Widok PRZYIMKI JAKO ZNACZNIKI RÓŻNYCH KONCEPTUALIZACJI: ANALIZA ZAGADNIENIA NA PRZYKŁADZIE JĘZYKA WŁOSKIEGO

UWM Olsztyn Acta Neophilologica, XIX (1), 2017 ISSN 1509-1619

Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik

,QVW\WXW-č]\NyZ5RPDęVNLFKL7UDQVODWRU\NL 8QLZHUV\WHWģOĈVNLZ.DWRZLFDFK

35=<,0.,-$.2=1$&=1,.,5Ðį1<&+

.21&(378$/,=$&-,$1$/,=$=$*$'1,(1,$

1$35=<.â$'=,(-Č=<.$:â26.,(*2

Key words,WDOLDQSUHSRVLWLRQFRQFHSWXDOL]DWLRQLPDJHU\SUHFRQFHSWXDOVFKHPDWD

:SURZDG]HQLH

3U]\LPHNMHVWNDWHJRULĈJUDPDW\F]QĈXZDİDQĈ]DUHODF\MQĈSU]HVWU]HQQĈ

,VWRWQLHQDSR]LRPLHVNãDGQL]GDQLDZSURZDG]DSU]HGHZV]\VWNLPUHODFMHORND

W\ZQHPLHMVFDOXELF]DVXPLčG]\GZRPDVNãDGQLNDPL]GDQLDQS']LHFLZ\V]ã\

]GRPXR1DOHMZRG\GRG]EDQND:F]HUZFXPDP\VHVMč3RZLHVLãREUD]

QDĤFLDQLH6ĈWHİLQQH²QLHORNDW\ZQH²Xİ\FLDSU]\LPNyZQS-HVWĤZLHWQ\

w tej dziedzinie-HFKDãZJčVWHMPJOH']LHFLVĈQDQDUWDFK%\ãHPZF]RUDM

QDNRQFHUFLH:LHOHNRQFHSFMLNRJQLW\ZQ\FKSUyEXMHZ\MDĤQLDþPHWDIRU\F]QH

Xİ\FLDSU]\LPNyZQDSRGVWDZLHVFKHPDWyZSU]HGNRQFHSWXDOQ\FKV]F]HJyO

QLHZRGQLHVLHQLXGRVFKHPDWXpojemnik,QDF]HMPyZLĈFNRQFHSWXDOL]DFMD

SRMčþG]LHG]LQDPJãDZ\MD]GZFHOXMHİGİHQLDQDQDUWDFKXF]HVWQLF]HQLH

ZNRQFHUFLHRGE\ZDVLčQDSRGVWDZLHQDGDQLDW\PİHSRMčFLRPFHFKSRMHPQLND

FRZNRQVHNZHQFMLSR]ZDODQDZSURZDG]DQLHUHODFMLdo-z, w, na + pojemnik Z]DOHİQRĤFLRGZãDĤFLZRĤFLNRQFHSWXDOL]RZDQ\FKRELHNWyZSUyE\NRJQL

W\ZQHJRRSLVXZ\EUDQ\FKSU]\LPNyZZMč]\NXSROVNLPNWyUHZSLVXMĈVLč

ZWRFRSRZ\İHM]RVWDãRRPyZLRQHSRGMčãDVLč53U]\E\OVND:ĤUyG

QLHORNDW\ZQ\FKXİ\þZ\UyİQLDMĈVLčMHV]F]HWDNLHZNWyU\FKWUXGQRGRV]XNDþ

VLčPRW\ZDFMLPHWDIRU\F]QHMQS&]HNDãHPQDFLHELHFDãHİ\FLHBudynek jest Z\VRNLQDSLčWHU'\VNXWRZDOLRXİ\FLXSU]\LPNyZ

:SUDZG]LHWHRULHNRJQLW\ZQH]DNãDGDã\VHPDQW\F]Q\Z\PLDUNDİGHJR

Xİ\FLDERZLHPZV]\VWNLHNDWHJRULHMč]\NDVĈVHPDQW\F]QLHSHãQHRND]DãR

VLčMHGQDNİHLVWQLHMĈXİ\FLDQLHPRW\ZRZDQHVHPDQW\F]QLHQDZHWMHĤOLVDPD

 .DWDU]\QD.ZDSLV]2VDGQLN

NDWHJRULDNWyUĈUHSUH]HQWXMĈSR]RVWDMHVHPDQW\F]QD8İ\FLDWHED]XMĈQD

SUHIHUHQF\MQRĤFL>%DQ\Ĥ@W]QRGQRV]ĈVLčGRSHZQHJRNRQVHQVXVXZ\

SUDFRZDQHJRSU]H]Xİ\WNRZQLNyZGDQHJRMč]\ND=NROHLSUHIHUHQF\MQRĤþGH

WHUPLQXMHW]ZIUHNZHQFMčXİ\FLDFIJUDPDW\NDRSDUWDQDX]XVLHMč]\NRZ\P

/DQJDFNHU

:SU]\SDGNXSU]\LPNyZF]čVWR]GDU]DVLčİHVDPLQRUPDW\ZLĤFLQLHVĈ

]JRGQLFRGRSHZQ\FKXİ\þLGODWHJRZVãRZQLNDFKSURSRQXMHVLčNLONDZDULDQ

WyZXİ\FLD3DQ.RZDOVNLZ\NãDGDQDZXQLZHUV\WHFLH DQGDUHLQDOFHQWUR

FRQWLQXHUjGHIDLUHTFK&]\PDP\ZW\FKSU]\SDGNDFKGRF]\QLHQLD]W]Z

OXNDPLSDVRİ\WQLF]\PL>.DUGHOD@"2GSRZLHGĮEčG]LHSR]\W\ZQDMHĤOL

SU]\MPXMHP\LVWQLHQLHXİ\þZRSDUFLXRSUHIHUHQF\MQRĤþ1LHQDOHİ\MHGQDN

XWRİVDPLDþOXNSDVRİ\WQLF]\FK]RSHUDWRUDPLV\QWDNW\F]Q\PLWM]NDWHJRULDPL

Mč]\NDNWyUHVĈVHPDQW\F]QLHSXVWHDNWyUH]RVWDã\Z\UyİQLRQHZWHRULLJUD

PDW\NLVHPDQW\F]QHM6.DURODND>@/XNLSDVRİ\WQLF]HQLHQHJXMĈ

VHPDQW\F]QHJRZ\PLDUXMč]\NDMDNRV\VWHPXDOHVWDQRZLĈGRZyGİHSHZQH

Xİ\FLDNDWHJRULLVĈSR]EDZLRQHVHPDQW\F]QHJRPRW\ZRZDQLD

:REV]DU]HEDGDęVHPDQW\F]Q\FKIXQNFMRQDOQ\FKLSUDJPDW\F]Q\FKQDG

NDWHJRULĈSU]\LPNDPRİQD]DXZDİ\þQDVWčSXMĈFHWHQGHQFMH>&HUYRQL@

NWyUHEDUG]RVFKHPDW\F]QLHSU]HGVWDZLDPSRQLİHMSU]\LPHNMHVWNDWHJRULĈ

DNFHVRU\MQĈLUHGXQGDQWQĈJG\İMHJRXİ\FLHZ\QLND]SUHG\NDWXNWyUHPX

WRZDU]\V]\DMHJREUDNQLHZSã\ZDQDZãDĤFLZH]UR]XPLHQLHZ\SRZLHG]L

QS:DUV]DZDNP  ]QDF]HQLDSU]\LPNyZVĈNRQWHNVWRZHW]QİHW\ONR

NRQWHNVWQDGDMH]QDF]HQLHXİ\WHPXSU]\LPNRZLQSSRZLHVLþFRĤQDĤFLDQLH

SU]\MĤþQDQDSyãQRFRG0RVNZ\SU]\LPNLVĈHOHPHQWDPLV\VWHPX

VĈVHPDQW\F]QLHSXVWHQSZãRVNLHSU]\LPNLdi adaSU]\LPHNMHVWNDWH

JRULĈUHODF\MQĈQLHNRQLHF]QLHSU]HVWU]HQQĈQSJUDþZNDUW\]DSRPQLHþR

Xİ\FLHSU]\LPNyZED]XMHQDZLHG]\RĤZLHFLHRUD]QDLQWHQFMRQDOQRĤFL

LVWUDWHJLDFKG\VNXUV\ZQ\FK

6\WXXMĈFEDGDQLDZREV]DU]HJUDPDW\NLNRJQLW\ZQHM5/DQJDFNHUDUHODFMD

WUDMHNWRUODQGPDUNRUD]RGQRV]ĈFVLčGRNRQFHSFMLVFKHPDWyZSU]HGNRQFHS

WXDOQ\FKVSUyEXMč]ZHU\ILNRZDþQDVWčSXMĈFHKLSRWH]\EDGDZF]HSU]\

LPHNMDNRNDWHJRULDUHODF\MQDRGWZDU]DZ]GDQLXUHODFMčPLčG]\WUDMHNWRUHP

LODQGPDUNLHP]DSURWRW\SRZHX]QDMHVLčXİ\FLHORNDW\ZQHED]XMĈFH

QDVFKHPDFLHSU]HGNRQFHSWXDOQ\PSRMHPQLNXSRU]ĈGNRZDQLHWUDMHNWRUD

LODQGPDUNDQLHNRQLHF]QLHRGSRZLDGDNROHMQRĤFLSRVWU]HİRQ\FKHOHPHQWyZ

HOHPHQWSRSU]\LPNXPRİHE\þSXQNWHPZ\MĤFLDGRSHUFHSFMLVFHQ\UyİQLFH

ZZ\ERU]HSU]\LPNyZZ\UDİDMĈUyİQHVSRVRE\NRQFHSWXDOL]DFMLWHJRVDPHJR

IUDJPHQWXU]HF]\ZLVWRĤFLLVWQLHMĈDVHPDQW\F]QHXİ\FLDSU]\LPNyZQDFR

ZVND]XMĈSUHIHUHQFMHXİ\WNRZQLNyZMč]\NDNDİG\SU]\LPHNSRVLDGDVZyM

LQZDULDQWVHPDQW\F]Q\'ZLHSLHUZV]HKLSRWH]\QLHVĈRU\JLQDOQHQDZLĈ]XMĈ

PLčG]\LQQ\PLGRZVSRPQLDQHMZ\İHMSUDF\53U]\E\OVNLHMF]\WHİGRSUDF

00DOLQRZVNLHM>@1LHPQLHMQDQLFKZãDĤQLHRSLHUDVLč]D

3U]\LPNLMDNR]QDF]QLNLUyİQ\FKNRQFHSWXDOL]DFMLDQDOL]D]DJDGQLHQLD« 

VDGQRĤþSR]RVWDã\FKKLSRWH]VWĈGVHQVRZQDZ\GDMHVLčGHF\]MDRSU]\WRF]HQLX

WUHĤFLSLHUZV]HMLGUXJLHMKLSRWH]\

:GDOV]HMF]čĤFLWHNVWX]RVWDQLHQDMSLHUZRPyZLRQDNDWHJRULDSU]\LPND

ZNRQWHNĤFLHJUDPDW\NLMč]\NDZãRVNLHJRQDVWčSQLHQDNUHĤOLP\PHWRGRORJLF]

QH]DSOHF]HQLQLHMV]\FKEDGDęSRF]\PSU]HMG]LHP\GRDQDOL]\SU]\SDGNyZ

Xİ\þUyİQ\FKSU]\LPNyZZMč]\NXZãRVNLPFRGRSURZDG]LGRNRęFRZ\FK

REVHUZDFMLUHZLGXMĈF\FKVIRUPXãRZDQHSRZ\İHMKLSRWH]\

3U]\LPHNZMč]\NXZãRVNLP

:Mč]\NXZãRVNLPSU]\LPHNRGJU\ZDEDUG]RZDİQĈUROčVNãDGQLRZĈER

ZLHPRNUHĤODIXQNFMčORJLF]QĈVNãDGQLNyZ]GDQLDNWyU\PWRZDU]\V]\-DNR

FDãRĤþWZRU]ĈGRSHãQLHQLHSU]\LPNRZH*UDPDW\NLZãRVNLHG]LHOĈSU]\LPNLQD

ZãDĤFLZHSRGVWDZRZHdi daaincon su perWUDIUDQLHZãDĤFLZH

ZWyUQHdavanti dietro prima lungospora sotto fuori²PRJĈSU]\QDOHİHþ

GRLQQ\FKNDWHJRULLPRUIRORJLF]Q\FK]ãRİRQH²VĈHIHNWHPIX]MLSU]\LPND

ZãDĤFLZHJR]URG]DMQLNLHPal alla aialleHWF1DSU]\NãDGZ]GDQLX

È LQ coma QHO reparto GLrianimazione dove è giunta GRSRO·LQL]LDOHULFRYHUR

DOO·RVSHGDOHPDJJLRUHGL&UHPD>/D6WDPSD@Z\UyİQLþPRİQDDİSU]\LP

NyZUHSUH]HQWXMĈF\FKZV]\VWNLHNODV\Z\PLHQLRQHSRZ\İHMFRSRWZLHUG]D

LVWRWQĈIXQNFMčWHMİHNDWHJRULLZNRQVWUXRZDQLX]GDQLDQDSR]LRPLHVNãDGQL

3U]\LPNLdi da aVĈGRGDWNRZRZ\RGUčEQLRQHMDNRQDMEDUG]LHMDEVWUDNF\MQH

WMFDãNRZLFLHSR]EDZLRQH]QDF]HQLDVWĈGQD]\ZDVLčMHQHXWUDOQ\PL]HURZ\PL

F]\MHV]F]HRGEDUZLRQ\PLSUHSRVL]LRQLVFRORUDWH>0DULQXFFL:LGãDN

6HULDQQL3UDQGL'DUGDQRL7ULIRQH@

-DNNROZLHNSUyEXMHVLčVNDWDORJRZDþIXQNFMHSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKSU]\LPNyZ

RUD]NRQWHNVW\LFKXİ\þNZHVWLDZ\GDMHVLčQLHGRRSDQRZDQLDJG\İ]DZV]H

QDWUDILDVLčQDNRQWUSU]\NãDG\DOERQDZ\VWčSRZDQLHUyİQ\FKSU]\LPNyZF]\

WHİLFKSRFKRGQ\FKZW\FKVDP\FKNRQWHNVWDFKXİ\FLDQSandare in centro YV andare al centroDQGDUHFRQODPDFFKLQDYVDQGDUHLQPDFFKLQD Leonardo da Vinci YV6DQWD&DWHULQDGL6LHQDdavanti la scuola YV davanti alla scuola

DQGDUHLQFKLHVDYVandare a scuolaparlare da padre YV parlare come padre

una ragazza dai capelli rossi YVXQDUDJD]]DFRQLFDSHOOLURVVL3R]DW\P

OLF]EDGRSHãQLHęSROVNLFKGRSHãQLHęLRNROLF]QLNyZGODMHGQHJRSU]\LPNDMHVW

WDNGXİDİHPRİHRGVWUDV]\þQDZHWQDMEDUG]LHMQLHVWUXG]RQHJRPLãRĤQLND

Mč]\NDZãRVNLHJR1DSU]\NãDGGODSU]\LPNDda Z\UyİQLDVLčDİGRSHãQLHę

Z]GDQLXSURVW\PFRPSOHPHQWRG·DJHQWH di luogodi tempocomplemento predicativodi origine di provenienzadi allontanamento di separazionedi fine di quantità di qualitàdi modo di causadi limitazione3U]\LPHNda PRİHZSURZDG]Dþ]GDQLDSRGU]čGQHEH]RNROLF]QLNRZHNRQVHNZHQFMLLFHOX

(dare qualcosa da mangiareessere stanco da non poter andare avantiMHVW

 .DWDU]\QD.ZDSLV]2VDGQLN

WDNİHF]čĤFLĈZ\UDİHęSU]\VãyZNRZ\FKGDXQDSDUWH«GDOO·DOWUD da lontano

da parte

:ãDĤFLZLHZV]\VWNLHZLHONLHJUDPDW\NLMč]\NDZãRVNLHJRWUDNWXMĈSU]\LPNL

ZVSRVyEWUDG\F\MQ\DZVSyOQ\PPLDQRZQLNLHPSURSRQRZDQ\FKGHILQLFMLMHVW

]LOXVWURZDQLHSHZQHMUHODFMLPLčG]\VNãDGQLNDPL]GDQLD3U]\LPNRPZãRVNLP

ZXMčFLXNRJQLW\ZQ\PSRĤZLčFRQHVĈOLF]QHSUDFH00DOLQRZVNLHMLGRQLFK

EčGčRGQRVLþVLčZGDOV]HMF]čĤFLQLQLHMV]HJRDUW\NXãX

-č]\NR]QDZVWZRNRJQLW\ZQHDNDWHJRULDSU]\LPND -HĤOL SU]\MPXMHP\ NRJQLW\ZQĈ NRQFHSFMč Mč]\ND ZWHG\ X]QDMHP\

İHNDİGHZ\GDU]HQLHPRZQHMHVWHIHNWHPSU]HWZRU]HQLDGDQ\FKQDSR]LRPLH

SR]QDZF]\PNRQFHSWXDOQ\PLZ\UDİDQLD3R]QDZF]RRGZRãXMHP\VLčGR

VFKHPDWyZSU]HGNRQFHSWXDOQ\FKLZRGQLHVLHQLXGRQLFKGRNRQXMHVLčREUD

]RZDQLHF]\OLNRQVWUXRZDQLHVFHQ\QDSR]LRPLHNRQFHSWXDOQ\PSU]\F]\P

SR]LRPNRQFHSWXDOQ\UR]XPLDQ\MHVW]DUyZQRSRMčFLRZRMDNLUHODF\MQLH

1DSR]LRPLHZ\UDİDQLDQDVWčSXMHOHNV\NDOQRJUDPDW\F]QDLQWHUSUHWDFMDVFHQ\

ZRNUHĤORQ\PMč]\NXQDWXUDOQ\P

:SU]\SDGNXUHODF\MQHJRSU]\LPNDSRGF]DVREUD]RZDQLDPLHOLE\ĤP\GR

F]\QLHQLDSU]HGHZV]\VWNLP]UHODFMĈWUDMHNWRUODQGPDUNNWyUDRUJDQL]XMH

HOHPHQW\VFHQ\QDSRGVWDZLHQDVWčSXMĈF\FKVFKHPDWyZSU]HGNRQFHSWXDOQ\FK

VFKHPDWSRMHPQLNDGODRELHNWyZDGODUHODFML²VFKHPDW\ĤFLHİNL]SXQNWHP

Z\MĤFLDFHOXRUD]WUDV\OLQHDUQRĤFLFHQWUXPSHU\IHULDJyUDGyãSU]HG]D

QDGSRG>-RKQVRQ/DNRII0DOLQRZVND/DNRIIL-RKQVRQ

3U]\E\OVND@

-DNNDİGDNDWHJRULDNRQFHSWXDOQDLZNRQVHNZHQFMLMč]\NRZDWDNLND

WHJRULDSU]\LPNDSRGOHJDKLHUDUFKLF]QHMRUJDQL]DFMLQDSRGVWDZLHIUHNZHQFML

Xİ\FLD3U]\MPXMHP\İHGODSU]\LPNyZXİ\FLDSURWRW\SRZHF]\OLWHRQDMZ\İ

V]HMIUHNZHQFMLXİ\FLD]ZLĈ]DQHVĈ]Z\UDİDQLHPUHODFMLORNDOLVW\F]Q\FKSU]H

VWU]HQQRF]DVRZ\FK2ERNXİ\þSURWRW\SRZ\FKNDİGDNDWHJRULDFKDUDNWHU\]XMH

VLčLQZDULDQWHPVHPDQW\F]Q\PF]\OLWDNĈPQLHMOXEEDUG]LHMDEVWUDNF\MQĈ

IRUPXãĈNWyUDMHVWNRPSDW\ELOQD]HZV]\VWNLPLZDUWRĤFLDPLLXİ\FLDPLGD

QHMNDWHJRULL>'HVFOpV%DQ\Ĥ@,QZDULDQWVHPDQW\F]Q\SR]ZDODSU]HGH

ZV]\VWNLPGRRNUHĤOLþUyİQLFH]QDF]HQLRZHQDSR]LRPLHLQIRUPDF\MQ\PPLčG]\

UyİQ\PLSU]HGVWDZLFLHODPLGDQHMNDWHJRULLNWyU\FKPRİQDXİ\þZW\FKVDP\FK

NRQWHNVWDFK]GDQLRZ\FKQSparlare da padre YVSDUODUHFRPHSDGUH3RQDGWR

MHĤOLXZDİDVLčİHSU]\LPNLVDPHZVRELHWMEH]NRQWHNVWXXİ\FLDQLHPRJĈ

E\þQRĤQLNDPLLQIRUPDFMLRW\SLHUHODFML>7DOP\@²SU]HGHZV]\VWNLP

PDP\QDP\ĤOLWHSU]\LPNLNWyU\FKIRUPDQLHMHVWQRĤQLNLHPİDGQHMWUHĤFL

QSSU]\LPHNprzedLQIRUPXMHRUHODFMLQDWRPLDVWWUXGQRMHVWSU]\SLVDþWUHĤþ

SU]\LPNRZLo²WRDQDOL]DLQZDULDQWyZVHPDQW\F]Q\FKXPRİOLZLZ\FKZ\FHQLH

3U]\LPNLMDNR]QDF]QLNLUyİQ\FKNRQFHSWXDOL]DFMLDQDOL]D]DJDGQLHQLD« 

F]DVDPLEDUG]RVXEWHOQHUyİQLFZVSRVRELHNRQFHSWXDOL]RZDQLDU]HF]\ZLVWRĤFL

QSci sono molte persone in gelateria MHVWZLHOHRVyEZORG]LDUQLYV Franco è corso in gelateria )UDQFRSRELHJãGRORG]LDUQL DOHci sono molte persone dal SDUXFFKLHUHMHVWZLHOHRVyEXIU\]MHUD YV ci sono molte persone a scuola MHVW

ZLHOHRVyEZV]NROHFranco è corso in gelateria )UDQFRSRELHJãGRORG]LDUQL YV Franco è corso a scuola )UDQFRSRELHJãGRV]NRã\YVFranco è corso dal medico )UDQFRSRELHJãGROHNDU]D

&]čĤþDQDOLW\F]QD

 (·XQDUDJD]]DGDLFDSHOOLURVVLYV(·XQDUDJD]]DFRQLFDSHOOLURVVL

7RMHVWG]LHZF]\QDRUXG\FKZãRVDFKYV7RMHVWG]LHZF]\QD]UXG\PLZãRVDPL

>.ZDSLV]2VDGQLN@

: JUDPDW\NDFK ZãRVNLFK ]DUyZQR SU]\LPHN da MDN L SU]\LPHN con ZWDNLPNRQWHNĤFLHZSURZDG]DMĈGRSHãQLHQLHMDNRĤFLFRPSOHPHQWRGLTXDOLWj

FRZNRQVHNZHQFMLSURZDG]LGRS\WDQLDRFHORZRĤþZ\UDİDQLDW\FKVDP\FK

WUHĤFLQDUyİQHPRUIRORJLF]QHLVNãDGQLRZHVSRVRE\:XMčFLXNRJQLW\ZQ\P

SRZLHG]LHOLE\ĤP\İHPDP\GZDUyİQHREUD]RZDQLDWHMVDPHMU]HF]\ZLVWR

ĤFLZ\UDİRQHQDSRZLHU]FKQLZãDĤQLH]DSRPRFĈGZyFKUyİQ\FKSU]\LPNyZ

-HĤOLSU]\MPLHP\İHLQZDULDQWVHPDQW\F]Q\GODSU]\LPNDda ]DZLHUDVLč

ZIRUPXOH©SXQNWZ\MĤFLDGODĤFLHİNLIL]\F]QHMOXEPHQWDOQHMª>.ZDSLV]

2VDGQLN@WRLQWHUSUHWDFMDXİ\FLDE\ãDE\QDVWčSXMĈFDSXQNWHPZ\M

ĤFLDGODNRQFHSWXDOL]DFMLRELHNWXVĈUXGHZãRV\VĈRQH]DWHPWUDMHNWRUHP

NWyU\SURZDG]LGRODQGPDUNDWMGRFDãHMSRVWDFLG]LHZF]\Q\PLPRİHVWRL

QDGUXJLPPLHMVFX:SU]\SDGNXSU]\LPNDcon NRQFHSWXDOL]DFMDUR]SRF]\QD

VLčRGSRVWDFLG]LHZF]\Q\LSURZDG]LGRMHMUXG\FKZãRVyZMDNRRELHNWXNWyU\

G]LHZF]\QDSRVLDGD=DWHPG]LHZF]\QDMHVWWUDMHNWRUHPDUXGHZãRV\²ODQ

GPDUNLHP3RPLQLčFLHURG]DMQLNDQDGDMHNRQFHSWXDOL]RZDQHMVFHQLHMHV]F]H

LQQ\FKDUDNWHUUXGHZãRV\EH]URG]DMQLNDR]QDF]Dã\E\İHREUD]RZDQLHQLH

RGE\ãRVLčQDSRGVWDZLHVFKHPDWXSU]HGNRQFHSWXDOQHJRSU]HGPLRWXSRQLHZDİ

UXGHZãRV\]RVWDã\VNRQFHSWXDOL]RZDQHMDNRQLHRGãĈF]QDF]čĤþG]LHZF]\Q\

UXGRZãRVDG]LHZF]\QDYVG]LHZF]\QD]UXG\PLZãRVDPLRUXG\FKZãRVDFK

3DUODUHGDSDGUHYV parlare come padre 0yZLþMDNRRMFLHFYV0yZLþ

MDNRMFLHF

-DN]DXZDİ\OLĤP\Z\İHM ZSU]\SDGNXSU]\LPNDdaRELHNWNWyUHPX

WRZDU]\V]\MHVWSXQNWHPZ\MĤFLDGODREUD]RZDQLDFDãHMVFHQ\$]DWHP

ZW\PSU]\SDGNXNRQFHSWXDOL]DFMDRGE\ZDVLčQDSRGVWDZLHZLHG]\RĤZLHFLH

GRW\F]ĈFHMUROLRMFDNWyU\PDDXWRU\WHWXSRZDİQLDMĈF\GRSHZQ\FKVĈGyZ

LSRVWDZZREHFW\FKRNWyU\FKVLčWURV]F]\PyZLþMDNRRMFLHFZUROLRMFD

WDZLHG]DVWDMHVLčZLčFWUDMHNWRUHP:GUXJLHMZHUVMLWUDMHNWRUHPMHVWRVRED

ZSR]\FMLSRGPLRWXNWyUHMVSRVyEPyZLHQLDMHVWSRUyZQ\ZDOQ\GRVSRVREX

 .DWDU]\QD.ZDSLV]2VDGQLN

PyZLHQLDSHZQHJRRMFDPyZLþMDNRMFLHF=DWHPNLHG\:ãRFKPyZL,RWLSDUOR

da padreRGQRVLVLčGRGRĤZLDGF]HQLDLPĈGURĤFLRMFDNWyU\Z\UDİDWURVNč

RVZRMHJRUR]PyZFč:\SRZLHGĮWDQDMF]čĤFLHMXİ\ZDQDMHVWZNRQWHNĤFLH

GXFKRZ\PF]\UHOLJLMQ\P%yJPyZLGRQDVMDNR2MFLHF1DWRPLDVW]GDQLH

3LHURSDUODFRPHSDGUHRGQRVLVLčGR3LHUDLMHJRDXWRU\WDW\ZQHJRVSRVREX

PyZLHQLDNWyU\SU]\SLVXMHVLčRMFRP

:Mč]\NXZãRVNLPLVWQLHMHZLHOHZ\UDİHęWHJRW\SXMDNQDSU]\NãDGvivere GDHUHPLWDVHUYLUHGDJXLGDDYHUHXQDYLWDGDFDQLGDJLRYDQH

Leonardo da Vinci YV6DQWD&DWHULQDGL6LHQD/HRQDUGR]9LQFL

YV.DWDU]\QD6LHQHęVND

:REXSU]\SDGNDFKPDP\GRF]\QLHQLD]ORNDW\ZQ\PSRFKRG]HQLHP

RVyEMHGQDNSU]\LPNLLQIRUPXMĈQDVRUyİQ\FKUHODFMDFKPLčG]\WUDMHNWRUHP

LODQGPDUNLHP-HĤOLWDNMDNSU]\MčOLĤP\ZF]HĤQLHMSU]\LPHNda wprowadza SXQNWZ\MĤFLDGODNRQFHSWXDOL]DFMLVFHQ\ZREHFWHJRPLDVWHF]NR9LQFLSHãQL

IXQNFMčWUDMHNWRUD]DĤ/HRQDUGRVWDMHVLčODQGPDUNLHPFRPRİQDE\VSDUD

IUD]RZDþZQDVWčSXMĈF\VSRVyE>LVWQLHMHPLDVWHF]NR9LQFL]9LQFLSRFKRG]L

/HRQDUGR@.LHG\MHGQDN:ãRFKPyZLİHNWRĤMHVW]MDNLHJRĤPLDVWDXİ\ZD

SU]\LPNDdiVRQRGL2OV]W\Q3LHURqGL5RPD:WHMV\WXDFMLSRGF]DVNRQFHS

WXDOL]DFMLQDSLHUZV]\SODQZ\FKRG]LRVREDNWyUDMHVWWUDMHNWRUHPDPLHMVFH

VWDMHVLčODQGPDUNLHP$]DWHPZ6DQWD&DWHULQDGL6LHQDRVREDPyZLĈFD

VNRQVWUXRZDãDVFHQčVNXSLDMĈFVLčQDRVRELHNWyUDSRVLDGDSHZQĈFHFKč

DPLDQRZLFLHSRFKRG]L]H6LHQ\=DWHPPLHMVFHSRFKRG]HQLDVWDãRVLčLQIRUPDFMĈ

DNFHVRU\MQĈĤZLčWD.DWDU]\QDMHVWSRFKRG]L]H6LHQ\6LHQHęVND=DXZDİP\

QDNRQLHFİHDNWXDOQLHF]čĤFLHMVSRW\NDQDMHVWIRUPD6DQWD&DWHULQDGD6LHQD

$QGDUHLQPDFFKLQDYVDQGDUHFRQODPDFFKLQD-HFKDþVDPRFKRGHP :HGãXJ5/DQJDFNHUD©LQWHOOVXVWKDWWKHWUDMHFWRULVVRPHZKHUHZLWKLQ

WKHODQGPDUN·VLQWHULRUª>@,VWRWQLHSU]\LPHNinZIXQNFMRQXMH

QDSRGVWDZLHVFKHPDWXSU]HGNRQFHSWXDOQHJRZSR]DRELHNW]QDMGXMHVLč

ZHZQĈWU]RELHNWX:Mč]\NXZãRVNLPZLHOHXİ\þSU]\LPNDinSRWZLHUG]D

WčVFKHPDW\F]QRĤþQS+RPHVVRODPDQRLQWDVFDZãRİ\ãHPUčNčGRNLHV]H

QL Ti aspetiamo in gelateria F]HNDP\QDFLHELHZORG]LDUQLStiamo in via GaribaldiMHVWHĤP\QDXOLF\*DULEDOGL$QQDqHQWUDWDQHOODSR]]DG·DFTXD

$QQDZHV]ãDGRNDãXİ\9DGRLQPDFFKLQDMDGčVDPRFKRGHP-HGQDNZãR

VNLSU]\LPHN in Z\VWčSXMHWDNİHZNRQWHNVWDFKG\QDPLF]Q\FKQSAndiamo nella pizzeria di mio zio LG]LHP\GRSL]]HULLPRMHJRZXMND,EDPELQLVRQR

andati nel bosco G]LHFLSRV]ã\SRMHFKDã\GRODVX; Andiamo in via Garibaldi MHG]LHP\LG]LHP\QDXOLFč*DULEDOGL

00DOLQRZVND>@Z\ND]DãDİHSROVNLPLRGSRZLHGQLNDPLGODZãRVNLHJR

SU]\LPNDinVĈQDVWčSXMĈFHNRQVWUXNFMHZORFZDFFQDORFQDDFF

GRJHQLİHUD]NRQFHSWXDOL]DFMDZMč]\NXSROVNLPED]XMHQDVFKHPDFLH

SRMHPQLNDFRPRİHP\X]QDþ]DSURWRW\SRZHLQQ\PUD]HP²QDVFKHPDFLH

3U]\LPNLMDNR]QDF]QLNLUyİQ\FKNRQFHSWXDOL]DFMLDQDOL]D]DJDGQLHQLD« 

ĤFLHİNLDMHV]F]HLQQ\P²QDVFKHPDFLHVW\F]QRĤFLW\PF]DVHPZMč]\NXZãR

VNLPNRQFHSWXDOL]DFMDPLHMVFDRGE\ZDVLč]DZV]HQDSRGVWDZLHVFKHPDWX

SRMHPQLNDDFKDUDNWHUV\WXDFMLZ\UDİRQ\MHVW]DSRPRFĈSUHG\NDWX:\GDMH

VLč]DWHPX]DVDGQLRQDWH]DİHZ\EyUSU]\LPND]DOHİ\QLHW\OHRGW\SXV\WX

DFMLF]\MHVWVWDQHPSURFHVHPF]\WHİ]GDU]HQLHPLOHRGNDWHJRULLORNDW\ZX

LVSRVREXMHJRNRQFHSWXDOL]RZDQLDNWyUHVĈUyİQHZREXMč]\NDFK1DSU]\

NãDGZMč]\NXSROVNLPFRĤVLčPLHĤFLQDXOLF\*DULEDOGLOXELG]LHVLčQDXOLFč

GaribaldiDZMč]\NXZãRVNLPPLHV]NDVLčSU]HE\ZDVLčOXESU]HPLHV]F]DVLč

ZXOLF\*DULEDOGL:\QLND]SRZ\İV]HJRİHSUHG\NDWXOLFDPDFKDUDNWHU

SRZLHU]FKQLQDNWyUHMFRĤVLčRE\ZDQDWRPLDVWSUHG\NDWYLDMHVWSRMHP

QLNLHPZHZQĈWU]NWyUHJRPDMĈPLHMVFHUyİQHV\WXDFMH:W\PNRQWHNĤFLH

LQWHUHVXMĈFDZ\GDMHVLčHW\PRORJLDSROVNLHJRZ\UD]XulicaZ\ZRG]ĈFDVLč

]H]QDF]HQLDSUDVãRZLDęVNLHJRZ\UD]XulNWyU\NLHG\ĤE\ãV]F]HOLQĈZSQLX

GU]HZD©SRGãXİQHZHZQĈWU]SXVWHZ\GUĈİHQLHª0LPRZLHOXZĈWSOLZRĤFLF]\

PLHV]NDVLčna ulicy F]\przy ulicyZ\UDİHQLHw ulicyPDG]LĤ]DNUHVXİ\FLD

RJUDQLF]RQ\GRVHNWRUDUREyWGURJRZ\FKQS=DNRęF]RQRSUDFHUHPRQWRZH

ZXOLF\3DUW\]DQWyZ6HUGHF]QLH]DSUDV]DP\GR]DSR]QDQLDVLč]NRQFHSFMĈ

EXGRZ\GUyJURZHURZ\FKZXOLF\*UXQZDOG]NLHMBudowa wiaduktu w ulicy 0ãRG]LDQRZVNLHM:\NRQDQLHGRNXPHQWDFMLWHFKQLF]QHMSQ%XGRZDGURJL

ZXOLF\6RFKDF]HZVNLHM>ĮUyGãR,QWHUQHW@

:UDFDMĈFGRSU]\NãDGXZ\MĤFLRZHJR$QGDUHLQPDFFKLQDMHFKDþZVDPR

FKRG]LHZ\UDİHQLHLQPDFFKLQDE\ãRE\Z\QLNLHPREUD]RZDQLDGRVãRZQHJR

WMZ\REUDİHQLDVRELHRVRE\ZVDPRFKRG]LHNWyU\VLčSU]HPLHV]F]D6DPRFKyG

E\ãE\]DWHPNRQFHSWXDOL]RZDQ\ZRGQLHVLHQLXGRVFKHPDWXSU]HGNRQFHSWX

DOQHJRpojemnikZNWyU\PFRĤVLč]QDMGXMHFRUD]HPRGSRZLDGDSHZQHPX

VWDQRZLSURFHVRZLOXEZ\GDU]HQLXDOHWHLQIRUPDFMHMDNSRZLHG]LHOLĤP\

Z\İHMVĈ]DZDUWHZSUHG\NDFLHLMHJRIRUPLH1DWRPLDVWZAndare con la PDFFKLQDVDPRFKyGVWDMHVLčODQGPDUNLHPQDU]čG]LHP]DSRPRFĈNWyUHJR

WUDMHNWRURVREDVLčSU]HPLHV]F]D.RQFHSWXDOL]DFMDRGE\ZDVLčZLčFQDSRG

VWDZLHVFKHPDWXSU]HGNRQFHSWXDOQHJRprzedmiotPDP\GZDSU]HGPLRW\

MHGHQRİ\ZLRQ\OXG]NLLMHGHQQLHRİ\ZLRQ\DOHUR]SR]QDZDOQ\SRSU]H]FHFK\

NDWHJRULLSRMčFLRZHMVDPRFKyG

,QJHODWHULDYV A scuola YV'DOSDUUXFFKLHUHZGRORG]LDUQLYVZV]NROH

GRV]NRã\YVXGRIU\]MHUD

:Mč]\NXZãRVNLPLVWQLHMHZLHOHNRPELQDFMLSU]\LPNRZ\FKGODZ\UDİH

QLDSU]HE\ZDQLDZMDNLPĤPLHMVFXOXESU]HPLHV]F]DQLDVLčZMHJRNLHUXQNX

0RİHP\E\þw lodziarni w szkole u fryzjera DOERMHFKDþGRORG]LDUQLGRV]NRã\

i do fryzjeraL]NRQNUHWQ\PPLHMVFHPXİ\W\EčG]LHRGSRZLHGQLSU]\LPHN.DİG\

SU]\LPHNXND]XMHQDSR]LRPLHZ\SRZLHG]HQLDUyİQHVSRVRE\NRQFHSWXDOL]DFML

SRV]F]HJyOQ\FKPLHMVFinMHVWLQNOX]\ZQHWUDMHNWRUZODQGPDUNXERMHĤOL

QLH]QDMG]LHP\VLčZSRPLHV]F]HQLXQLH]MHP\ORGyZSU]\LPHNda Z\UDİD

NRQFHSWXDOL]DFMčRGWUDMHNWRUDNWyU\MHVWQDGUXJLPPLHMVFXF]\OLNRQFHSWX

 .DWDU]\QD.ZDSLV]2VDGQLN

DOL]DWRUQDMSLHUZ©ZLG]LªPLHMVFHOXERVREčDQDVWčSQLHVLHELH:]GDQLDFK

W\SXAndare da Milano (a Firenze9HQLUHGD3DRORGD/RQGUDSXQNWZ\MĤFLD

Z\GDMHVLčRF]\ZLVW\MHFKDþ]0HGLRODQXZUDFDþRG3DROR]/RQG\QXPQLHM

RF]\ZLVWDZ\GDMHVLčGODXİ\WNRZQLNDMč]\NDSROVNLHJRNRQFHSWXDOL]DFMDstare da qualcunoda Marco E\þXNRJRĤ80DUNDZQD]ZLHZãRVNLHMUHVWDXUDFML

FKRþPRİQDVRELHZ\REUD]LþİHWUDMHNWRUHPMHVWORNDW\Z1DMEDUG]LHMZĈWSOLZH

MHVWXİ\FLHSU]\LPNDda ZNRQVWUXNFMDFK$QGDUHGDOSDUUXFFKLHUH dal medi- co da MarcoZNWyU\FKNLHUXQHNMHVWdoDQLHodMDNWRPLDãRPLHMVFHZ\İHM

LE\ãRSURWRW\SRZHGODSU]\LPNDda$]DWHPLĤþMHFKDþGRIU\]MHUD do leka- rza do MarkaF]\OL]ORNDW\ZHPRVRERZ\PE\ãRE\HIHNWHPNRQFHSWXDOL]DFML

ZNWyUHMWUDMHNWRUHPQLHMHVWRVREDZSR]\FMLSRGPLRWXDZãDĤQLHWHQRVRERZ\

ORNDW\Z=NROHLSU]\LPHNa XND]XMHSXQNWODQGPDUNGRNWyUHJR]PLHU]D

RELHNWWUDMHNWRUMHGQDNZVHQVLHZVND]DQLDPLHMVFDDQLHRVLĈJQLčFLDJR

:andare a scuola PDP\ZLčFORNDW\ZZNLHUXQNXNWyUHJRVLčSU]HPLHV]F]DP\

OXEZVWDUHHVVHUHDVFXRODPDP\JUDQLFHZREUčELHNWyU\FKVLč]QDMGXMHP\

&]čVWRVDPLXİ\WNRZQLF\Mč]\NDZãRVNLHJRPDMĈSUREOHP]Z\ERUHPSU]\LPND

QSHVVHUHVWDUHLQFDVDYVHVVHUHVWDUHDFDVD1LHPRİQDZW\PSU]\SDGNX

PyZLþREãčG]LHSRQLHZDİRELHV\WXDFMHRGQRV]ĈVLčGRQDWXUDOQ\FKPRİOLZ\FK

UHODFMLDOHZ\EyUSU]\LPNDXND]XMHUyİQHVSRVRE\REUD]RZDQLDDOERMHVWHP

ZHZQĈWU]GRPXEXG\QNXDOERMHVWHPZJUDQLFDFKPLHMVFDNWyUHQD]\ZDP

GRPHP

3RZLHG]LHOLE\ĤP\İHWRFKDUDNWHUPLHMVFDFKRþQLHW\ONRGHWHUPLQXMH

Z\EyUSU]\LPNDZMč]\NXZãRVNLPSU]\LPHNin WRZDU]\V]\PLHMVFRPSR

MHPQLNRPRMHGQRURGQ\PFKDUDNWHU]HZNWyUHWU]HEDVLčQLHMDNR]DSXĤFLþ

ZJãčELþZHMĤþQSDQGDUHVWDUHLQSL]]HULDLĤþGRE\þZSL]]HULLLQFKLHVD

GRNRĤFLRãDZNRĤFLHOH in ufficio GRELXUDZELXU]H in banca GREDQNX

ZEDQNX in città GRPLDVWDZPLHĤFLH in montagnaZJyU\ZJyUDFK in centro GRZFHQWUXP in via QDXOLFčQDXOLF\ in piazza GRQDSOD

FX in Francia GRZH)UDQFMLQHO3RUWRJDOORGRZ3RUWXJDOLL in treno GRZSRFLĈJXLQPDFFKLQDVDPRFKRGHPZVDPRFKRG]LH LWG3U]\LPHN

aZSURZDG]DORNDW\ZQ\FHOSU]HPLHU]DQLDĤFLHİNLOXEJUDQLFHZREUčELH

NWyU\FKVLč]QDMGXMHP\QSVWDUHDQGDUHDFDVDE\þZLĤþGRGRPX a scuola GRV]NRã\ZV]NROH a Milano GR0HGLRODQXZ0HGLRODQLH a lettoGRãyİND

ZãyİNX al centro ZGRFHQWUXP al bar (ZEDU]HGREDUX

2EVHUZDFMHSRF]\QLRQHSRZ\İHMQDZHWMHĤOLQLHFRRGVãDQLDMĈSR]QDZ

F]\Z\PLDUIXQNFMRQRZDQLDZ\EUDQ\FKZãRVNLFKSU]\LPNyZLW\PVDP\P

SU]\F]\QLDMĈVLčGROHSV]HJR]UR]XPLHQLDLFKUHODF\MQHMUROLQDSR]LRPLH

Mč]\NDVĈMHGQRF]HĤQLHSU]\F]\QĈNROHMQ\FKS\WDęPLčG]\LQQ\PLRLFKIRUPč

SURVWĈOXEĤFLĈJQLčWĈQSGODF]HJRPDP\andare a scuola i DQGDUHDOEDU"

DQGDUHLQ)UDQFLDLDQGDUHQHO3RUWRJDOOR"RUyİQHSU]\LPNLGODZ\GDZD

ãRE\VLčSRGREQ\FKPLHMVFJHRJUDILF]Q\FKQSGODF]HJRNUDMHWUDNWRZDQHVĈ

MDNRSRMHPQLNLandare in Francia, DPLDVWDMDNRSHZLHQSRZLHU]FKQLRZ\

REV]DUandare a Roma"LQDNRęFXRVDPZ\EyUSU]\LPNDGODNRQNUHWQ\FK

3U]\LPNLMDNR]QDF]QLNLUyİQ\FKNRQFHSWXDOL]DFMLDQDOL]D]DJDGQLHQLD« 

W\SyZPLHMVFQSGODF]HJR]DFKRZDãVLčSU]\LPHNdaGODPLHMVFRVRERZ\FK

ZH ZV]\VWNLFK PRİOLZ\FK V\WXDFMDFK SU]HVWU]HQQ\FK stare YV andare YV venire da Marco"1LQLHMV]HUR]ZDİDQLDQDOHİ\ZLčFSRWUDNWRZDþMDNR]DU\V

SUREOHPDW\NLIXQNFMRQRZDQLDSU]\LPNyZZMč]\NXZãRVNLPNWyUDZSLVXMH

VLčZNRJQLW\ZQHEDGDQLDQDG]MDZLVNLHP

:QLRVNL

:\GDMHVLčİH GRW\FKF]DVRZHEDGDQLDQDGNDWHJRULĈSU]\LPNDWDNİHWH

NRJQLW\ZQHVNXSLDã\VLčQDSUyELHRSLVXIXQNFMRQDOQHJR]QDF]HQLDSU]\LPND

QDSRGVWDZLHDQDOL]\NRQWHNVWyZXİ\FLD,RF]\ZLĤFLHLQDF]HMQLHPRİQDVRELH

Z\REUD]LþSURFHGXU\QDXNRZHM3RGREQLHEDGDQHVĈQSF]DVRZQLNLUXFKXLLFK

VNãDGQLRZHZãDĤFLZRĤFL7\PF]DVHPPRİHZDUWRE\SU]\JOĈGDþVLčEDUG]LHM

RWRF]HQLXEDGDQ\FKMHGQRVWHNLLFKUROLZQDGDZDQLX]QDF]HęLQQ\PNDWHJR

ULRP7DNZLčFDQDOL]DSU]\LPNyZRSLHUDãDE\VLčEDUG]LHMQDFHFKDFKORND

W\ZyZNWyUHQLHMDNRQDU]XFDMĈZ\EyUSU]\LPNDDQLHQDW\SLHSUHG\NDWX

ERZMč]\NXZãRVNLPSUHG\NDWPRİHE\þVWDW\F]Q\SURFHVXDOQ\OXE]GDU]HQLRZ\

DSU]\LPHNSR]RVWDQLHWDNLVDP:SU]\SDGNXF]DVRZQLNyZUXFKXUHIOHNVMD

GRW\F]\ãDE\FDãHJRNRQVWUXNWXW]QF]DVRZQLNDZUD]]SU]\LPNLHPLOXE

SU]\SDGNLHP=SXQNWXZLG]HQLDEDGDęNRJQLW\ZQ\FKF]\OLPLčG]\LQQ\PL

ZRGQLHVLHQLXGRODQJDFNHURZVNLHMJUDPDW\NLRSDUWHMQDX]XVLHQDOHİ\Z]LĈþ

SRGXZDJčIDNWİHQLHZV]\VWNLHXİ\FLDPDMĈVHPDQW\F]QHZ\MDĤQLHQLHDVĈ

HIHNWHPSUHIHUHQF\MQRĤFLLIUHNZHQFMLXİ\FLDWH]NROHLF]čVWRPDMĈGLDFKUR

QLF]QĈPRW\ZDFMč:FDãRĤFLRZ\PRSLVLHNDWHJRULLSU]\LPNDLSRV]F]HJyOQ\FK

MHJRUHSUH]HQWDQWyZWU]HEDE\WDNİHZ]LĈþSRGXZDJčNRQVWUXNFMH]ãRİRQH

]GROQRĤþSU]\MčFLDIXQNFMLSU]\VãyZNDF]\MHV]F]HIXQNFMčZSURZDG]DQLD]GDę

]ãRİRQ\FK7DNF]\LQDF]HMSU]\MčFLHİHIXQNFMRQRZDQLHSU]\LPNyZRGE\ZD

VLčQDSRGVWDZLHVFKHPDWyZSU]HGNRQFHSWXDOQ\FKSRMHPQLNDZSR]DQDSRG

SU]HG]DQDVW\NXLWGRELHNWXĤFLHİNL]SXQNWHPZ\MĤFLDWUDVĈLSXQNWHP

GRMĤFLDNWyUHUHJXOXMĈUHODFMHWUDMHNWRUODQGPDUNSRGF]DVREUD]RZDQLDPD

QLH]DSU]HF]DOQH]QDF]HQLHQLHW\ONRZEDGDQLDFKMč]\NR]QDZF]\FKRGZRãDQLH

VLčGRSURFHVyZSU]HWZDU]DQLDGDQ\FK]SR]LRPXDUFKHW\SyZSR]QDZF]\FK

L]SR]LRPXORJLF]Q\FKWHRULLUR]XPRZDQLDX]XSHãQLDGRW\FKF]DVRZĈZLHG]č

QDWHPDWMč]\NDOHF]WDNİHZJORWWRG\GDNW\FHQSSRMčFLHLQZDULDQWXVH

PDQW\F]QHJRSR]ZDODQDV]\EV]HZ\FKZ\FHQLHUyİQLFZXİ\FLXSRV]F]HJyO

Q\FKNDWHJRULLGDQHJRMč]\NDLZV]HURNRSRMčW\FKEDGDQLDFKNXOWXURZ\FK

XMDZQLDMĈVLčUyİQHZL]MHĤZLDWD

 .DWDU]\QD.ZDSLV]2VDGQLN

%LEOLRJUDILD

&HUYRQL-HDQ/DSUpSRVLWLRQpWXGHVpPDQWLTXHHWSUDJPDWLTXH3DULV/RXYDLQ

OD1HXYH'XFXORW

'DUGDQR0DXUL]LR7ULIRQH3LHWUR*UDPPDWLFDLWDOLDQDFRQQR]LRQLGLOLQJXLVWLFD

%RORJQD=DQLFKHOOL

'HVFOpV-HDQ3LHUUH/DQJDJHVDSSOLFDWLIVODQJDJHVQDWXUHOVHWFRJQLWLRQ3DULV

+HUPqV

'HVFOpV-HDQ3LHUUH%DQ\Ĥ:LHVãDZ'LDORJXHjSURSRVGHVLQYDULDQWVGXODQJDJH

Å(WXGHV&RJQLWLYHV´QU

'HVFOpV-HDQ3LHUUH5HSUpVHQWDWLRQVFRJQLWLYHVRSpUpHVSDUOHVODQJXHVÅ1HRSKL

ORORJLFD´QU

-RKQVRQ0DUN7KH%RG\LQWKH0LQG&KLFDJR&KLFDJR8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV

.DURODN6WDQLVãDZ6NãDGQLDIUDQFXVNDRSRGVWDZDFKVHPDQW\F]Q\FK.UDNyZ

&ROOHJLXP&ROXPELQXP

/DNRII*HRUJH-RKQVRQ0DUN(OHPHQWLGLOLQJXLVWLFDFRJQLWLYD8UELQR 4XDW

WUR9HQWL

/DQJDFNHU5RQDOG)RXQGDWLRQVRI&RJQLWLYH*UDPPDU6WDQIRUG6WDQIRUG8QL

YHUVLW\3UHVV

/DQJDFNHU5RQDOG0RGHOG\QDPLF]Q\RSDUW\QDX]XVLH:$NZL]\FMDMč]\ND

ZĤZLHWOHMč]\NR]QDZVWZDNRJQLW\ZQHJR5HG'ĈEURZVND(.XELęVNL:.UDNyZ

8QLYHUVLWDV

/DQJDFNHU5RQDOG*UDPDW\NDNRJQLW\ZQD.UDNyZ8QLYHUVLWDV

.ZDSLV]2VDGQLN.DWDU]\QDTra percezione e lingua: alcune osservazioni sul IXQ]LRQDPHQWRGHLFRPSOHPHQWLFKHIDQQRULIHULPHQWRDOOHSURSULHWjILVLFKHGHJOL

HVVHULXPDQLÅ6WXGLD5RPDQLFD3RVQDQLHQVDµQU

0DOLQRZVND0DULD,OUXRORGHJOLVFKHPLLFRQLFLSDUWHWXWWRSHUFRUVRSXQWRLQL- ]LDOHFRQWHQLWRUHVXSSRUWRHFRQWLJXLWjQHOODVHPDQWLFDSUHSRVL]LRQDOHLQLWDOLDQR

.UDNyZ:\G8-

0DOLQRZVND0DULD/DSUHSRVL]LRQH,QHLVXRLFRUULVSRQGHQWLSRODFFKLXQRVWXGLR

FRJQLWLYRÅ5RPDQLFD&UDFRYLHQVDµQU

0DOLQRZVND0DULD,QVHJQDPHQWRGHOOHSUHSRVL]LRQL,168$DGLVFHQWLGLPD- GUHOLQJXDSRODFFDOLYHOOL&H&²XQRVWXGLRFRJQLWLYRÅ5RPDQLFD&UDFRYLHQVDµ

QU

0DULQXFFL0DUFHOOR/DOLQJXDLWDOLDQD7RULQR%UXQR0RQGDWRUL

0RUHWWL*LRYDQQL%DWWLVWD*UHJR%ROOL*LXOLDQD&HUQHWWL3DRORQL$QWRQHOOD

/·,WDOLDQRFRPHVHFRQGDOLQJXD3HUXJLD*XHUUD(GL]LRQL

3UDQGL0LFKHOH*UDPPDWLFDGHOODOLQJXDLWDOLDQD7RULQR3HWULQL(GLWRUH

3U]\E\OVND5HQDWD3ROLVHPLDSU]\LPNyZSROVNLFKZĤZLHWOHVHPDQW\NLNRJQLW\Z- QHM.UDNyZ8QLYHUVLWDV

6HULDQQL/XFDGrammatica italiana7RULQR8WHW8QLYHUVLWj

:LGãDN6WDQLVãDZ*UDPDW\NDMč]\NDZãRVNLHJR:DUV]DZD:LHG]D3RZV]HFKQD

3U]\LPNLMDNR]QDF]QLNLUyİQ\FKNRQFHSWXDOL]DFMLDQDOL]D]DJDGQLHQLD« 

Summary

35(326,7,216$60$5.(56

2)',))(5(17&21&(378$/,=$7,216

7+($1$/<6,6%$6('217+(,7$/,$1/$1*8$*(

7KLVDUWLFOHLVGHYRWHGWRWKHXVHVRIGLIIHUHQW,WDOLDQSUHSRVLWLRQVLQH[SUHVVLRQV

GHVFULELQJWKHVDPHIUDJPHQWRIUHDOLW\DVH[HPSOLILHGE\una ragazza dai capelli rossi and con una ragazza (i) capelli rossiERWKUHIHUULQJWRDUHGKDLUHGJLUO6LWXDWLQJ

WKHUHVHDUFKLQWKHILHOGRI&RJQLWLYH*UDPPDUE\5/DQJDFNHUWKHUHODWLRQEHWZHHQ

DWUDMHFWRUDQGDODQGPDUNDQGEDVHGRQWKHFRQFHSWLRQRISUHFRJQLWLYHVFKHPDWKH

IROORZLQJK\SRWKHVHVZHUHYHULILHGSUHSRVLWLRQDVDUHODWLRQDOFDWHJRU\UHFRQVWUXFWV

LQDVHQWHQFHWKHUHODWLRQEHWZHHQWKHWUDMHFWRUDQGWKHODQGPDUNSUHSRVLWLRQDV

DORFDOLVWLFFDWHJRU\LOOXVWUDWHVWKHVSDWLDODQGRUWHPSRUDOPXWXDOGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKH

WUDMHFWRUDQGWKHODQGPDUNWKHRUGHULQJRIWKHWUDMHFWRUDQGWKHODQGPDUNGRHV

QRWQHFHVVDULO\UHIOHFWWKHRUGHURISHUFHLYHGHOHPHQWVWKHHOHPHQWH[SUHVVHGDIWHU

DSUHSRVLWLRQFDQEHDVWDUWLQJSRLQWWRWKHSHUFHSWLRQRIDVFHQHGLIIHUHQFHVLQ

WKHFKRLFHRISUHSRVLWLRQVH[SUHVVGLIIHUHQWZD\VWRFRQFHSWXDOL]HWKHVDPHIUDJPHQW

RIUHDOLW\SURWRW\SLFDOXVHVRISUHSRVLWLRQVUHIHUWRUHODWLRQDOVFKHPDVDQGORFDOLVWLF

SUHFRQFHSWXDOVFKHPDWKHUHH[LVWDVHPDQWLFXVHVRISUHSRVLWLRQVDVLQGLFDWHG

E\ODQJXDJHXVHUV·SUHIHUHQFHVHDFKSUHSRVLWLRQKDVLWVRZQVHPDQWLFLQYDULDQW

.RQWDNW]$XWRUNĈ

NNZDSLV]#LFORXGFRP