O S C I L O G R A F
O S C I L L O S C O P E TESLA BM 510
O B S A H C O N T E N T S :
I. Popis pfistroje a prislusenstvi . . 3 I. Description of Instrument
II. Technické û d a j e ... 7 and Accessories . . . . 3 III. Nâvod k o b slu z e ... 10 II. Specifications . . . . 7 IV. Zpûsoby mëreni ... 16 III. Attendance Instructions . . 10 V. Princip c i n n o s t i ... 21 IV. Methods of Measurement . 16 VI. Ü d r z b a ... 24 V. Principle of Operation . . . 21 VII. Opravy ... 28 VI. Maintenance . . . . 24 VIII. Rozpis elekirickÿcli soucâsti . . 31 VII. R e p a i r s ... 28
Montâzni sestavy VIII. List of Electrical Parts . 31
Schemata Assembly Illustrations
Diagrams
V zhledem k ry ch lém u vÿvoji sv ëtov é elek tro n ik y m ën i se obvody a p ristu pu ji a zlepSuji s e so u ëasti naSich pFistrojû.
N ëkdy, vinou tisku a po2adavkû e xp ed ice, se nâm n ep od afi z a n é st tyto zm ëny do tiS tën ÿch p firu ëek.
Zm ëny se p roto v p flpad ë potfeby uvâdëjl n a zvlâStnlm listë.
Owing to the rap id d evelopm ent of e le c tro n ic s in th e w orld, the circ u its of our in stru m en ts a re a lte re d and com p on ents o f new types o r im proved d esign a re em ployed.
S om etim es, due to p rintin g term s o r the req u irem en t of sp eedy shipping, it is im possible to includ e a d escrip tio n of su ch a lte ra tio n s in the ap p ro p riate p rinted m anual.
TESLA BM 510
Obr. 1
O scilo g raf TESLA BM 510 TESLA BM 510 O scillo sco p e
Instrukcni k n iż k a Instructions M a n u a l
■
■
'
■ :
I. P O P I S P R Í S T R O J E A P R Í S L U S E N S T V Í
Vÿrobce: TESLA BRNO, n. p., B r n o , Purkyñova 99
Název: Oscilograf Typ: BM 510 Vyrobní
císlo: ...
Pouzití: Pro mëfeni opakovanÿch elektric- kÿch prübëhü, pro impulsní techniku
I. D E S C R I P T I O N OF I N S T R U M E N T A N D A C C E S S O R I E S
Manufacturer: TESLA BRNO N. C., Brno, Purkyfiova 99, Czechoslovakia Oscilloscope
BM 510 „ . . ^ Designation:
Type:
Serial No.:
Application: Measurement of periodical electrical effects in pulse techniques
Základni vlastnosti pristroje: Basic Properties
Frekvencni rozsah Frequency
vertikfilniho range
zesilovafie 0 — 1,5 MHz of vertifical
amplifier: 0— 1.5 MHz
Citlivost: 20 mV/dil Sensitivity: 20 mV per scale division
Frekvencni rozsah Frequency
horizontślniho range
zesilovace 0 — 1 MHz of horizontal
amplifier: 0— 1 MHz
Citlivost: 20 mV/dil Sensitivity: 20 mV per scale division
Ćasovś zśkladna: 0,1 sec/dil — 5 ¿¿sec/dii Time base: 0.1 sec per scale div.—5 ^sec per scale div.
Napdjeni: 220 V/120 V, 50 — 60 Hz Power supply: 220 V/120 V, 50— 60 Hz
Pracovni podminky: Operating Conditions
Pracovni teplota Ambient
okoli: + 5 °C a i + 40 °C temperature: + 5°C to + 4 0 °C Relative
Relativni vlhkost: 40 % az 80 % humidity: 40 % to 80 % Atmospheric
Tlak vzduchu: 86 000 N/m2 pressure: 86,000 N/m2 to 106,000 N/m2
a l 106 000 N/m2 Supply
Napajeci napgti: 120/220 V voltage: 120/220 V
Napśjeci kmitocet: 50 — 60 Hz Supply
frequency: 50—60 Hz
Druh napśjeciho Supply
proudu: stridavÿ — sinusovÿ, current: AC, sine—wave, distortion less
zkresleni mensi neź 5 % than 5 %
Power
Prikon: 150 VA demand: 150 VA
JistSni: 220 V — 1.25A/250 V; Protection: 220 V — 1.25 A/250 V;
120 V — 2.5A/250 V 120 V — 2.5 A/250 V
Vngjsi External
elektricke pole: zanedbatelnë malé electric field: negligible
VnSjsi External
magnetickś pole: zanedbatelnë malé magnetic field negligible
Podminky pro dopravu a skladováni: Transport and Storage Conditions
Skladovaci teplota Storage temperature:
V obalu: — 25 °C a i + 55 °C in pack: — 25 °C to + 5 5 °C bez obalu: + 5 °C a i 4- 40 °C unpacked: + 5°C to 40 °C
Skladovaci vlhkost Storage humidity:
V obalu: do 95 % relativni vlhkosti in pack: up to 95 % rel. humidity bez obalu: do 80 % relativni vlhkosti unpacked: up to 80 % rel. humidity
POUŻITi APPLICATION Oscilograf BM 510 je XY oscilograf s vlastní ća-
sovou základnou, s velk^m rozsahem moźnosti pouźiti.
Prístroj dovoluje mérení éasu a kmitoctü va frekvenéním pásmu do 1,5 MHz pfi provozu s casovou základnou jako Y oscilograf; bez casové základny jako XY oscilograf. Hodnoty kalibrovanych rychlostí casové základny jsou voleny tak, aby pfi mérení było maximálné vyuzito vlastností vertikálního zesilovace.
Z tohoto düvodu je prístroj vybaven obrazov- kou o prüméru 10 cm; vertikálním zesilovaéem s sírí pásma 0 —1,5 MHz; horizontálním zesilo- vaéem s Sífí pásma 0 —1 MHz, oba s max. citli- vostí 20 mV/díl; casovou základnou o rych- lostech 0,1 sec/díl aź 5 ¿¿sec/díl ve 14 kalibro
vanych rozsazích s mozností trí druhü syn- chronizace (Int., Ext., 50 Hz) a dvou funkcích (Aut., Synchr.) a amplitudovym kalibrátorem o vystupním napétí 60 a 600 mV. Prístroj je możno napájet ze sité 120/220 V, 50 — 60 Hz.
Prístroj je vestavén do snadno pfenosné, lehké skfíné, vyrobené z hliníkovych slitin. Obvody zesilovaéü a éasové základny jsou provedeny technikou plosnych spojü.
The BM 510 Oscilloscope is an XY oscilloscope with selfcontained time base offering a wide range of applications.
The instrument enables measurements of time and frequencies within the range up to 1.5 MHz, operating as a Y oscilloscope with time base or as an XY oscilloscope without time base.
The calibrated time-base sweep values are se
lected so as to ensure maximum utilization of the properties of the vertical amplifier.
To achieve this, the instrument is provided with a dia. 10 cm cathode-ray tube; vertical amplifier, frequency range 0—1.5 MHz; hori
zontal amplifier, frequency range 0— 1 MHz;
both with max. sensitivity 20 mV/div.;
time base with a sweep speed range from 0.1 sec/div. to 5 ,usec/div. in 14 calibrated steps permitting three kinds of triggering (Int., Ext., 50 Hz] and two operating modes (Aut., Trig.);
and an amplitude calibrator with output vol
tages 60 and 600 mV. The instrument can be connected to a 120/220 V, 50—60 Hz, mains.
The instrument is built-in into a portable light- -weight cabinet made from an aluminium al
loy. The circuits of the amplifiers and the time base are carried out with the technique o f' printed circuits.
SEZNAM PRÍSLUSENSTVÍ
Základní príslusenství dodávané s prístrojem
LIST OF ACCESSORIES AND SPARE PARTS
Pfístrojová snûra 1 ks Instrukíní knízka 1 ks Balici list 1 ks Zárucní list 1 ks
Kabel 4 ks
Svorka 2 ks
Pojistková vloáka 2 ks Pojistková vloźka 2 ks
ÍAK 643 53
1AK 641 94 1AK 484 14 1.25A/250 V
2,5A/250 V
Charakteristické vlastnosti základního príslusenství:
Kabel (obr. 2)
císlo 1A K 64194
Obr. 2
Standard Accessories Supplied with Instrument
Instrument Lead 1 each Instruction Manual l e a c h Packing Sheet 1 each Guarantee Sheet 1 each
Cable 4 each
Terminal 2 each
Fuse Cartridge 2 each Fuse Cartridge 2 each
1AK 643 53
1AK 641 94 1AK 484 14 1.25 A/250 V 2.5 A/250 V
Characteristics of Standard Accessories
Cable (Fig. 2)
Dwg. No. 1AK 641 94
F ig . 2
Koaxiální kabel 0 6 0 délce 1 m, s konektorem BNC a dvéma banánky.
Slouźi k propojeni s jinÿmi zafízeními.
Dia. 6 mm coaxial cable, length 1 m, with BNC connector and two banana pins. Intended for interconnection with other equipment.
Svorka (obr. 3)
Císlo 1AK 484 14 Obr. 3 Fig . 3
Terminal (Fig. 3) Dwg. No. 1AK 484 14
Svorka BNC k zasunuti do z^suvky na pristroji, A BNC terminal to plug into the socket on the opatrena pfechodem na ban6nek o 0 4 mm. instrument, provided with a dia. 4 mm banana
pin adapter.
Zvlastni prislusenstvi Optional Accessories
Toto pfisluSenstvi se s pfistrojem nedodävä, je nutno je objednat u vyrobce zvlääf.
Charakteristicke vlastnosti zvlästniho prislusenstvi:
Sonda BP 4B31 (obr. 4)
Cisło 1AK053 71/Z
Obr. 4
Pasivni dSłiCovś sonda s dślicim pomSrem 1 :10, vstupnim odporem 10 Mi2, vstupni kapa- citou asi 7,5 pF. Slouzi ke zvStseni vstupniho odporu a sniźeni vstupni kapacity.
Kabel (obr. 5) cislo 1AK 641 63
Obr. 5
These accessories are not supplied with the instrument and must be separately ordered with the manufacturer.
Characteristics of Optional Accessories
BP 4631 Probe (Fig. 4)
Dwg. No. 1AK 053 71/Z
F ig . 4
Passive divider probe with a division ratio of 1 : 1 0, input resistance 1 0Mi2, input capacity about 7.5 pF. Serves to increase the input re sistance and to decrease the input capacity.
Cable (Fig. 5) Dwg. No. 1AK 641 63
F ig . 5
Koaxiälni kabel 0 0 6 a delce 1 m se dvgma ko- nektory BNC. Slouźi k propojeni vstupu s ji- nymi zarizenimi.
Dia. 6 mm coaxial cable, length 1 m, with two BNC connectors. Intended for the interconnec
tion of input with other equipment.
Vidlice (obr. 6) cislo 1AF 895 43
Obr. 6
Vidlice BNC k zasunuti do zäsuvky na pristroji o impedanci 50 Q. Slouzi k sestaveni zvlästniho kabelu.
Plug connector (Fig. 6) Dwg. No. 1AF 895 43
F i g . 6
A BNC plug connector to plug into the socket on the instrument, impedance 50 O. Serves to build up a special cable.
Svorka merici (obr. 7) cislo 1AF 850 89
Obr. 7
Svorka umoźńujici mgfeni na menS pristup- nych mistech. Umozńuje trvalś pripojeni k m§- renśmu objektu. Izolaćni napöti 1000 V. Propo
jeni mezi svorkou a mgricim pfistrojem pomoci sfiüry s banśnkem 0 4 mm.
Measuring Terminal (Fig. 7) Dwg. No. 1AF 850 89
Terminal facilitating measurements at uneasily accessible points. Enables permanent connec
tion to the object being measured. Insulating voltage 1000 V. Connection between terminal and measuring instrument by means of a cable with 4 mm banana pin.
SEZNAM NÂHRADNlCH DÎLÛ
Nâzev Vzhled — Funkce — Oznaceni Cislo vÿkresu Poznâmka
Knoflik sedÿ, se znackou, neprüch. 0 25 1AF 244 32 pro hridel 06
Knoflik sedÿ, neprûchozi, 0 12 1AF 244 97 pro hridel 06
Knoflik sedÿ, se znaôkou, prûch. 0 18 1AF 243 20 pro hridel 06
Knoflik cervenÿ, se znackou, 0 1 2 1AF 244 35 pro hridel 03
Knoflik §edÿ, se znackou, 0 16 1AF 244 00 pro hridel 06
Zâtka bilâ, 0 13 1AA 425 38
Zâtka bilâ, 0 10 1AA 425 37
Knoflik êedÿ, bez znacky, 0 16 1AF 243 99 pro hridel 06
Deska rastr s dëlenim 1AA 202 01
Deska svëtelnÿ filtr 1AA 201 87
Vypinac dvojpôlovÿ sifovÿ vypinaë 1AN 569 26
Objimka objimka obrazovky 1AK 497 48
Cepicka vÿvod urychlovaciho napëti
obrazovky 1AF 350 10
Noźka nozka 1AF 261 54
Zârovka iârovky k osvëtleni rastru 1AN 109 46
Zârovka kontrolni Zârovka 1AN 109 17
PPepinac S202 1AK 536 14
Prepinac S302 1AK 536 15
Tlacitko S2 1AN 559 58
Prepinaë S102, S103 1AK 536 32
Prepinac S201,S203, S301, S303 1AK 536 33
RadiC S101 1AN 553 17
Transformator sifovÿ transformétor 1AN 663 62
Matice matice pro prichyceni râmecku
obrazovky 1AA 047 59
LIST OF SPARE PARTS
Designation Aspect-Function-Marking Dwg. No. Remark
Knob grey, with index, full-type
dia. 25 mm 1AF 244 32 for 6 mm shaft
Knob grey, full-type, dia. 12 mm 1AF 244 97 for 6 mm shaft
Knob grey, with index, through-type,
dia. 18 mm 1AF 243 20 for 6 mm shaft
Knob red, with index, dia. 12 mm 1AF 244 35 for 3 mm shaft
Knob grey, with index, dia. 16 mm 1AF 244 00 for 6 mm shaft
Cover cap white, dia. 13 mm 1AA 425 38
Cover cap white, dia. 10 mm 1AA 425 37
Knob grey, without marking, dia. 16 mm 1AF 243 99 for 6 mm shaft
Plate graticule with divisions 1AA 202 01
Plate light filter 1AA 201 87
2-pole switch mains switch IAN 569 26
Holder cathode-ray tube holder 1AK 497 48
Cap CR tube accelerating potential outlet 1AF 350 10
Pin tube holder pin 1AF 261 54
Lamp graticule illumination incandescent
lamp IAN 109 46
Lamp pilot lamp IAN 109 17
Switch S202 1AK 536 14
Switch S302 1AK 536 15
Slide switch S2 IAN 559 58
Switch S102, S103 1AK 536 32
Switch S201, S203, S301, S303 1AK 536 33
Multi-step switch S101 1AK 553 17
Transformer mains transformer IAN 663 62
Nut CR tube frame fastening nut 1AA 047 59
II. T E C H N I C K É Ü D A J E Obrazovka
0 100 mm, rovinné stredni
Stinitko:
Dosvit:
Anodové
napëti: 1500 V Urychlovaci
napëti: 2600 V
Vychylovâni: v obou smôrech elektrostatické, symetrické
Maximâlni vyuzitelnâ piocha
stinitka: 60 x 80 mm
I I . S P E C I F I C A T I O N S Cathode-ray Tube
Screen: dia. 100 mm, plane Persistance: medium
Anode voltage: 1500 V Accelerating
voltage: 2600 V
Deflection: electrostatic in both directions, symmetrical
Maximum utilizable
screen area: 6 0 x 8 0 cm
Vertikalni zesilovac
Vstup symetricky, primo nebo pres konden- zator.
Frekvencni
rozsah: rr~r 0 —1,5 MHz — 3 dB ± 1 dB
~ 2 Hz— 1,5 MHz — 3 dB + 1 dB Vstupni
impedance: l M£ > ; 3 5 p F Citlivost: 20 mVss/dil Regulace
citlivosti: 4 kalibrovane rozsahy:
0,02—0,2—2—20 V/dil
Chyba: ± 3 %
Plynulci regu
lace citlivosti: > 1 : 10 Maximalni
vstupni napSti: 200 V (vrcholova hodnota vgetnS stfidavg superpozice) Linecirni veli-
kost obrazu: 60 mm
Vertical Amplifier
Symmetrical input, direct or via capacitor.
Frequency
range: ____0—1.5 MHz — 3 dB ± 1 dB
~ 2 Hz— 1.5 MHz —3 dB ± 1 dB Input
impedance: 1 M£2; 35 pF Sensitivity: 20 mVp.p/div.
Sensitivity
control: 4 calibrated ranges:
0.02 — 0.2 — 2 — 20 Vp.p/div.
Error: ± 3 % Continuous
sensitivity
control: > 1 : 10 Maximum
input voltage: 200 V (peak value incl. AC superposition)
Linear
image size: 60 mm
Horizontâlni zesilovaE Horizontal Amplifier
Vstup symetricky, primo nebo pres konden- zâtor.
Frekvenôni rozsah:
Vstupni impedance:
Citlivost:
Regulace citlivosti:
Chyba:
r-r-r 0—1 MHz —3 dB ± 1 dB
~ 2 Hz—1 MHz — 3 dB ± 1 dB 1 MÎ2; 35 pF
20 mVss/dil
4 kalibrovane rozsahy:
0,02—0,2—2—20 VsS/dil
± 3 % Plynulâ regu
lace citlivosti: > 1 : 10 Maximâlni
vstupni napëti: 200 V (vrcholovâ hodnota vcetnë stridavé superpozice) Lineârni veli-
kost obrazu: 80mm
Rozdil fâzovÿch charakteristik X a Y zesilovacü na 100 kHz.< 5°.
Symmetrical input, direct or via capacitor.
Frequency
range: irrzO —1 MHz — 3 dB ± 1 dB
~ 2 Hz—1 MHz —3 dB ± 1 dB Input
impedance: 1 Mi2; 35 pF Sensitivity: 20 mVp.p/div.
Sensitivity
control: 4 calibrated ranges:
0.02 — 0.2 — 2 — 20 V/div.
Error: ± 3 % Continuous
sensitivity
control: > 1 : 10 Maximum
input voltage: 200 V (peak value incl, AC superposition) Linear image
size: 80 mm
Phase difference between the characteristics of X and Y amplifiers at 100 kHz:
< 5°
Rychlost Casove
zäkladny: 0,1 sec/dil — 5 ,usec/dil
ve 14 kalibrovan^ch rozsazich ( 1 : 2 : 5 )
Pfesnost
rychlosti: ± 1 0 % Linearita öaso-
ve zäkladny: 5 % Vliv zmgny
sifoveho napöti na rychlost Ca-
sove zäkladny: dt 10 % Casovä lupa: min. 3 x Citlivost syn-
chronizace: int. 60 Hz — 400 kHz — 1 dil 40 Hz — 1,5 MHz — 2,5 dilu ext. 60 Hz—400 kHz—100 mVeff
40 Hz—1,5 MHz— 250 mVeff vstupni impedance
> 10 k ß ; 300 pF si£:odvozeno od sitovöho
kmitoßtu.
V poloze pfepinace synchronizace „Synchr.“
odbihä zäkladna i bez pfivedenöho signälu.
V poloze „AUT.“ je zäkladna spoustöna pfivä- dönym signälem.
Casovä zäkladna
Time-base
sweep rate: 0.1 sec/div. — 5 /^sec/div. in 14 calibrated ranges ( 1 : 2 : 5 ) Sweep-rate
accuracy: ± 10 % Time-base
linearity: 5 %
Influence of mains voltage variations on time base sweep rate:
±
10%
Time
expansion: min. 3 X Triggering
sensitivity: int. 60 Hz— 400 kHz — 1 div.
40 Hz—1.5 MHz — 2.5 div.
ext. 60 Hz— 400 kHz — 100 mV R. M. S.
40 Hz— 1.5 MHz — 250 mV R. M. S.
input impedance > 10 k£2;
300 pF
mains: derived from mains frequency
In the time-base mode switch position marked
“Trig.“ the time base sweeps also with no sig
nal applied, while in the “AUT.“ position the time base is triggered by the input signal.
Time Base
Amplitudovy kalibrätor Zdroj obdelni-
koväho napöti: 50 Hz V^stupni napäti
— volitelnö: 60mV§§; 600 mVss Pfesnost
vystupniho
napgti: dz3 0/0
Kalibrace vystupniho napgti plati pfi zat£2o- vaci impedanci 1 Mß.
Vystupy
Na zdifku pfi poloze pfepinafie vstupu na CZ je vyveden pilovit^ prübäh ze zäkladny pfiblifc- ng 4 V§ä/10 kQ.
Pracovni teplota:
Rozsah pra
covni teploty: + 5 °C az + 4 0 °C
Amplitude Calibrator Rectangular
pulse supply: 50 Hz Output voltage: 60 mVp.p or
600 mVD D Output voltage
accuracy: ± 3 %
The output voltage calibration applies to a load impedance of 1 MQ.
Outputs
With the input switch in the position “Time Base“, the sawtooth voltage of the time base of about 4 Vp.p appears in the connector socket.
The output resistance is 10 k£2.
Operating Temperature Operating
temperature
range: + 5 °C to -f-40 °C
Osazeni
Obrazovka: B10S6 Vertikälni
zesilovaö: ECC85, 2 x EL83, 4xK S Y 62B , 2 x GA204
Horizontalni
zesilovaö: ECC85, 2 x EL83, 2 x KSY62B, 2 x GA204, 2 x KSY62A
Complement C. R. tube:
Vertical amplifier:
Horizontal amplifier:
B10S6
ECC85, 2X E L 83, 2XKSY62B, 2XGA204
ECC85, 2X E L 83, 2XKSY62B, 2XGA204, 2XKSY62A
Zdroje:
Casovâ zâkladna:
Napâjeni Pfikon Jistëni Vâha
3 x KF506, KF508, KA501, KA236, KA504, KZ721
2 x KY702F, 8 x KY705F, 6NZ70, KZZ74, 8 x T53 11/60
(1AN 744 22)
ze stridavé sitë 220 V nebo 120 V, 50 — 60 Hz s if 150 VA
120 V 2,5 A/250 V 220 V 1,25 A/250 V 11 kg
Time base:
Sources:
3XKF506, KF508, KA501, KA236, KA504, KZ721
2XKY702F, 8XKY705F, 6NZ70, KZZ74, 8 X T 5 3 11/60
(1AN 744 22)
Power supply: 220 V or 120 V AC, 50—60 Hz Power
demand: 150 VA (mains) Protection: 220 V 1.25 A/250 V Weight:
120 V 11 kg
2.5 A/250 V
F ig . 8 Obr. 8
32
Rozmëry skrinë Case Dimensions
Bezpeënostni trida
Tento elektronickÿ pristroj je proveden v bez- pecnostni tridë I podle CSN 35 6501.
Safety Class
The instrument is intrinsically safe and res
ponds to safety class I. according to IEC. (Me
tal parts accessible to the touch are connected to the protective conductor and the insulation of mains voltage carrying parts responds to IEC recommendations.)
VZHLED PÎtïSTROJE A ROZMÎSTËNÎ PRVKÜ ASPECT OF INSTRUMENT AND DISLOCATION OF ELEMENTS
Pohled na predni panel View oî Face Panel
Obr. 9 F ig. 9
Pohled na zadni panel pfistroje View ol Rear Panel
Seznam ovlâdaclch a nastavovacich prvkü a oznageni funkce
R24 „Jas“
R33 „Ostfeni“
R119 „Citlivost“ — plynulś zmgna citlivosti
R240 „Vyrovnśni nuly Y“
R248 „Kai. Y“ — plynuld zmgna citlivosti Y
R254, R255 „Posuv Y“
R340 „Vyrovnani nuly X“
R348 „Kai. X “, „Kai. CZ“ — plynulś zmgna citlivosti X
R354, R355 „Posuv X “
R263 „Kalibrace citlivosti Y“
R363 „Kalibrace citlivosti X “
S I Sifovy vypinac
S2 „Rastr“ — pfepinag osv6tleni rastru
S101 „gas/dil“ — pfepinag rychlosti gasove zdkladny
S102 „Vyp; Aut; Synchr.“ — pfepinag funkci gasovś zśkladny S103 „Int; Ext; 50 Hz“ — pfepinag
druhu synchronizace S201 „ ---; 0 “ — prepinag
vstupu Y l
S202 „V/dil“ — prepinac vstupniho dSlige zesilovage Y
S203 ---; 0 “ — pfepinag vstupu Y2
S301 _ . _; 0 “ — pfepinag vstupu XI
S302 „V/dil“ — pfepinag vstupniho dglige zesilovage X
S303 ____; 0 “ — pfepinag vstupu X2
F I „600 mV“— vystup kalibragniho napgti
F2 „60 mV“ — vystup kalibragniho napgti
F101 „Ext“ — vstup externi syn
chronizace
F201 „ Y l“ — vstup zesilovage Y F202 „Y2“ — vstup zesilovage Y
F203 „±- — zemnici zdifka
F301 „X I“ — vstup zesilovage X F302 „X2“ — vstup zesilovage X
F303 „ i ” — zemnici zdifka
F304 „ _ /l“ — vystupni zdifka PI Pojistka sit!ovśho napgti W1 Volig sifovśho napgti
N1 Sitovd pfivodka
List of Control and Calibrating Elements and Functional Description
R24 “BRIGHTNESS“
R33 “FOCUS“
R119 “TRIG. SENSITIVITY“ — continuous adjustment of triggering sensi
tivity
R240 “DC BALANCE“ — zero adjustment Y
R248 “Y CAL.“ — continuous adjustment of Y sensitivity
R254,R255“Y SHIFT“
R340 “DC BALANCE“ — zero adjustment X
R348 “X CAL.“, “T. B. CAL.“ — continuous adjustment of X sensitivity R354, R355“X SHIFT“
R263 “GAIN ADJ.“ — sensitivity calibra
tion Y
R363 “GAIN ADJ.“ — sensitivity calibra
tion X
51 “MAINS“ — mains switch
52 “GRAT.“ — graticule illumination switch
5101 “TIME/DIV.“ — time-base sweep-ra- te switch
5102 “OFF“, “AUT“, “TRIG.“ — time-base mode switch
5103 “INT.“, “EXT.“, “50 Hz“ — trigger
ing mode switch
5201 “0“ — Y1 input switch
5202 “V/DIV.“ — input divider switch of Y amplifier
5203 “r r - z “, “0“ — Y2 input switch 5301 “r r — “0“ — X I input switch 5302 “V/DIV.“ — input divider switch of
X amplifier
5303 “0 “ — X2 input switch
F I “600 mV“ — calibrating voltage output
F2 “60 mV“ — calibrating voltage output
F101 “EXT.“ — external triggering input
F201 “Y l “ — Y amplifier input F202 “Y2“ — Y amplifier input F203 "±" — earthing socket F301 “X I “ — X amplifier input F302 “X2“ — X amplifier input F303 "±” — earthing socket F304 u_yL" _ output socket
P I mains voltage fuse
WL mains voltage selector
N1 mains receptacle
Pohled na levou stranu pristroje View of Left-Hand Side of Instrument
Pohled na pravou stranu pristroje View of Right-Hand Side of Instrument
Obr. 12
Ovladaci prvky vertikalniho zesilovafie Vyrovndni nuly
potenciometry na dostaveni rovnovśhy zesilovaće, k odstranSni posuvu stopy pfi otśceni potenciometrem plynulć zmgny citlivosti.
Posuv Y
umoźńuje vertikślni posouvśni stopy po plośe stinitka.
F ig. 12
Vertical Amplifier Control Elements
DC BALANCE — balance restoring potentiome
ters to remove the trace shift occurring when turning the continuous sensitivity adjustment potentiometer.
Y SHIFT — potentiometer enabling vertical shift of the trace on the screen.
Pfepinac vstupniho dëlice V/dil
frekvencnë kompenzovanÿ dëlic, umis- tënÿ na vstupech zesilovacü, kterÿ ve ctyfech polohâch umożfiuje kalibro- vanou zmënu citlivosti.
Pfepinac vstupu Y1
slouzi k volbë vazby stejnosmërné pri
mo nebo stfidavé pres oddëlovaci kon- denzator nebo k uzemnëni vstupu Yl.
Pfepinac vstupu Y2 shodnë s Yl.
Vstup zesilovace Y l Vstup zesilovace Y2
je urcen pro pfipojeni mëfeného nebo kalibracniho napëti.
Plynulâ zmëna citlivosti
spfaźena se vstupnimi dëlici. Je-li vy- 2adovâna kalibrace citlivosti zesilova- Cû, je nutno mit potenciometr vzdy v poloze na pravém dorazu, ryskou knofliku na znacce kalibrovâno.
Kalibrace citlivosti
pfipadné nesrovnalosti v citlivosti, pîi potenciometru plynulé zmëny v poloze
„Kai. Y“, lze dostavit timto prvkem na boku pfistroje.
Ovlâdaci prvky horizontâlniho zesilovace Funkce prvkû je stejnâ jako u vertikâlniho ze- silovaëe, pouze funkce pfepinace vstupniho dë
lice v pośledni poloze ,,Cz“ pfipoji interné na zesilovaë pilovitÿ prübëh z casové zâkladny.
Casovâ zâkladna je kalibrovâna v levé krajni poloze plynulé zmëny citlivosti X. V pravé krajni poloze je zapojena casovâ lupa (3x).
Ovlâdaci prvky casové zâkladny Rychlost casové zâkladny „ëas/dil“
kalibrovanâ zmëna rychlosti casové zâkladny v pomëru 1 : 2 : 5 , v roz- sahu 0,1 sec/dii aź 5 ¿¿sec/dil.
Pfepinaë funkci Cz
synchronizovanâ, spoustënâ nebo vy- pnutâ.
Pfepinac druhû synchronizace
z vertikâlniho zesilovaëe, ze zdifky na pfednim panelu a ze sitë.
Ovlâdaci prvky k obrazovce
Jas regulace jasu stopy na stinitku obra- zovky.
Ostfeni regulace ostrosti stopy na stinitku.
Rastr osvëtleni rastru pfed obrazovkou.
V/DIV. — input divider switch — a frequency- -compensated divider connected in the amplifier inputs enabling calibrated sen
sitivity selection.
Y l — input selector switch providing either DC direct coupling or AC coupling via blocking capacitor or connection of Y l input to earth.
Y2 — input selector switch identical with Y l.
Yl, Y2 — input sockets intended for the con
nection of the voltage being measured or of the calibrating voltage.
Y CAL. — continuous sensitivity adjustment coupled with input dividers. If the sensi
tivity of the amplifier is to be calibrated, the potentiometer must be always turned to the extreme right to make the knob index point to the “Y CAL.“ sector.
GAIN ADJ. — any sensitivity irregularities o c
curring with the continuous sensitivity adjustment potentiometer in the “Y CAL.“
position can be removed by means of this element on the side of the instrument.
Horizontal Amplifier Control Elements
The function of the elements is the same as in the case of the vertical amplifier, the only dif
ference being in that the input divider switch in its extreme position “T. B.“ provides for the internal connection of the time-base sawtooth voltage to the amplifier. The time base is cali
brated in the extreme left position of the con
tinuous X-sensitivity adjustment potentiometer.
The time expansion ( 3 X ) is in action in the extreme right position of this potentiometer.
Time Base Control Elements
TIME/DIV. — time-base sweep rate — calibra
ted stepwise change of the sweep rate at a ratio of 1 : 2 : 5 within the range off from 0.1 sec/div. to 5,usec/div.
TIME BASE (S102) — time-base mode switch — automatic, triggered or off.
TIME BASE (S103] — triggering mode switch
— time base triggered by vertical ampli
fier, from the socket on face panel or by the mains.
CR Tube Control Elements
BRIGHTNESS — brightness control of the tra ce on the screen.
FOCUS — focussing of the trace on the screen.
GRAT. — illumination of the graticule plate over the screen.
POKYNY PRO UVEDENÎ PRISTROJE DO CHODU INSTRUCTIONS FOR SETTING IN OPERATION Umisteni pfistroje
Pfistroj umistëte tak, aby byl dostatecnÿ pfi- stup vzduchu do pfistroje a nedochâzelo ke zbytecnému pfehfâti a tim ke zhorseni vlast- nosti pfistroje.
Pripojeni na sit'
Pfed pfipojenim na sit se pfesvëdcte, zda je pfistroj pfepojen na sprâvné sifové napëti na volici. Pfipadné chybnë nastavené napëti pfe- pojte volicem do sprâvné polohy. Pfepojeni se provédi prepinacim kotoućkem, kterÿ vytâhnë- te a zasuńte tak, aby cislg, udâvajici napëti, bylo proti trojühelnikové znacce na zadnim stitku. Pfistroj je od vÿrobce nastaven na na- pëti 220 V. Pfi pfepojeni na 120 V je tfeba vy- mënit téz sifovou pojistku. Hodnoty pojistek pro obë napâjeci napëti jsou uvedeny v rubrice
„TECHNICKÉ ÛDAJE“.
Kontrola chodu pfistroje
Zasuhte sitovou sńuru do pfivodky a do sifove zastrćky. Vypinafi musi byt v poloze „0“; vse- chny knofliky, zvlastg „Jas“ (R24) v poloze max. vytocene doleva. RovnSz vypinac „Rastr“
musi byt v poloze „0“. Vsechny vstupy zesilo- vacu pfepngte do polohy „0“. Prepinac v hori- zontólnim zesilovaci pfepngte do polohy ,,CZ“ ; prepinac volby synchronizace do polohy „Int“ ; druh cinnosti casove zśkladny do polohy
„SYNCHR.“ a potenciometr jemnś regulace ze- sileni horizontalniho zesilovace do polohy
„Kai. CZ“.
Pfepnëte vypinac do polohy „1“. Tim se roz- sviti signalizacni zârovka, kterâ signalizuje, ze pfistroj je v provozu.
Zapnëte vypinaëem „Rastr“ osvëtleni rastru.
Pfibliznë po jedné minutë se objevi stopa, jejiż polohu „Jas“ a „Ostrost“ sefid'te potenciometry
„PosuvY“ (R254, R255); „Jas“ (R24); „Ostfeni“
(R33) a „Posuv X“ (R354, R355).
Spojovacim kâblikem propojte vÿstup kalibrâ- toru „60 mV“ se vstupem vertikâlniho zesilo- vaëe, oznacenému „Y1“ a tento pfepnëte do polohy „ i r r “. Nastavenim potenciometru jemné regulace zesileni vertikâlniho zesilovace do polohy „Kal. Y“ dostanete na stinitku obdél- nikové prübëhy (velikost 3 dilky). Pfipadnou nesrovnalost v amplitudë lze dostavit prvkem
„Kalibrace citlivosti“, pfistupnÿm na levém boku pfistroje. Pfepinânim rychlosti casové zâ- kladny se pak mohou volit rüznâ mëfitka roz- vinuti horizontâlniho dëje. Nastaveni potencio
metru jemné regulace zesileni horizontâlniho zesilovace do polohy „Kal. X “ pouzivâme pfi
Location of Instrument
When locating the instrument, provide for a sufficient access of air to its interior to pre
vent undersirable overheating, which would cause worsening of the instrument properties.
Connection to Mains
Before connecting the instrument to mains, see that the mains voltage selector is preset to the correct value. In the case of incorrect presetting change the selector to the desired position. To do this, withdraw the selector disk and reinsert it so that the number indi
cating the mains voltage lies opposite the tri- angle-shaped index on the back plate. The manufacturer presets the mains voltage to 220 V. When changing to 120 V it is also ne
cessary to replace the mains fuse. The fuse values for the two mains voltages are indica
ted in the “SPECIFICATIONS“.
Operation Check
Insert the mains lead into the instrument r e ceptacle and then into the mains socket. The mains switch must be in its “0 “ position and all the knobs, particularly the “BRIGHTNESS“
knob (R24), are to be turned to their extreme left. The “GRAT.“ switch must likewise be in its “0 “ position. Now return all the amplifier input switches to their “0 “ positions. To pro
ceed, change the input divider switch of the horizontal amplifier to the position “T. B.“, the triggering mode switch to the position
“INT.“, the time-base mode switch to the po
sition “TRIG.“ and the fine gain-adjustment potentiometer of the horizontal amplifier to the position “T. B. CAL.“.
Now trip the mains switch to the position “1“.
This causes the pilot lamp to light up to indi
cate that the instrument is in operation.
Close the “GRAT.“ switch to illuminate the graticule. The electron trace appears on the screen in about one minute. Adjust its posi
tion, brightness and sharpness with the aid of the potentiometers “Y SHIFT“ (R254, R255J,
“BRIGHTNESS“ (R24), “FOCUS“ (R33] and
“X SHIFT“ (R354, R355).
Use a cable to interconnect the “60 mV“ cali
brator output with the vertical amplifier input, marked “Y l “, and switch it to the position
„ r m “. Set the fine gain-adjustment potentio
meter of the vertical amplifier to the position
“Y CAL.“ to obtain rectangular pulses on the screen (magnitude 3 divisions]. Amplitude deviations, if any, can be removed with the element marked “GAIN ADJ.“ accessible from the left side wall of the instrument. Diverse scales of development of the horizontal pro
cess can then be selected by changing the sweep rate of the time base. The fine gain- adjustment potentiometer of the horizontal
tomto druhu provozu ćas. łupu, umoźiiujici roz- vinuti prubghu s 3x vyssi rychlosti. Obraz do synchronniho stavu nastavime potenciometrera
„Citlivost“ (R119).
IV. z p Os o b y m Er e n !
PRlKLADY OBSLUHY V PROVOZU S CASOVOU ZAKLADNOU
Mereni stfidave slożky napeti
Mgfime-li stfidavou slozku napgti, nastavime funkćni pfepinag S201 do polohy S203 do polohy „0“. V teto poloze je stridavd sloźka pozorovaneho prubghu zobrazena na stinitku.
Je-li frekvence mgfenś stfidavg slożky pozoro
vaneho prubghu pfilis nizkś, provddime mgreni v poloze pfepinace „ “z duvodu omezeni chyb. PfisluSnou velikost stfidave slożky na
pgti Ss dostaneme takto:
Na rastru pomoci dilkoveho dgleni odecteme velikost od kladneho po zśporny vrchol pru
bghu v dilclch. Takto ziskan^ rozmgr nśsobime udajem, ktery je dśn polohou knofliku „V/dil“
zesilovace, pfićemż potenciometr jemne regu- lace zeslleni musi byt v poloze „Kai. Y“.
Ndsobime jestg dglicim ćinitelem sondy, po- uźitś pro ziskśni mgfenśho napgti. Vyslednd velikost napgti tedy je : dglici pomgr sondy x V/dil x vyśka obrdzku = napgti Ss. Pro n&- zornost pfedpokl&dejme pouźiti sondy BP 4631 s dglicim pomgrem 1 :10, knoflik „V/dil“ v po
loze 2 V, v^ska ohrśzku na stinitku dle rastru je 4 dilky.
10 . 2 . 4 = 80 Vss
Mgrime-li sinusove prubghy, ziskane napgti pi’evedeme z napgti Spieka—Spieka na efek- tivni nebo stredni hodnotu obvykl?m zpuso- bem.
Mereni okamźite hodnoty napeti
Mgfici metoda k mgreni okamźite hodnoty na
pgti je v podstatg shodna s metodou popsanou v mgreni stfidave slożky napgti. Pfepinac vstupu zesilovaie S201 pfepneme do polohy
„ “. Mgfime-li okamżitou hodnotu napgti ve vztahu k ngjakemu potenciślu (obvykle k zemnimu), musime si pfedem nastavit pfi- sluSnou uroveii referencniho napgti, odpovi- dajici velikosti na stinitku. Je-li napf. provś- dgno mgfeni na + 100 V potenciślu, referen in i uroveft zemg. Jinś uroveil muże byt pouźita zeni teto urovng popiSeme pro nejbgźngjśi uroveft zemg. Jin& uroveii mfiże byt pouźita obdobng.
amplifier can be turned to the position “X CAL.“
to start the time magnifier, which triples the sweep rate. The image can be synchronized by means of the “TRIG. SENSITIVITY“ poten
tiometer (R119).
IV . M E T H O D S OF M E A S U R E M E N T EXAMPLES OF TIME-BASE OPERATION
Measurement of the Alternating Component of a Voltage
If the alternating component of a voltage is to be measured, set the input switch S201 to the position and the input switch S203 to the position “0 “. The alternating component of the course being observed is now displayed on the screen. If the frequency of the alternating component being measured is too low, perform the measurement with the switch in the po
sition “ r t o reduce the errors. The corres
ponding peak-to-peak voltage of the alternat
ing component is evaluated as follows:
Read off the distance between the positive and the negative peak in terms of the graticule divisions. Multiply the magnitude so obtained by the value indicated by the position of the
“V/DIV“ knob of the amplifier, the fine gain- adjustment potentiometer being in the position
“Y CAL.“.
Now multiply the product obtained by the fa c tor of the probe used to detect the voltage being measured. The resulting voltage is thus:
probe fa ctorxV / D IV xim ag e height = p-p vol
tage.
To illustrate the calculation, let us assume the use of the BP 4631 probe with a division ratio of 1 : 10, the “V/DIV“ knob to be in the posi
tion 2 V, and the screen image height in terms of the graticule divisions to be 4 divisions:
1 0 X 2 X 4 = 80 Vp.p
if sine-wave effects are being measured, the usual methods are used to convert the peak- -to-peak value to the R. M. S. or mean value.
Instantaneous Voltage Measurement
In its principle, the instantaneous voltage me
asuring method is identical with that descri
bed above. Change the amplifier input switch S201 to the position “^zrz“. If the instantan
eous voltage value is to be measured with r e ference to a given potential (usually the earth potential), it is essential first to preset the appropriate reference voltage level correspond
ing to the size of the image. If, for inst., the measurement proceeds at + 100 V potential, the reference level will also correspond to
- j - 100 V. The provision of this reference level
will be described for the most frequently used earth potential. Any other level can be attai
ned by analogy.
Ziskâni referenćni ûrovnë
Referenćni ûroven ziskâme nâsledujiclm po- stupem:
Pripojime hrot sondy na zemni s vor ku na pri- stroji [nebo na pfislusnÿ zdroj napëti, je-li üroven jinâ nez zem) a nastavime oscilograf na volnë bëzici zâkladnu. Je-li jako referenćni üroven zvolen zemni potenciâl, lze też pouźity vstup pfepnout pfepinacem S201 do polohy „0“.
Vertikélnë nastavte stopu na stinitko tak, aby lezela na nëkteréni z hlavnich dilkû rastru (tento bod nastaveni bude zâviset na polarité a amplitude vstupniho signélu, event, na po- uzitém vstupu zesilovace). Tento dilek rastru je pak referenćni ûrovni pro vsechna dalsi mëreni. Po nastaveni referenëni ûrovnë uż ne- nastavujeme vertikâlni posuv, nebot: by do më- feni była zanesena chyba.
Hrot sondy pripojime na zdroj mëficiho napëti.
Ovlâdaci prvek „Citlivost“ (R119) nastavime tak, aby obraz byl stabilni.
Na rastru odmërime vzdâlenost pozorovaného bodu na prûbëhu od bodu, kterÿm probihâ re
ferenćni ûroven v dilci. Tento rozmër nâso- bime iidajem, kterÿ je dân polohou knofliku
„V/dil“.
Nśsobime jeStS dćlicim pomorem poużitś sondy.
Pro nazornost predpokladejme pouźiti sondy BP 4631 s dglicim pomgrem 1 :10. Knoflik V/dil v poloze 0,2; referenćni uroveii je nastavena na druhou rysku od spodku rastru a od tohoto bodu je vzdalenost 3 dilky k bodu prubćhu, ve kterem chceme mgfit okamżitg napgti. Potom bude: 10 x 0,2 x 3 = 6 V. Je-li mereny napefovy bod nad rovinou referenćni urovne pri pouziti vstupu „ Y l“, je polarita napćti kladna; je-li pod urovni, je zśpornś. Pri pouźiti vstupu „Y2“
je polarita napśti opaćna.
Mereni Casu
Casova zśkladna poużitd v pfistroji umozńuje zjistit casovy interval mezi dvema prubghy nebo dvgma body jednoho prubShu aż do dślky rastru. Takove mćreni se provddi nasledujicim zpusobem:
Na rastru odecteme horizontalni vzdalenost mezi dvgma body, jejichż casovy interval ode
cteme v dilcich.
Tuto vzddlenost nasobime koeficientem, ode- Ctenym v poloze knofliku „ćas/dil“ pouźite ca- sove zakladny. Potenciometr jemne regulace zesileni horizontślniho zesilovaCe nastavime do polohy „Kai. ĆZ“.
Pro nśzornost predpokladejme, źe prepinac
„cas/dil“ je v poloze 1 msec; horizontalni vzd&- lenost, odectena na rastru, je 5 dilku. Casovy interval potom bude:
5 x 1 msec = 5 msec.
Provision of Reference Level
The reference level is provided as follows:
Insert the probe point into the earth terminal of the instrument [or connect it to the desired voltage supply, if the level is other than earth) and set the oscilloscope to allow the time base sweep freely. If the earth potential is chosen as reference level, the input used can also be switched to “0 “ by means of the switch S201.
Adjust the vertical setting to make the elec
tron trace coincide with one of the main g ra
ticule divisions (the preset point will depend on thet polarity and amplitude of the input signal and on the amplifier input chosen).
This graticule division now serves as reference level in all subsequent measurements. After having preset the reference level, avoid any adjustment of the vertical shift, since this would infer error into the measurement.
Apply the point of the probe to the source of the voltage being measured. Set the “TRIG.
SENSITIVITY“ potentiometer (R119) so as to obtain a stable image.
Now measure the distance of the point being observed on the curve from the reference le
vel point in terms of graticule divisions. Mul
tiply this distance by the value indicated by the position of the “V/DIV.“ knob. Moreover, multiply the product so obtained by the divi
sion ratio of the probe used.
To illustrate the calculation, let us assume the use of the BP 4631 probe with a division ratio of 1 : 10, the “V/DIV.“ knob being in the posi
tion 0.2. Let the reference level be adjusted to the second graticule division from below, the distance from this point to the point on the curve at which we wish to measure the instantaneous voltage being 3 divisions. It fol
lows that: 1 0 x 0 . 2 x 3 = 6 V. If the “Y l “ input is used and the measured voltage point is over the reference level, the polarity of the voltage is positive, and it is negative, if the said point is below the reference level. When using the
“Y2“ input, the polarities are reverse.
Time Measurements
The time base used in the instrument enables to evaluate the time interval between two cur
ves or between two points of the same curve, the limit being imposed by the length of the graticule. The measurement of this kind pro
ceeds as follows:
Read off the horizontal distance between two points on the graticule in terms of divisions.
Multiply this distance by the factor indicated by the position of the “TIME/DIV.“ knob of the time base. Set the fine gain-adjustment potentiometer of the horizontal amplifier to the position “T. B. CAL.“.
To illustrate the evaluation, let us assume the
“TIME/DIV.“ switch to be in the position 1 msec, the horizontal distance read off the graticule being 5 divisions. The time interval will then be: 5 x 1 msec = 5 msec.
Pfi poloze „Kai. X “ potenciometru jemne regu- lace zesileni X je pouźita casovś lupa pfiblizng 3x. V tomto pfipadS pfi stejnS odecten^ch uda- jich jako ve v^se uvedenem pfipadS je casovy interval
1 x 5 ,
---- --- --- 1,66 msec
With the fine gain-adjustment potentiometer of the X amplifier in the position “X CAL.“, the time expansion of about 3 x is in opera
tion. Assuming the same readings as before, the time interval will in this case be
— — 1-66 msec
Mefeni frekvence
MSfeni frekvence provddime stejn^m zpuso- bem jako mSfeni casu. Frekvenci pozorova- neho prubehu dostaneme matematick^m uko- nem, protoźe frekvence je pfevratnou hodnotou ćasu periody. Pro ndzornost pfedpoklddejme gas jednś periody 2 (xsec. Frekvence pozorova- neho próbghu je pak:
... . ■ = 0,5 x 106 Hz = 0,5 MHz
Frequency Measurements
The frequency measurement proceeds in the same way as the time measurement. The fre
quency of the process being observed is ob
tained by computation, since it is the inverse value of the cycle period. To illustrate, let us assume the cycle period to be 2 ¿¿sec. The fr e quency of the process being observed is then:
. J . . , = 0.5 X 1 0 6 Hz = 0.5 MHz 2 X 1 0
Mefeni syinetrickych signalu Measurement of Symmetric Signals Obdobna mgfeni jak była uvedena v pfedchozi
kapitole lze provśd§t i se symetrickym signći- lem. Pfitom symetricky signśl pfivśdlme do obou vstupu vertikalniho zesilova£e.
PRlKLADY OBSLUHY V PROVOZU XY Mefeni kmitoctu metodou Lissajousovych obrazcu
Pfepinag S302 pfepneme do provozu s horizon- tólnim zesilovacem a na vstup pfivedeme stfi- dave napgti o znamem kmitoctu, napr. z RC generdtoru Tesla BM 344. Na vstup vertikalniho zesilovafie pfivśdime neznśmy kmitoget.
Jestliźe souhlasi kmitoćet generdtoru pfesng s kmitoctem mgfenym, objevi se na stinitku stojici obrazec. Mó-li mgfene napgti sinusovy prubgh, je obraz kruźnice, elipsa nebo pfimka.
Pfi prubghu jinem (obdelnikovy, pilovy aj.) je obraz na stinitku zkreslen.
Je-li jeden ze srovnśvacich kmitoćtu celistvym nśsobkem druhśho, dostaneme jednoduche obrazce, jejichż tvar se mgni vlivem fazoveho posuvu. Na obrśzku jsou Lissajousovy obrazce pro pomgr kmitoćtu 2 :1, 1 : 2, 4 :1.
Obr. 13
By analogy with the previous paragraph, a symmetric signal can also be measured, being applied to both inputs of the vertical amplifier.
EXAMPLES OF XY OPERATION
Frequency Measurements by the Method of Lissajous Figures
Set the switch S302 for operation with hori
zontal amplifier and apply an AC voltage of a known frequency, e. g., from the Tesla BM 344 RC generator, to its input. The unknown fr e quency is supplied to the input of the vertical amplifier.
If the generator frequency agrees exactly with the frequency being measured, a stationary image appears on the screen. If the voltage being measured is sinusoidal, the image is in the form of a circle, an ellipse or a straight line. For other wave forms [rectangular, saw
tooth, etc.) the image on the screen is dis
torted.
If one of the frequencies being compared is an integer multiple of the other, simple figures are obtained, the shape of which varies with the phase shift. Lissajous figures for the fr e quency ratios of 2 : 1, 1 : 2, 4 : 1 are shown in Fig. 13.
F ig . 13
fy : fx = 2 : 1 fy : fx = 1 : 2 fy : fx = 4 :1 Neni-li jeden z kmitoStu celistv^m nasobkem
druhśho, ale je-li pomgr vyjddfen pomgrem
If one of the frequencies is not an integer multiple of the other, but if their ratio can be
celÿch ćisel, dostaneme slozitgjsi tvar. Pomër je dân pomërem poćtu vrcholû ve vertikélni rovinë a v rovinë horizontâlni, fy je mëfenÿ kmitocet, pfivâdënÿ na vertikâlni zesilovac; fx je kmitoëet znâmÿ, privâdënÿ na horizontâlni zesilovac.
Mëreni hloubky modulace z lichobëznikcvého prûbëhu
Na vertikâlni zesilovac pfivedeme modulovanÿ v! signél a na horizontâlni zesilovaë nf modu- lujicl signâl. Na stinitku oscilografu vznikne lichobë£nik, pfi hloubce modulace 100 % vznik
ne trojühelnik.
expressed as a proper fraction, the figure becomes more complicated. The frequency ratio is determined by the ratio of the number of peaks in the vertical plane to the number of peaks in the horizontal plane, fy being the frequency being measured, which is supplied to the vertical amplifier, and fx the known fr e quency, which is supplied to the horizontal amplifier.
Modulation Factor Measurements from Trapezoidal Wave
The modulated HF signal is applied to the ver
tical amplifier, the modulating LF frequency being supplied to the horizontal amplifier. A trapezoidiform image appears on the oscillo
scope screen, degenerating to a triangle if the modulation factor attains 100 %.
Mereni otacek
Mgfeni otdćek se velmi podobś mereni kmi- to£tu. Bgżng se provśdi mgreni otśćek elektro- magnetick^mi obrśtkomgry, ktere trpi opotfe- benim a kterś obvykle neni możne na m gfenf objekt pfipojit trvale. Pfesnost tohoto mgreni byvd obvykle nizkd. Mdme-li vhodny snimac, mużeme mgfit otaćky s vyśsi pfesnosti (asi
± 3 % ) . Mfifeme je mgfit trvale a mgfeni pro- vśdgt ve vgtsi vzdślenosti od rotujici cństi;
nem&me-li vhodny snimac, mńżeme poużit nou- zovg i elektromagnetickś sluchatko se sejmu- tou membrśnou. Tento snimac upevnime proti v^stupkum na rotujici cósti. Podminkou je, aby v^stupky były z magneticky vodiveho materi- ślu. Pfi każdśm pruchodu vystupku kołem sni- maće vznikne ve snimaCi elektricky impuls. Pfi mgfeni zapojime snimac jako jeden zdrój kmi- toćtu, generdtor jako druhy a mgfime pomoci Lissajousovych obrazcu. Vlastni otacky vyćisli- me podle vztahu:
f . 60
Measurement of Revolutions
The measurement of revolutions is very simi
lar to the measurement of frequency. Electro
magnetic revolution counters are currently used for this purpose, but they are exposed to severe wear and usually cannot be permanent
ly attached to the object being measured. The accuracy of this measurement is usually low.
If a suitable pick-up is available, revolutions can be measured with a greater accuracy fabout ± 3 % ) . The measuring can be perma
nent and can be performed at a greater dis
tance from the rotating part. If no suitable pick-up is at hand, it can be substituted by a telephone receiver with the diaphragm remov
ed. Such a pick-up is fixed against projections on the rotating part, provided that these pro
jections are of a magnetically conductive ma
terial. Each passage of the projection past the pick-up causes an electric pulse to be generated in the pick-up winding. For the me
asurement, the pick-up is connected as the one frequency transmitter and a generator as the other, the measuring method being based on the Lissajous figures. The numebr of revo
lutions is obtained from the relation:
kde n == pocet otâcek za minutu f = mgfenÿ kmitoćet
k = poëet vÿstupkü rotujici câsti.
where n . . . revolutions per minute, f . . . frequency measured, k . . . number of projections on
rotating part
the
Potfebujeme-li mëfit fâzovÿ posuv dvou napëti stejného kmitoćtu, pfivedeme jedno z nich na vertikâlni, drulié na horizontâlni zesilovac. Na obrazovce se objevi stojici elipsa. Odecteme iiseky Y1 a Y2 a potom fâzovÿ posuv je możno urcit ze vztahu:
s i n 9 = YiY z —
Mëfeni fâze dvou napëti
If the phase shift between two voltages of like frequency is to be measured, connect one of them to the vertical amplifier and the other to the horizontal one. A stationary ellipse will appear on the screen. Now read off the length of the intercepts Y1 and Y2 and determine the phase shift from the relation
Phase Shift Measurements
Obr. 15 F ig . 15
Pfi <p = 0 nebo 180° se elipsa zmeni v pfimku, pfi cp — 90° v krużnici. Pro uhly 0— 90° vznikne elipsa podobna ping vytażene, pro uhly 90° aż 180° carkovane (obr. 15]. Pfi mgfeni delky usecky Y2 je vyhodne odpojit vstup horizon- tślniho zesilovace.
Mëreni impedanCniho pfizpûsobeni
Pro rychlé mëfeni impedancniho pfizpûsobeni je vÿhodnâ metoda vyuzivajici vobler, oscilo- graf a mërici vedeni (vytvofené üsekem koaxi- âlniho vedeni). Pfipojime-li na detekcni diodu oscilograf, na jehoź horizontâlni zesilovaë pfi- vedeme rozmitaci napëti rozmitaného oscilâ- toru, kresli paprsek na obrazovce prûbëh sto- jatÿch vin na vedeni. Jako vedeni poużijeme pfesnÿ koaxiâlni kabel, jehoż délka je dâna zdvihem vobleru a poctem vin, které chceme na obrazovce pozorovat.
1 = _ J ł •150 Af -VI kde n = pocet vin
A f = zdvih
s = dielektrickâ konstanta kabelu.
Volime-li n = 1, Af = 15 MHz a pohybuje-li se hodnota dielektrické konstanty pro bóźne ko- axiâlni kabely kolem 2,5, vyjde nâm délka 1 = 6,32 m.
Pomër maximâlniho a minimâlniho napëti udâ- vâ pomër stojatÿch vin. Relativni posunuti mi
nima prübëhu napëti pfi vedeni zatiżenem më- fenou impedanci vzhledem k minimu napëti pfi
vedeni naprâzdno urcuje ühel odrazu ?.
The ellipse will become a straight line for v — 0 or 180° and a circle for $> == 90°. The solid ellipse applies to shift angles from 0 to 90° and the dashed one to angles from 90 to 180° (Fig. 15). When measuring the lenght of the intercept Y2, it is of advantage to discon
nect the input of the horizontal amplifier.
Measurements of Impedance Matching
A method suited for fast measurements of im
pedance matching is one using a wobbler, an oscilloscope and a measuring line (in the form of a section of coaxial line). When connecting the oscilloscope to a detection diode, the wob
bling voltage of a sweep oscillator being ap
plied to the horizontal amplifier of the oscil
loscope, the electron beam depicts on the screen the stationary waves in the line. A pre
cision coaxial cable is to be used as the m ea
suring line, its length being determined by the frequency deviation of the wobbler and by the number of waves desired to be observed on the screen.
I = n x 150 Af X Ve where n . . . number of waves
Af . . . frequency deviation
s . . . dielectric constant of the cable.
If the values above are chosen to be n = 1, Af = 15 MHz, and if the value of the dielectric constant for currently used coaxial cable is somewhere about 2.5, the resulting length is 1 = 6.32 m.
The maximum/minimum voltage ratio repre
sents the stationary wave ratio. The relative shift of the minimum of the voltage wave with the line loaded by the impedance being me
asured in relation to the voltage minimum with the line free of load determines the angle of reflection ?.
v e d e n i n o p ra z d n o n o -lo a d lin e
v e d e n i za ko n c e n e m e re n o u im p e d a n c i lin e te rm in a te d
w ith th e m e a s u re d im p e d a n c e
Preladënim vobleru müzeme plynule prômëro- vat v celém vysetrovaném kmitoctovém roz- sahu.
Nastaveni prübëhu kmitoßtove charakteristiky Na vstup obvodu pfivedeme z vobleru rozmi- tané vf napëti, naladëné na stfed pracovniho kmitoëtu. Vertikalni zesilovac pripojime na vÿ- stup obvodu; horizontâlni zesilovac pripojime na vÿstup rozmitaciho napëti z vobleru. Na obrazovce uvidime primo tvar kfivky propust- nosti mëreného obvodu a vliv jednotlivÿch prvkû.
By retuning the wobbler, measurements can be performed in the whole frequency range being investigated.
Setting of the Frequency Response Curve The HT wobbler voltage tuned to the midpoint of the operating frequency range is applied to the input of circuit, its output being connected to the vertical amplifier. The horizontal ampli
fier is connected direct to the wobble frequen
cy output of the wobbler. The CR tube now directly displayes the frequency response cur
ve of the circuit being investigated and the effect of the individual elements.
V. P R I N C I P C I N N O S T I BLOKOVË SCHÉMA
~ 2 2 0 V
1 — extern! synchronizace 2 — vertikalni zesilovac 3 — £asovś zśkladna 4 — horizontalni zesilovac 5 — NN zdroje
6 — VN zdroj 7 — sit
V. P R I N C I P L E OF O P E R A T I O N BLOCK DIAGRAM
\ [
F i g . 1 7
1 — external triggering 2 — vertical amplifier 3 — time base
4 — horizontal amplifier 5 — LT supplies
6 — HT supply 7 — mains
POPIS OBVODÛ
Vertikâlni zesilovad (obr. 18)
DESCRIPTION OF CIRCUITRY Vertical Amplifier (Fig. 18)
vstupni dglië vstupni dëliC
input divider input divider Zesiiovag md symetricky vstup s moznosti
uzemngni kterghokoliv vstupu, to znamend vy- tvofeni nesymetrickeho vstupu. Vazba s mefe- nym obvodem ]e bud'to stejnosmgrnó nebo stfidavd pfes oddglovaci kondenzśtor. Citlivost zesilovage je 20 mVss. Signśl je primo nebo pfes vstupni dglig pfiveden na symetricky ka- todovy sledovag a odtud na symetricky zesilu- jic i stupeń, ktery pfi nesymetrickśm provozu funguje jako emitorovy invertor. V emitorech tohoto stupng je możno zmgnou zśporne zpgtne vazby plynule mgnit zesileni. Takto zesileny signdl je pfiveden na koncovy stupeń, ktery je tvofen kaskodou tranzistor elektronka. V emi
torech tranzistoru koncovgho stupng je pomoci zdporne zpgtne vazby provedena kalibrace ze
sileni a rovngz je zde kmitogtovg z&visld zpgtnd vazba, umożńujici korekci kmitoctove charakte- ristiky zesilovace s ohledem na vys^i kmitocty.
Z koncoveho stupng je odebirśn zesileny sig
nal pro synchronizaci Casove zSkladny.
The input of the amplifier is symmetrical with a possibility to earth any of the input chan
nels to provide for an asymmetrical input. The coupling with the circuit being measured is either galvanic or capacitive via a blocking capacitor. The sensitivity of the amplifier is 20 mVp.p. The signal is supplied to a symmetri
cal cathode follower either directly or through an input divider, and is passed on to a sym
m etrical amplification stage acting as an emit
ter inverter in the case of asymmetrical ope
ration. The amplification can be continuously controlled by changing the negative feedback in the emitter circuits of this stage. The ampli
fied signal is supplied to an output stage con
sisting in a transistor-tube cascode. A negative feedback in the emitter circuits of the output- -stage transistors provides for amplification calibration. A frequency-dependent feedback is also provided here to enable correction of the frequency characteristic of the ampli
fier in the high-frequency range. The ampli
fied signal is taken off the output stage to trigger the time base.
Horizontalni zesiiovag (obr. 18)
Horizontślni zesilovac pracuje v reżimu ,,XY“
shodng s vertikdlnim. Rozdil je pouze pfi pro
vozu s casovou zśkladnou. V tomto pfipadg je mfiźka jednoho katodoveho sledovace uzemng- na, do mfiźky druhśho katodoveho sledovace
Horizontal Amplifier (Fig. 18)
The horizontal amplifier operates in “XY“
mode identically with the vertical one, the only difference being in the time-base mode of operation. In this case, the grid of one of the cathode followers is earthed, the sawtooth
