Looking back to the future

o.a...·

LOOKING BACK TO THE FUTURE

SE RETOURNER VERS

L' AVENIR

I

Bibliotheek TU Delft

IAPS-1O is sponsored by:

- the Department of Architecture of the T.U. Delft - the Ministry of Education and Science (O&W) - the Ministry of Housing (VROM)

- the Ministry of Justice - the UNESCO

- the City of Rotterdam - Philips

- Strukton - Volker Stevin

- Corsmit Consuiting Engineers - ABT Consuiting Engineers

- OSPA Research Institute T.U. Delft

•

LOOKING BACK TO THE FUTURE

SE RETOURNER VERS L'AVENIR

lAPS 10/1988

Proceedings of the tenth bienal conference of the International Association for the Study of People and their Physical Surroundings, Delft, the Netherlands, july 5-8, 1988

Vol. I: Program and

Abstracts/Programme

et

résumés

Herbert van Hoogdalem Niels L. Prak

Theo J.M. van der Voordt Herman 8.R. van Wegen

Conference Organization Committee Niels L. Prak (programme organizer) Herbert van Hoogdalem

Theo J. M. van der Voordt Herman B.R. van Wegen

Ankedien Hemmes-Naaborg (coordinator) Published by:

Delft University Press Stevinweg 1

2628 CN Delft, Netherlands telephone (0)15 783254 Printed by:

Roeland Druk bv, The Hague

CIP-DATA KONINKLIJKE BIBLIOTHEEK, THE HAGUE looking

looking back to the future

=

Se retourner vers I' avenir: proceedings of the tenth bienal conference of the International Association for the Study of People and their Physical Surroundings, Delft, the Netherlands, july 5-8, 1988/ Herbert van Hoogdalem ... (et al.). - Delft: Delft University Press

I: Programme and abstracts. - 111. Met index, lit. opg.

ISBN 90-6275-453-8

SISO 719.1 UDC 711 NVGI 655 Trefw.: planologie

Copyright

©

1988 by Research Institute of Urban Planning and Architecture (OS PA)

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm or by any other means without written permis-sion from the publisher: Delft University Press, Delft, Netherlands Printed in the Netherlands

T ABLE OF CONTENTS

I

TABLE DE MATIERES

Preface

I

Introduction

Acknowledgements

I

Remerciements

Floor plan of the Aula

I

Plan du Grand Auditorium Campus map

I

Plan du quartier universitaire

1. Overview of the programme

I

Aperçu du program me 2. Detailed program me of symposia

I

Program me détaillé des symposiums 3. Detailed program me of papersessions

I

Programme détaillé des séances de communications 4. Abstracts of Symposia

I

Résumés des Symposiums 5. Abstracts of Papers and other presentations

I

Résumés des Communications et des autres contributions 6. Abstracts of outdoor workshops

I

Résumés des visites d'étude hors ville

page 7 9 11 12 15 23 41 53 111

PREFACE

Giving form to the links between human activities and physical space is the essence of environmental design. The association of social-scientists, archi-tects and planners within lAPS has therefore been a deliberate choice, so-me twenty years ago. lts international character bears evidence to the in-terrelatedness of problems manifesting themselves in many different coun-tries: quite often the problems of a particular period vary less from one country to another, than they vary between our period and another within one country.

In its recent 4th Memorandum on Environmental Planning, the Dutch gou-vernment has strongly emphasized the value of spatial quality. According to our Minister of Housing, Planning and Environmental Management, spat-ial policy should aim at the realization of th ree values: the functional, the experiential and the future value.

The first and the second va lues were not invented by our Minister, but al-ready formulated about two thousand years ago by Vitruvius.

The functional value expresses the necessity to fit our buildings, cities and landscapes to the needs of society. The experiential value touches upon that complicated relation between design and its appreciation by the users. The thirdelement, the future value, is relatively new. Sometimes one has the feeling, that this value was formulated at a time that relatively new buildings and urban areas appeared to be little valued, necessitating major rehabilitation af ter only a short period since their completion. Put parado-xically: "Areas with future value are those which we re not planned with that principle in mind". One can think of areas from a more remote past, e.g. the medieval inner cities, which in hindsight have proved capable to accommodating major socio-economic changes in their buildings and urban spaces.

This brings me to the theme of IAPS-IO, "Looking back to the future". I think it was an excellent choice to hold this conference in Delft. Delft has a beautiful medieval inner city, relatively unscarred by time. This core is surrounded by the succesive layers of 19th and especially 20th century ex-tensions. The University of Technology, originally integrated in the histori-cal core, has grown so impetuously after W6rld War Two, that a separate campus with all its advantages and disadvantages became necessary. The intimate links of the university with the totality of urban life had to be cut because of the large scale of the faculty buildings; yet another con tri-bution to a world whieh falls apart. The theme of this conference urges us to look back to the past, to see which qualities were won and which were lost in the historie development of our spatial environment. In principle, one might expect that growing experience would bring a clearer insight in the needs of the future. Very of ten however, a new generation seems to demand the right to make its own mistakes. Probably the rapid evolution of our society poses a host of new problems, for which lessons from the past can only provide partial answers.

In the City of Delft, the present, the past and the orientation towards the future show themselves clearly in the varied urban landscape.

I wish the participants of lAPS-IDa good and succesful conference, and, in-spi red by the past, a bright future.

Co van Tol

Dean of the Faculty of Architecture Delft University of Technology

INTRODUCTION

Dans la planification de notre mHieu spatial, la relation entre les activités humaines et l'espace est un facteur primordial car l'espace sert de fond pour toutes les activités de l'individu et pour cel1es de la société. Cela ex-plique Ie choix des chercheurs en sciences sociales, des architectes et des urbanistes de se réunir dans l'IAPS. Le caractère international de l'associa-tion témoigne des relal'associa-tions étroites entre les problèmes dans les pays diffé-rents. Ces problèmes se ressemblant plu tot en fonction d'une certaine épo-que qu'en fonction de leur localité. .

Le quatrième mémoire du gouvernement néerlandais sur l'aménagement du territoire fait grand cas de la qualité spatiale. Selon Ie ministre concerné, la politique spatiale doit viser

à

trois valeurs, c'est-à-dire,

à

l'utilité, au vécu et

à

l'avenir.

La troisième de ces valeurs, l'avenir, est relativement nouvel1e. On dirait que cette valeur fut déterminée au moment ou nombre de batiments et de quartiers assez nouvel1ement construits ne s'avèrent avoir que peu d'avenir, ce qui nécessita une rénovation précoce. On en pourrait formuler Ie para-doxe suivant: "Les quartiers ayant une valeur d'avenir sont ceux qui n'ont pas été projetés comme tels". N'y-a-t-H pas un certain nombre de quartiers anciens qui, parfois remontant au Moyen Age, aujourd'hui, témoignent d'une grande valeur d'avenir, de sorte que des changements sociaux qui, depuis, se sont produits soient facilement intégrés à l'intérieur des batiments comme dans l'ensemble de ces anciens quartiers ?

Cela me mène au thème de l'IAPS-lO "se retourner vers l'avernir". Le choix de Delft pour cette conférence me ~arait excel1ent. Delft possède un bel ancien coeur mediéval, qui nIest guere endommagé et qui est entouré de faubourgs du 1ge et du 20e siècle. L'université technique qui, initialement, fit part ou s'approcha de l'ancienne vil1e, s'est étendue comme quartier uni-versitaire à part entière, en entrainant tous ses avantages et ses désavan-tages.

11 a fal1u rompre Ie réseau étroit entre l'université et la totalité de la vie urbaine

à

cause de la grande échel1e des batiments universitaire ce qui a contribué à "un monde qui se décompose".

Le thème de cette conférence rappel1e une fois de plus la nécessité de se retourner vers Ie passé, pour voir plus dair les qualités et les défauts qui se sont produits lors de l'évolution du milieu spatiale

En principe, H fallait que la connaissance de ce qu'il faut pour l'avenir s'augmente avec la croissance de l'expérience. Mais tout se passe comme si chaque génération exige la liberté de faire ses propres erreurs. Mais, proba-blement les problèmes seront tellement nouveaux

à

cause du développe-ment rapide de la société que les leçons du passé n'auront qu'une vauleur rest rein te.

Le présent, Ie passé et l'avenir sont tous visibles dans Ie milieu urbain de Delft qui témoigne d'une diversité surprenante.

Je souhai te

à

tous les participants une bonne et fructueuse conférence qui leur permettra de se faire inspirer du passé pour se diriger vers l'avenir.

Co van Tol

Doyen du Secteur d'Architure de l'Université Technique de Delft

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS/REMERcreMENTS

It is impossible to organize an international conference of th is scope and si ze without the enthusiastic support of a great number of people. We would like to thank the Executive Committee of the lAPS board: Gilles Barbey, Martin Symes, Peter Ellis, Lenelis Kruse en Sua-Ann Lee for their help.

We are also grateful for the financial, administrative and organizational support given by the Faculty of Architecture and the OSPA research insti-tute.

11 est impossible d'organiser une conférence internationale d'une telle im-portance et d'un tel ampleur sans l'appui enthousiaste d'un grand nombre de personnes. Nous remercions les membres du Comité Exécutif de la Com-mission de l'IAPS: Gilles Barbey, Martin Symes, Peter Ellis, Lenelis Kruse et Sue-Ann Lee pour leurs conseils. Nous remercions également la Section d'architecture de l'Université Technique de Delft et son institut de recher-ches l'OSPA pour leur appui financier, administratif et organinisationnel.

Special thanks are due to:

Nous devons des remerciements particuliers à Herman Albers Annemiek Bal D.H. Frieling Mieke de Graaf Maja Heederik-Günther Peter Jonquière Hans Krüse

Hennie van der Meulen Leo Meyer

Astrid Roos-Aukes Bob van Rossen Hans Schouten Ed Steffen Joop van der Stelt Co van Tol Jan- W Wem· Vader Frans van der Zon E.J. Zuidgeest

Technical Staff of the Auditorium TU Delft Catering Staff of the Auditorium TU Delft International Office TU Delft

Dish Hotel, W. Mook

Students of the Faculty of Architecture City Council of Delft

VVV Rotterdam VVV Delft

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tuesday / mardi ROOM TIME SALLE HEURE Hall 14.00-17.30 ACTlVITY EVENEMENT REGISTRA TION JULY

5

wednesday / mercredi

ROOM

TIME

SALLE

HEURE

Caf. 9.00-10.00 Aud. 10.00-10.30 Aud. 10.30-11.15 Caf. 11.15-11.45 Aud. 11.45-12.30 Caf. 12.30-13.30 A B C D 1 2 4 3 13.30-15.00 15.30-17.00 13.30-15.00 3 15.30-17.00 City 17.30-19.00 Bwk.

19.00-ACTlVlTY

EVENEMENT

Information Opening session JULY

Plenary session: speaker Jean Rémy break

Plenary session: speaker Daniel Stokols

luncheon

SYMPOSIA (S) AND PAPER SESSIONS(P) Post-occupancy evaluation (S)

Defensible Space (S) Research Utilization (S) Landscape (network meeting)

6

Housing: Participation and Rehabilitation (P) Perception et Symbolisme (en Franr;ais) (P) meeting of the oid lAPS board

Developments in Environment/Behaviour Re-search (P)

Exhibition Environments (P)

Reception in the townhall by the City Council of Delft

Annual general meeting lAPS

thursday / jeudi

ROOM

TIME

SALLE HEURE

09.00-10.30 11.00-12.30 A B C D 2 3 4 09.00-10.30 11.00-12.30 Caf. 12.30.13.30 13.30-15.00 15.30-17.00 A B C D 1 2 3 4 13.30-15.00 15.30-16.00 17.30-20.00

ACTIVITY

EVENEMENT

JULY

SYMPOSIA AND PAPER SESSIONS Post-occupancy evaluation (S)

7

Environment, behavior and design theory (S)

Research utiJiza tion (S)

Les aspects phénoménologiques du chez-soi (S) Perception and symbolism (P)

Education (network meeting)

Gardens, landscape, townplanning (P) Work environments (P)

Gender and cultural differences

luncheon

SYMPOSIA AND PAPER SESSIONS Esthétique et technostructure (S)

Environment, behaviour and design theory (S) Ecological psychology (S)

Housing (network meeting) Housing the underprivileged (P) Perception and symbolism (P) Environments for special groups (P) Gardens, landscape, town planning (P)

OUTDOOR WORKSHOPS / VISITES D'ETUDE HORS VILLE

friday / vendredi ROOM TIME SALLE . HEURE A B C D E 1 2 3 4 Caf. A B C D 1 2 3 4 Aud. Caf. 09.00-10.30 11.00-12.30 12.30-13.30 13.30-15.30 16.00-17.00 17.00-18.00 18.00-23.00 ACTIVITY EVENEMENT JULY

8

SYMPOSIA AND PAPER SESSIONS

Environmental stress (S) Offices and office systems (S) Changing notions of the landscape (S) Green solar architecture (S)

Meeting of the new lAPS board

Architectura1 theory, history & education (p) Neighbourhood: its perception identity and quality (p)

Environments for special groups (P) The home and its meanings (P)

luncheon

SYMPOSIA AND PAPER SESSIONS

The role of the historical analyses in theory, research and practice to people and their sur-roundings (S)

Environmental psychology in the 3rd world (S) Perceiving, cognizing and memorizing the af-fordances of the environment (S)

Women and environments (S)

Architectural theory, history & education (P) The neighbourhood: perception, identity and quality (P)

Environments for special groups (P) The home and its meanings (P)

P1enary session: speaker Niels Prak Drinks

F AREWELL DINNER ON BOARD OF M.S. "ROTTERDAM" (in Rotterdam)

2

Detailed programme of symposia/

Programme détaillé des symposiums

wednesday I mercredi ROOM SALLE A TIME

HEURE

13.30-17.00 Caf. 15.00-15.30 JULY SYMPOSIUM

POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATDN (POE-enquêtes auprès des utila teurs)

6

Organizer and chair: WoHgang Preiser

Contributors (in order of presentation as indica-ted by the chair):

WoHgang Preiser

Introduction of the symposium Harvey Rabinowitz

Overview of uses and boundaries of POE WoHgang Preiser

Towards more rigorous and systematic POE Craig Zimring

Advances in POE knowledge

general discussion with the audiance

Robert Bechtel:

Advances in POE methods Roger Pegrum and Peter Bycroff

Quality down under - a POE application case st u-dy

Edward Whi te

POE fr om the client's perspective general discussion with the audiance

Symposium to be continued next wednesday-morning in room A

w~nesday / mercredi ROOM

SALLE

8 Caf. TIME HEURE 13.30-17.00 15.00-15.30 SYMPOSIUM DEFENSIBLE SPACE (Controle de l'espace) JULY

Organizer and chair: Oscar 'Newman Contributors (in alphabethical order): Jean Chaguiboff and Yvonne Bernard The spatial representation of insecurity Alice Coleman

Returning to our civilised roots Oscar Newman

6

Factors influencing crime and instabiH ty in fede-rally assisted housing developments

Theo van der Voordt and Herman van Wegen

A checklist on crime prevention through environ-mental design: usefullness and limitations

Adrie van der Wurff and Peter Str~er

Fear of crime in residential areas: defensible space and beyond

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24

wednesday / mercredi ROOM SALLE

c

TIME HEURE 13.30-17.00 Caf. 15.00-15.30 JULY

6

SYMPOSIUM RESEARCH UTILIZATION

(Utilisation des données de recherches)

Organizer and chair: Joost van Andel - introduc-tion

Co-organizer: Gary T. Moore Contributors (in alphabetical order): Joost van Andel

Expert systems in environmental psychology Peter Ellis

. The usefuiness of research on social episodes Ronald Hamel

Stages of the design process and the use of in-formation

Duncan Joiner

Designers participa ting in research Gary Moore

Discussion: Two-community and one-community theories as means for thinking about research utiliza tion

Henri Sanoff

Integrating research and design participation: new paradigm for the future

Jonathan Sime, James Powell, Paul Newland, Chris Reed

Environment-behaviour research and information transfer

Martin Symes

Architects information requirements Yigal Tzamir and Iris Aravot

Architecture and E-B research - The gap of knowledge

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Symposium to be continued on thursday morning in the same room

(symposium

à

suivre Ie jeudi matin, même salIe)

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wednesday / mercredi

JULY

6

ROOM TIME _SYMPOSIUM

SALLE

HEURE

D 13.30-17.00

LANDSCAPE

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Caf.

15.00-15.30 26

thursday / jeudi ROOM SALLE A Cai. Caf. TIME HEURE 09.00-12.30 10.30-11.00 12.30-13.30 JULY SYMPOSIUM (continuation of wednesday pm) POST OCCUPANCY EVALUATION (POE-enquêtes auprès des utilisateurs) Organizer and chair: Wolfgang Preiser

7

Contributors: (in order of presentation as indica-ted by the chair):

Franklin Becker

POE as a research paradigm Peter Jokusch

Assessment of future needs anticipation and briefing

Michael Durkin

The role of POEs in earthquake hazard mitigation Geraldo Ser ra

POE at the urban sca1e in Brazil general discussion with the audiance

~ ... .

Guido Francescato

An expanded model of residential satisfaction Jay FarbsteÏn:

Advances in POE applications Hans-Joachim Klein

Evaluation of museum effectiveness Francis Ventre

Statistical Sampling Robert Marans

Office lighting and evaluation methodology Peter Ellis and Duncan Joiner

Making POE work in an organization General discussion with the audiance

thursday / jeudi ROOM

SALLE

A Caf. TIME HEURE 13.30-17.00 15.00-15.30 JULY SYMPOSIUM ESTHETIQUE ET TECHNOSTRUCTURE (Aesthetics and technocracy)

Organisatrice et président: Marion Segaud - in-troduction

Contribueurs: (en ordre alphabétique): R. Frances

La musique contemporaine, artefact économique et sociotechnique

Catherine Mougenot

La qualité architecturale en Belgique: anciennes et nouvelles ten dan ces sociales

Henri Raymond

Technostructure et architecture: l'exemple cor-buséen

Marion Segaud

Compétence esthétique et architecture Martin Symes

Urbanisme contemporain en Angleterre et aux Etats Unis

~, ... .

~

thursday / jeudi ROOM SALLE B Cai. Caf. B Caf. TIME HEURE 09.00-17.00 10.30-11.00 12.30-13.30 13.30-17.00 15.00-15.30 JULY

7

SYMPOSIUM

ENVIRONMENT, BEHAVlOR AND DESIGN THE-ORY

(Environnement, comportement et théorie) Organizer and chair: Gary T. Moore introduction:

Conceptualizing EBS and design theories of the Middle Range

Co-chair: Andreas F. van Wagenberg Discussant: Martin Symes

Contributors (in alphabetical order): Thijs Bax

"New Netherland 2050". The role of a centrale design team in a decentralized design process Linda Groat

The significance of architectural theory for envi-ronmental design research

Martin Krampen

Advances in research on environmental meaning and symbolism

Jon Lang

Design theories from an environment-behavior perspective

Roderick Lawrenee

Structuralist theories in environment-behavior-design research

Harry Lievaart

Integrated design: coping with constraints and images

Henk Trum

On the concept of function in building science Andreas van Wagenberg

A conceptual "environment-behavior" model to assist dec~sion-making in a design process

~ ...

19\

Continuation of this morning's symposium on En-vironment, Behaviour and Design Theory

.... ~ ...

thursday / jeudi ROOM SALLE

c

Caf. Caf.

c

Caf. TIME HEURE 09.00-12.30 10.30-11.00 12.30-13.30 13.30-17.00 15.00-15.30 JULY SYMPOSIUM (continuation of wednesday pm) RESEARCH UTILIZATION

(Utilisation des données de recherches) Organizer and chair: Joost van Andel Co-organizer: Gary T. Moore

Contributors: see wednesday pm - room C

~ ..

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.

ECOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY (Psychologie de l'écologie)

7

Organizers and chairs: Lenelis Kruse and Gerhard Kaminski - introduction

Contributors (in alphabetical order): Robert Bechtel

Back to the future •••• again. A perspective on ecological psychology

Urs Fuhrer

Learning how to act in behavior settings: the ca-se of newcomers

Gerhard Kaminski

The psychological experiment as a beha vi or set-ting genotype

Lenelis Kruse

Beha vior settings, cogni ti ve scripts, Iinguistic frames

Volker Linneweber

Jeopardizing patterns of settings: deviations and deviation counterings

~

.

..

thursday / jeudi ROOM SALLE D Caf. Cai. D Caf. TIME HEURE 09.00-12.30 10.30-11.00 12.30-13.30 13.30-17.00 15.00-15.30 JULY

7

SYMPOSIUM

ASPECTS PHENOMENOLOGIQUES DU CHEZ-SOl

(Phenomenological aspects of the home environ-ment)

Organisateur et président: Gilles Barbey - intro-duction

Contribueurs (en ordre alphabétique): Pascal Amphoux

Le chez-soi, un espace prop re et un temps para-doxal

Gilles Barbey

Esquisse de la relation affective au chez-soi Anne Buttimer

Phénix, Faust, Narclsse: à la recherche du chez-soi

Carl Graumann

Towards a phenomenology of being at home Perla Korosec-Serfaty

Le chez-soi: secret et proximité de l'autre Maurice Sauzet

La phénoménologie sensorielle comme référence du projet d'architecture

Maria Ville1a-Petit

Le chez-soi: espace et identité

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HOUSING (network meeting) ,...~, ...

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friday / vendredi ROOM SALLE A Cai. Cai. TIME HEURE 09.00-12.30 10.30-11.00 12.30-13.30 JULY SYMPOSIUM ENVIRONMENT AL STRESS (Stress dû à l'environnement)

8

Organizer and ~hair: Rikard KÜller - introduc-tion

Contributors (in alphabetical order):

Gary Moore, M. Palsane, Stephen Lepore, Janaea

Martin

Crowding and sodal support Rikard KÜller

Environmental activation of old persons suffering from senile dementia

Byron Mikellides

Colour and psychological arousal

Daniel Stokols, Arza Churchman, Cathy Kawasa-ki, Janaea Martin, Renee Nishimoto, Beth Quinn, Ted Scharf, Marianne Seifert, Steven 'iright Stress and people at work: the impact of reloca-tion

~

.

.

friday / vendredi ROOM SALLE A Caf. TIME HEURE 13.30-15.30 15.30-16.00 JULY

8

SYMPOSIUM

THE ROLE OF THE HISTORICAL ANALYSES IN THEORY, RESEARCH AND PRACTICE TO PEO-PLE AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS

(Le role de l'analyse historque dans les recher-ches sur l'homme et son environnement)

Organizer and chair: Maxine WoHe - introduction Contributors (in alphabetical order):

Gert Gröning

Research in open space planning - From belief to sodal sdence

Jamie Horwitz

The history of technology and domestic life Anthony D. King

Ideo1ogy and environments: critical histories and historical critiques

Leanne Rivlin

The history of homelessness

Maxine Wolfe

The history of changes in children's institutions and act ion research

friday / vendredi ROOM SALLE B Caf. Caf. TIME HEURE 09.00-12.30 10.30-11.00 12.30-13.30 JULY SYMPOSIUM

OFFICES AND OFFICE SYSTEMS (Bureaux et systèmes d'équipement)

8

Organizer and chair: Andreas F. van Wagenberg-introduction

Co-organizer: Robert W. Marans Contributors (in alphabetic order):

Alan Hedge

Investigating the "Sick building syndrome" in of-fices: methodological and conceptual issues Herbert van Hoogdalem

Sick buildings in the Netherlands

Robert Marans

Effects of different lighting designs on the office worker's perceptions of the visual environment Andreas van Wagenberg

Environmental psychological research integrated in the redesign of an office environment: the ca-se of a design office

Ronald Wilmes

Facilities management based upon environmental technological research

Jean W ineman

Reconceptualizing the workplace to support emerging mode Is of organizational effectiveness

~

.

.

....

. .

friday / vendredi

ROOM

SALLE

B Caf.

TIME

HEURE

13.30-15.30 15.30-16.00 JULY

8

SYMPOSIUM

ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY IN THE THIRD WORLD

(Méthodology et théorie dans Ie Tiers Monde) Organizer and chair: David Canter - introduction Contributors (in alphabetical order):

Setha Low

Culture, polities and the plaza: an ethnographie approach to the study of urban public spaces in Latin Ameriea

Circe Monteiro

An environmental approach to Shantytown urba-nisation in developing countries

Henry Sanoff

Housing strategies for South Afriea's future Graham Tipple

Low income housing and world-view in Asante: problems and possibilities for policy in Kumasi, Ghana

Javier Ubrina-Soria

Latin America priorities in environmental psy-chology

~ ...

friday

I

vendredi ROOM SALLE C Caf. Caf. TIME HEURE 09.00-12.30 10.30-11.00 12.30-13.30 JULY

8

SYMPOSIUM

CHANGING NOTIONS OF LANDSCAPE AND lTS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE SOCIAL AND SPA-TIAL ENVIRONMENT

(Paysage: évolution des idées et implications pour l'environnement sodal et spatial).

Organizer and chair: Gert Gröning - introduction Contributors (in alphabetical order):

Helen Annstrong

Changing notions of the landscape - the avenue in the new world, its sodal and spatial implications Eivor Bucht

From a place for recreation to a scheme for re-creation - the failure of a goaloriented approach to open space design in Sweden

Jan Coeterier

Changing notions of landscape: seven causes of alienation

Michael Conan

A picturesque tour of landscape sodology Gerhard Gröning

Changing notions of landscape and its implica-tions for the sodal and spatial environment Joachim Wolschke-Bulmahn

The fear of the new landscape: aspects of the perception of landscape in the german bourgeois youth mouvement between 1900 and 1933

~ ..

f©\

friday / vendredi ROOM

SALLE

c

Caf. TIME HEURE 13.30-15.30 15.30-16.00 JULY

8

SYMPOSIUM

PERCEIVING, COGNIZING AND MEMORIZING THEAFFORDANCESOFTHEENVmONMENT (Perception, cognition et mémorisation de l'envi-ronnement)

Organizer and chair: Klaus Landwehr - introduc

-tion

Contributors (in alphabetical order): Giovanna Axia

Language and rorientation: memory for route elements in verbal descriptions by children and adults

Anders BÖÖk

The role of the perspective recognition of real-life scenes

K1aus Landwehr

Wayfinding with and without signs Sefen Lengyel and Norbert Hammer Do we only see what we already know ? Design research by eye-movement recording Mark May

Methods for studying mental representations of real world environments

/~ ....

friday

I

vendredi ROOM TIME SALLE HEURE D 09.00-12.30 Caf. 10.30-11.00 Caf. 12.30-13.30 D 13.30-15.30 Caf. 15.30-16.00 JULY SYMPOSIUM

GREEN SOLAR ARCHITECTURE (Architecture solaire)

8

Organizer and chair: Dieter Schempp - introduc-tion

Contributors (in alphabetic order): Jürgen Frantz

Interior gardening Friedrich Grimme

Progress achieved in the development of the so-lar aperture

Winfried Klimesch

An administration building according to the prin-ciples of "Green solar architecture" (GSA) Martin Krampen

Differences between glasshouse office and office landscal?e

Fred Mollring

The transfer of technology to solar architecture Dimitri Procos

Does street orientation have an effect on passive solar heating ?

Dieter Schempp

Future scope of green solar architecture (GSA) Gerhard Steiner

T echnology and glass

WOMEN AND ENVIRONMENTS:

LOOKING BACK AT RESEARCH, LOOKING FORWARD TO CHANGE

(Les femmes et l'environnement) Organizers, chairs and contributors: Sherry Ahrentzen and Denise Piché ~ ... .

3

Detailed programme of papersessions/

Programme détaillé des séances de

communications

wednesday / mercredi ROOM SALLE 1 2 TIME HEURE 13.30-17.00 13.30 14.00 14.30 15.00-15.30 15.30 16.00 16.30 13.30-17.00 13.30 14.00 14.30 15.00-15.30 15.30 16.00 16.30 JULY

6

PAPER SESSIONS SEANCES DE COMMUNICATIONS

HOUSING: PAR TICIPA TION AND REHABILIT A-TION

(Chair: Arza Churchman) Dean Adjukovic

Some correlates of housing types preferences Rachel Kaplan

Environmental preferences and public participa-tion

Arza Churchman, S. Neaman

Resident participation in neighbourhood programs

I'"~' ••...•.

~

Naomi Carmon

Self-help improvement of public housing Jean-Michel Léger

Are you satisfied with your dwelling ? Valerie Symes

Rehabilitation of post-war public housing PERCEPTION ET SYMBOLISME (en franç:ais) (président: Franç:ois GriveI)

Marc Crunelle

Perception tactile des sols Piera St..-uri

Milieux artificiels

Franç:ois Grivel, G. Wittersheim

La chaleur jugée dans Ie bruit, Ie bruit jugé à la

chaleur

~ ...

Patrick Péruch, Marie-Dominique Giraudo Informatisation et planification des déplacements dans un système de radio-taxis parisiens

Jules-Gérard Simon

L'architecture comme système des significations Nold Egenter

Le style à l'origine de la naissance des faç:ades

wednesday / mercredi ROOM SALLE 3 3 TIME

HE URE

13.30-15.00 13.30 14-.00 14-.30 15.00-15.30 15.30-17.00 15.30 16.00 16.30 JULY

6

PAPER SESSIONS SEANCES DE COMMUNICATIONS

DEVELOPMENTS IN ENVIRONMENT/BEHA VI-OUR RESEARCH

(chair: Roger Chouinard)

Stephen Kaplan

Uses of the past: enhancing cognition and envi-ronment by incorporating historical information

Enric Pol

Environmental psychology in Europe

Roger Chouinard

Looking back to the future through the looking glass of the present

,...~ ...

~

EXHIBITION ENVIRONMENTS (chair: Udel Cohen)

Jon Sanford, Ted Finlay

The effect of exhibits signage on visitor behavior

Krzystof Lenartowitcz, Jacek Czekai, Witold Gawlowski

Silesian museum in Katowice

Uriel Cohen

The new museum: new roles, new experiences, new forms

thursday / jeudi ROOM SALLE 1 1 1 TIME HEURE 09.00-10.30 09.00 09.30 10.00 10.30-11.00 11.00-12.30 11.00 11.30 12.00 12.30-13.30 13.30-17.00 13.30 14.00 14.30 15.00-15.30 15.30 16.00 JULY PAPER SESSIONS SEANCES DE COMMUNICATIONS WORK ENVIRONMENTS (chair: William Voelker) William Voelker

7

Open office planning and design reflecting orga-nizational and technological changes in the work-place

Satoshi Kose, Toshimoto Miyata

Personalization of narrow office room space in a research institution

Paul Heimplaetzer, Floor Koorneef

Functional safety in hospital building design

.~""''''

GENDER AND CUL TURAL DtFFERENCES (chair: Suzanne Kretschmann)

Vana Tentokali, Sandra Howell

A cross-cultural analysis of the domestic privacy: from a gender point

Hatice Ferhan Kilical

House design and Saudi women Suzanne Kretschmann

Are there sex-related differences in housing wishes ?

HOUSING THE UNDERPRIVILEGED (chair: Tetsuo Seguchi)

Yurdanur Aksoylu

Changing concepts of privacy, territoriality and crowding in houses in cross-cultural perspective Sudipa Nandi Desmukh, S.K. Dasgupta

A comparative study of psychological and social effects of living in high and low density housing T etsuo Seguchi

Homelessness and assistance measures in Japan

~

...

, ....

C§0

Ramesh Manandhar Housing in the Pacific Ranvinder Singh Sandhu

Caste, income and housing among the slumdweI-lers

thursday / jeudi ROOM SALLE 2 TIME HEURE 09.00-12.30 09.00 09.30 10.00 10.30-11.00 11.00 11.30 12.00 12.30.13.30 13.30 14.00 14.30 15.00-15.30 15.30 JULY PAPER SESSIONS SEANCES DE COMMUNICATIONS

PERCEPTION AND SYMBOLISM (chair: Tom Mitchell)

Tom Mitchell

7

Time perception and the processing of infor ma-tion

Carlamaria del Miglio, Anna Nenci, Silvestro

Pa-luzzi, Daniela Pastora, Giorgio T esta

Body image and graphic representation of the en-vironment

Jörg Huber

Artefacts and personal symbolism

~ ..

Thomas Römhild

Artificial lighting interpreted as a system of symbols

Erminielda Peron, Maria Baroni, Gesualdo Zucco The effects of salience and typicality of objects upon their recollection

Urs Kalbermatten, Sandro Looser, Ladislav Va-lach

The session of the Swiss national council on "dy-ing forests"

f/©\

Ahmet Alp

Experimental methods for a systematic evalua-tion of the architectonic environment

Paolo Bonaiuto, Anna Maria Giavanni, Marino Bonaiuto

The power of mental schemata in determining the visual appearance of buildings

David L. Uzzell

Psychological dimensions of planned and traditio-nal shopping centres

~ ...

Martin Koeppl

Representation and the enactment of sodal ideals

thursday / jeudi ROOM SALLE 3 TIME HEURE 13.30-17.00 13.30 14.00 14.30 15.00-15.30 15.30 16.00 JULY PAPER SESSIONS SEANCES DE COMMUNICATIONS

ENVIRONMENTS FOR SPECIAL GROUPS (chair: Tommy Gärling)

Kim B1akely

7

Parents' conception of safety in a neighborhood Tommy Gärling, Anita Gär1ing, Eva Mauritzson-Sandberg

Mothers' cognitive representations of young childrens' accident risks in the home

Pia Björklid

Children and road safety

~,

.

.

Henry Sanoff, Joan Sanoff

Participatory program ming of a campus child de-velopment ficility

Eva Mauritzson-Sandberg, Lennart Sandberg Childrens' psychological reactions to wearing respiratory protective devices

thursday / jeudi ROOM SALLE 4 TIME HEURE 09.00-12.30 09.00 09.30 10.00 10.30-11.00 11.00 11.30 12.00 12.30-13.30 13.30 14.00 14.30 15.00-15.30 15.30 JULY

7

PAPER SESSIONS SEANCES DE COMMUNICATIONS

GARDENS, LANDSCAPE, TOWNPLANNING (chair: Marc Francis)

Henk Staats

Landscape evaluation: explaining the psychologi-cal process

Jussi Rautsi

Alvar Aalto's urban plans 1940-1970

Mark Francis

Gardens in the mind and in the heart

~ ...

Koichi Amano, Osamu Shinohara

Etude de l'évolution du paysage de l'avenue de Ginza

Masami Kobayashi, Kiyoshi Kawasaki

Analysis of approach design in Daitoku - Ji Tem-ple, Kyoto

Jasmine Pinard

Shinsui Koen, des égouts au parc de loisirs

Yoichi Kubota

Evaluative differentiation of riverscape

Nobuhiro Suzuki, Yoshihiro Kondo and Toshio

Tsuhina

A survey of water imagery

Yoshio Nakamura, Shin-Ichi Kitamura, Ushio Sai-to and Yasushi Onodera

Landscape design and implementation for the ri-ver banks at Hiroshima

,....~ .... ,." .. , ..

~

George van der Meulen

T ABLE T, an adapted approach for analysis of the use of land and floorspace in urban areas in deve-loping countries

friday / vendredi ROOM SALLE 1 TIME HEURE 09.00-15.30 09.00 09.30 10.00 10.30-11.00 11.00 11.30 12.00 12.30-13.30 13.30 14.00 14.30 15.00 JULY

8

PAPER SESSIONS SEANCES DE COMMUNICATIONS

ARCHITECTURAL THEORY, HISTORY AND EDUCATION

(chair: Alan Lipman) Andrzej Niezabitowski

Architecture and the need for security Katharina Weresch

Bibliography of architectural sociology Edward Hulsbergen

Which spaces for whom ?

~ ... .

Joseph Grange

Environmental ethics and the need for a catego-rial scheme

Kim Dovey

Place, ideology and postmodernism Howard Harris, AJan Lipman

Form and content in contemporary architecture

1({;5)\

Reid Bishop

Environmental psychology and local history Titi -Papadopoulou, Eleni Seferzi

Architectural forms and social groups Yurika Imai

Analysis of the design process Martin Symes

friday / vendredi ROOM SALLE 2 TIME HEURE 09.00-15.00 09.00 09.30 10.00 10.30-11.00 11.00 11.30 12.00 12.30-13.30 13.30 14.00 14.30 JULY

8

PAPER SESSIONS SEANCES DE COMMUNICATIONS

THE NEIGHBOURHOOD: lTS PERCEPTION, IDENTITY AND QUALITY

{chair: Marc Fried} Roberta Feldman

Psychological bounds with types of settiements Marc Fried

Place identity: psychological origins and adaptive consequences

Wolfgang Plöger, Marco Lalli

Urban self presentation and residential identifi-cation

~

.

.

Robert Mugerauer

Housing, community and landscape in the Ameri-can suburb

Jordi Freixes, M. Juanaola, J. MouUevi,

s.

Valera

The Barcelona district's look

. Carlo Bagnasco, Mirilia Bonnes, Maria Giuliani, Giuseppina Rul0

Objective and subjective aspects of the quality of urban environment

Anne Faure, Yves Trochel, Thomas Priestley La cartographie perceptive

Mirilia Bonnes, Anna de Rosa, Rita Ardone Perception of the quality of the residential envi-ronment and temporal dimension of the residen-tial experience

Thomas Priestley

Study of the effects of an electric transmission line on perceived neighborhood quality

friday / vendredi ROOM SALLE 3 TIME HEURE 09.00-15.00 09.00 09.30 10.00 10.30-11.00 11.00 11.30 12.00 12.30-13.00 13.30 1lj..00 JULY

8

PAPER SESSIONS SEANCES DE COMMUNICATIONS

ENVIRONMENTS FOR SPECIAL GROUPS (chair: Clare Cooper-Marcus)

Vance Trieschmann

Environment? Behavior? Clare Cooper-Marrus

Pink Palace to Rosa Park Towers Bettye Connell

Opportunities for EB-research on faBs among the

elderly

~ ...

Cees Aarts, Piet Evenblij

Man and measure, why ?

Hans-Joachim Harloff

SmaB nets as learning experience Julia Robinson

Institution and home

(chair: Hans-Joachim Harloff)

Rotraut Walden-Hutter

Intentions of architects, appropriation and

well-being in innovative single-family housing projects

Rosalyn Moran

Distance working and electronic homework

Hiroshi Shinobe, T etsuo Seguchi

A study of the adjustment of the district with the

friday / vendredi ROOM TIME SALLE HEURE 4 09.00-15.30 09.00 09.30 10.00 10.30-11.00 11.00 11.30 12.00 12.30-13.30 13.30 14-.00 14.30 JULY PAPER SESSIONS SEANCES DE COMMUNICATIONS

THE HOME AND lTS MEANINGS (chair: Tommy Gärllng)

Judith Sixsmith

Remembering the world Gilles Verpraet

8

Housing: toward a model of neighbourhood rela-tions

Roderick Lawrence

Transformations in domesticity, household demo-graphy and dwelling designs

~ ...

Andrew Sixsmith

Unemployed at home: prison or refuge ? Maria Giuliani, Giuseppina Rullo

Territorial organization of domestic spa ce in dif-ferent types of households

Erik Lindberg, Tommy Gärling, Henry Montgome-ry

A study of residential preferences and choices

l©\

(chair: Roderick Lawrence) Toomas Niit

A methodological model for studying families in dwelling environments

Lisa Horelli

The meaning and the role of physlcal environ-ment in housing

Christos Saccopoulos

Design of a summer house on Kyhnis·

4

Abstracts of Symposia/

Résumés des Symposiums

Organizer and chair: Joost van Andel / Co-organizer: Gary T. Moore

1

RESEARCH UTILIZA nON

(Utilization des données de recherche)

Contributors: J. van Andel; I. Aravot; P. Ellis; R. Hamel; D. Joiner; G.T. Moore; P. Newland; J. Powell; Chr. Reed; H. Sanoff; J. Sime; M. Symes; Y. Tzamir

Introduction

Organizer: dr. Joost van Andel , Eindhoven University of Technology. HG 9.50, PO BOX 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands.

Co-organizer & discussant: dr. Gary Moore, Department of Architecture, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, PO BOX 413, Wisconsin 53201, USA.

Looking back, we see th at the transfer of results from research in environment-behaviour studies to practical people, for instance designers and policy makers, is an old problem. Researchers are accused of studying the wrong problems; and practical men are asking the wrong questions. Different reasons for this miscommunication have been given and a number of possible solutions have been proposed.

In this symposium eight speakers will trest different parts of this problem. Tzamir & Aravot will stress the role of the different spheres of knowledge of architects and researchers. Hamel will present an ernpirically tested model of the design process, while Symes pays most-attention to the complexity and diversity of architects information needs. Each of the next five speakers will elaborate up on a specific method or technique to improve the communication between researchers and architects. Both Joiner and Sanoff will speak ab out the implementation of participation of various interested partys in the design process. Ellis will stress the use of 'sodal episodes' as a research technique. Both van Andel and Sime a.o. will discuss the potentialS of computerized techniques, respectively of videodisc-systems and of expert-systems.

The symposium consists of short individual presentations and/or dernon-stratio.ns, concluded by a general discussion between participants and the au dien ce of about 45 minutes.

Abstracts of contributors

Peter ElUs, Organisational Psychoiogist, 37c Prince of Wales Road, London NW5, Great Britain.

THE USEFULNESS OF RESEARCH ON SOCIAL EPISODES

This paper will discuss the usefulness to designers and planners of research which addresses itself to social episodes. This type of research

has been common in European social psychology for the past ten years, but has been hardly used by environmental researchers.

Social episode research attempts to analyse discreet social events in terms of the roles of the partlcipants and the rules which govern social behaviour, using partlcipants' own accounts of these events as primary data.

The way in which this methodology can be appl1ed to yield useful informatlon for designers and planners, will be dicussed with reference to a multl-natlonal research project on office planning in which the author is currently engaged.

Joost van Andel, Department of Social Sciences HG 9.50, Eindhoven

University of Technology, PO BOX 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, Netherlands. EXPERT SYSTEMS IN ENVIRONMENT AL PSYCHOLOGY

The knowledge gathered through research in environmental psychology is not optimally used by designers and other people working in appl1ed settlngs such as pol1tlcians and civil servants. In this paper a number of causes and possible improvements of this situation will be discussed. Two aspects are highlighted in partlcular: the structure and the

presenta-tlon of informapresenta-tlon. A recent development to present knowledge from

environmental psychology is the use of computerized lnformation systems

or expert systems. Limitatlons and possibilltles of expert systems in

general and for environmental psychology in partlcular will be discussed. The issue is illustrated with parts of an expert system on the design of children's play environments using the pattern language as a structure to present informatlon efficiently and attractlvely to designers.

Jonathan Sime, James Powell, paul Newland, Chris Reed; School of

Architecture, Portsmouth Polytechnlc, King Henry 1 Street, Portsmouth POl 2DY, Great Britain.

ENVIRONMENT-BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND INFORMATION TRANSFER

With the advent of new informatlon technology wh at for many years has been known as the 'appl1cability gap' between research and design, is currently receiving attentlon under the heading of 'information transfer'. While rapid informatlon retrieval systems operated by computer are

becoming available, there still is insufficient understanding of the

relatlonship between research informatlon and the design process. While researchers might decry the architectural profession for not making use of publ1shed research informatlon, and designers might critlcise resear-chers for ignoring the type of information they feel they most need, effectlve appl1catlon of environment-behaviour research in design will only be achieved by an appreciatlon of the reciprocal importance of

research

!2...

design and design

!2...

research. Central to the problem of

informatlon transfer is insufficient attentlon to the physical environment

and the design process in environment-behaviour studies. a lack of research tradition in architectural education. a decreasing willingness to absorb specialist information in any detail as a student progresses through an architectural course and, in particular, insufficient reference to environment-behaviour findings, and indeed other design science research, in the criteria used by the architectural profession to evaluate what a 'good' or 'bad' building is. Bearing in mind the particular problems of research information not being in a form which archltects are predisposed or readily able to use when designing. a microcomputer design research program (contextual fit in housing design), a video-disc 'building event' simulation (escape from burning buUdings) and a video-disc information and educational package (on energy saving design), all developed at the School of Architecture, Portsmouth, are discussed. The visual impact and interactive nature of these information retrieval, experiential and learning packages. enable deSigners and buUding users to begin to understand the research and design process in a way that has previously been very difficult before. The advantages and limitations of such information systems are likely to have for the future application of

environment-behaviour research in design and policy making, are outlined.

Gary T. Moore, Ph.D. Program in Archltecture and center for Architecture

and Urban Planning Research, University of Wisconsin-MUwaukee,

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA.

DISCUSSION: TWO-COMMUNITY AND ONE-COMMUNITY THEORIES AS MEANS FOR THINKING ABOUT RESEARCH UTILIZATION

The papers in this session are of two types, with a possible middle

ground. Working with Min Byung-Ho on hls Ph.D. dissertation in

architec-ture, we have to come to the realization there appear to be two main approaches to resolving the utilization question. Two-community theory is based on the notion th at research and practice are separate (read:

"transfer." "communication, " "information requirements," "channels of

imfluence," "use of knowiedge, " "informing design," "the assembly of knowiedge, " and "design guides"). One-community theory, on the other hand, is based on the notion th at research and practice are integrated (read: "participation, " "share experiences and negotiate priorities, " "direct involvement of the public, " and "organized and participatory approach"). The advantages and limitations of these two approaches will be explored

by reference to the work presented in the papers of this symposium.

Martin Symes, Bartlett School of Architecture and Planning, University

College London, Gower Street, London, WCI E6BT, Great Britain.

ARCHITECTS INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS

This paper suggests that some of the difficulties of research utilisation in

The architectural design process may be seen as proceeding through a series of sub-processes: briefing, design, implementatlon, evaluatlon. In each sub-process, designers and their collaborators generate a set of 'hypotheses' and th en test them, drawing conclusions for further actlon. As this technical work is carried out, members of the design team must interact with each other and with 'outsiders', so naturally their behaviour affects the decisions which are made. In any of the sub-processes of design, architects and their collaborators may thus need information concerning possible 'hypotheses' , concerning testlng mechanisms or concerning the behavioural context wlthin whlch they are working. In some instances they may need informatlon of more than one kind. Clearly it would be of interest to the research community to establlsh a

full empirical classification of the informatlon requirements of each sub-process. This paper will therefore use case studies written over the last five years by the au thor and his colleagues to indicate the types of result which could be obtained.

Interestlngly these partlcular data suggest that soc1al and psychological research is of ten not available when it is most needed.

Duncan JOiner, Architectural Division, Ministery of Works and Develop-ment, PO BOX 12-041, Wellington, New Zealand

DESIGNERS PARTICIPATING IN RESEARCH

The experience of New Zealand Ministery of Works and Development architects with post-occupancy evaluatlon techniques has suggested that the keys to ensuring utilizatlon of research in design are processes of partlcipation and soc1al negotiation. They are developing a range of consultancy techniques and an organizational structure for their practlce which recognise these processes.

Consultants worklng with the Ministery's architects have been reviewing publlc bUilding dellvery in New Zealand, and the review has focused on the problems of informing design from research. Research, and the assembly of soc1al and technical knowledge do not easlly form an intrinsic part of the creatlve processes of design, wh ere designers draw largelyon

. direct personal experience in preference to documented information. The Ministery has extenslve technical resources and well developed post-occupancy evaluatlon methods which lncorporate beha vi ou ral informatlon into the technical knowledge base. But the technical resources are under-utilized, and the reports from post'-occupancy evaluatlons are not widely applled to new design projects. Architects participatlng in evaluatlons are however enthusiastlc about the enriching learning experlence they provide, not only from the buildings evaluated, but from how other partlcipants in the evaluatlons respond to buildlngs.

The review has recommended changes to working methods to gain the beneflts evident in the participatory post-occupancy evaluation process. Instead of further reflnement of documented data and design guides, emphasis is being placed on other interest groups to share their experien-ces, thereby providing a common basis for agreeing up on building performance rather than establishing normatlve or prescriptive criteria.

Participatory post-occupancy evaluation methods are being extended and adapted as techniques for programming and designing new bulldings and for their management through construction stages.

The review has also shown th at succesful transfer of research information into design requires a supportive organizational structure. Among the organizational changes made to provide this support has been the establishment of a Practice Support Group. The Practice Support Group provides a network of experts and an accompanying design information service. It enables designers to participate directly in bringing research knowledge to design. It en ab les them to share their experiences and to negotiate their priorities for research.

Henry Sanoff, School of Design, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, NC 27650, USA.

INTEGRATING RESEARCH AND DESIGN PARTICIPATION: NEW PARADIGM FOR THE FUTURE

Architecture in the future may be characterized by an increasing par-ticipation of the user in lts organizational and formal definition. This is evident from the work of the last two decades where there has been a considerable movement towards the direct involvement of the public in the definition of their environment.

A review of the theories and practices of participation suggest that the architects job is no longer to produce finished and unalterable solutions, but to extract solutions from a continuous confrontation wlth those who will use his/her work. The architects energy and imagination will be completely directed to raising the level of awareness of clients/users in the discussion, where the solution generated from this approach will need to be made 'transparent' so that the decisions are understood by all the people who made them.

In order to respond to th is situation examples will illustrate how ar-chitects will need to do everything possible to make design solutions more the representation of lts users even though difficultiesarise in applying the concept of particlpation in the dec1sion maklng process such as the organizational and methodological pro bI ems of the process itself. The potential benefits offered by an organized participatory approach, effecting the community, the users, and the architect are numerous and constitute logical, technological and economic ten ets for it's use. Yigal Tzamir & Iris Aravot, Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning Technion University, Halfa 32000, Israel.

ARCHITECTURE AND E-B RESEARCH - THE GAP OF KNOWLEDGE

The ma in stream of research on relations between people and their physical surroundings is still expected to set up scientific support to

•

architecture and environmental design. In spite of the ongoing strive for communication between the disciplines, this aim has not been achieved yet.

This paper intends to examine the problem from a theoretical point of view, in order to clarify that miscommunication is not a consequence of instrumental or methodological deficiencies, but can be explained by the inherent gap between different spheres of knowiedge.

The discussion is based up on a model of knowledge (alter G. Ryle, 1946). This model, applied to architecture, shows the potential channels of communication between specific spheres of knowledge in architecture and E-B studies,

The results of this analysis negate the very basic premise held by both E-B scientists and architects, that direct utilization of research results in architectural practice is possible and desirabie.

The paper concludes by illustrating the nature of different channels of influence between architects and E-B scientists.

Ronaid Hamel, Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Weesperplein 8, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

STAGES OF THE DESIGN PROCESS AND THE USE OF INFORMATION

The intake and processing of information by architects was studied by analysing the protocols of twelve architects who worked on a design thinking aloud. The analysis was carried out using a descriptive model of the design process.

The model itself is based on the analysis of the task and a psychological analysis of the capacities and limitations of the designer. It expllcitly describes the activities, the use of knowiedge, and the intake of informa-tion during each part .of the process.

Some of the practical implications for environment-behaviour research concerning the choice of the phenomena to be studied, the communication of research findings, and the reception of the information as a function of both the knowledge of the designer and the stage of the process will be discussed in more detail.

Organsateur et président: Gilles Barbey

ASPECTS PHENOMENOLOGIQUES DU CHEZ-SOI

(Phenomenological aspects of the home environment)

2

Contributors : P. Amphouxj G. BarbeYj A. Buttimerj C. Graumannj P. Koro-sec-SerfatYj M. Sauzetj M. VilleJa-Petit.

Introduction

Abstracts of contributors

Pascal Amphoux, Institut de Recherche truit, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Anglaise 14, 1006 Lausanne - Suisse

sur l'Environnement Cons-Lausanne, Avenue

Eglise-LE CHEZ-SOl, UN ESPACE PROPRE ET UN TEMPS PARADQXAL

Plus que Ie "chez-soi" que nous ne pouvons définir de manière absolue, c'est Ie "sentiment du chez-soi" que nous éprouvons au plus pro fond de notre être et qu'il s'agit de "dire".

De fait, Ie chez-soi n'est pas un concept monovalent mais une notion floue qu'on ne peut ressaisir que de manière indirecte et par des moyens détournés. Sa richesse sémantique repose en fran-çais sur l'ambiguïté fondamentale qu'elle entretient sur l'inti-mité du logement et celle de la personne. Ni objet, ni sujet, el Ie relève très directement des principes d'une approche phénoménolo-gique. En d'autres termes, il ne s'agit ni de chercher à définir Ie chez-soi en soi, ni de prétendre qu'il n'y a de chez-soi que pour soi, mais il s'agit de montrer comment pour soi il peut y avoir un chez-soi en soi ...

Nous aborderons cette réflexion sous l'angle des configurations spatiales et temporelIes de l'habitat, en re tenant deux arguments: - d'une part, Ie problème de la délimitation d'un espace propre, qui permettra d'aborder les questions de l'autoréférence, de la constitution d'une identité et de l'appropriation des lieux; d'autre part, l'existence d'un temps discret et paradoxal, qui permettra d'aborder les thèmes de la synchronisation, de la discontinuité et de l'immédiation des rythmes et des activités domestiques.

Du point de vue opératoire, l'espace propre sera ressa1S1 à

travers Ie concept de "motif" (entendu à la fois comme forme schématique et motivation) et connoté d'exemples recherchés dans Ie domaine de l'usage et du röle de la lumière à l'intérieur du logement; quant à l'enchevêtrement des temporalités, il Ie sera à travers Ie concept d'''effet'' (entendu à la fois comme impact psychologique et comme illusion sensorielIe) et connoté d'exemples repérés dans Ie domaine des pratiques sonores des habitants.