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Widok О классификации риторических приемое

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O KJZaccucjJuKa'l{,UU pumopu1łeCKUX

npueMoe

AnEKCAH�P TI. CKOBOPO�HMKOB (KpaCHORpCK)

B p51,Ue Haw11x ny6n11KaQ11H (CKOBOpO,UHl1KOB, KonH11Ha

2002 : 75-80,

2003 : 598-602, 2005 : 27 1 -275;

CKOBOpO,UHl1KOB

2003: 366-373, 2004: 5- 1 2

11 .up.), cq>0pMyn11poBaHa KOHQeTTQl151 p11Top111-1ecKOro np11eMa (PTI) KaK nparMaT111-1eCKl1 MOTl1B11pOBaHHOro OTKJIOHeHl151 OT HOpMbl B W11pOKOM CMblCJie C BbI)].eJieH11eM TaKl1X ero pa3HOBl1)].HOCTeH, KaK CTI1Jil1CTl1'-!eCKl1e PTI (MOTI1- B11pOBaHHbie OTKJIOHeHl151 OT co6cTBeHHO 513bIKOBbIX 11/11n11 pe'-leBblX HOpM), napanont'-leCKl1e PTI (MOTl1B11pOBaHHbie OTKJIOHeHl151 OT 3aKOHOB 11 npaBH.JI cpopMaJibHOH nor11K11), napa:nonornqecK11e PTI (MoT11B11posattttb1e OTKJIOHeHl151 OT nose.uett'-leCKl1X HOpM, BKJTIO'-la51 HOpMbl pe'-1enose.uett'-leCKl1e - JI11HrB0'.3TOJIOr11'-leCK11e) 11 napaoHTOJIOr11'-1eCKJ1e PTI (MOTJ,!BJ,!pOBaHHbie OT­ KJIOHeHl151 OT CTatt,uapTHblX npe.ucTaBJieHI1H o 6b!Tl111 - «Hal1BHOH KapT11Hbl M11pa»).

�atttta51 KOHQenQ11H PTI B QenoM ycnewtto «pa6oTaeT», TaK KaK o6na.uaeT 6onhweił o6b51CHl1TeJihHOH c11noił B cpasttett1111 c Tpa.u11Q110HHOH Teop11eił CTHJIHCTH'-leCKl1X cp11ryp ( cp11ryp pe'-111). TeM He Mettee, KaK HaM npe.u­ CTaBJI51eTC5!, OHa MO)l(eT 6bJTb YTO'-IHeHa KaK co CTOpOHbl CHCTeMHblX OCHOBaHHH, TaK łl B CMbICJie 60JibWeH BHyTpeHHeH .u11cpcpepeHQI1pOBaHHOCTl1 KOMnneKca PTI. Bo3MO)l(HOCTH TaKoro yTo'-ltteHH51 3aJIO)l(eHbI B caMoH 11.uee OHTOJIOrH'-IHOCTH HOpMbl B WHpOKOM CMbJcne.

M3BeCTHO '-IT0, «HCXO)].HOH KaTeropHeH B QlHJIOCOQlCKOM OCMbICJieHHH MHpa 51BJI51eTC51 KaTeropH51 «6bIT H51» [ . . . ] , a 6bITJ.1e «eCTb HHTerpaJibHa51 xapaKTepHCTHKa MHpa, yrnep)l()].aIO�a51 QeJIOCTHOCTb ero qepe3 cy�eCTBOBa­ HHe» (AneKcees, TiaHHH

1 998: 342). OHTOJIOrl151, KaK Ql11JIOCOQlCKOe y'-leHHe o

(2)

6bITHH, aaeT OCHOBaHHe )l)Ul WHpOKOfO - OHTOJIOfHYeCKOfO - nOHHMaHH51

KaTeropHH HOpMbl. TaK HOpMa MO)KeT 6b!Tb onpeae- netta KaK «nOH51THe, o603HaYaIOw.ee rpaHHQbl, B KOTOpbIX BeW.H, 51BJieHH51, npHpO)lHbie 11 o6w.ecTBeHHbie CHCTeMbl, BM)lbl YeJIOBeYeCKOH )leHTeJibHOCTM M o6w.eHH51 coxpaH51lOT CBOH KaYeCTBa, cpyHKQMH, cp o p M bl BOC n pOH3BO)lCTBa» (CoepeMeHHblU qn1J1ocorjJcKUU CJIOBGpb

1998: 579). B

npMHQMne 6JIM3KO K npHBe)leHHOMY no coaep)KaHJ-nO onpeaeneHHe HOpMbl KaK pO)lOBOro nOH51TM51, aattttoe H.)],. ApyTIOHOBOH: « . . . HM [TepMHHOM HOpMa - A.C.] MbI o6o3HaYaeM Bee BH)lbl 11 cpopMbl nopH)lKa, HMe51 B BHllY H ecTeCTBeHHbie HOpMbl np11pO)lbl, 11 CO3)l3HHbie YeJIOBeKOM npaBMJia M 33KOHbl. TiepBbie OTpa6aTblB3lOTC51 B CTpeMJieHHH npHpO)lbl K paBHOBecmo - Heo6XO)lHMOMY ycJIOBHIO ee cyw.eCTBOBaHHH; BTOpbie CO3)lalOTC51 B XO)le QeJieHanpaBJieHHOH )le51TeJibHOCTH YeJIOBeKa» (ApyTIOHOBa

1999: 75).

TiepBbIH war B yrnYHeHHH Hawei-1 KOHQenQHH

PTI

cocTOHT B pacnpo­ CTpa HeHHH n OH51TH51 OHTOJIOfHYeCKOH HOp M bl H, COOTBeTCTBeHHO, MOTHBHpOB3HHOfO OTKJIOHeHH51 OT 3TOH HOpMbl Ha Bee BH)lbl (THTTbI)

PTI,

a He TOJlbKO Ha O)lHH H3 HHX, KaK 3TO npe)lCTaBJI51JIOCb paHee (CM. HaYaJIO CTaTbH). TaKa.SI 3KCTpanOJI51QH51, C TOYKH 3peHH51 BbIWeO3HaYeHHOfO nOHHMaHH51 OHTOJIOfHYeCKOH HOpMbl, onpaB)l3HHa 11 aenaeT ew.e 6onee OYeBH)lHbIM eAHHCTBO KJiaCCHq>HKaQHOHHOfO OCHOBaHH51 B npe)lJiaraeMOH THTTOJIOfHH

PTI.

3aech cneayeT 3aMeTHTb, YTO OHTOJIOfH'-leCKa51 THnOJIOfH51 HOpM, Heo6XO)lHMa51 )lJI.SI KOHCTpy11poBaHH51 COOTBeTCTBYIOW.eH THTTOJIOfHH

PTI,

nO-BH)lHMOMY, MO)KeT 6hITb nocTpoeHa TOJibKO Ha OCHOBaHHH TOH HJIH HHOH cpparMeHTaQHH «HaHBHOH KapTHHhl MHpa», OC03HaHHOH Ha ypoBHe «3)lpaBoro C M bICJia», TTOCKOJi b K Y MHOfOYHCJieHHbie Q)HJIOCOQ)CKHe OHTOJIOfH'-leCKHe y'-leHH51 )lOBOJibHO npoTHBOpe'-IHBbl 11 CJIHWKOM a6cTpaK­ THbl )lJI51 <<HaJIO)KeHH51» HX Ha TOT HJIH HHOH HaQHOHaJibHblH )lHCKypc (xapaKTepHCTHKY OHTOJIOfHYeCKHX yYeHHH B QeJIOM 11 BbI)leJieHHe ypoBHeH 6bITH51, B YaCTHOCTH, CM., HanpHMep, B KH.: CoepeMeHHblU rjJwwcorjJCKuu CJIOBapb

1 998: 608-609;

C11oeapb rjJwwcorjJcKUX mepMUHOB

2004: 388-391 ;

CoepeMeHHaR 3anaOHaR rjJu11ocorjJuR: CnoBapb

1 99 1 : 21 9-222;

AneKceeB, TiaHHH

1998: 342-508

H ap.). Hy)KHO TaK)Ke HMeTb B BHllY HCKJilOYHTeJibHYIO aHTponoQeHTpHYHOCTb KaTeropHH

PTI

KaK TaKOBOH, YTO He MO)KeT He CKa3aTbC51 Ha BbI6ope cxeMbl YaCTHblX OHTOJIOfHH, KOTOpa51 KJia)leTC51 B ocH0BaH11e KnaccHcp11KaQHH

PTI.

Da3Y peYeBbIX cpaKTOB )lJUl HCCJieAOBaHmI COCTaBHIDf B OCHOBHOM aHeK)lOTbl, TTOCKOJlbKY '3TOT )KaHp npH CBOeH ManocpopMaTHOCTH, npe)lCTaB- JI51IOW.eH

(3)

0

KJIQCCUqJUKQl,fUU pumopui-1ecKUX npueM08 AflEKCAHAP n. CKOBOPOAHHKOB HeMaITb1e y.n.o6CTBa .nrui 11ccne.n.0Batt1rn PTI (p11Top114ecKaS1 cpyHKQl1SI np11eMa 'łaCTo pearr113yeTcsi B QerroM TeKcTe pe'łeBoro npo113Be.n.eH11S1, a ecrr11 3TO Qerroe Marrom o6beMa, TO 11 HarJU1JJ.HO B HeM penpe3eHT11pyeTcsi), o6rra.uaeT 6oIThllll1M TeMaT11'-łeCKl1M pa3H006pa311eM, OTpa)l(aIOI..Ql1M MHOr11e acneKTbl 6bITl1SI, KOTOpbie npe}].CTaBJieHbl B TeKCTax aHeKJ].OTOB B TpaHccpopM11pOBaHHOM (HaMepeHHO 11CKa)l(eHHOM) B11}].e. Crre.n.oBaTeJibHO, caMa npHpo.n.a 3TOro )l(aHpa KaK 6bI n p e.n.Ha 3HaY eHa J].JISI pellleHHSI CTOSII..Q eH n epe.n. Ha M 11 KJiaCCH<pHKaQHOHHOH 3aJ].a'łH. TionyTHO (KaK 3a}].a'ła BToporo nopSIJJ.Ka) BbUIBJUleTCSI KOMnrreKC PTI, HCnOJib3yeMblX B aHeK,ll.0Tax, 'łT0 TaK)l(e npe.n.­ CTaBJISieT onpe.n.erreHHblH 11HTepec, TaK KaK B J]..QBOJibHO MHOrO'łHCJieHHblX ny6rrHKaQHSIX, n0CBSII..QeHHbIX aHeKJ].OTY KaK )l(aHpy, npH HCCJieJ].OBaHHl1 ero Sl3blKOBbIX oco6eHHOCTeH TaKaSI 3a}].a'ła, HaCKOJibKO HaM H3BeCTHO, B nOJIH0M o6beMe He CTaB1,rnacb (cM. HanpHMep: Mecponoaa

1999;

KypraHOB

1997;

<l>e)].OCIOK

2000;

,ll,eMeHTbeB, Ce.n.OB

1998: 8 1-95;

lllMeJieBa, lllMeneB

1999:

350-358, 2000: 587-595, 2002: 31-42;

Jlett}].BaH

2001

H .n.p.).

B

HCCJie}].OBaHHH 6bIJIH HCnOJib30BaHbl TeKCTbl TbICSl'łH aHeKJ].OTOB, ony6nHKOBaHHbIX B COBpeMeHHbIX poCCHHCKHX ra3eTax. TipH'-IeM nOCKOJibKY B ra3eTax no.n. py6pHKOH «AHeK,ll.OTbl» ny6JIHKYIOTCSI TeKCTbl He TOJibKO aHeKJ].OTOB, HO H .n.pyrHX ManocpopMaTHbIX )l(aHpOB (o nocne,ll,HHX CM.: CKOBOpO,ll,HHKOB

2002:

43-47;

,ll, a M M

2003),

3aMeTH M , 'łTO no.n. aHeKJ].OTO M Mbl n OHHMaeM ManocpopMaTHbIH HappaTHBHbIH KOMH'łeCKHH )KaHp, npe.n.cTaBJUIIOI..QHH co6ot:i «KpaTKHH ycTHblH paccKa3 3 JI060AHeBHOro 6bI T O - B o r o HJIH o6mecTB.-nOJIHTl1'-ł. co.n.ep)l(aHHSI c lllyTJIHBOH HJIH caTHpH'ł. OKpacKOH H HeO)KMAaHHOH ocrpoyMHOH KOHQOBKOH» (JJumepamypHbru 3111,{UKfloneoul/ecKuu cnoeapb

1987: 28).

Ey.n.yY11 nepeHeceHHbIM H3 ycTHOH pe4H B ra3eTy, aHeK,ll,OT np1106peTaeT HeKOTOPYIO KOMn03HQHOHHYIO cneQHqJHKY, B 'łaCTHOCTH, KaK npaBHJIO, yTpa411BaeT MeTaTeKCTOBbie BBO,ll.bl, a HHOrAa H HappaTHBHO­ CHTyaTHBHbIH KOMnOHeHT - B cny'łae ero HecymeCTBeHHOCTH AJISI noHHMaHl1SI )].Ha.rrora H pea.rr113aQHH KOMH'łeCKOro 3<p<peKTa (TaKHe TeKCTbl Ha3bIBaIOT eme 0uaJI02UT./eCKUMU MUHUam10paMu, CM.: llfyp11Ha

1999: 153).

TiocKOJibKY HeK0TOpbie BH,ll,bl Pn OKa3aJIHCb He xapaKTepHblMH MS! )KaHpa aHeKAOTa, AOnOJIHHTeJibHO npHBJieKaJIHCb TeKCTbl pyccKHX HapOJ].HblX CKa30K, nOCTMO,ll.epHHCTCKOH XYJl.O)l(eCTBeHHOH np03bl H, OT'łaCTH, cpaHTaCTHKH.

O6o6meHHe co.n.ep)l(aTeJibHOH CTOpOHbl HCCJie,ll,OBaHHbIX TeKCTOB n03BOJIS!eT npeACTaBHTb TaKyIO «HaHBHyIO» OHTOJIOrHYeCKYIO KapTHHY MHpa, KOTopasi cymecTByeT B BHAe ABYX OHTOJIOrH'łeCKHX ccpep: OHTOJIOrHH ąenoBeKa Bo Bcex ero Hnocrncsix (Ha3oBeM ee aHmponoc(jJepou) w OHTorrorHH

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npHpOJJ.bl «BHe 'łeJIOBeKa», BHen oJIO)l(eHHOH 'łeJIOBeKy (Ha30BeM ee HOHaumponoc<jJepou).

l1

aHTJ)Onoccpepa, H HOHaHTponoccpepa MoryT 6bITb npe.u.cTaBJieHbl B BH).l.e HeKOTOporo Ha6opa 'łaCTHblX OHTOnorHH. ITpH'łeM TeMaTH'łeCKH o6o6meHHOe CO.l.l.ep)l(aHHe 60JibWeił 'łaCTH HCCJie).I.OBaHHblX TeKCTOB oTpa)KaeT o6nacTb aHTponoccpepb1 H npe.u.cTaBnsieT ee 6onee ).I.Hcj)cj)epeHQHpOBaHHO, 'łeM o6naCTb HOHaHTponoccpepb! .

IToKa)KeM CHa'łana CHCTeMy PIT , peanH3)'JOmHXCSI B TeKCTax aHeK).I.OTOB a ttTponoccj)epttoro co.u.ep)KaHHSI ( aHmponoc<jJepub1e P

II) ,

BbIJJ.e nsisi ( o 6 o 6 me H Ho) <ł> p a r Me H T bi a H T po n o C <t> e p bi H np 11 Bo .u. SI np 11 Me p bi COOTBeTCTB)'IOmHx HM PIT, B KOTOpbIX BHpTyanbHO TpaHCQlOpMHpyeTCSI TOT HJIH 11HOH cpparMeHT .u.eiłCTBHTeJibHOCTH ( 'łaCTHOH OHTOJIOr11H}, T.e. OcymecTBJISleTC.SI nparMaTH'łeCKH 3Ha'łl1MOe OTKJIOHeHHe OT TOH 11Jl11 11HOH OHTOnor11'łeCKOH HOpMbl (cTaH.u.apTHOro npe.u.cTa BJieHl1SI o .u.a H H O M cpparMeHTe .u.eiłCTBl1TeJibHOCTH). B TOM cnyqae, eCJIH B TeKCTe aHeK).I.OTa H MeeT MeCTO CHHKpeTH3M PIT (HX KOHBepreHQl1SI 11JIH KOHTaMHHaQHSI, 'łTO BCTpeqaeTCSI JJ.OCTaTO'łHO 'łaCTO }, 11JIJIIOCTJ)aQ1111 no.u.6Hpa!OTCSI c y'łeTOM <PYHKQ110HaJibHO JJ.OMHHHp)'IOl.l.{ero npHeMa. ITpH'łeM B03Hl1KaeT noTpe6-HOCTb o603Ha'łHTb Bbl}].eJIS!eMble npHeMbl TepM11HOJIOrH'łeCKH (nyTeM C03-J].aHHSI HOBblX TepM11HOB).

1. OHmOfl02U.fl meJlecuocmu 1./efl0BeKa (ycTpOHCTBa Tena HJIH/H ero COCTOSIH11S!) ➔ napacoMamul/ecKue

PIJ

(rpe'ł. para - pS!JJ.OM, B03ne; soma - Teno).

1 . 1 . - >I co CBoeił .n,eBywKoił paccrnncll.

- A Tbl lK roBop11n, 'lTO y Hee HOrH OT yweił . . .

- A Tbl B11.n,en, r.n,e y Hee yw11?! («KOMCOMOnbCKa.SI npaB.n,a». 1 4 .n,eK. 200 I r . ). 1.2. fpy311H 11 cppaHUylKeHKa e.n.YT B O.UHOM Kyne. fpy311H e.n,eT B KOMaH.n,11pOBKY BO <I>paHU1110 11 pew11n He OTKna.n,bIBaTb 6n113KOe 3HaKOMCTBO C cppaHUylKeHKOH. Ho Bee ero nonbITKl1 3aH.SITbC.SI mo60BblO OKa3an11Cb Hey.n,atJHblMl1. HaKOHeu cppaHUylKeHKa roBop11T:

- Mocbe, li -HaTypm11ua TT11Kacco. fpy311H, npo.n,onlKa.SI no11CK11: - Hy 11 YTO, .n.opora.SI?

Mocbe, li lKe CKa3ana, 'lTO pa6oTalO HaTypm11ueił y TT11Kacco. To, 'lTO Bbl 111.Ul1Te, y MeH.SI 3a yxoM («TBoił ,LJ:o.n,b1p», .N!! I 7,

2001

r.).

2. Onmofl02U.fl ncuxuKu 1./efloBeKa ( ero MblllIJieHHSI H 3MOQHH) ➔ napa­ ncuxul/eCKue p

IJ

(pa3HOBHJJ.HOCTblO KOTOpblX SIBJISIIOTCSI napM02U- 1./eCKUe

PIJ,

11JIH Qfl02U3Mbl; CM. o noCJie).I.HHX: CKOBOPOJJ.Hl1KOB

2005: 25-30).

2. 1 . ,lJ:Ba nc11xa c11.n,.S1T B Kop11.n.ope nc11xywK11. M11Mo npoxoL1.11T Me,[lcecTpa 11 nbITaeTCll OTKpblTb KaKylO-TO ,[I.Bepb. Y Hee He nonyyaeTC.SI. nc11x11:

- ,LJ:epraił c11nbttee.

(5)

O KJwccu(jJuKa4uu pumopu'łecKux npueMOB AJlEKCAHAP n. CKOBOPO,[\HHKOB -HasepHoe, 3aKpbITO.

nrnx1-1:

- ,l],a, JaKpbITO . . . A MbI nyMan1-1 Te6e pytJKa Hyi1rna. («Tsoił ,l],onb1p», N228, 200 I r.). 2.2. BpatJ -nau1-1eHTy:

- Bbl nomKHbl HeMe)lneHHO c6pOCl-!Tb sec, cecTb Ha CTpOlKaiłwy10 n1-1ery: TOJlbKO noCTHOe Ml!CO, OTKa3aTbCll OT CJiaL(KOro, xne606yJIO'lHbIX 1-13)leJII-IH, HHKaKoro aJIKOrOJill, c1-1rapeT, KOcj>e, COKpaTl-!Tb ,UO MI1HI1MyMa ceKcyaJibHbie KOHTaKTbl . . . )la, H caMoe rnasHoe -6onbwe panyiłTecb lKl13HH, noporoił Moił! («KoMOK», 20 cj>esp. 200 I i-.).

rpynna napanCHXl1'-IeCKHX PTI HMeeT H Apyrne THOH3HpOBaHHbie peanHJa­ �HH, H anp11Mep, np11eM rHnep6onH3HpOBaHHOro 11306pa)KeHH51 HeKOM­ neTeHTHOCTl1:

2.3. CH}ll!T nsoe HOBbIX pyccKHX B Tearpe. CseT Me)lJICHHO racHeT, pa3)lalOTCll nepBbie aKKOp}lbl . . . TyT O)lHH HOBbIH Ha JlHpHlKepa naJib'lHKOM noKa3bIBaeT H y BTOporo cnpaw1-1saer

- MouapT� («Tsoił ,l],onb1p», N!!28, 200 I r.).

3. 0HmOJI02Ufl /ie8ep6aJlbH020 noBeOeHUfl (HepeLieBbIX noCTynKOB) ➔ napanpa2Mamu'łecKue

Pil

(rpeLI. pragma - Aei1cTB11e) 1 . 3Ta rpynna PTI BbICO­ KOLiacToTHa H pa3Hoo6pa3Ha no «CJO)ł(eTaM».

3. 1 . B O)lHOM TexaCCKOM ropone HOBOCeJI cnpaw1-1saeT KOB60l!:

-rosopl!T, y sac npeKpaCHbIH KJil-!MaT H MeCTHbie lKHTeJ111 OTJIH'lalOTCll 3aBH)lHbIM 3)l0pOBbeM?

-CosepweHHO sepHO. HenaBHO, Hanp11Mep, Korna Mbl OTKpbIBaJIH HOBOe Knan6mue, HaM npHWJIOCb np1-1CTpeJII-ITb HeCKOJlbKO tJeJioBeK, 'lT06bI 6bIJIO Koro xopOHHTb («Tsoił ,ll.onb1p», Ni I 8, 200 I r.).

3.2. KoppecnoHneHT cnpaw1-1saeT rnasspatJa 6oJibHHUbI:

- A 'lTO Bbl nenaeTe, eCJIH )J,Jlll scex 60JibHbIX Ha XBaTl-!T 6aHOK?

- Torna Hawa npeneCTHal! Mencecrpa JieHOtJKa uenyeT 6onbHbIX B cn1-1Hy . . . KpenKo uenyeT! («Tenes113op», 3 1-110J1ll 2002 r.).

3.3. BaTcoH cnpaw1-1BaeT y XonMca:

- 51 noHHMalO, notJeMy sop B3l!JI H3 ceiłcj>a neHbrH 1-1 nparoueHHOCTl-1. Ho 3atJeM oH Ja6pan lKeHy nopna?

- 3To JJleMeHTapHO, BaTCOH! l!T06bI nopn ero He 1-!CKan! («KOMCOMOJlbCKal! npasna», 1 6 OKT. 2004 r.).

4. 0HmOJl02Ufl 8ep6aJlbH020 noBeOeHUfl (peLieBbIX nocTynKOB) ➔ napa­ JIUH280npa2Mamu'łeCKUe

Pil.

B 3TOH MHOrOLIHCneHHOH rpynne PTI

06birpb1BaIOTC51 OTKITOHeHH51 OT nocTynaTOB peL!eBoro o6w.eHH51 (B LiaCT­ HOCTH OT MaKCHM X. rpai1ca, P. JlaKocjHp H AP -, npaB11n nocrpoeHH51

CHHOHHMH'leCKI-IH TepMHH napmnWII02U'łeCKUe

Pll

Mbl OCTaBJil!eM Ml! o603HatJeHHll npHeMOB, 113o6palKalOWHX OTKJ1OHlll0Weecl! OT HOpMbl noseneHl-le lKHBOTHbIX.

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peY:eBbIX )1(3H- poB, Bb16opa peY:eBbIX ponei1 H T.n.): 3TOT BH.U

PIT

o6na.naeT 60JihU1HM pa3H006pa3HeM THTTH3Hp0B3HHhIX peaJIH3a�HH. HanpHMep: 4. 1 . MaMa (wenOTOM):

-BoBO'łKa, TBOH .ue.uywKa O'łeHb 6oneH, CKa)!(H eMy 'łTO-m16y.Ub 060.upiuowee. BoBO'łKa:

-)J.e.uywKa, Tb! XOTen 6bI, 'łT06bI Ha TBOl1X noxopoHax 11rpan BOeHHbIH opKeCTp� («KOMCOMOnbCKall npaB.ua», Ns!I 58, 2001 r.) - OTKflOHeH11e OT MaKCl1Mbl TaKTa. 4.2. PaJroBap11BaIOT .Il.Be no.upyrn:

-Tb1 B11.uena flap11cKy? KaK oHa no.uypHena, 6e.UHlllKKa!

-)].a, ITOCMOTPeTb np11l!THO («KOMCOMOJlbCKall npaB.ua», 1 1 .!l,eK. 2003 r.) -OTKnoHeH11e

OT MaKCl1Mbl CHMnaTl111 (.uo6polKenaTenbHOCT11).

4.3. Ha CbeMKax Kn11na TTyra'łeBa cpbIBaeTCll C BblCOTbl 11 na.uaeT ... Hapo.u BOKpyf 3aMep OT HeOlKl1.!l,aHHOCTl1 11 MOJI'łl1T. B.upyr KTO-TO cnpaw11BaeT:

- )KenaH11e Bee ycnen11 Jara.uaTb? («Cero.!l,HllWHllll raJeTa», 24 1110Hll 2002 r.) -OTKflOHeH11e OT MaKCl1Mbl peneBaHTHOCTl1.

4.4. Ocp111.{11aHT C TIO.!l,HOCOM TIO.!l,XO.!l,11T K KnHeHTY peCTopaHa: - Kocpe? Yai1?

Kn11eHT:

- TTolKanyi1, Kocpe. Ocp11u11aHT:

- A BOT 11 He yra.nan11 - 'łatt . . . («ApryMeHTbl 11 cpaKTbl», N221 , 2000 r.)

[nocne.!l,Hllll penn11Ka He cooTBeTcrnyeT c11Tyau11 11 11 cou11anbHOH pon11 roBopl!Ulero]. ,lJ;oBOJihHO MHOrO'-l:HCJieHH)'IO no.nrpynny napaJIHHrBOnparMaTH'-l:eCKHX PIT COCTaBJI51lOT npHeMbl, OCHOBaHHbie Ha HeBepHOM «npOY:TeHHH» O,UHHM 113 6ece,nyIOI.l.\HX HJIJIOKYTHBHOro HaMepeHH51 co6ece,nHHKa H - KaK CJie,UCTBHH ::noro - Hea.neKBaTHOM OTBeTe. TaKHe npHeMbl MO)l(HO Ha3BaTb

napazep­

MeHeBmW-LeCKUMU (hermeneutikos

- pa3b51CH51IOI.l.\HH, HCTOJIKOBhIBaIO- I.l.\HH). 4.S. MylK np11xo,n11T ,noM0H no.u YTP0 B,npe6eJrn Tibl!HbIH. )KeHa He nolK11nacb, rnaJa Kpa­ CHbie, BCll Ha HepBax:

- Tb! r,ne 6brn, ypo,n? 51 BCe 6onbH11Ubl 06JBOH11na, BCe Moprn! MylK, JanneTaIOUll1MCll l!Jb!KOM:

- XoTena no6bICTPee yJHaTb, 'łTO li HaKOHeU-TO c,nox? («KOMCOMOflbCKall npaB,na», 8 11!0Jlll 2004 r.).

4.6. TTepenonHeHHbIH aBT06yc peJKO JaT0pMOJl1n, 11 TI0lKl1flOH naccalK11p HeBOflbHO yxB­ ar11ncll Ja nJie'łO Pll.UOM CTOl!UleH ,naMbl.

- nocnywai1Te, - cep,n11TCll O Ha, - a Bbl He MOfJil1 6bI yxBaTl1TbCll Ja 'łTO-H116y,nb .upyroe? - He 11cKywai1re MeHll, Ma,naM! («ApryMeHTbI 11 cjJaKTbl», Nsd 5, 2002 r.).

B

)l(attpe atteK,noTa napanparMaTH11ecK11e 11 napan11ttrnonparMaT111.J:ecK11e

PIT

51BJI51IOTC51 caMbIMH pacnpocTpaHeHHhIMH H, no HaUJHM ,naHHhI M, coc­ TaBJI51IOT OKOJIO

40%

Bcex

PIT,

HCTTOJih3yeMbIX B 3TOM )l(attpe.

(7)

O KJ1accucjJuKa14uu pumopu'-lecKux npueM0B

AJIEKCAH,UP TI . CKOBOPO,UHl!IKOB

5. OHmo.no2Ufl Jl3blKa ulu.nu pe'-lU ➔ napa.n.UH28a.Jlb1ible p

Il

(KOTOpbie B HallleM OCMb!CJieHI-Hl COOTBeTCTBYIOT Tpa,n.r-n.1.110HHOMY TOJIKOBaH11IO TponoB 11 CTl1Jil1CTl1Y:eCKl1X qmryp). 3Ta rpynna PTI B aHeK,ll.OTaX He CTOJih MHOrOY:11C­ JieHHa, KaK ,ll.Be npe,ll.bl.LI.YI.IJ.11e, HO ,ll.OCTaTY:HO pa3H006pa3Ha no TMTTl1-311pOBaHHh!M peaJI113aI..J.MSIM.

5. 1 . )KeHu.urna B rocT11 3anyq11na MylK11Ka, Ha KOToporo 11MeeT onpe,neneHHb1e s11,nb1. nocne Toro KaK OHl1 pOCKOWHO noylK11Han11, Ma,naM TOMHO rosop11T eMy:

- Tenepb TbI Moił! MylK11K -113yMneHHo:

- TTo'leMy li «Moił»? CaMa Moił! («KoMCOMOnhcKall npas,na», 9 1110Hll 2004 r.) (vlcnonb30BaHa TeXHl1Ka OMOHl1Ml1'-leCKOro KanaM6ypa].

5.2. TTp11H11MalOT 0,f\HOro MYlKl1Ka Ha pa6oTy. Ha'lanbHl1K OT,nena eMy rosop11T, Mon, o sac 0Tn11'-lHb1e OT3bIBbI, y sac npeKpaettoe 06paJosaH11e, BbI MHoro nonyqan11, KaKoro xpeHa c npownoił pa60Tbl yson11n11Cb?

- TaM 6ap,naK 6b1Jl, - MYlKl1K OTBe'laeT.

- TaK se.nb 11 y Hac 6ap,naK, -rosop11T Ha'lanbHl1K.

- )],a. Ho 3aTo y sac 6a6b1 nocselKee («Cero,nHl!WHllll raJeTa», 8-1 4 1110nll 2000 r.). [vlcnonb30BaHa TexH11Ka non11ceM11'łecKoro KanaM6ypa].

5.3. MylKl1K B03BpamaeTCll 113 KOMaH,n11pOBKl1 H no,naeT OT'leT: «TTpoe3,n -I

ooo

py6., roc­ Tl1H11Ua -800 py6., CYTO'łHble -1 250 py6., lKeHlllHHbl -1 200 py6.».

Ha'łanbHl1K OT,nena eMy rosop11T:

- Tb! COBCeM C yMa cowen, KTO lKe TaKOH OT'leT no,nm-1weT?! Tbl BMeCTO «)KeHI.IJ.MH» n11can 6b1, cKalKeM, «3afo1BaH1-1e rao3,neił».

MylKl1K nocne HOBOH KOMaH,n11pOBKl1 n11weT: ««TTpoe3,n - 900 py6., roCTHH11Ua -500 py6., CYTO'łHbie - 1

ooo

py6., 3a611BKa rB03,neił - I 200 py6., peMOHT MOnOTKa - 2000 py6.» («KOMCOMOnbCKall npaa,na», 16 <jJesp. 200 l r.). (AHeK,f\OT nocrpoeH Ha JB<peM1111].

5.4. )],o'łb lKanyeTCll MaTepH:

- 51. B OT'lal!Hl111. TToxolKe, 'łTO Kparnaoro MYlK'łl1HY ronbIMl1 pyKaM11 He B03bMeWb. 1fro TbI MHe nocoaeryewb?

- TaK11x MYlK'łl1H 6epyT ronb1M11 HoraM11 («ApryMeHTbI 11 <jJaKTbI», N'ł27, 200 I r.). [vlcnonb30BaH np11eM 6yKsanl13aUH11 <jJpa3eonorn'łeCKOH Mern<jJopbl].

B

aHeK,ll.OTax 11CTTOJih3YIOTCSI 11 .Ll.pyrne pa3HOBM,ll.HOCTl1 napaJIMHrBaJibHblX

PTI C SIBHbIM npeo6na,ll.aH11eM np11eMOB, noCTpoeHHhlX Ha 11rpe JieKCMY:eCKOH

MJIH cppa3eOJIOrHY:eCKOH ceMaHTMKOH.

6. OHmO.n02UJl cumya14uu ( o6CTOSITeJibCTB, TTOJIO)KeHMH, co6bITMH) ➔ napacumyamueHble

Pil.

B TaKoro po,ll.a

PTI

06hrrph1Ba10TCSI caMbie pa3H006pa3Hble c11Tyau;M11 M3 )KM3Hl1 OTAeJibHhIX JIIO,ll.eH, COQMaJibHhIX 11 3THM'-IeCKMX rpynn, CBSI3aHHhie C MX 6bITOM, npocpecCHeH, pen11r11ei1, MeH­ TaJibHOCThlO, Tpa,ll.MQMSIMM, JIMTepaTypott M T.,ll.. 3TO ,ll.aeT B03MO)KHOCTh (npM He06XO,ll.MMOCTM, KOTOpOH B ,ll.aHHOM cnyy:ae HeT) AMcpcpepeHQMpoBaTb 3TH

(8)

rrpHeMbl no TeM8TH'łeCKHM rpynnaM. IlpHBe,neM HeCKOJibKO npHMepOB (6e3 KOM MeHTapHeB).

6. 1. AMepHKaHeu paccKa3b1eaeT .11:pyry:

- 51 TOJlbKO eąepa eepHyJicll J,13 JlOH,lOHa. TipHKHHb, aHrJIH'laHKY TaK nerKO 3aKa,lpHTb!

Y MeHll HX TaM 6bmo: ,l],lKeiłH, Kenm1, M3pH, K3TPHH, ,lł,lKOH.

- KTO-KTO? ,l],lKOH???

- Tb1 3Hae111b, B JlOH.11:0He TaKoił TyMaH . . . («Teoił ,l],o.11:b1p»,

.N\!l, 2002

r.).

6.2. BCTPeąa10Tcll .11:Ba rpy3HHa. O.11:HH roeopHT:

- Hy 'ITO, forn, YCTPOHJICll?

- HJT, noKa pafiorn10 . . . («Teoił ,l],o.11:b1p»,

26

cj>eep.-4 Maprn

200 I

r.).

6.3 . 6or cnpa111HeaeT A.11:aMa:

- Hy 'ITO, A.11:aM, Tefie pefipa lKaJIKo?

- HeT, He lKaJIKO. TOJibKO npe.11:ąyeCTBHe KaKoe-To nnoxoe («KOMCOMOJlbCKall npae.11:a»,

I 6

Maprn

200 I

r.).

IIocrre,nHHe ,nBa npHMepa, KaK H MHOrHe ,npyrne, ,neMOHCTpHpyIOT 3QHpeKT HaMeKa (no,nTeKCTa), 'ITO MQ)ł(HQ paccMaTpHBaTb KaK pe3yJihT8T HeKOTOporo OTKJIOHeHHH OT MaKCHMbl KOJIH'łeCTBa (B ,naHHOM crryqae -I10JIHOTbl HHcpop­ MaQHH).

7. 01-1mollo2UR npou3eooumellb1tou oeJ1.mellb1tocmu u ee pe1yllbmamoe (oHT­ orrorHH Be�eił B urnpoKOM CMhicrre)➔ napaapme<jJaKm1tb1e Pil (rraT. artefac­ tum - HCKYCCTBeHHO c,nerraHHOe, cpa6oTaHHoe)2

:

7.

I . TipHXOJlJ,IT lKeHIJ..IHHa-KapJIHK, y KOTOpoił H3-3a lllHBOpOTa 'lTO-TO fienoe TOp'IHT, B anTeKy H cnpa111HeaeT: «CKalKHTe, y eac npoKna.11:oK noMeHhllle He fihIBaeT?» («TeneBH30p»,

15

Mall

2002

r.).

7 .2.

3ypafi IJ,epeTeJIH npHXO,lHT Ha npHeM K JlylKKOBy H np0CHT 0T,laTb eMy IJ,apb-KOJIOKOJI. lOpHił M HxaiłJIOBH'I B He.11:oyMeHHH:

- Hy KaK lKe, 3TO naMllTHHK, a 3a'leM Tefie?

- ,l],a BOT H,lell pO,lHJiacb: TPOHKY C fiyfieHuaMH OTJIHTb («TeJieBH30p», N<iS,

2005).

7 .3.

,l],ea H0BblX pycCKHX:

-CJibllllb, fipaTaH, 3Haelllb, KaKylO KOJillH cefie CHrHaJIH3aUHIO noCTaBHJI? Ca.11:HlllbCl1 3a PYJib - OHa 3anax Y3HaeT, eCJIJ,f He TBOH - B3pbIBae_rcll!

-KpYTO, finHH! B HaType, Ha.11:0 n03BOHHTb -Y3HaTb, r.11:e JJ:OCTaJI!

2 PacumpHTeJibHOe HCOOJlb30BaHHe 0OHllTllll «aprecj>aKT» B Ka'leCTBe repMHHa HaXO,lHT onpae.11:aHHe B HeO,lH03Ha'IHOCTH ero TPaKTOBOK B CJIOBapllX. Cp. HanpHMep: « I . npouecc J,fJIJ,f ofipa30BaHHe, HeCBOHCTBeHHOe J,13yąaeMOMY 06-beKry H B03HHKa10111ee ofibl'IHO no.11: 803,leHCTBHeM cofiCTBeHHO ycJIOBHił ero HCCJie,loBaHHll [ . . . ];

2.

npe,lMeT, H3roTOBJieHHblH, c.11:enaHHblH 'leJI0BeK0M» (Hoeeił111Hił CJIOBapb HH0CTPaHHblX CJIOB H BblpalKeHHił

2002: 83);

« . . . xy.11:olKeCTBeHHblH ofi1>eKT, CHMBOJIH3Hpy10111Hił PYK0TB0pHblH MHp TeXHHKH, aBT0H0MHblH no OTHOllleHHIO K HepyK0TB0pHOMY MHpy npHpO,lb()) (CUM60Jlbl, 3HGKU, 3MÓJleMbl.' :JH!łUKJIOneOWl

2003: 43).

(9)

O KJ1accu(j)uKai,uu pumoputJecKux npueMoe

AJIEKCAH,nP n. CKOBOPO,nHHKOB

- He! He norry'l11Tcll. OH B'lepa o.neKorroH peurnrr CMeHl1Tb («Taoił _no.nb1p», 2-8 anp.

2001 r.).

ITo cpaBHemno co BCeMM npe.D,hl.D,YIJ..(MMM BM.D,aMM napaaHTl)OnoccpepHhIX PIT, napaapTecpaKTHhie PIT ManoąacTOTHhI M, KaK npaBMJIO, coBMeIJ..(aIOTCH (KOHTaMMHMpy10T) c napanparMaTMąecKMMH PIT.

HoHaHTponoccpepHhie PIT no cpaBHeHMIO c aHTponoccpepHhIMH PIT BCTpeąaIOTCH B aHeK,D;OTax pe.n.Ko (OKOJIO

2,5 %

OT o6IJ..(ero KOpnyca HCCJie.n,oBaHHhIX TeKCTOB) Iii npe.n,cTaBJieHhl, B OCHOBHOM, aHeK.D,OTaMH, r.n,e «rJiaBHhIMM repOHMM» BhICTynaIOT )l(MBOTfihie, Ha,neJieHHhie qeJIOBeąecKHMM ąepTa M H (B COOTB eTCTBM'M c o6IJ..(di H p K O B hipa)l(eH H O H aHTpo­ noQeHTp H ą H O CThIO :noro )l(aHpa) . IT03TOMY .D,JIH p aCCMOTpeHH H M KJiacrn:cpHKaQMH HOHaHTl)OnoccpepHhIX PIT 6hIJIM .D,OnOJIHHTeJihHO npHBJie­ ąeHhl TeKCThl PYCCKMX HapO,ll;HhIX CKa3OK H , oTąaCTH, COBpeMeHHOH IlOCTMO.D,epHHCTCKOH JIMTepaTyphl Iii cp3HTe3H . Ha OCHOBe H3yąeHHOro MaTep HaJia KJiaCcHcpHKaQI-rn HOHaHTponoccpepHhIX PIT MO)l(eT 6 bITh npe.n,cTaBJieHa cne,n:y101.l.(HM o6pa3oM.

Bee HOHaHTl)onoccpepHhie PIT «pacna,n:aIOTCH» Ha .D,Be rpynnh1:

1 .

PIT, B KOTOphIX .D,eKOHCTPYKQHH (TpaHCq>OpMaQHH) no.n,BepraIOTCH OHTOJIOrMąecKHe HOpMhl opraHMąecKOH ()l(HBOH) npHpO.D,hI; Ha3OBeM MX napa1-1amypoeumaJ1bHb1Mu

PII

(rraT.

natura -

npwpo.n,a, naT.

vitalis

-)l(HJHeHHhiił);

2.

PIT, B KOTOphlX ,n:eKOHCTl)YKQMH no.D,BepraIOTCH OHTOJiornąeCKHe HOpMhl HeopraHHąecKOH (MepTBOH) npHpO,ll;hI; Ha3OBeM HX napaHamypoMop­ mHblMU

PII

(naT.

mortuus -

MepTBhIH).

B Ka)l(,n:oił H3 3TMX rpynn PIT MoryT 6hITh BhI,n:eneHhI no,n:rpynnhI B 3aB­ HCHMOCTM OT Toro, 06beKThl KaKOH 'łaCTHOH OHTOJIOrHąecKOH ccpephl no.n,­ BepraIOTCH BHpTyaJihHOH peąeBOH ,n:ecpopMaQHH.

TaK B Kpyry napaHaTypoBHTaJihHhlX PIT BhI.D,eJIHIOTCH: napa(j)ayHoc(j)epHble

Pll

M napa</)llopoc(j)epHble

Pll

3

,

KOTOpb!e B CBOIO oąepe.D,h MoryT 6b!Th no.n,pa3,n:eneHhI Ha

l .

napa(j)ayH0Mop(j)oJ102utfecKue

Pll

(,n:eMOHCTl)HpyIOIJ..(He OTKJIOHeHH51 OT MOpcponornH )l(HBOTHhIX),

2.

napa(j)ayHo3mOll02Ul/.eCKUe

PII

(.D.eMOHCTpHpyIOIJ..(He OTKJIOHeHHH OT 06b1ąHoro noBe.D,eHHH )l(HBOTHhIX), 3.

3 TaK11e Pn (oco6eHHO napaqiayHocqiepHbie) 0611JibHO npe.nCTaBJieHbl a pyccKl1X Hap0,llHbIX

CKa.JKax, o 'leM roaopl!T caM11 11x HaJBaH11ll: Jluca-noeumyxa, Jluca, 3aJllf u nemyx, Bo11K u

K03a, Meoeei>b, co6aKa u KOtuKa 11 MHorne .np. (Hapoi>Hble pyccKue CKaJKu 1985-1986), a

TaKlKe B 6aCHllX. TaKoro po.na np11eMbl r.A. KonH11Ha Ha3bIBaeT napaifJayHo­

lfeHlnpu'leCKUMU 11 napa</)IIOPOlfeHmpu'leCKUMU (KonH11Ha 2005).

(10)

napaq)JIOpOMOp(pO/l02U'łeCl<Ue

PIJ

(,u:eMOHCTPHPYIOI.IJ.He OTKTIOHeHH.sI OT MOpcponornH p acTeHHH),

4.

napaplloporpyHK!,/UOlta/lbl-lbZe

P II

(.11.eMOH­ CTpHPYIOI.IJ.He OTKTIOHeHH.sI OT HOpManhHOro cpyHKIJ;HOHHpOBaHH.sI pacTeHHH). HanpHMep:

1. Ilapa(jJayHOMOp(pOll02U'łecKUe

PIJ

(npHeMbl pe)].KOH BCTpe1:1aeMOCTH):

I . I . CepelKa n0A0Wen K BaXTepCK0MY CTony, Ha K0T0p0M nelKan MepTBblH 3al!U paJMep0M co CBliHbIO (B. CopoKliH, Cepo4a 11emb1pex).

1 .2. BoT 0H [MonoAeu-yAaneu - A.C.] exan-exan, npliexan K TPeTbeH cecTPe. 3m .o;ana eMy CB0ero K0Hll 06 '!eTbipex KpbinbllX li npliKa3ana [ . . . ] (CKa:JKa o MOJIOOl,/e-yoClllbl,/e, MOJIOOWlbHblX J16JIOKQX U :J/CUBOU BOOe).

1 .3. TIOA06pan Manb'lliK oceHblO 6onbHOro elKliKa, BCIO 31iMY yxalKliBan 3a HliM, M0n0K0M 0TnaliBan, l!6noKaMli K0pMlin .. . HacTana BeCHa -li y elKliKa Bbmanli Bee K0nlO'IKli, a BMeCT0 HliX Bblpocnli Kpbinbll, li 0H yneTen B 0KH0. Manb'lliK CM0TPliT, CM0TPliT eMy BcneA li f0B0pliT:

- )].a 3T0 He elKliK - 3T0 Q)lifHll KaKal!-TO . . . («TeneBH30p», 5 lilOHll 2002 r.).

2. IlaparpayHo::Jmo/lo2utJecKue

PIJ

(npHeMbI 1:1aCToił BCTpe1:1aeMOCTH):

2. 1 . .51 6bm HaCTOnbK0 pacTpo raH, '!TO AalKe npliBeTCTBeHHall pe'!b nliHfBliHa, 3aTllHYBWal!Cll, no MeHbllleH Mepe, Ha '!ac, He noKa3anacb MHe '1pe3MepH0 AnliHHOIO (B. Epoq>eeB, 3anucKu ncuxonama).

2.2. [KoMap no liMeHli C3M] . . . Hli'!ero HeT KpaCliBee lln0HCKliX llroAliU, KOrAa liX 30n0TliT nepBblłł paccBeTHblłł ny'! li o6AyBaeT TliXliłł BeTep . . . 6olKe, KaK npenecTHa 6bIBaeT lKli3Hb! (B. TieneBliH, }/(u:JHb HaceKOMb!X).

2.3. )].eBywKa nowna 3a BOAOH, Clil\liT y KOnOAUa li nna'!eT; pbl6Ka Bbinnbrna HaBepx li cnpawliBaeT ee: «06 'leM TbI, KpacHall AeBliUa, nna'!ewb?» (30J1omou 6aU1Ma110K).

2.4. KliT nnaBaeT BOKpyr caMKli li c ynpeKOM f0BOpliT:

- CKonbKO CTPaH, COTHli 3K0norli'!eCKliX opraHli3aU11łł, BbIAalOl.l.(lieCll non11Tli'!eCKlie nli,nepbl, MlinnliOHbl nIOAeH -BCe OHli 6op!OTCll Ja TO, 'IT06bi Halli Bli,[ł BbllKlin, a Tb! MHe fOB0pliWb -ronoBa 6on11T . . . («KOMCOMOnbCKall npaB,na», 29 Mall 2001 r.).

3. IlaparpllOpOMOp(pO/l02Ul.f.eCKue

PIJ

(BCTpe':laIOTC.sI pe)].Ko):

3 . 1 . BoKpyr, BO Bee CT0pOHbl ,UO rop1130HTa, nelKana KaMeHliCTall nyCTb!Hll. I-fa HeeTOp'!anli 6neCTlll.l.(lie WTbipli, n0A K0T0pb!Mli no,11parliBanli B nbinli np0A0nroBaTbie K0lKliCTbie llHUa. HaA HeKOTOpb!Mli CTe6nllMH MepuanH TaHHCTBeHHbIM OrHeM 6enbie UBeTbl, HO MX 0KpylKanli K0K0Hbl 'lepHOro ryMaHa, li 0HH 6binH Blil\Hbl ene-ene, KaK CKB03b 3aK0n'!eHH0e CTeKno (BliKTop TieneBliH, ,auCllleKmuKa flepexooHozo flepuooa 113 HuomKyoa « HuKyoa). 3.2 .. . . Crnpyxa yp0HHna 0AliH lKenyAb B 110AI10nbe. TiyCTlin lKenyAb p0CTOK li B He6onbwoe BpeMll ,uopoc A0 nony [ ... ], ,uepeBuo pocno li Bbipocno ,no rroTonKa. CrnpHK pa306pan li rroTonoK, a nocne li Kpb1wy CHlln; ,uepeBo sce pacTeT ,na pacTeT li ,uopocno A0 caMoro He6a (flemyx u :J1CepHOBKU).

4. IlaparplloporpyHK!,/UOl-la/lblibZe

PII

(BCTpe':laIOTC.sI qame):

4. 1 . . .. OHa 6brna TaK npeKpacHa! Crn1-mo ee HB0BYIO KOnb16enb BbIHeCTH 113 ,nBopua B ca.n, KaK Bee ueeTbl pacrrycKamiCb B rronHyIO Cliny li orrneTaJIB 11PYTbll lKliBb!Mli rnpnllH,[łaMli, BliH0rpaA CBeWliBan HlilKe crrenbie rp03,[łbll, 'IT06bI ,[łliTll Morno ,[ł0TllHYTbCll PYKOH (AHaTonliH KoponeB, lfHcmuHKm N!! n11mb).

(11)

O

KJ1accu(jJuKa14uu pumopul./.ecKux npueMOB AflEKCAH�P n. CKOBOPO�HHKOB

4.2.

BoT con.uaT XO,[J,11n, xomrn no pa3HblM KOMHaTaM; c.uenanocb eMy CKY'IHO, H B3.UyMan OH ITOHTHTb B ca.u; BblWen, CMOTpHT -CTOHT 6epe3a. l1 roaopHT eMy 6epe3a t.JenoBet.JeCKHM ronocoM: «Cny)l(HBbiłi! Cxo,uH BOT B TaKYIO-TO ,uepeBHIO [ .. . ] (Eepew u mpu coK01za). 4.3. CTOllnH ,L\Ba rpH6a: MYXOMOp H 6eJiblH. 11,ueT rpH6HHK.

- 3x, - B3,UblXaeT 6eJiblH, - ceiłt.Jac pe3Hll Ha'!HeTCll . . .

- H e 3Hal0, KaK pe3Hll, a Horołi B Mop.ny li TO'IHO rronyt.Jy! («ApryMeHTbl H <j>aKTbl»,

N.?1-2, 2003 r.).

B Kpyry napa1-tamypoMopm1tbZX PIJ BhI,n;emnoTc.sr: napa2eoc(j)ep1tbie PIJ (co,n;ep)Kam,re KOTOpbIX CB.sI3aHo C nrraHeTOH 3eMJI.sI HJIH/H Haxo,n;mnHMHC.sI Ha HeH o6'beKTaMH He)KHBOH npHpO,[lbl) H napaKOCMoc(jJepHbłe PIJ (HX co,n;ep)KaHHe CB.sI3aHO C o6'beKTaMH BcerreHHOH), KOTOpbie, B CBOIO oąepe,n;h, MoryT 6bITh no,n;pa3,n;erre HhI H a

l .

napa2eo cmpyKmyp1-t bze P Il,

2 .

n apazeo{jJy1-tK14 u o 1tall b 1-t b1e P II,

3

.napaKocMo cmpyKmypH bZe P Il,

4.

napaKOCMo(jJyHKLfUOH{JJlbltbłe PIJ, ,n;eMOHCTpHpyroinHe CTpYKTypHbie HJIH/H <pyHKnHoHaJibHbie ,[le<popMa�HH COOTBeTCTBYIOinHX o6'beKTOB. Bee OHM ,[lOCTaToqHo MarroąacTOTHbl. IlpHBe,n;eM npHMepbi.

1. Ilapa2eocmpyKmyp1-tbze PIJ:

1 . 1 . )];aaHo TaK He SMEllJICll: li B nn10c-nn10c-,uHpeKTe, oKeaH, orpOMHblH aiłc6epr H3

rony6oro cana (Bna,uHMHp CopoKHH, I'o11y6oe CWIO).

1.2. l1BaH-uapeBH'I y,uapHJICll o Cb1py10 3eMnlO, c.uenancll llCHblM COKOJIOM, B3BHJICll H rroneTen B TpH,uecl!TOe rocy,uapCTBo; a Toro rocy.uapCTBa 6onbwe t.JeM HarronoBHHY BTllHyno B xpycrnnbHYIO ropy (XpycmaJ1bHaJ1 zopa).

2. ilapa2eo{jJy1-tKLfU01t(1Jlb1-tbze Pil:

2. 1 . 3eMnll B3,UporHyna, wyTnHBO HCITblTbJBall Ha rrpO'IHOCTb rryTbl o6BHBWeH ee

UHBHnH3aUHH, HO OHa fOTOBa rrpe,L\'bllBHTb rnny BCepbe3. foTOBa, TOJibKO )l(,[leT '!bero-To CHrHana, MO)l(eT 6bITb - ero . . . (TTaBen KpycaHOB, YKyc aH2e1za).

2.2.

fpaHHT Me,uneHHO .UbIWan, KaK KaMeHHblH cnoH. l1ocHcjJy 3axoTenOCb CTaTb rpaHHTHblM .uepeBOM H CKpe)l(eTaTb Tll)l(enbIMH CJIOBaMH (Bna,uHMHp CopOKHH, I'o11y6oe CWIO).

2.3.

Bonra C Ba3Y30H .uonro cnopHnH, KTO 113 HHX YMHee, CHnbHee H ,UOCTOHHee 60JibWero not.Jem. CrropHJIH, cnopHnH, .na ,upyr ,upyra He rrepecnopHnH H pewHnHCb BOT Ha KaKoe .ueno [ . . . ] (Ba3y3a u Bo11za).

3. ilapaKOCMOCmpyKmypHbłe Pil:

3.1.

KaK H3BeCTHO, Hawa BceneHHall HaXO,UHTCll B t.JaHHHKe HeKoero JllOH )];yH6HHll, rrpo,ua10mero BCllKYIO Meno'lb Ha 6a3ape B 4aHbaHH (BHKTOp TTeneBHH,

CCCP

Tauwoy lfacyaHb).

3.2.

TpH,uuaTb Ce,[lbMall 3Be3,UHall 3KCITe,UHUHll 6bma HarrpaBneHa Ha rrnaHeTapHylO CHCTeMy 6JIH3KOH 3Be3,Ubl B C03Be3,UHH 3HaMeHocua, e,UHHCTBeHHall HaceneHHall nnaHeTa KOTOpoił -3H.upa .uaBHO roBOpHna C 3eMnełi H JlpyrHMH MHpaMH no BenHKOMY KonbUY (l1BaH E<j>peMOB, 38e30Hble Kopa611u).

3.3. nnaHeTa ConllpHC 6bina OTKpbITa neT 3a CTO .uo Moero pO)l(,L\eHHll. OHa BpamaeTCll BOKpyr .UByx COJIHU - KpacHoro H rony6oro (CrnttHcnaB JleM, Co11,1.puc).

1 1 3

8 - Stylistyka ...

(12)

4.

II

apaKocMo<pyHKtjUOHaJibH&Ze

P

Il:

4. 1 . . . . TipH!llen eTapHK J].OMOH, eKa3an eTap!lleH J].O'lepH : «O)].eHbell xopo!lleHbKO .11.a Bb!HJ].H Ha Kpbrne'lKO». OHa 0.11.enaeb, Bbilllna Ha Kpbrne'lKO; ConHue H yramttno ee. Cpe.D.Heii J].O'lepH TaKlKe Benen OJ].eTbell xopO!llCHbKO H Bb!HTH Ha KpbinC'lKO. OHa 0.11.enaeb 11 BbI!llna;

MeellU exsarnn H yramttn BTopy10 JJ.O'lb [ . . . ] (CoRH!fe, MecR4 u BopoH BopoHoeu'I).

4.2. Heene.11.oBaHHll nOKa3anH, 'lTO OKeaH BOBee He J].CHCTBYeT no npHHUHny HallJHX rpaBHTaTOpOB ('lTO, KCTaTH, HCB03MOlKHO), a 06na.11.aeT cnoeo6HOCTb!O Henoepe.11.eTBCHHO MO,UenHpOBaTb MCTPHKY BpeMeHH-npocrpaHCTBa, 'lTO BCJ].CT, B 'laeTHOCTH, K OTKnOHCHHllM B HJMepeHHH BpeMeHH Ha OJ].HOM H TOM lKCMepHJJ.HaHe ConllpHe. TaKHM o6paJOM, OKeaH He TOnbKO B HJBCCTHOM eMbiene JHaeT ene)].CTBHll TeOpHH 3i1HlllTeHHa-EeBH, HO 11 MOlKeT HX HenonbJOBaTb ('lero HenbJll CKaJaTb O Hac) (CTaHHCnaB JleM, CoRRpuc).

4.3. Bcrpe'laJOTell )].Be nnaHeTbl. O.11.Ha fOBOpHT .11.pyroii:

lfro-TO Tb! HeBalKHO Bblfnll)].Hlllb.

)].a BOT KaKy10-To JapaJy noJJ.XBaTttna, 'lC!lleTell Bee.

A-a, :no n10.11.H. CKopo npoii.11.eT («KoMCOMOnbCKall npaB.11.a»,

29

llHB.

200 I

r.).

KaK B o6nacTH aHTponoccpepttbIX PIT, TaK H B o6nacTH HOHaH ­ Tponocq>epHbIX P IT BO3MO)KHa, HO BPH.A JI M Qenecoo6pa3Ha ,n:aJibHeihnaH TeMaTHąecKaH ,AHcpcpepeHQHaQHH (:no npHBeJIO 6bi K HeonpaB- ,n:aHHOMY ycJIO)KHeHHIO KJiaCCHQ)HKaQHH). 3aMeTHM JIHillb, 'ITO B o6eHX yKa3aHHbIX o6naCTHX HMeeT MeCTO 60JibllIOe KOJIH'leCTBO CHHKpeTHąHbIX PIT, B paMKaX KOTOpbIX 06'be,AHHHIOTCH ,AJIH BbinOJIHeHHH O,AHOH pe'leBOH cpyHKQHH HeC­ KOJibKO pa3Hb!X PIT. ITpHBe,AeM ABa npHMepa TaKHX CTHJIHCTH'leCKHX KOHBepreHQHH.

I . 8 nanaTy J].nll HOBOpO)KJ].CHHbIX npH!llen noeeTHTenb H enpoettn 0,UHOfO ManbI!lla, eKOnbKO eMy J].Heii. K HJyMneHHIO fOCTll, Mna.11.eHeu OTBeTHn, 'lTO eMy TPH J].Hll.

Ta-aK, a OTKy.11.a )KC Tb! BJllnell? - npo6opMOTan HJyMneHHblH noceTHTenb.

Pe6eHOK enoKOHHO OTBeTHn, 'lTO llBnlleTell npOJJ.YKTOM HHTHMHbIX OTHO!llCHHH eBOHX po,a.HTeneii.

OTKy.11.a )KC Tb! Bee 3TO JHaC!llb?

Hy li lKe He B'lepa po.11.ttnell, - OTBeTHn ManbI!ll ( «TBoii )].OJJ.bip»,

N.!23, 200 I

r.).

Becb TeKCT :noro atteK,AOTa HBJIHeT co6oi1 CJIO)I(Hb! H napaaHTp o ­ noccpep HbIH PIT, B KOTOpO M CJIHJIHCb (KOHTaMHHHpOBaJIHCb) napaCH­ TyaTHBHbIH, napacoMaTH'leCKHH H napanparMaTHąecKHH PIT, H Ha 3TOM cp o H e , B K a 'l eC T B e 3 aK JIIO'lHTeJi h H O r o « a K K Op,n:a», H Cil OJi b 3 O B a H napanHHrBaJihHbIH (cTHJIHCTHąecKHH) P IT 6yKBaJIH3aQHH (peaJIH3aQHH) MeTacpOpb!.

2. B neey 06-bllBHnH crpornii BblfOBOp ocny H lKHpa<j>y, 'lyrb 6brno He noea.11.ttnH HX. Ocny ­ Ja ynpllMCTBO, a lKHpa<j>y -Ja TO, 'lTO BbICOBbIBaeTell.

Ho B neey eny'lttnell nepeBopoT. TioMeHllnoeb npaBHTenbCTBO. 11 ocny, H lKHpa<j>y 061>l1BHnH 6naro,uapHOCTb. Oeny - Ja npHHUHnHanbHOCTb, a lKHpa<j>y -Ja ,uanbHOBHJ].HOeTb («TBoii )].o,a.b1p»,

N.!51 , 2001

r.).

(13)

O KJ1accuqJUKa11uu pumoputJecKux npueMoe AJlEKCAH.llP

n.

CKOBOPO.[IHl1KOB B 3TOM atteKJJ:OTe Q)OHOBbJMH H pacnpocTpamnOI.I.\HMHC51 Ha BeCb TeKCT 51BJUIIOTC51 napa<l>aytto3TononftiecKHH

PIT

nepcoHHQ)HKal..{HH (oąeno­ BeąHBaHH51) )KHBOTHhIX H napanHttrBaJibHhIH

PIT

attTHTe3h1; noKanhtthIM

PIT

- 8MQ)H6on11ąecKHH KaJiaM6yp (B03MO)KHQCTb .ll:BO51KOro OCMbJCJieHH51 CJIOB «BbJCOBbJBaeTC51» H «.n:anbHOBH.ll:HOCTb» ).

3aMeTHM T8K)Ke, ąTO .ll:Jl51 KJiaCC HQ)HKal..{HH

PIT

co CTOpOHbl HX

OHTonorw1ecKoro co.n:ep)K8HHSI cyll.\eCTBeHHOe 3HaąeHHe HMelOT Q)YHJJ:aMeH­ TaJibHhJe KaTeropHH BpeMeHH 11 npocTpaHCTBa. MaHHTTYJISll..{HH C 3THMH

KaTeropHSIMH HMelOT MeCTO KaK B o6naCTH aHTponoc<t>epHblX

PIT, TaK H B

o6nacTH ttottattTponoc<t>eptthIX

PIT.

PIT,

B KOTOpblX HCTTOJib3YlOTCSI MaHHTTYJISll..{HH npocTpaHCTBeHHOro xa­ paKTepa, Ha3OBeM napamonocHbTMU

Pil

(rpeą. topos - MeCTO), HJIH mo­ nome3ueu4 HanpHMep:

I. KonyM6 e,ueT, e,ueT li HaTbIKaeTCSI Ha CoJIOBeUKHe 0CTp0Ba (Bette,UHKT EpocpeeB, /13 JQ­ nUCHblX KHUJ/CeK).

2. Kor,ua Mbl BMeCTe C He!O nepenJibIBaJIH fHH,!lyKYlll . . . O Ha pa36HJia CB0IO npeKpaCHYIO ro­ JIOBY . . . o cKaJibI EipHTaHcKoro CaMoa (BeHe.UHKT Epocpees, «Banbnypruesa H0'lb, HJIH 111arn KoMaH,uopa» ).

3. CTpeneu-Mono,ueu cen Ha csoero 6oraTb1pcKoro K0HSI H noexan Ja TpH,uessiTb JeMenb; .uo­ nro JIH, K0p0TK0 JIH - npHeJ)l(aeT 0H Ha Kpaii CBeTa, r,ue KpacHoe C0JIHbllllK0 H3 CHHSI MOPSI B0CX0,UHT («)Kap-nTHUa H BacHJIHCa-U:apeBHa»).

PIT,

B KOTOpblX HCTTOJih3YlOTCSI MaHHTTYJISll..{HH BpeMeHHÓro xapaKTepa,

tta3oBeM napaxpoHutJecKwwu

Pil

(rpeą. chronos - BpeMS1), HJIH xpoHomeJueu

(no attanorHH c TonoTe3Heił). HanpHMep:

I. MHJIHUeHCKHH «B0p0H0K» pe3K0 npHT0pM03HJI nepe,u HeH, H3 Ka6HHbl Bb!CYHYJICSI po-30B01UeKHH nOCTOBOH B y111aHKe, CYHYJI B POT 6neCTSIIUHH CBHCT0K H nepeJIHBHCT0 Ja­ CBHCTeJI.

- ..si. BOT Te6e CBHCTHY, KaHaJibSI! - norp03HJI eMy H3 caHeH KyJiaK0M B 6eJIOH nep'!aTKe MHTpocpaH Bna,!lHMHpOBH'I TTypH111KeBH'I, e,uy!UHH H3 «.51.pa» Ha CpereHKY K csoeii JII060BHHUe U:eJIHKOBCKOH (BJia,D.HMHp CopoKHH, I'o11y6oe cano).

2.

OH [.D.06pb1i1 Móno.n.eu -A.C.] HM u rosopHT: «,ll;pyJbsi M0H JI106eJHb1e! TToCTapaiiTecb MHe 06 0.D.HY H0'lb n0CTp0HTb B uapCK0M JanoBe,D.H0M nyry HOBblH ,!lB0peu, li 'IT06 6bIJI 0H JIY'lllle uapCK0ro [ . . . ). BoT 3TH M0JI0,D.Ubl H 6oraTblpH 06 0.UHY H0'lb BCe BblCTp0HJIH, '!TO HM 6bIJIO npHKaJaHo (Bo11U1e6Hoe KO/lbl10 ).

3. OTeu cnpa11111saeT y CbJHa:

- fosopSIT, '!TO Tb! BCTpetJaelllbCSI C TaHbKOH H3 ,ueBSIT0ro no,D.be3,D.a . . . - BcTpe'l810Cb! A 'ITO, HeJibJSI?

4 TepMHH monomeJUJI B CMblCJie «on11caHHSI BblMbllllJieHHblX, HeCy!UeCTBYIOIUHX CTpaH H Me­ CTH0CTeH» ynoMHHaeTCSI s (XaJarepoB, lliHpHHa

1999 : 277).

(14)

-)I.a He-r, no'łeMy )Ke . . . 51. B TBOeM BO3pacre TO)Ke C HeH BCTpe'łancll! («KOMCOMOflbCKall npae,ua», 1 4-21 111OHll 2002 r.).

KnaccHqn1:K aUH.H PTI , npe,n:cTaBneHHa.H B hIWe, .HBJl.HeTc.H co,n:ep­

)KaTenhHO-TeMaTH'łeCKOH ('łJleHbl 3TOH KnaccmpHKaQJ.łJ.ł OTBe'łaIOT Ha

Bonpoc «tlmo -rpaHC<pOpMHpyeTc.H?» ). ,[(n.H TeopHH 3J1OKYUHJ.ł He MeHbWee

3Ha'-leHJ.łe J.łMeeT TeXHOJlOrJ.ł'łeCKa.H CTOpoHa PTI, TO eCTb OTBeT Ha BOnpoc

«KQK Tp aHC<pOpMHpyeTc.H?». C 3TOH TO 'łKJ.ł 3peHJ.ł.H, npHo6peTaeT

nepBOCTeneHHoe 3Ha'łeHJ.łe noH.HTJ.łe npum,1una omKJ101temm om 1topMbl KaK

ocHOBHOH oco6eHHOCTH «yc-rpoiicTBa» PTI, «MexaHH3Ma» ero ,n:ei1cTBJ.ł.H.

Cpe,n:J.ł

J.łCCJ1e,n:0BaTeJ1eH HeT e,n:HHCTBa B onpe,n:eneHJ.łJ.ł KOJlJ.ł'łeCTBa

J.ł

xapaKTepa 3TJ.łX npHHQJ.łnOB, B 'łeM MO)KHO y6e,n:HTbC.H npH conocTaBJleHJ.łJ.ł

XOT.H 6bI ny6rrHKaQJ.łH, o6o6�aIO�HX '.HY npo6neMantKy (CM. HanpHMep:

Koporrh- KOB 1 972: 947-950; TonopoB 1 990: 542-543; racnapoB 1 987: 466;

CKpe6HeB 1 997: 590-592; XaJarepoB, lllJ.ipHHa 1 999: 1 1 9- 1 32). ,[(n.H

pa3pa6oTKJ.ł onepauHoHaJlhHOH Knacrn<pHKaUHH PTI (To eCTh OTBe'łaIO�eii

Ha Bonpoc «KaK»?) Ba)KHO Bbl.HBJ.łTb J.ł CJ.łCTeMHO ynop.HAO'łHTb Bee

«pa6oTaIO�J.łe» B ,n:aHHOH o6naCTH KOHCTpyKTHBHbie npHHQJ.łnbl. 3To 3a,n:a 'ła

AJI.H cneuHanh- Horo Hccne,n:oBamrn H oT,n:eJlbHOH ny6JrnKaUHH. TeM He MeHee

CTOHT o6paTJ.łTb BHHMaHHe Ha OAHO o6CTO.HTeJibCTBO, 3aKJIIO'łaIO�eec.H B

TOM, 'łTO no KpaHHełł Mepe p.HA KOHCTJ)YKTHBHbIX npHHQJ.łnOB opraHH3aQJ.łJ.ł

PTI .HBJl.HeTc.H o6�HM ,n:n.H napanHHrnanhHhIX PIT (TponoB 11 cT11rr11cT1111ecKHX

qr nryp) J.ł ,n:pyrHX B HAOB PIT. TaK, HanpHMep, npUHLfUn 3K0 H0MUU

( «y6aBneH H.H» ) , unu anno3HTHBHhI H eMy npUHLfUn u36b1mo1mocmu

( « n p H 6 a BJi e H H .H » } , HJIH np UHLfUn K0HmaMUftQł,fUU (06 1, e,n:H H eHH.H

pa3HOPOAHblX o6'heKTOB, .HBJleHHH, Ka'łeCTB H T.,n:.) MOryT 6hITb KOHCT})YKT­

HBHOH OCHOBOH H p.H,n:a CTHJlJ.łCTH'łeCKHX q>Hryp (BXOA.Hl.QJ.łX B 3OHY

napanHHrB aJibHblX PTI}, H HeKOTOpb!X ,npyrux aHTponoc<pepHblX H

HOHaH-rponoc<pepHbIX PTI. CpaBHHM cneAYIO�He TeKCThI.

PIT, nocrpoeHHhie no npuHuuny 3KOHOMHH:

I. 11 '!TO OH c,uenan? - OH HH'łero He c,uenan, oH HeJaMe-rHo np116n11)Kancll K ceoeił )KepTBe, ClKHMall HO3Llpl0 - 113.llanH - 11 - BOT TO, '!TO HaLlO, y)Ke BHCl1T Ha rancTyKe (BeHemtKT Epocj>eee, BaJ1bnyp2ue6a HO'lb, u/lu iuazu KoMaHOopa) - Jnn11nCHc (cj>11rypanbHblH CTHflHCTH'łeCKHH np11eM). Cp.:

2. EaHb pa3JlBHHyn KHMOHO cnepea11, )KaJlHO np11nan ry6aMH K eJlHHCTBeHHOMY COCKY Ha ynpyroił rpya11 AA6epa (BnaJlHMHp CopoKHH, JO)

- napacoMaTH'łeCKHH PIT.

(15)

O

KJ1accu<iJuKa14uu pumopulłecKux npueM06 AREKCAHAP n. CKOBOPOAHHKOB I . «HeonbITHOCTb» MOilO,llblX BOpo6ywKOB 3aCTaBmrna, O,/lHaKO )l(e, npH3a,llyMaTbCll H nHHrBHHa, H nonyraes, H npHCTPOHBWYIOCll K HHM TPllCoryJKY (BeHe,llHKT Epocl>ees, JanucKu ncuxonama)

- nom,1cHH,n:eTOH (qmrypanhHhIH CTHnHCTHąecKHH npHeM). Cp.:

2. MHHHCTP BOHHbl ,/łan CilOBO 6paTbllM lliepeMeTeBblM [ . .. ] Ha 3aCe,llaHHllX CoBeTa OHM ,lla)l(e roBOpHnH xopoM, 6y,llTO 6bmH .llBYMll 3BYKOBbIMH KOilOHKaMH 0,/lHOH CTepeoCHCTeMbl (TTasen KpycaHOB, YKyc aH2eJ1a)

- napanparMaTHąecKHH PIT.

PIT, nocTPoeHHhie no npHHQHny KOHTaMHHaQHH:

I. 3Ta ,lleBywKa BOBCe He ,lleBywKa! 3Ta HCKYCHTenbHHI.,la - He ,llesywKa, a 6anna,lla Illl 6eMOilb Ma)l(op! 3Ta )l(eHIUHHa, :na pbI)l(all CTepBO3a - He )l(eH!UHHa, a BOilXOBaHHe. Bbl cnpOCHTe: «.[I.a r,lle Tb!, BeHH'IKa, ee OTKOnan, H OTKy,lla OHa B3llnacb, :na pbl)l(all cyKa?» (BeHe,llHKT Epocl>ees, MocKBa-llemyiuKu)

- CTOnKHOBeHHe CTHnHCTH'leCKH pa3HOpO,ll;HblX :meMeHTOB (HeqmrypanbHblH CTHnHCTHąecKHH npHeM). Cp.:

2. 11BaHOB (KHBall). TaK . . . 3TO Mbl 3HaeM. A BOT ... KaKall y HaC noro,lla? 11BaHOBa. noro,lla C WHWKaMH (Bna,llHMHp CopoKHH, lleJlbMeHu) -napareoccl>epHbIH Pn.

ITpHBe,n:eHHbie COTIOCTaBneHHH CBH,ll;eTenbCTBYIOT o TOM, ąTO peąb ,ll;OJDKHa H,ll;TH, CKOpee, He o TO)K,lleCTBe, a 06 H30MOpq>H3Me KOHCTP)'I<THBHbIX npHHQH­ TIOB npo,n:yQHpOBaHHH PIT pa3Hb!X OHTOnornąecKHX rpynn. BbIHBneHHe COBOKYTIHOCTH 3THX npHHQHTIOB, a TaK)l(e HX H30MOpq>H3Ma 6y,n:eT Ba)l(Hb!M waroM B HCCne,n:oBaHHH CHCTeMHOH opraHH3aQHH 3nOKYTHBHbIX cpe,n:CTB pyccKoro H3hIKa.

JlHTepaTypa

AneKceeB Il.B., Ilamrn

A.B., 1 998,

<PW1oco<f>UJ1: Y'łe6HuK, MocKBa. ApyT10HoBa

H.,n:., 1999,

Jl3blK u Mup 'leJ1oeeKa, MocKBa.

racnapoB M.JI.,

1987,

<Pu2ypb1 cmUJ1ucmu'lecKue. - JlumepamypHbn"i 3H14uKJ10-neiht'lecKuu cJ10Bapb, MocKBa .

.ll:aMM T.H.,

2003,

Mallo</JopMamHb/e K0MU'leCKUe pe'le6ble :H<:aHpbl coepeMeHHOU poccuiicKou za3emb1 ( J1uH2BocmUJ1ucmu'lecKUii acneKm). ,[(ucc. . . Kaflo. </>WIOJI.

HayK, KpacHo.11pcK .

.ll:eMeHTbeB B.B., Ce.li.OB K.<I>.,

1998,

Coi1uonpa2Mamu'lecKuii acneKm meopuu pe'leBblX :H<:aHpoe: Y'l. noco6ue, CapaToB.

KonHHHa r.A.,

2004,

Bonpocb1 KJ1accu</JuKa14uu pumopu'lecKux npueMoe. PumopuKa-JluH2eucmuKa, Bbm.

5,

CMoneHCK.

KonHHHa r.A. OmKJ10HeHue om 0HmoJ102u'lecKoit HopMbl KaK pumopu'leCKULi npueM (B ne'larn).

(16)

KoponbKOB

B.11., 1 972, <Puzypbl cmWlucmu'lecKue.

-

KpamKQJ/ J1umepamypHaJ1

3H4uKJ1oneoW1, MocKBa.

KypraHOB Eqn1M,

1 997, AHeKoom KaK J/CaHp, CaHKT-IleTep6ypr.

JleH,U.BaH 3H,u.pe,

200 I , Ilpa2MQJ/UH26UCmu'lecKue MeXQHU3Mbl C06peMeHH020

pyccKozo aHeKooma. ABmopecjJ. oucc .. . ooKmopa cjJW10J1. HayK, MocKBa.

HumepamypHblil 3H4uKJ1oneou'lecKui1 Cfl0Bapb,

1 987, MocKBa.

Mecponoaa

O.M.,

1 999, CmpyKmypHb1e, npazMamu'lecKue u cooepJ/CameJlbHble

acneKmbl meKcmomunoB «aHeKoom» u «iuymKa» (Ha MamepuaJle aMepuKaHCKUX

meKcmoB) . KaHouoamCKaJl ouccepmai/UR, CaHKT-IleTep6ypr.

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CUM60flbl, JHaKu, 3M6J1eMb1: 3m1uKJ1oneot1J1,

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CKoBopo,11.HHKOB A.Il.,

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opu'leCKUU npueM», «cmUJ1ucmil'-leCKQJI </JU2ypa», «pe'leBQJ/ maKmuKa», «pe'leBoil

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(17)

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Hay'łHblX cmameii, CapaToB.

On the Classification of Rhetorical Devices

On the paper the conception of a rhetorical device (RD), suggested in the author's

previous publications is being developed. The RD means a deliberate and pragmatically

motivated deviation from different varieties of the norm, which is regarded too widely as

an onthological category.

The onthological typology of the norms and the corresponding typology of RD are

constructed on the basis of a fragmentation of the «naive world picture», which is given

not by philosophical theory, but is drawn directly from the whole complex of the texts that

served as a matter to research (mostly anecdotes, some Russian folk tałes, fantasy and

post-modemistic fiction).

As a result of the research some particular onthologies and corresponding RD types

were pointed out and new terms suggest. Besides the RD classification on the onthologi­

cal basis the author offers the idea that the most important significance for rhetorics is the­

ir operational classification which could disclose the system of principles (mechanisms)

of RD construction. This idea is being illustrated by the examples of RD which are orga­

nized according to the principles of economy, redundancy and contamination. In addition

to what is said above the paper gives a systematical characterization of the elocutive devi­

ces inherent to the genre of newspaper anecdotes.

Keywords:

rhetorica/ device, classification, onthology, world picture, norm, deviation

from the norm, pragmatical motivation, principle of deviation of the norm, isomorphism.

[e-mail: skapnat@mail.ru]

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