ROCZNIKI GLEBOZNAWCZE, T. X X X II, NR 3, W ARSZA W A 1981
R E N A T A BULICZ
SPATIAL REFERENCE SCHEME OF THE DATA IN BIGLEB SYSTEM P o lish S o il S cien ce S o ciety , W orking G roup on S oil
In fo rm a tio n S y ste m BIG L EB
A IM S A N D C RITERIA OF R EFERENCE SC HEM ES
The reference schemes of data on n atu ra l and anthropogenic environ m ent should consist of distinguished spatial units of n atu ral environm ent of the a rth globe. However, in view of a lack of such units distinguished in a uniform way, n atu ral areas of reference fields of inform ation could not be assumed. Thus, it have been stated th a t a new arrangem ent of the inform ation reference fields based on the already existing theoretical or physical artificial spatial divisions of the earth globe or its p art should be worked out.
At the beginning of the investigations, aims, conditions and criteria, which should correspond w ith the spatial reference scheme suitable for the inform ation system on the n atu ral and anthropogenic environm ent integrating inform ation of different kind and origin, have been d eter mined [3, 4, 5, 6, 7].
The basic aims, which should be reached by application of the spatial scheme in n atu ral inform ation systems have been defined as follows [7, 8] :
1. Connection and incorporation into a uniform spatial stru ctu re of data forming a com puter data bank on n atu ral environm ent (including soil).
2. Collecting by means of com puter spatial characteristics in dif ferent them atical, territorial, organizational and tim e aspects.
On the basis of analysis of the above aims, the conditions, which the spatial reference scheme of data suitable for the BIGLEB soil inform ation system should fulfil, have been established. These conditions are as follows :
1. A daptation for collecting and recording of data originating from different docum entation forms (graphical, numerical, descriptional).
2. Application for the simultaneous autom atic processing (analyses, syntheses and estimations of inform ation collections) of source data
ori-ginating from various docum entation sources and concerning the same object in the area.
3. Making possible a num erical record of cartographic data origi nating from various cartographic sources w ith regard to content, scale and division of map sheets.
4. Possibility of recording interpreted cartographic data supplem en ted by statistical data for spatial planning purposes.
5. Possibility of recording also data originating directly from area. 6. Making possible to get by means of electronic digital machines processed num erical data in various forms of graphical presentation as well as of graphical inform ation in num erical presentation.
7. A daptation for recording of the data and for presentation of auto m atically processed data at various degrees of m inuteness and accuracy of spatial identification (depending on the least unit of the system).
8. Possibility of aggregation and disaggregation of inform ation in a spatial unit of an arb itrary , irregular shape.
9. A bility of expressing by the assumed scheme of any other spatial schemes of different stru cture and shape of units, i.e. making possible transition by means of the proposed scheme to other ones.
10. A daptation to a continuous updating and recording of data. 11. Possibility of comparing inform ation at different time intervals. The form ulation of the above aims and conditions enabled to establish features and criteria, according to which the spatial scheme for BIGLEB should be designed. The principal features and criteria of the scheme form ation would be as follows :
— invariability in time,
— neccéssity of form ation of the scheme on the basis of theoretical division accomplished according to the m athem atical and cartographic principles,
— such scheme should refer to already existing uniform m athem atic al and cartographic divisions of the earth globe (according to geographic or rectangular flat coordinates),
— structu re of the scheme should be of a regular geometry,
— elem entary units of the scheme should have equal fields w ith regard to size and shape (almost square),
— units of the scheme should be connected in a hierarchical way (of storeys),
— structure of the scheme should be open, i.e. the scheme can be widened or narrow ed by the units of higher or lower order, w ithout any change of its principal structure.
D E SIG N OF THE SC HEM E OF M ODEL FIE LD S FOR BIG L E B SY STE M
Reference of data in BIGLEB system 247
soil was worked out by the Polish Soil Science Society in 1978 (Fig. 1). This scheme covering the whole country te rrito ry consists of m arked fields of equal size and shape (almost square), w here “basic fields” are
fields of 1 0 0 hectares (cm2 in the scale of 1 : 1 0 0 0 0 0) w ith deviations
from the assumed value varying w ithin — 8°/o-+4°/o on the P oland’s territo ry. A superior un it in relation to the “basic field” is the “basic block” of the size about 108 km 2. The basic fields have been form ed in consequence of division of a basic block into 108 parts, and basic block — of division of the sheets of the map of 1 : 100 000 into 9 parts [1].
A considerable condensation of the netw ork of m arked fields to basic fields of 25 hectares in size by division of basic fields of 100 hectares into 4 parts is provided.
M arked fields in the designed scheme are denoted uniform ly w ith num erical codes in the following way.
Basic blocks have been num bered beginning from the zero point of the scheme according to m eridional and parallel columns correspond
w ith the sides of blocks, w ith the num bers from 0 1 to 61 in the direction
from west to east and w ith the num bers from 01 to 72 from n o rth to south. Basic fields of 100 hectares have been num bered inside w ithin the basic blocks by denotation of sectors of horizontal and vertical sides
of block w ith the num bers from 01 to 1 2 and 1 to 9. The basic field
of 25 hectares has been num bered inside particular fields w ith Nos 1-4. The range of total num erical codes of basic fields of 100 hectares for fields from the first to the last am ounted to 01100101-72906112, w here the first two num bers denote the No. of parellel belt of the block ; the th ird num ber denotes the No. of side of the basic field of 100 hec tares along the m eridian (within the block) ; the fou rth num ber for the
codes of fields of 1 0 0 hectares will be always equal to 0, as this place is
reserved for the No. of the basic field of 25 hectares ; the fifth and sixth num ber denote the No. of m eridional belt of the block ; the seventh and eight num bers denote the No. of side of the field of 100 hectares along the parellel w ithin the block.
The scheme of m arked fields for BIGLEB system, for the practical application purpose, should be plotted as a netw ork of basic fields in such scale, in which the cartographic source docum entation w ith the data to be recorded in accordance w ith m arked fields, will be available.
In the course of recording the location of soil profiles num erical codes of basic fields w ith the soil profile are noted. P arallelly, the codes of district, commune, town and premises are recorded according to denotations of the Chief Census Office. The soil profile location data obtained are entered in a standard form of the record of data concerning the spatial identification and basic features of the soil profile nam ed “the p attern of the BKA-510101 card” [9]. These cards constitute a basis for establishm ent of a data file of the soil profile investigation places.
rk ed fi e ld s of th e ar ea of ^ 10 0 an d ^ 25 h e k ta r e s as a sp a ti a l r e fe r e n c e sc h e m e d at a in th e B IG L E B sy st em in m ed iu m an d la rg e sca le s (1 : 10 0 00 0 an d 1 : 25 0 00 )
Reference of data in BIGLEB system 249
In the period 1979-1980 the designed scheme of m arked fields in 10 districts was introduced for establishing the BIGLEB BKA-01 data file.
R EFEREN CES
[1] В u 1 i с z R. : C oncept and p roposal of the in fo rm a tio n sy stem referen ce sch em e for th e BIG L E B so il m ed iu m in fo rm a tio n sy stem . P ra ce Kom . N auk. PTG V /36, 1978.
[2] C h a n g K. , A d a m s J. M. , R h i n d D., B o y d J. : G rid square m apping by com p u ter and p h o to ty p esetter. J. R oyal T ow n P la n n . 57, 1971, 6 (Great B ri tain).
[3] G о s s e n s R., de S с h u y t e r J. : M ethod for d raw in g fo rest m aps by m ean s of an o ffic e com puter. M eded. Fac. L a n d b o u w -w eten sch . R ijk su n iv . G en t 35, 1970, 1.
[4] M o n m o n i e r M. S. : T he scope of com p u ter m apping. B ull. G eogr. and Map D iv. Spec. L ibr. A ssoc. 81, 1970, 14 (U SA ).
[5] S o w t o n М. : A u to m a tio n in cartograp h y at th e ordinance su rvey, 39, 1971, 1 (G reat B ritain).
[6] Torri Eichro, Seto R eiko, K am k nish i T okihito : U se of data according to the n etw o rk m esh es and o f m a p -n etw o rk at reg io n a l p lan n in g. T ig a k y Z assi. J. G eogr. 80, 1971, 6 (Japan).
[7] T r u s z k o w s k a R., B u l i c z H. : D escrip tio n of th e in itia l tra ils on record - in data con cern in g th e geograp h ic en v iro n m en t. In fo rm a tio n BO ITiE G eod. i K artogr. 18, 1973, 2.
[8] T r u s z k o w s k a R., B u l i c z H. : Stu d y on the num erical record of the source data (ZND) in th e geograp h ic e n v iro n m en t in fo rm a tio n system . P race IG iK 20, 1/46, 1973.
[9] T r u s z k o w s k a R. : T h esau ru s of data record ing on soil p rofile. P race Kom . N auk. PTG 4/V/39, 1979.
R. BULICZ
PO LA ZNA CZO NE JA K O U K Ł A D O D N IE SIE N IA PRZESTR ZEN N EG O D A N Y C H W SY STE M IE B IG LEB
P o lsk ie T o w a rzy stw o G leb o zn a w cze
G rupa R obocza S y stem u In fo rm a ty czn eg o o Ś rod ow isk u G leb o w y m — BIG LEB
S t r e s z c z e n i e
O p racow an ie ob ejm u je zasad y p odziału obszaru P o lsk i na pola znaczone, u sta lon e za pom ocą siatk i k w a d ra tó w od p o w ia d a ją cy ch p o w ierzch n io m od 0,01 do 10 k m 2. P ola te służą do n o to w a n ia d an ych źród łow ych o śro d o w isk u g leb o w y m w u k ład zie zin teg ro w a n y m z in fo rm a cja m i o w aru n k ach p rzyrod n iczych i sta n ie zagosp od arow an ia p rzestrzen n ego.
Mgr R e n a t a Bu licz
P o ls k ie T o w a r z y s t w o G e l b o z n a w c z e W a r sz a w a , ul. W i ś n i o w a 61
