The Political Meaning of Informal Urbanisation

(1)

the political meaning of

informal urbanisation

SpatialPlanning &Strategy Delft University of Technology URBANISM

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Objectives

notions of positive and negative rights in housing provision

understanding of the political struggles of citizens in relation to the Right to the City

critique of the position that sees informal dwellers as entrepreneurs

role of governments in promoting access to housing and as steers of urban development

political meaning of housing and informal urbanisation

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This presentation claims that...

THE RIGHT TO THE CITY

RIGHT to RIGHTS RIGHT TO THE CITY

POSITIVE RIGHTS NEGATIVE RIGHTS

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PUBLIC GOODS COLLECTIVE UNDERTAKINGS POLITICALLY, INSTITUTIONALLY PROCEDURALLY MAIN TOOLS

SPATIAL JUSTICE RIGHT TO THE CITY

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shifting paradigms: from criminals to entrepreneurs

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Civil and political consequences of illegality

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subversion of the rule of law

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(10)

(11)

• hope

• entrepreneurship

• affirmation of the right

to BE in the city

• the possibility to access a

much larger and

diversified labour market

• access to improved health

care, educational opportunities and

cultural opportunities

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Mumb

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Sao P

aul

o

Poor official

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+-900 million people in slums (UN Habitat)

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Positive rights are deeply

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Positive rights are deeply

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Different models of democratic societies

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Turn to neoliberalism

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Rem Koolhaas in Lagos

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Brillembourg and Klumpner

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(41)

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the rule of law is intimately connected to the construction of the city

CITY > CITIZEN

ONLY WHEN MEN HAD TO LIVE IN CLOSE PROXIMITY AND SHARE LIMITED RESOURCES, THE RULE OF LAW STARTS TO EMERGE.

THE LAW CREATES A SPACE OF OBLIGATIONS BUT ALSO OF RIGHTS

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THE RULE OF LAW CAN BE CLEARLY TRANSLATED INTO SPATIAL FORM

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THE RULE OF LAW CAN BE CLEARLY TRANSLATED INTO SPATIAL FORM

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Role of planning?

material/spatial support inclusion

access to negative AND positive rights

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Intangible assets that can be enjoyed by all

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Intangible assets that can be enjoyed by all

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A bridge is not a public good but it promotes one

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‘green’

Sao P

aul

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Green Heart of the Randstad

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Public goods and collective action

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lack of access to public goods

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Role of the State and of planning

Sao P

aul

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Tne European experience

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Ams

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Ams

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Consequences for the role of governments

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Interconnections positive

(65)

base for the constitution

of

(66)

Integration of the right to the city with urban development

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Any

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Sao P

aul

(77)

0 20km N Anhanguera Perus Jaragua S. D omingos Pirituba Freguesia do O Brasilandia Limao Cachoei-rinha M andaqui Casa Verde Santana Trememb e Tucuruvi Jacana Vila M edeiros Vila Maria Vila Guilherme Cangaiba Penha Tatuape Carrao Belem M ooca Agua Rasa Vila Matilde Vila Formosa Ermelino M atarazzo Itaquera Ponte Rasa Artur Alvim Cidade Lider Parque do Carmo Jose Bonifacio Cidade Tiradentes Guaianases Lajeado Vila Curuca Itaim Paulista Jardim Helena Sao M iguel Vila Jacui Iguatemi Sao Rafael Sao Mateus Sapopopembaemba Aricanduva Sao Lucas Vila Pruden te Ipiranga Sacoma Cursino Jabaquara Cidade Ademar Pedreira Cidade D utra Grajau Socorro Camp o Grande Santo Amaro Parelheiros M arsilac Jardim A ngela Jardim Sao Luis Capao Redondo Camp o Limp o Vila Andrade Vila Sonia M orumbi Raposo Tavares

Rio Pequeno Butanta

Jaguare Vila Leopoldina Lapa Jaragua Alto de Pinheiros Itaim Bibi M oema Camp o Belo Saude Vila M ariana Jardim Paulista Pinheiros Perdizes Barra Funda Consolacao Santa Cecilia Bela Vista Lib erdade Cambuci Bras Pari Bom Retiro Se republica Norway Norway Iceland Iceland Australia Australia SWEDEN SWEDEN Netherlands Japan Denmark Finland FRance Austria Austria New Zealand germany spain spain Hong kong Hong kong singapore singapore slovenia s.Korea kyrgyztan Dominican Rep. S. Korea S.KOrea Cyprus cyprus cyprus cyprus cyprus cyprus cyprus Czech Rep. Malta MALTA MALTA Argentina Argentina Argentina Argentina Argentina poland poland chile chile estonia slovakia qatar bahrain bahrain croatia cyprus uruguay latvia st kitts bahamas bahamas bahamas seychelles seychelles cuba cuba cuba mexico bulgaria Panama Panama lybia lybia lybia Malaysia Malaysia Russia mauritius bosnia oman Albania thailand venezuela saudi arabia ukraine ukraine ukraine ukraine peru _kazakhstan Dominican republic China sri lanka sri lanka turkey bulgaria

Sky high: SWEDEN Very high: Spain high: Czech republic moderately high: mexico Medium: thailand

Medium to low: kyrgystan

HDI Human development index (2007( city of sao paulo districts compared

data source: PMSP and IBGE/PNUD 2007

there are no districts that score less than 0.7, therefore no district with low HDI the lowest HDI index belongs to marsilac (0.701

Sao P

aul

(78)

0 _20km N Anhanguera Perus Jaragua S. D omingos Pirituba Freguesia do O Brasilandia Limao Cachoei-rinha M andaqui Casa Verde Santana Trememb e Tucuruvi Jacana Vila M edeiros Vila Maria Vila Guilherme Cangaiba Penha Tatuape Carrao Belem M ooca Agua Rasa Vila Matilde Vila Formosa Ermelino M atarazzo Itaquera Ponte Rasa Artur Alvim Cidade Lider Parque do Carmo Jose Bonifacio Cidade Tiradentes Guaianases Lajeado Vila Curuca Itaim Paulista Jardim Helena Sao M iguel Vila Jacui Iguatemi Sao Rafael Sao Mateus Sapopopembaemba

Aricanduva Sao Lucas Vila Pruden te Ipiranga Sacoma Cursino Jabaquara Cidade Ademar Pedreira Cidade D utra Grajau Socorro Camp o Grande Santo Amaro Parelheiros M arsilac Jardim A ngela Jardim Sao Luis Capao Redondo Camp o Limp o Vila Andrade Vila Sonia M orumbi Raposo Tavares

Rio Pequeno Butanta

Jaguare Vila Leopoldina Lapa Jaragua Alto de Pinheiros Itaim Bibi M oema Camp o Belo Saude Vila M ariana Jardim Paulista Pinheiros Perdizes Barra Funda Consolacao Santa Cecilia Bela Vista Lib erdade Cambuci Bras Pari Bom Retiro Se republica Norway Norway Iceland Iceland Australia Australia SWEDEN SWEDEN Netherlands Japan Denmark Finland FRance Austria Austria New Zealand germany spain spain Hong kong Hong kong singapore singapore slovenia s.Korea kyrgyztan Dominican Rep. S. Korea S.KOrea Cyprus cyprus cyprus cyprus cyprus cyprus cyprus Czech Rep. Malta MALTA MALTA Argentina Argentina Argentina Argentina Argentina poland poland chile chile estonia slovakia qatar bahrain bahrain croatia cyprus uruguay latvia st kitts bahamas bahamas bahamas seychelles seychelles cuba cuba cuba mexico bulgaria Panama Panama lybia lybia lybia Malaysia Malaysia Russia mauritius bosnia oman Albania thailand venezuela saudi arabia ukraine ukraine ukraine ukraine peru _kazakhstan Dominican republic China sri lanka sri lanka turkey bulgaria

Sky high: SWEDEN Very high: Spain

high: Czech republic

moderately high: mexico Medium: thailand

Medium to low: kyrgystan

HDI Human development index (2007(

city of sao paulo districts compared

data source: PMSP and IBGE/PNUD 2007

there are no districts that score less than 0.7, therefore no district with low HDI the lowest HDI index belongs to marsilac (0.701

Sao P

aul

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22.5% middle or high vulnerability (2.5 million people)

Sao P

aul

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Sao P aul o vo te dis tribu tion ma yoral elec tions 2012

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Sao P aul o et hnic dis tribu tion

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Sao P

aul

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Sao P

aul

Occupation as political

action

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Sao P

aul

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Civil and political consequences of illegality

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subversion of the rule of law

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Pinheirinho

If housing is a priviledge, then occupying is a right.

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But how did we get there?

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Milit

ar

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Milit

ar

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Milit

ar

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Mass rural migra

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ABC

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Social

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Christian (catholic) Base Communities

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Diretas Ja

Direct Elections

Now

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1988

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o

Mutirao

“the medicine against

corruption: self-help and self-management”

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Loteamento

irregular

Sao P

aul

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Projeto Cingapura

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Sao P

aul

o

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Unified Educational Centres

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recently

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Es

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base for the constitution

of

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Integration of the right to the city with urban development

(140)

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