Database documentation

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Database documentation

NATURAL GAS INFORMATION

2021 EDITION

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The IEA examines the full spectrum of energy issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy, demand side management and much more. Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability, affordability and sustainability of energy in its

30 member countries, 8 association countries and beyond.

Please note that this publication is subject to specific restrictions that limit its use and distribution. The terms and conditions are available online at www.iea.org/t&c/

This publication and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area.

IEA member countries:

Australia Austria Belgium Canada

Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Japan Korea Luxembourg Mexico Netherlands New Zealand Norway Poland Portugal

Slovak Republic Spain

Sweden Switzerland Turkey

United Kingdom United States The European Commission also participates in the work of the IEA

IEA association countries:

Brazil China India Indonesia Morocco Singapore South Africa Thailand

AGENCY

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This document provides support information for the IEA Annual Natural Gas Statistics database. This document can be found online at: http://wds.iea.org/wds/pdf/gas_documentation.pdf

Please address your inquiries to GASAQ@iea.org.

Please note that all IEA data are subject to the Terms and Conditions which can be found on the IEA’s website at:

https://www.iea.org/terms

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1. CHANGES FROM LAST EDITION ... 4

2. DATABASE STRUCTURE ... ....6

3. FLOW DEFINITIONS ...7

4. PRODUCT DEFINITIONS ... . 14

5. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE ... . 15

6. COUNTRY NOTES AND SOURCES ... . 29

7. UNITS AND CONVERSIONS... 48

8. ABBREVIATIONS ... . 52

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1. CHANGES FROM LAST EDITION

In the current release the files for OECD countries are updated with complete information for 2019, and with supply data for 2020.

A number of OECD countries have provisional sectoral demand data available for 2020. These data were collected for the first time during the 2019/2020 data cycle. There may be breaks in the time series.

The OECD-focused IVT files now include 14 European non-OECD countries submitting the joint annual natural gas questionnaire to the IEA. These countries are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus¹, Republic of North Macedonia, Georgia, Kosovo, Malta, Republic of Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia and Ukraine. Please refer to the IEA World Energy Statistics online documentation for their country notes and data sources, which can be found at http://wds.iea.org/wds/pdf/worldbes_documentation.pdf.

In this online data service the default data display is figures rounded to zero decimal places.

However, from 2017 data onwards, further detail, up to the three decimal place level, is available where reported by the national administrations, upon selecting View > Decimals in the Menu bar. Please note that the constituent data summed to produce regional and flow aggregates may be reported at differing levels of preci- sion.

Therefore, care should be taken when using data for aggregated flows beyond the level of 0 decimal places.

Data up to and including 2016 has been rounded to 0 decimal places.

Note: Periods (.) are used to separate decimal places.

Geographical coverage

Colombia became an OECD Member in April 2020. Accordingly, starting with this edition, Colombia appears in the list of OECD Members for data starting in 1971.

Costa Rica joined the OECD in May 2021. However, data for Costa Rica are not included in the OECD aggregates for this edition.

Chile, Colombia, Israel, and Lithuania are currently seeking accession to full IEA membership (Accession country), therefore they are included in the IEA and Accession/Association countries aggregate (IEA family) for data starting in 1971 (Chile, Colombia, and Israel) / 1990 (Lithuania).

The IEA continues to expand the coverage of its statistics reports and encourages more countries to collaborate on data exchange. As detailed data have become consistently available for Niger before 2000 and for Guyana for the

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entire time series, the associated time series are now shown explicitly in the main list of countries for all years, and have been removed from the Other Africa and Other non-OECD Americas regions, respectively.

Old longname New longname Shortname Old shortname

(if changed)

Albania ALBANIA

Bosnia and Herzegovina BOSNIAHERZ

Bulgaria BULGARIA

Colombia COLOMBIA

Croatia CROATIA

Cyprus CYPRUS

Georgia GEORGIA

Kosovo KOSOVO

Malta MALTA

Republic of Moldova MOLDOVA

Montenegro MONTENEGRO

Republic of North Macedonia NORTHMACED

Romania ROMANIA

Serbia SERBIA

Ukraine UKRAINE

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2. DATABASE STRUCTURE

The Natural Gas Information database contains five files with the following annual data.

OECD files (Last updated in July 2021)

 Countries: 36 countries and 5 regional aggregates (see section Geographical coverage)

 Years: 1960-2020 (unless otherwise specified, see section Geographical coverage) NGALBALCON.IVT OECD Supply and Consumption by Sector

Natural gas statistics on production, total imports and exports, stock changes, stock levels, gross inland consumption and consumption in the transformation sector, energy sector and end-use. (78 flows)

(Mcm; TJ)

NGIMPORT.IVT OECD Imports

Breakdown of imports by country of origin (165 different origins). Data are shown for total trade, pipeline and LNG.

(Mcm; TJ)

NGEXPORT.IVT OECD Exports

Breakdown of exports by country of destination (165 different destinations). Data are shown for total trade, pipeline and LNG.

(Mcm; TJ)

WORLD files (Last updated in July 2021)

 Countries: 143 countries and 24 regional aggregates (see section Geographical coverage)

 Years: 1960-2019 for OECD countries, 1971-2018 for non-OECD countries and 2020 preliminary energy supply data for every country, unless otherwise specified (see section Geographical coverage)

NGWBAL.IVT World Supply (Last updated in July 2021)

Natural gas statistics on production, total imports and exports, and gross inland consumption.

(Mcm; TJ)

NGWIMP.IVT World Imports (Last updated in July 2021)

Breakdown of imports by country of origin (over 80 different origins). Data are shown for total trade, pipeline and LNG.

(Mcm; TJ)

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3. FLOW DEFINITIONS

Supply

Flow Short name Definition

Indigenous Production INDPROD All dry marketable production within national boundaries, including offshore production. Production is measured after pu- rification and extraction of NGLs and sulphur. Extraction losses and quantities reinjected, vented or flared, are not included. Production includes quantities used within the natural gas industry; in gas extraction, pipeline systems and processing plants.

Associated Gas AGASPRD Natural gas produced in association with crude oil.

Non-Associated Gas NAGASPRD Natural gas originating from fields producing hydrocarbons only in gaseous form.

Colliery Gas COLLIERY Methane produced at coal mines, piped to the surface and consumed at collieries or transmitted by pipeline to consumers.

From Other Sources OSOURCES Supplies of fuel of which production is covered in other fuel energy balances but which are blended with natural gas, and consumed as a blend. The origin of the fuel could be oil, coal and renewables.

From Other Sources - Oil

OSOIL From Other Sources of which from Oil (See “From Other Sources”).

From Other Sources - Coal

OSCOAL From Other Sources of which from Coal (See “From Other Sources”).

From Other Sources - Renewables

OSRENEW From Other Sources of which from Renewables (See “From Other Sources”).

Imports (Balance) TOTIMPSB Amounts are regarded as imported when they have crossed the political boundaries of the country, whether customs clearance has taken place or not. Imports of liquefied natural gas should cover only the dry marketable equivalent, including amounts used as own consumption in the regasification process. Imports by country of origin shown in NGIMPORT and NGWIMP concern imports of gas by ultimate origin for use in the country.

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Supply

Exports (Balance) TOTEXPSB Amounts are regarded as exported when they have crossed the political boundaries of the country, whether customs clearance has taken place or not. Exports by country of destination shown in NGEXPORT concern exports of domesti- cally produced gas by ultimate destination.

International Marine Bunkers

BUNKERS Quantities of LNG or natural gas used by ships of all flags that are engaged in international navigation. The international navigation may take place at sea, on inland lakes and water- ways, and in coastal waters.

Stock Changes STCHANAT This is the change in stock level of recoverable gas held on national territory; the difference between opening stock level at the first day of the year and closing stock level at the last day of the year of stocks held on national territory. A stock build is shown as a negative number and a stock draw as a positive number.

Inland Consumption (Calculated)

INDCONC Inland consumption calculated is defined as:

+ Indigenous Production + From Other Sources

+ Imports

- Exports

+ Stock Changes

Statistical Difference STATDIFF This is the difference between calculated and observed Inland Consumption. National administrations sometimes obtain the data components of domestic availability from a variety of sources. Owing to differences in concepts, coverage, timing and definitions, observed and calculated consumption are of- ten not identical.

Inland Consumption (Observed)

INDCONO Represents deliveries of marketable gas to the inland market, including gas used by the gas industry for heating and operation of their equipment (i.e. consumption in gas extraction, in the pipeline system and in processing plants) and including losses in distribution.

Opening Stock Level (National territory)

OSNATTER Refers to opening stock levels held on national territory, at the first day of the year (including government controlled stocks).

Closing Stock Level (National territory)

CSNATTER Refers to closing stock levels held on national territory, at the last day of the year (including government controlled stocks).

Memo: Opening Stock Level (Held abroad)

OSABR Refers to opening stock levels held abroad, at the first day of the year (including government controlled stocks). These amounts are not included in the stock changes.

Memo: Closing Stock Level (Held abroad)

CSABR Refers to closing stock levels held abroad, at the last day of the year (including government controlled stocks). These amounts are not included in the stock changes.

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Supply

Memo: Gas Vented VENTED The volume of gas released into the air on the production site or at the gas processing plant.

Memo: Gas Flared FLARED The volume of gas burned in flares on the production site or at the gas processing plant.

Memo: Cushion Gas Closing Stock Level

CUSHCSNAT Total volume of gas required as a permanent inventory to maintain adequate underground storage reservoir pressures and deliverability rates throughout the output cycle. These amounts are not included in the stock levels or stock changes.

Transformation processes

Transformation - Total TOTTRANF Comprises fuel inputs to both public and private electricity, combined heat and power plants and heat plants. An autoproducer is an industrial establishment which, in addition to its main activities, generates electricity, wholly or partly for its own use. It includes railway's own production of electricity.

Heat plants and combined heat and power plants only cover fuel inputs for that part of the heat which is sold to a third party. Transformation sector also comprises fuels used as feedstocks in gas works, coke ovens and blast furnaces.

Main Activity Producer Electricity Plants

MAINELEC Includes inputs of gas for the production of electricity in main activity producer electricity plants, whose primary purpose is to produce, transmit or distribute electricity.

Autoproducer Electricity Plants

AUTOELEC Includes inputs of gas for the production of electricity by an enterprise which, in addition to its main activities, generates electricity wholly or partly for its own use, e.g. industrial es- tablishments, railways, refineries, etc.

Main Activity Producer Combined Heat and Power Plants

MAINCHP Includes inputs of gas to main activity producer combined heat and power plants which generate electricity and useful heat in a single installation.

Autoproducer Combined Heat and Power Plants

AUTOCHP Includes inputs of gas to autoproducer combined heat and power plants which generate electricity and useful heat in a single installation. All fuel inputs for electricity production are taken into account, while for heat production, only that part of inputs to heat which is sold to third parties (e.g. to a network) is shown.

Main Activity Producer Heat Plants

MAINHEAT Includes inputs of gas to main activity producer plants which are designed to produce heat only.

Autoproducer Heat Plants

AUTOHEAT Includes inputs of gas to autoproducer plants which are designed to produce heat only. Data for autoproducer heat plants represent inputs of fuel to plants which sell heat to a third party under the provisions of a contract.

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Transformation processes

Gas Works (Transformation)

TGASWKS Natural gas used in gas works and gasification plants. Gas used for heating and operation of equipment is not included here but reported in the Energy sector.

Coke Ovens (Transformation)

TCOKEOVS Natural gas used in coke ovens. Gas used for heating and operation of equipment is not included here but reported in the Energy sector.

Blast Furnaces (Transformation)

TBLASTFUR Natural gas used in blast furnaces.

Gas to Liquids (Transformation)

TGTL Natural gas used as feedstock for the conversion to liquids.

Of which GTL technology (Transformation)

TGTLTECH Natural gas used specifically in a process featuring reaction of methane with oxygen or steam to produce syngas followed by synthesis of liquid products from the syngas using Fischer- Tropsch catalytic synthesis.

Not Elsewhere Specified (Transformation)

TNONSPEC Natural gas used in transformation activities not included elsewhere. It usually includes natural gas used to produce hydrogen for hydrocracking or hydrodesulphurization in oil refineries.

Energy industry own use and Losses

Energy Industry Own Use - Total

TOTENGY Natural gas consumed by energy industry to support the extraction (mining, oil and gas production) or transformation activity. ISIC Divisions 05, 06, 19, 35, Group 091, Class 0892 and 0721 (NACE Divisions 05, 06, 19, 35, Group 09.1, Class 08.92 and 07.21). Quantities of natural gas trans- formed into another energy form are reported under the Transformation sector. Natural gas consumed in support of the operation of oil and gas pipelines is reported in the Transport sector.

Coal Mines EMINES Natural gas consumed to support the extraction and preparation of coal within the coal mining industry.

Oil and Gas Extraction EOILGASEX Natural gas consumed in the oil and gas extraction process and in natural gas processing plants. Pipeline losses are reported as distribution losses, and natural gas used to operate the pipelines is reported in the Transport sector.

Inputs to Oil Refineries EREFINER Own consumption of natural gas in oil refineries.

Coke Ovens (Energy) ECOKEOVS Own consumption of natural gas at coking plants.

Blast Furnaces (Energy) EBLASTFUR Natural gas consumed in blast furnaces operations.

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Energy industry own use and Losses

Gas Works (Energy) EGASWKS Own consumption of natural gas at gas works and gasification plants.

Electricity, CHP and Heat Plants

EPOWERPLT Own consumption of natural gas in electric plants, combined heat and power plants, and heat plants.

Liquefaction (LNG) / Regasification

ELNG Natural gas consumed as fuel at gas liquefaction and regasification plants.

Gas to Liquids (Energy) EGTL Natural gas consumed as fuel at the Gas-to-Liquid conversion plants.

Of which GTL technology (Energy)

EGTLTECH Natural gas consumed as fuel at the GTL technology plants.

Not Elsewhere Specified (Energy)

ENONSPEC Natural gas used in energy activities not included elsewhere.

Distribution Losses DISTLOSS Losses due to transport and distribution, as well as pipeline losses.

Final consumption

Final Consumption FINCONS Final consumption is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors (in the Transport, Industry and Other sectors). It excludes deliveries for transformation and/or own use of the energy producing industries.

Transport - Total TOTTRANS Natural gas consumed for all transport activity irrespective of the economic sector in which the activity occurs. ISIC Divi- sions 49, 50 and 51 (NACE Divisions 49, 50 and 51).

Road ROAD Compressed natural gas (CNG) for use in road vehicles. Ex-

cludes natural gas consumed in stationary engines, which is reported under Other Sectors.

of which Biogas ROADBIOGAS Amounts of biogas included in road consumption.

Pipeline Transport PIPELINE Natural gas used in support of the operation of oil and gas pipelines.

Not Elsewhere Specified (Transport)

TRNONSPE Natural gas used in transport activities not included elsewhere.

Industry - Total TOTIND Natural gas consumed by the industrial undertaking in support of its primary activities. Includes quantities of natural gas consumed in heat only and CHP plants for the production of heat used by the plant itself. Quantities of natural gas consumed for production of heat that is sold and for the production of electricity, are reported under the appropriate Trans- formation sector.

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Final consumption

Mining and Quarrying MINING ISIC Divisions 07, 08 and Group 099 (NACE Divisions 07, 08 and Group 09.9).

Construction CONSTRUC ISIC Division 41, 42 and 43 (NACE Division 41, 42 and 43).

Manufacturing MANUFACT Manufacturing refers to the sum of the following industrial sub-sectors:

• Iron and Steel:

• Chemical and petrochemical:

• Non-ferrous metals

• Non-metallic minerals

• Transport equipment

• Food and tobacco

• Paper, pulp and printing

• Wood and wood products

• Textile and leather

Definitions of the sub-sectors themselves can be found under the listing for each respective sub-sector below.

Iron and Steel IRONSTL ISIC Group 241 and Class 2431 (NACE Divisions 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.51 and 24.52).

Chemicals including Petrochemicals

CHEMICAL ISIC Division 20, 21 (NACE Division 20, 21).. Excludes petrochemical feedstocks.

Non-Ferrous Metals NONFERR ISIC Group 242 and Class 2432 (NACE Group 24.4 and Classes 24.53, 24.54).

Non-Metallic Mineral Products

NONMET ISIC Division 23 (NACE Division 23). This category includes glass, ceramic, cement and other building materials industries.

Transport Equipment TRANSEQ ISIC Divisions 29 and 30 (NACE Divisions 29 and 30).

Machinery MACHINE ISIC Divisions 25, 26, 27 and 28 (NACE Divisions 25, 26, 27 and 28). This category includes fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment other than transport equipment.

Food Processing, Beverages and Tobacco

FOODPRO ISIC Divisions 10, 11 and 12 (NACE Divisions 10, 11 and 12).

Pulp, Paper and Printing PAPERPRO ISIC Divisions 17 and 18. (NACE Divisions 17 and 18). This category includes reproduction of recorded media.

Wood and Wood Products

WOODPRO ISIC Division 16 (NACE Division 16).

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Final consumption

Textile and Leather TEXTILES ISIC Divisions 13-15 (NACE Divisions 13-15).

Not Elsewhere Specified (Industry)

INONSPEC Any manufacturing industry not included elsewhere. ISIC and NACE Divisions 22, 31 and 32.

Residential RESIDENT Natural gas consumed by all households including “households with employed persons”. (ISIC and NACE Divisions 97 and 98).

Commercial and Public Services

COMMPUB Natural gas consumed by businesses and offices in the public and private sectors. ISIC and NACE Divisions 33, 36, 37, 38, 39, 45, 46, 47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84 (excluding Class 8422), 85, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 and 99.

Agriculture and forestry AGRICULT Natural gas consumption by users classified as agriculture, fishing (ocean, coastal and inland fishing), hunting and forestry. ISIC Divisions 01 and 02 (NACE Divisions 01 and 02).

Fishing FISHING Natural gas delivered for inland, coastal and deep-sea fishing.

Fishing should cover fuels delivered to ships of all flags that have refueled in the country (include international fishing).

Also include energy used in the fishing industry as specified in ISIC Division 03 (NACE Division 03).

Not Elsewhere Specified (Other)

ONONSPEC All activities not included elsewhere; includes military use.

Total Non-Energy Use NONENTOTAL Total non-energy use of natural gas.

Non-Energy Use in

Industry NONENINDUS

Non-energy use of natural gas for Industry.

of which Non-Energy use in the Chemical/Pet-

rochemical Industry NONPETCH

Feedstocks to the petrochemical industry (ISIC Rev. 4 Group 201).

Other Non-Energy Use OTHERNONENUSE Non-energy use of natural gas in Transport and Other sectors.

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4. PRODUCT DEFINITIONS

Natural gas

Natural gas is expressed in million cubic metres at 15°C and at 760 mmHg, i.e. Standard Conditions and in terajoules on a gross calorific value basis.

Natural gas NATGAS Natural gas comprises gases, occurring in underground de- posits, whether liquefied or gaseous, consisting mainly of methane. It includes both “non-associated” gas originating from fields producing hydrocarbons only in gaseous form, and “associated” gas produced in association with crude oil as well as methane recovered from coal mines (colliery gas). Manu- factured gas (produced from municipal or industrial waste, or sewage) and quantities re-injected vented or flared are not included.

Natural gas pipeline trade

PIPE In trade databases (NGEXPORT, NGIMPORT and NGWIMP), this product includes the natural gas that crossed the border through a pipeline in gaseous form.

Natural gas LNG trade LNG In trade databases (NGEXPORT, NGIMPORT and NGWIMP), this product includes the natural gas that crossed the border as LNG.

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5. GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE

Countries and regions

This document is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. In this publication,

“country” refers to a country or territory, as the case may be. Data start in 1960 for OECD countries and regions, and in 1971 for non-OECD countries and regions, unless otherwise specified.

Country/Region Short name Definition

Australia AUSTRALI

Excludes the overseas territories.

Data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 July Y-1 and ends on 30 June Y are labelled as Year Y.

Austria AUSTRIA

Belgium BELGIUM

Canada CANADA

Chile CHILE Data start in 1971.

Czech Republic CZECH

Colombia COLOMBIA Data start in 1971.

Denmark DENMARK Excludes Greenland and the Faroe Islands.

Estonia ESTONIA Data start in 1990. Prior to that, they are included within Former Soviet Union.

Finland FINLAND

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Countries and regions

France FRANCE

From 2011 data onwards, France includes Monaco, and the following overseas departments (Guadeloupe; French Guiana; Martinique; Mayotte; and Réunion); and excludes the overseas collectivities (New Caledonia; French Polynesia; Saint Barthélemy; Saint Martin; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; and Wallis and Futuna).

Prior to 2011, France includes Monaco and excludes the following overseas departments and collectivities:

Guadeloupe; French Guiana; Martinique; Mayotte and Réunion; New Caledonia; French Polynesia; Saint Barthélemy; Saint Martin; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; and Wallis and Futuna.

Germany GERMANY Includes the new federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards.

Greece GREECE

Hungary HUNGARY Data start in 1965.

Iceland ICELAND There is no natural gas data for Iceland as there is neither production nor consumption of natural gas in this country.

Ireland IRELAND

Israel ISRAEL

The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Data start in 1971.

Italy ITALY Includes San Marino and the Holy See .

Japan JAPAN

Includes Okinawa.

Starting 1990, data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 April Y and ends on 31 March Y+1 are labelled as Year Y.

Korea KOREA Data start in 1971.

Latvia LATVIA

Data start in 1990. Prior to that, they are included within Former Soviet Union.

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Countries and regions

Lithuania LITHUANIA

Data start in 1990. Prior to that, they are included within Former Soviet Union.

Lithuania appears in the list of OECD Members and is included in the OECD aggregates ONLY in the files which have been updated for this edition: NGALBALCON, NGIMPORT and NGEXPORT. Lithuania was not an OECD Member at the time of the preparation of the World data. Accordingly, in the files NGWBAL and NGWIMP, Lithuania is included in the list of Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia.

Luxembourg LUXEMBOU

Mexico MEXICO Data start in 1965.

Netherlands NETHLAND

Excludes Suriname, Aruba and the other former Netherland Antilles (Bonaire, Curaçao², Saba, Saint Eustatius and Sint Maarten²).

New Zealand NZ

Norway NORWAY

Poland POLAND

Portugal PORTUGAL Includes the Azores and Madeira.

Slovak Republic SLOVAKIA Data start in 1968.

Slovenia SLOVENIA Data start in 1990. Prior to that, they are included within Former Yugoslavia.

Spain SPAIN Includes the Canary Islands.

Sweden SWEDEN

Switzerland SWITLAND Does not include Liechtenstein.

Turkey TURKEY

2. Netherlands Antilles was dissolved on 10 October 2010, resulting in two new constituent countries, Curaçao and Sint Maarten, with the remaining islands joining the Netherlands as special municipalities. From 2012 onwards, data now account for the energy statistics of Curaçao Island only. Prior to 2012, data remain unchanged and still cover the entire territory of the former Netherlands Antilles.

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Countries and regions

United Kingdom UK As of the 1^st of February 2020, the United Kingdom (UK) is no longer part of the European Union (EU) and has en- tered into a transition period until 31 December 2020.

In this publication with data up to 2019, the UK is still included in the EU28 aggregate.

Exports of natural gas to the Isle of Man are included with the exports to Ireland.

United States USA Includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia.

OECD Total OECDTOT Includes Australia; Austria; Belgium; Canada; Chile;

Colombia; the Czech Republic; Denmark; Estonia;

Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Iceland;

Ireland; Israel; Italy; Japan; Korea; Latvia; Lithuania;

Luxembourg; Mexico; the Netherlands; New Zealand;

Norway; Poland; Portugal; the Slovak Republic; Slovenia;

Spain; Sweden; Switzerland; Turkey; the United Kingdom and the United States. Estonia, Latvia and Slovenia are included starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, data for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are included in Former Soviet Union and data for Slovenia in Former Yugoslavia.

OECD Americas OECDAM Includes Canada; Chile; Mexico and the United States.

OECD Asia Oceania OECDAO Includes Australia; Israel; Japan; Korea and New Zealand.

OECD Europe OECDEUR Includes Austria; Belgium; the Czech Republic; Denmark;

Estonia; Finland; France; Germany; Greece; Hungary;

Iceland; Ireland; Italy; Latvia; Lithuania; Luxembourg;

the Netherlands; Norway; Poland; Portugal;

the Slovak Republic; Slovenia; Spain; Sweden;

Switzerland; Turkey and the United Kingdom. Estonia, Latvia and Slovenia are included starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, data for Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are included in Former Soviet Union and data for Slovenia in Former Yugoslavia.

IEA IEATOT Includes Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the

Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States.

Estonia is included starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, data for Estonia are included in Former Soviet Union.

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Countries and regions

Country/Region Short name Definition The IEA and

Accession/Association countries

IEAFAMILY Includes: IEA member countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia3, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States; Accession countries: Chile, Colombia, Israel, Lithuania; Association countries: Brazil, the People’s Republic of China; India; Indonesia; Morocco; Singapore;

South Africa; Thailand.

Argentina ARGENTINA

Bolivia BOLIVIA

Brazil BRAZIL

Colombia COLOMBIA

Costa Rica COSTARICA

Cuba CUBA

Dominican Republic DOMINICANR

Ecuador ECUADOR

El Salvador ELSALVADOR

Guatemala GUATEMALA

Guyana GUYANA

Haiti HAITI

Honduras HONDURAS

Jamaica JAMAICA

Nicaragua NICARAGUA

Panama PANAMA

Paraguay PARAGUAY

Peru PERU

Suriname SURINAME Data for Suriname are available starting in 2000. Prior to that, they are included in Other Non-OECD Americas.

Trinidad and Tobago TRINIDAD

3. Estonia is included starting in 1990. Prior to 1990, data for Estonia are included in Former Soviet Union.

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Countries and regions

Uruguay URUGUAY

Venezuela VENEZUELA

Other Non-OECD Americas

OTHERLATIN Includes Antigua and Barbuda; Aruba; Bahamas;

Barbados; Belize; Bermuda; British Virgin Islands;

Cayman Islands; Dominica; Falkland Islands (Malvinas);

French Guiana; Grenada; Guadeloupe; Martinique;

Montserrat; Puerto Rico; Saba (from 2012); Saint Eustatius (from 2012); Saint Kitts and Nevis; Saint Lucia; Saint Pierre and Miquelon; Saint Vincent and the Grenadines;

Sint Maarten (from 2012); Suriname (until 1999); and the Turks and Caicos Islands.

Non-OECD Americas LATAMER Includes Argentina; Plurinational State of Bolivia (Bolivia); Brazil; Costa Rica; Cuba; Curaçao⁴; Dominican Republic; Ecuador; El Salvador; Guatemala; Guyana;

Haiti; Honduras; Jamaica; Nicaragua; Panama; Paraguay;

Peru; Suriname (from 2000); Trinidad and Tobago;

Uruguay; Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Venezuela) and Other Non-OECD Americas.

Albania ALBANIA

Armenia ARMENIA Data for Armenia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

Azerbaijan AZERBAIJAN Data for Azerbaijan are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

Belarus BELARUS Data for Belarus are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

BOSNIAHERZ Data for Bosnia and Herzegovina are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Yugoslavia.

Bulgaria BULGARIA

Croatia CROATIA Data for Croatia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Yugoslavia.

4. Netherlands Antilles was dissolved on 10 October 2010, resulting in two new constituent countries, Curaçao and Sint Maarten, with the remaining islands joining the Netherlands as special municipalities. From 2012 onwards, data now account for the energy statistics of Curaçao Island only. Prior

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Countries and regions

Cyprus CYPRUS Note by Turkey:

The information in this document with reference to

“Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognizes the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus” issue.

Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union:

The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this report relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.

Georgia GEORGIA Data for Georgia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

Gibraltar GIBRALTAR

Kazakhstan KAZAKHSTAN Data for Kazakhstan are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

Kosovo KOSOVO Data for Kosovo are available starting in 2000. Between 1990 and 1999, data for Kosovo are included in Serbia.

Prior to 1990, they are included in Former Yugoslavia.

Kyrgyzstan KYRGYZSTAN Data for Kyrgyzstan are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

Malta MALTA

Republic of Moldova MOLDOVA Data for Moldova are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

Montenegro MONTENEGRO Data for Montenegro are available starting in 2005.

Between 1990 and 2004, data for Montenegro are included in Serbia. Prior to 1990, they are included in Former Yugoslavia.

Romania ROMANIA

Republic of North Madeconia

NORTHMACED Data for the Republic of North Macedonia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Yugoslavia.

Russia RUSSIA Data for Russia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

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Countries and regions

Serbia SERBIA Data for Serbia are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Yugoslavia. Serbia includes Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until 1999.

Tajikistan TAJIKISTAN Data for Tajikistan are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

Turkmenistan TURKMENIST Data for Turkmenistan are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

Ukraine UKRAINE Data for Ukraine are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

Uzbekistan UZBEKISTAN Data for Uzbekistan are available starting in 1990. Prior to that, they are included in Former Soviet Union.

Former Soviet Union FSUND Before 1990, includes Armenia; Azerbaijan; Belarus;

Estonia; Georgia; Kazakhstan; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia;

Lithuania; Republic of Moldova; Russian Federation;

Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Ukraine and Uzbekistan.

Former Yugoslavia YUGOND Before 1990, includes Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia;

Republic of North Macedonia; Kosovo; Montenegro;

Slovenia and Serbia.

Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia

NOECDEUR Includes Albania; Armenia; Azerbaijan; Belarus; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Cyprus^5,6; Republic of North Macedonia; Georgia; Gibraltar; Kazakhstan;

Kosovo; Kyrgyzstan; Latvia; Lithuania⁷; Malta; Republic of Moldova (Moldova); Montenegro; Romania; Russian Federation; Serbia⁸; Tajikistan; Turkmenistan; Ukraine;

Uzbekistan; Former Soviet Union (prior to 1990) and Former Yugoslavia (prior to 1990).

Prior to 1990, data for Estonia are included in Former Soviet Union and data for Slovenia in Former Yugoslavia.

Algeria ALGERIA

5. Note by Turkey:

The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Turkey shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”.

6. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union:

The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.

7. Lithuania appears in the list of OECD Members and is included in the OECD aggregates ONLY in the files which have been updated for this edition:

NGBALCON, NGEXPORT and NGIMPORT. Lithuania was not an OECD Member at the time of the preparation of the World data. Accordingly, in the files NGWBAL and NGWIMP, Lithuania is included in the non-OECD data. This file will be updated in August 2019.

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Countries and regions

Angola ANGOLA

Benin BENIN

Botswana BOTSWANA Data for Botswana are available from 1981. Prior to that, they are included in Other Africa.

Cameroon CAMEROON

Congo CONGO

Democratic Republic of the Congo

CONGOREP

Côte d'Ivoire COTEIVOIRE

Egypt EGYPT Data for Egypt are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention, data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 July Y and ends on 30 June Y+1 are labelled as year Y.

Eritrea ERITREA Data for Eritrea are available from 1992. Prior to that, they are included in Ethiopia.

Ethiopia ETHIOPIA Ethiopia includes Eritrea prior to 1992.

Gabon GABON

Ghana GHANA

Kenya KENYA

Libya LIBYA

Mauritius MAURITIUS

Morocco MOROCCO

Mozambique MOZAMBIQUE

Namibia NAMIBIA Data for Namibia are available starting in 1991. Prior to that, data are included in Other Africa.

Niger NIGER Prior to 2000, data for Niger are presented in Other Africa.

Nigeria NIGERIA

Senegal SENEGAL

South Africa SOUTHAFRIC South Africa became an Association country in November 2018. Please note that in the World files NGWBAL and NGWIMP, which were published in August 2018, South Africa is not included in the list of IEA and Accession/Association countries.

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Countries and regions

South Sudan SSUDAN Data for South Sudan are available from 2012. Prior to 2012, they are included in Sudan.

Sudan SUDAN South Sudan became an independent country on 9 July 2011. From 2012, data for South Sudan are reported separately.

United Republic of Tanzania

TANZANIA Oil data are reported on a fiscal year basis, beginning on the 1 July Y and ending on the 30 June Y+1.

Togo TOGO

Tunisia TUNISIA

Zambia ZAMBIA

Zimbabwe ZIMBABWE

Other Africa OTHERAFRIC Includes Botswana (until 1980); Burkina Faso; Burundi;

Cape Verde; Central African Republic; Chad; Comoros;

Djibouti; Equatorial Guinea; Gambia; Guinea;

Guinea-Bissau; Lesotho; Liberia; Madagascar; Malawi;

Mali; Mauritania; Namibia (until 1990); Niger (until 1999) Réunion; Rwanda; Sao Tome and Principe; Seychelles;

Sierra Leone; Somalia; Swaziland; and Uganda.

Africa AFRICA Includes Algeria; Angola; Benin; Botswana (from 1981);

Cameroon; the Republic of the Congo (Congo);

Côte d’Ivoire; the Democratic Republic of the Congo;

Egypt; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Gabon; Ghana; Kenya; Libya;

Mauritius; Morocco; Mozambique; Namibia (from 1991);

Niger (from 2000); Nigeria; Senegal; South Africa;

South Sudan (from 2012), Sudan; the United Republic of Tanzania (Tanzania); Togo; Tunisia; Zambia; Zimbabwe and Other Africa.

Bahrain BAHRAIN

Islamic Republic of Iran

IRAN Data are reported according to the Iranian calendar year.

By convention data for the year that starts on 20 March Y and ends on 19 March Y+1 are labelled as year Y.

Iraq IRAQ

Jordan JORDAN

Kuwait KUWAIT

Lebanon LEBANON

Oman OMAN

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Countries and regions

Qatar QATAR

Saudi Arabia SAUDIARABI

Syrian Arab Republic SYRIA United Arab Emirates UAE

Yemen YEMEN

Middle East MIDEAST Includes Bahrain; Islamic Republic of Iran; Iraq; Jordan;

Kuwait; Lebanon; Oman; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Syrian Arab Republic; United Arab Emirates and Yemen.

Bangladesh BANGLADESH Data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 July Y-1 and ends on 30 June Y are labelled as Year Y.

Brunei Darussalam BRUNEI

Cambodia CAMBODIA Data for Cambodia are available starting in 1995. Prior to that, they are included in Other Asia.

Democratic People's Republic of Korea

KOREADPR

India INDIA Data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 April Y and ends on 31 March Y+1 are labelled as Year Y.

Indonesia INDONESIA

Malaysia MALAYSIA

Mongolia MONGOLIA Data for Mongolia are available starting in 1985. Prior to that, they are included in Other Asia.

Myanmar MYANMAR Data were reported on a fiscal year basis until 2015 data.

By convention data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 April Y and ends on 31 March Y+1 are labelled as Year Y.

Nepal NEPAL Data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 July Y and ends on 30 June Y+1 are labelled as Year Y.

Pakistan PAKISTAN Data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention fiscal year Y/Y+1 is labelled as year Y.

Philippines PHILIPPINE

Singapore SINGAPORE

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Countries and regions

Sri Lanka SRILANKA

Chinese Taipei TAIPEI

Thailand THAILAND

Viet Nam VIETNAM

Other Asia OTHERASIA Includes Afghanistan; Bhutan; Cambodia (until 1994);

Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia; Kiribati; Lao People’s Democratic Republic; Macau, China; the Maldives; Mongolia (until 1984); New Caledonia; Palau (from 1994); Papua New Guinea; Samoa; the Solomon Islands; Timor-Leste; Tonga and Vanuatu.

Asia (excluding China) ASIA Includes Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia (from 1995); Democratic People’s Republic of Korea; India;

Indonesia; Malaysia; Mongolia (from 1985); Myanmar;

Nepal; Pakistan; Philippines; Singapore; Sri Lanka;

Chinese Taipei; Thailand; Viet Nam and Other Asia.

Hong Kong (China) HONGKONG China (People's

Republic of)

CHINA In early 2016, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) of the People’s Republic of China (China) supplied the IEA with detailed energy balances for 2000 to 2010 and the IEA revised its data accordingly. In September 2015, the NBS published China’s energy statistics for 2013, as well as revised statistics for the years 2011 and 2012. These have already been taken into account by the IEA in the “Special data release with revisions for the People's Republic of China” in November 2015.

China (Region) CHINAREG Includes the People's Republic of China and Hong Kong, China.

Non-OECD Total NOECDTOT Includes Africa; Asia (excluding China); China (P.R. of China and Hong Kong, China); Non-OECD Americas;

Middle East and Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia.

World WORLD Includes OECD Total; Africa; Asia (excluding China);

China (P.R. of China and Hong Kong, China); Non-OECD Americas; Middle East; Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia;

World aviation bunkers and World marine bunkers.

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Fiscal year

This table lists the countries for which data are reported on a fiscal year basis. More information on beginning and end of fiscal years by country is reported in the column ‘Definition’.

This document is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. In this publication, ‘country’ refers to country or territory, as case may be. Data start in 1960 for OECD countries and regions, and in 1971 for non- OECD countries and regions, unless otherwise specified.

Australia AUSTRALI Data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention, data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 July Y-1 and ends on 30 June Y are labelled as year Y.

Bangladesh BANGLADESH Data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 July Y-1 and ends on 30 June Y are labelled as year Y.

Egypt EGYPT Data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention, data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 July Y and ends on 30 June Y+1 are labelled as year Y.

Ethiopia ETHIOPIA Data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention, data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 July Y and ends on 30 June Y+1 are labelled as year Y.

India INDIA Data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention, data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 April Y and ends on 31 March Y+1 are labelled as year Y. This convention is different from the one used by Government of India, whereby fiscal year starts on 1 April Y and ends on 31 March Y+1 are labelled as year Y+1.

Islamic Republic of Iran

IRAN Data are reported according to the Iranian calendar year. By convention data for the year that starts on 20 March Y and ends on 19 March Y+1 are labelled as year Y.

Japan JAPAN Starting 1990, data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention, data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 April Y and ends on 31 March Y+1 are labelled as year Y.

Kenya KENYA Electricity data are reported on a fiscal year basis, beginning on the 1 July Y and ending on the 30 June of Y+1.

Myanmar MYANMAR Data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 April Y and ends on 31 March Y+1 are labelled as year Y.

Nepal NEPAL Data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention data for the fiscal year that starts on 1 July Y and ends on 30 June Y+1 are labelled as year Y.

Pakistan PAKISTAN Data are reported on a fiscal year basis. By convention fiscal year Y/Y+1 is labelled as year Y.

South Africa SOUTHAFRIC Nuclear and Hydro electricity generation data are reported on a fiscal year basis, beginning on the 1 July Y and ending on the 30 June Y+1.

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Fiscal year

This table lists the countries for which data are reported on a fiscal year basis. More information on beginning and end of fiscal years by country is reported in the column ‘Definition’.

This document is without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. In this publication, ‘country’ refers to country or territory, as case may be. Data start in 1960 for OECD countries and regions, and in 1971 for non- OECD countries and regions, unless otherwise specified.

United Republic of Tanzania

TANZANIA Oil data are reported on a fiscal year basis, beginning on the 1 July Y and ending on the 30 June Y+1.

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6. COUNTRY NOTES AND SOURCES

OECD Countries

General notes

In this release, the files for OECD countries in the online data service are updated as of July 2020 (NGBALCON, NGEXPORT and NGIMPORT). The World files (NGWBAL and NGWIMP) include data up to 2018 with preliminary supply data for 2019. The notes given in this document refer to the data for the years 1960 to 2018 published in the on-line data service. In general, more detailed notes are available for data starting in 1990.

Data are obtained through annual submission of natural gas questionnaires from National Administrations, as indicated for each country in the sources section.

In some instances, it has been necessary for the IEA to estimate some data. Explanations of the estimates are provided in the country notes.

Australia

Source

Department of Industry, Science, Energy and Re- sources, Canberra.

General notes

 In the 2020 edition, the Australian administration reallocated quantities in the consumption side, based on analysis of new data and to be consistent with Australian Energy Statistics. Additionally, revisions were made to trade flows based on a revised

methodology for calculating the volumes of imports and exports.

 In the 2019 edition, the Australian administration proceeded to major revisions on the supply side from 2013 onwards due to a change in methodology on production quantities and more recent sources on calorific values. Additionally the oil and gas extraction, and liquefaction (LNG) / re- gasification plants on the demand side were re- vised from 2003 onwards, which resulted in in- creased statistical difference.

 In the 2016 edition, the Australian administration revised natural gas demand data for some flows back to 2010, resulting in breaks in time series between 2009 and 2010.

 Prior to 1991 natural gas data included ethane.

 Data after 1973 are based on national surveys.

 All data refer to fiscal years, which run from 1 July to 30 June (e.g. 2016 = 1 July 2015 to 30 June 2016).

 For reasons of data confidentiality, Australia does not provide a breakdown of exports by destination and data prior to 2015 are estimated by the Secre- tariat. Since the 2017 edition, Australian administration started to provide estimates of the LNG exports to their main markets, whereas in the 2018 edition the 2017 preliminary data were provided by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) barring exports to Chinese Taipei.

Supply

 For 2018, there is a continuation of the increase in indigenous production (+15%) and exports (+18%) of gas, which started in 2017 due to the LNG exporting capacity coming online in 2016 and 2017.

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 Around 30% of the production (mainly coal seam gas) is estimated by the Australian administration.

 In the 2015 edition the Australian administration revised production and certain consumption flows back to 2006. The production figures now include previously uncaptured flows.

 Pipeline imports are from the Joint Petroleum De- velopment Area, an area jointly administered by Timor-Leste and Australia pursuant to the Timor Sea Treaty.

Transformation

 From 2011 to 2016, the non-specified transformation of natural gas represents amounts used to produce hydrogen for hydrocracking in refineries.

 Prior to 1973 there are no detailed data available for autoproducers and for sub-sector industry consumption. Autoproducer data are included in main activity producer before 1974.

Consumption

 Consumption in the residential and agriculture and forestry sectors are estimated by the Australian ad- ministration based on models.

 There are breaks between 2002 and 2003 in due to major revisions made in the oil and gas extraction, and liquefaction (LNG) / regasification plants in the context of the 2019 edition.

 Between 2009 and 2010 some breaks in time series may occur due to changes in methodologies and to improved data sources. Revisions to the consumption data include changes to energy use in liquefac- tion plants, and a shift of gas works gas (transfor- mation) to non-specified energy from 2006 on- wards. Revisions to previous years are pending.

 Until 2005 natural gas consumed to fuel the distribu- tion of natural gas in natural gas networks was reported as transformation for gas works gas production.

 Between 2001 and 2002 there are breaks in time series for consumption data due to an industry struc- tural shift and changes in methodology.

 In 1999 and 2000 end-use consumption data are estimated by the Australian administration.

Austria

Source

Bundesanstalt Statistik Österreich, Vienna.

General note

 Prior to 2000 differences due to measurement are included with distribution losses.

Supply

 Export amounts are calculated by the national admin- istration by subtracting stock changes and domestic consumption from import figures. The split by country is confidential so all the exports are reported under not elsewhere specified since 2002. Similarly, all imports are reported under not elsewhere spec- ified since 2014 for confidentiality reasons.

Transformation

 In the 2018 edition, the time series for blast Fur- naces was reclassified from 1990 onwards, and thus moved from the transformation to the energy sector.

 Between 1995 and 1996 there is a break in time se- ries for autoproducer electricity and CHP plants due to the availability of more detailed data.

 In 1980 the consumption of natural gas in gas works within the transformation sector stopped.

Consumption

 In the 2019 edition, Austrian administration revised oil and gas extraction and oil refinery consumption data for 2005 onwards based on data reported to the Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS). Addition- ally, it revised data since 2005 for other sectors’

flows since 2005 and industry since 2012 based on a combination of the results of sample surveys and data from the regulator.

 In 2013 the increase in pipeline transport consump- tion is due to a new methodology of data collec- tion. Historical revisions are pending.

 Any inconsistencies in the time series for commer- cial/public services until 2011 are the result of this sub-sector being computed as a residual. Since 2012 the commercial/public services consumption fig- ures are surveyed annually and the consumption

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quantities in small and medium enterprises in industry are the projected results of biannual sample surveys.

Belgium

Source

Observatoire de l'Energie, Brussels.

Supply

 For 2018 data, trade includes real transit. This results in higher figures for Germany, the Netherlands and the UK.

 Since 2009 gas trade in Belgium includes imported LNG which is regasified and subsequently exported to other countries.

 Imports include spot purchases.

 The LNG consumption data in international marine bunkers are confidential.

Transformation

 The Belgian administration is in the process of re- vising 2011 and 2010 transformation sector data. As such, an unusually high quantity of natu- ral gas is reported under not elsewhere specified (transformation).

 From 2000 natural gas begun to replace blast fur- nace gas in the iron and steel industry.

Consumption

 Consumption in the transport equipment sub-sector decreased in 2015 due to the closure of a big industry of this sector in December 2014.

 In 2003 the large decrease in non-specified industry consumption is due to improvements in data col- lection.

Canada

Source

Natural Resources Canada, Ottawa.

General notes

 In the 2019 edition, the Canadian administration proceeded to data revisions from 2005 onwards based on the revised source statistics from Statis- tics Canada and with the aim of achieving greater consistency with the Energy Efficiency Indicators data submission to IEA.

 Prior to 1990 data for consumption of natural gas for construction are not available.

 Prior to 1978 consumption in the non-specified category of the industry sector includes gas used as fuel in oil refineries.

Supply

 2015 is the first year when stock levels were measured in Canada. Based on this measurement and the stock change of previous years, Canadian au- thorities have estimated the stock level back to 2005.

 Indigenous production is measured by the Canadian administration by upscaling the marketable production by approximately 11% to account for own- use in the extraction process.

 Associated gas has been estimated by the Canadian administration for 2016 and 2017.

 Non-associated gas production data include colliery gas as well as associated gas produced in Alberta.

Transformation

 In 2000 the increase in main activity electricity pro- ducer data is due to new generation plants in Al- berta and Ontario.

 Due to confidentiality reasons, the Canadian admin- istration estimated natural gas consumption in oil refineries for the 2014-2017.

 Gas-to-liquids (Transformation) represents quanti- ties of natural gas consumed in the production of synthetic crude oil.

 Non-specified (Transformation) represents quanti- ties of natural gas used for the upgrading of re- fined oil products.

Consumption

 In 2018 refinery gas started being further purified into products, leading to a higher consumption by oil refineries.

 In the 2019 edition, the oil and gas extraction con- sumption was revised from 2005 onwards in order

Database documentation