"'H=:''ti 6, )~4e:-t:>

1ly

~hI~

A'I'-i"O

?l.lB.ll>~e:-o

THe=- Y~U(_r.s

IH LA'SI

.

RJ'&('.

Al-j

I:)

~O

11-1~

ç:>,reCc.

oe

Cc:::.!I. 'So\;:If

<.. ~

c::;.

Cc:J'.( ~

-e

.

1

C,

-:r-J ) ~

cjl ~

t.J..t.

:

1\ ~ U IU

i 1!\

U ~

P~:;\Le:.s

o~

c..c~.~

M4.ïEe

l

4L

l_)1'-i'C~

'"N'~~.~ ~(I(~

V. ~~I...l""'"

T\.(e-

S.I.A..A~

O~

"T1l~

~

UIU

3l<?I\.)M

~('_E= (~

D~

M \ N E?-O

~'f:

I,

\\.4~

~

~HA.(_ P~At-1~""""S

_C

_H.:l

₎

_{L.lïJL.,I\..c.}

_j

_+~~jO

_,

(57)

A

l'1'0

WA \JE"S

Sc.eu~

H

c;

cAl'-4.

0Ct::.. (.) ~.

A. s A.(.c

~o

y

\-(A...S

~

S~

f'l.4~

~~luTles

~

AVA,.Ic..A1Jl.E

\'0

wlTJ.(S~HO

ï1U.s

~"eE'p;r:

t ,

[)IMIMISl-C TI-{t l..DP-'O (I,C. "TC ~ 'M((?'

:':'.H(G"'-~-,e~'T"

~WA 'f

~

-,d:)t-'\ ~,).

B ~

IC

E:='TC

"& Y

<::;tOM

ene,

CAt.

.,."

~A.s.O e.t='M

~

l

"t~

". ~(A«E"

-nt.t:

snet~C\T1-i

C

.

C. ~LUe-"

T\.{Ë

$~&1TOMJ

1"4 ". VI "'"

"'-'-~~ë;Je. - -_. • SOTIl>I""\

p~~)

LO~IN.~

~~p'e¬ ==Sr~

LSUl'{CTION ')) .

3. *,

}'(reliA-MCE=

(l~

· S'-'f'~l.E\1.CH)

(l)W\..(8-f

ne:

An.;a.c:.t:

sy

~ke~-r

-:~O

'NA-V~..t IS.

A

L

JTrt..E"

(.A.ft!C€)e.

IJ..t~N

""r\.(,~

S~N

c:-n-t

0

F

'l14.

ç- ~

~

J

N

AC

'%F"

,..c.~PUe-o·

iU(~

Sc><..u\lCN

C1fVBS

-

_

A

'S~

_{_}_.-_-_-

~'1

_-_-_-

p(;'

-~

~

'.

~

-~~

. .

-

.'~c%~~

---':;.

_. _f_._,_.

g~o

_. _.

_{o._)}

~

/

_{'" 'l}

• • f-._

~-

:--"'J;.__

'

b

,

.

" "'-.

(58)

)

.3

(~.c..

lJ~=

,\010

"C\~M~

6, ..

V

D~;_

C(6,J

~

1'\o4\c:::J:.Hë".sS

o~

LA '1~

aF' ~~~

SIro(c:s....>(..D

'B~

~o

ï"I\AT ~2.e'Ç

"""-eo~'uc

"t.èl..'~L.:.:."I~ CA.X OCC~. ~#!!:

~.s.IO'"

oe:-P"11-t

M.4'f ~IVè A~ I~ PlCA1'toN . '\J'-t~"ï

~E'

i1-'(.Q(t-\

~s..s

$.l<J:::,UU.~ ~

S"

WI'l)A

~e

~T

~ut,....;

es

CA~ ~~ PE:'l~M \'"'~.

Ir 1~ ~c..cM ME:.?-t 'OE"D

1'l::>

'

DIH ENSIe::.l-o\

"'T'i-4~

W"{C<..Ë"

~..zA\)~

lA~€"2

\.I1't'I,..\

..,..,..(J

"'~IC.I.c'H~ ..

ARfi'lY A

s.6..~

MAR.C,

l'rl

"Ou

ë 'iO VÄf<'{ ~ l H ~

W ~ ~

l

E""VeLS ("i1

,,~.s)

A. H Cl ll)oJ\ l '" \ïoa-l

S

0)::

(59)

S.I>Ati

~\")I~~€:""NT:S. Tb 1"'r{E" ~ul OVÀ.!...'·

Low

«VA\I't

~.ç::L~C:lN

cr::::¬ ~CJ..9.I\

- ~L~I~lE IN PL...ë.H'HIt-(

4

_ ~)ott.ALL

c...c"P-{

S.~CM ~ (

oïH~WlS.ç;:

• "tI<E'

ex~IE7iC.~

~

s:.~c::l"1.~~

o~

A..

Pll..o,,\

~Q.cH"

i?'y

il4~

'WA.~

\lI...e

P'¬ cc;:

ILE

w""~

8::o'C>Çp

H~ ~

c..-o

\!>E'"

-ec...P~~

'F~

T+lE:

~~Tt..aHEI-;O

~"ï" ~I.~

(Cl-iLy

~ P~0t1-i OIClJ~ 'HeoMI

'1-4'1

\.,I..

O,

l{

~

)

w (~

~c..~e.

OIM~N.SIOI;'::.

are

~~""'

c.

1\1E:

<..C><'{G.I.f-\oeÇ'(\JeCVt-r.,ï

,)

(60)

__ .. _ .. J LO

....

.)

..

' I I

"'1

1 c

..

C