Proceedings of the Institution of British Foundrymen, Vol. 31 (1937-1938)

J. J.P., M.P.

President of the Institute.

Mr. Hepworth served his apprenticeship with Thornton A:

Crebbin, Limited, engineers, of Bradford, and after this period was appointed manager of the firm of E. B. Grandage, tool makers. He held this position for tw elve years, and then, with his father, he founded the com pany of Hepworth <fe Grandage, Limited, of which he was managing director until 1033. A Justice of the Peace, Mr. Hepworth was elected to Parliament in 1 9 , and was re-elected in 1935 as a National Conservative. His present industrial activity is mainly connected with the Bradford Piston and Piston Ring Company.

Limited, Bradford, of which he is the Chairman. In the sphere of sport Mr. Hepworth is Chairman of the Bradford Northern Union Rugby Football Club, whilst he has always interested him self in motor racing, and has won many trophies.

P

OF T H E . . .

I

B

F

.

e X X X I. 1937-1938.

//_ _______

f a

Containing the Report of the Thirty- Fifth Annual Conference, held at Bradford, June 14th, 15th, 16th, and 17th, 1938 ; also Papers presented to Branch Meetings held during the Session 1937-1938 and Discussions thereon.

Edited by T. Makemson.

Published by the Institute of British Foundrymen.

General Office :

Saint John Street Cham bers, Deansgate, M anchester, 3.

(Registered Office : 49, W ellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.)

FOUNDRYMEN

O F F I C E R S 1 9 3 8 - 1 9 3 9

PR E SID E N T :

J . H epw orth, J.P ., M .P., Ingle Nook, Bolton Road, B radford.

V ICE-PRESID EN TS :

W. B. Lake, J.P ., Albion W orks, B raintree, Essex.

Major R. Miles, M .Eng., Teesdale Ironworks, Thornaby-on-Toes.

PAST-PRESIDEN TS :

(Surviving Past-Presidents are ex-officio members of the Council.) R. Buchanan. (Deceased, 1924) 1904-1905.

H. Pilkington. (Deceased.) 1906-1907.

F. J . Cook, M .I.M ech.E., 31, Poplar Avenue, Edgbaston, P. Longm uir, M .B.E., D.Met., 2, Queen’s Road, Sheffield. C. Jones. (Deceased, 1923.) 1912.S. A. Gimson, J.P . (Deceased, 1938.) 1913-1914.W. M ayer. (Deceased, 1923.) 1915.J . Ellis. (Deceased, 1930.) 1916-1917.T. H. F irth. (Deceased, 1925.) 1918.John L ittle, M .I.M ech.E. (Deceased, 1932.) 1919.M atthew Riddell. 1920.R. O. P atterson, Pioneer W orks, Blaydon-on-Tyne. 1924.J. Cameron, J.P ., Cameron Oliver Stubbs. (Deceased, 1932.) 1921.H. L. Reason. 1922.Oliver Stubbs. 1923.V. C. Faulkner, F.R.S.A., 49, W ellington Street, Strand, J . T. Goodwin, M .B.E., M .I.M ech.E., Sheepbridge Coal S. H. Russell, B ath Lane, Leicester. 1928.Wesley Lam bert, C.B.E., “ G reyfriars,” Sea Drive, West- F. P. W ilson, J .P ., “ P ark h urst,” M iddlesbrough. 1930.A. H arley, The D aim ler Company, Lim ited, Coventry.Victor Stobie, M .I.E.E., The Stobie Steel Company, C. E. W illiam s, J.P ., “ Coniston,” Cefn-Coed Road, R oath Roy Stubbs, 36, Broadway, Cheadle, Cheshire. 1934.J. E. H urst, “ A shleigh,” Trent Valley Road, Lichfield, C. W. Bigg, “ Selworthy,” Burley Lane, Quarndon, near H. W interton, M oorlands, M ilngavie, D um bartonshire.B irm ingham , 17. 1908-1909.1910-1911.tilloch, Scotland. 1925London, W.C.2. 1926.Iron Company, Lim ited, Chesterfield. 1927.gate-on-Sea. 1929.1931.Lim ited, Dunston House, H arrogate. 1932.Park, Cardiff. 1933.Staffs. 1935.1936. & Robertson, Lim ited, K irkin­&

Derby. 1937.

HON. TREASU RER : S. H. Russell, B ath Lane, Leicester.

SECRETARY AND ED ITO R AND GENERAL O FFICE : Tom M akemson, Assoc.M.C.T., St. John Street Chambers,

D eansgate, M anchester, 3.(Registered Office : 49, W ellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.2.) AUDITORS :

J. & A. W. Sully & Company, 19/21, Queen Victoria Street,

London, E.C.4.

DE LE GATES EL E CT ED A T A N N U A L GE NERA L M E E T I N G :

Prof. J. H. Andrew, D.Sc., D epartm ent of M etallurgy, St. George’s Square, Sheffield, 1.

H . B unting, 11, N orm Avenue, Darley. Abbey, near Derby.

V. Delport, Caxton House E ast, W estm inster, London, S.W.l.

A. B. Everest, Ph.D ., B.Sc., The Mond N ickel Company, Lim ited, Tham es House, M illbank, London, S.W .l.

J . W. Gardom, 39, B ennetts H ill, B irm ingham , 2.

B. H ird, “ H ill View,” 111, Rhyd-y-Penau Road, Cyncoed, Cardiff.

E. Longden, 11, W elton Avenue, D idsbury P ark, M an­chester.

F. K. N eath, B.Sc., Hollywell House, Armley, Leeds, 12.

P A. Russell, B.Sc., B ath Lane, Leicester.

D. H. Wood, “ Kingswood,” P ark Road, Mcseley, B ir­m ingham , 13.

BR AN CH D E LE G A T E S : (Branch represented shown in brackets.) J. B. Allan, M.A., The Staveley Coal & Iron Com pany,

Lim ited, Staveley, near Chesterfield. (Sheffield.) G. W. Brown, M .I.M ech.E., The A ustin M otor Com pany, Lim ited, Longbridge W orks, B irm ingham . mingham .) (B ir­

R. H. Buckland, “ Forem ark,” 28, G range Avenue Nor- manton, Derby. (East M idlands.) W N. Cook, B.Sc., 10, Stanley Road, H eaton Moor, btockport. (Lancashire.) J . W. Donaldson, D.Sc., Scott’s Shipbuilding & -Engineer­

ing Company, Lim ited, Greenock, Scotland. (Scottish.) E. B Ellis, 36, K ings Road, M onkseaton, N orthum berland (Newcastle.) J . Jackson, Howard & Bullough, Lim ited, A ccrington Lancs. (Lancashire.) R. A. Jones, W. Foundry, Pendlebury, near M anchester. (Lancashire.)^& J. F. Jones, Lim ited, Pendleburv C. H. K ain, Lake B raintree, Essex. (London.)& Elliot, Lim ited, Albion W orks B. B. K ent, Heversham , Bromley Avenue, Brom ley K ent (London.) H . W. Lockwood, Stew arts & Lloyds, Lim ited, W inchester House, Old B road Street, London, E.C.2. (London.) G. T. Lunt, “ San Simeon,” N ewbridge Crescent, W olver­ham pton. (Birm ingham .) R. A. Miles, 16, D eansgate, M anchester, 3. (Lancashire.) N. M cManus, M .B.E The A rgus Foundry, Thornliebank near Glasgow. (Scottish.) A. E. Peace, Caerhayes, Evans Avenue, Allestree near Derby. (East M idlands.)

pridd, Glam. (W ales and Mon.)

N. D. Ridsdale, F.C.S., 3, Wilson Street, M iddlesbrough. (M iddlesbrough.) J - ,5,ox£ urgh< 583’ M anchester Road, Sheffield, 10. (Sheffield.) T. Shanks, Leslio Park, Denny, Stirlingshire. (Scottish.) J. N. Simm, 61, M arine Drive, M onkseaton, N orthum ber­land. (Newcastle.) W. G. Thornton, “ R iverslea,” Cottingley Bridge, Binglev Yorks. (W .R. oi Yorks.) A. Tipper, B.Sc., The Fordath E ngineering Company, Lim ited, H am blet W orks, W est Bromwich. m ingham .) (B ir­

A. W. W alker, “ Ailsa C raig," 113, D alton Green Lane, Huddersfield. (W .R. of Yorks.)

•T. G. Pearce, M.Sc., M .I.E.E., F .Inst.P ., 21, St. P aul’s Square, B irm ingham , 3.

(Ex-officio m em bers of the Council.!

B IR M IN G H A M .

L. W. Bolton, A .M .I.M ech.E., 21, St. P au l’s Square, B irm ingham , 3.

A. A. Timmins, A .I.C., 21, St. P au l’s Square, B irm ing­ham, 3.

EAST M IDLANDS.

R. Spriggs, 43, Outwood’s Drive, Loughborough.

B. Gale, “ P arkdale,” Boulton Lane, Alvaston, Derby.

LAN CA SHIRE.

H . V. G rundy, 359, W ashway Road, Sale, Cheshire.

J. E. Cooke, 7, W arren Drive, Swinton, M anchester.

LONDON.

C. C. Booth, J.P ., M iidm ay W orks, Burnham -on-Crouch, Essex.

G. W. D aglish, Stew arts House, Old B road Street, London, E.C.2.^& Lloyds, Lim ited, W inchester M ID DLESBROU GH .

M ajor R. Miles, M .Eng., Teesdale Ironw orks, Thornaby-on- Tees.

G. P. K irk, The N orth E astern Iron Refining Com pany, Lim ited, Stiliington, Stockton-on-Tees.

NEW CASTLE-UPON-TYNE AND D ISTRIC T.

G. Elston, R. St. P eter’s Works, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.& W. H aw thorn Leslie & Company, Lim ited, C. Lashly, Sir W. G; A rm strong W hitw orth & Com pany (lronfounders), Lim ited, Close W orks, Gateshead-on- Tyne.

SCOTTISH.

R B allantine, D uncruin, N orth Street, M otherwell, Scotland.

J. Bell, 60, St. Enoch Square, Glasgow, C.l.

SH E FFIE L D .

Prof. J. H. Andrew, D.Sc., D epartm ent of M etallurgy, St. George’s Square, Sheffield, 1.

T R. W alker, M.A., The Priory, O ughtibridge, near Sheffield.

SOUTH A FRICA N.

A. H . Guy, The Eclipse Tube Mill Liners (P roprietary), Lim ited, Box 438, Benoni, Transvaal, South Africa F. C. W illiam s, M agoj House (F ifth Floor), 74, Fox Street, Johannesburg, South A frica.

W ALES AND M ONM OUTH.

R. G. W illiam s, " Rossmore,” R hydhelig Avenue, Cardiff J . J. M cClelland, 12, Clifton Place, Newport, Mon.

W EST R ID IN G OF Y O R K SH IR E .

A. S. W orcester, Toria House, 162, V ictoria Road, Lock­wood. Huddersfield S. W. Wise, 110, Pulían Avenue, Eccleshili, Bradford.

BRANCH PRESIDENTS AND HONORARY BRANCH SECRETARIES.

These Sections are p art of the Branches with which they are associated. The Presidents and Secretaries of Sections receive invitations to attend m eetings of the Council.

EAST M IDLANDS—LINCOLN SECTION.

G. L. H arbach, W indsor Lodge, Coddington Road, Newark Notts.

E. R. W alter, M.Sc., The Technical College, Lincoln.

LAN CA SHIRE—BURNLEY SECTION.

D Malone, 32, Pendle Street, Accrington, Lancs.

W. H aw orth, 37, W estbourne Avenue, Burnley, Lancs.

LONDON—EAST ANGLIAN SECTION.

Colonel C. Portw ay, Monks Lodge, G reat M aplestead, H alstead, Essex.

J. L. Francis, R anelagh W orks, Ipsw ich, Suffolk.

SCOTTISH—FA L K IR K SECTION.

R. R. Shaw, Brom age Brae, Larbert, Stirlingshire.

T R, Goodwin, “ Viewfield, ’ Bonnybridge, Stirlingshire.

W ALES AND M ONM OUTH—BBISTO L SECTION.

A. V. Biggs, 26, Cowper Road, Redland, Bristol.

A. H ares, 648, Stapleton Road, Bristol, 5.

PRESIDENTS AND HONORARY SECRETARIES OF SECTIONS.

H O NORA RY CO RRESPONDING M E M B E R S OF COUNCIL.

AUSTRALIA.

W. T. M ain, T. M ain George Street, E ast M elbourne, Victoria.& Sons (Proprietary), Lim ited, 29, CZECHOSLOVAKIA.

Professor Dr. M ont F r. Pisek, Technical H igh School, Brno.

GERMANY.

Dr. Ing. T. G eilenkirchen, Technischer H auptausschuss für Giessereiwesen, Pem pelforterstrasse 50/52, Düssel­dorf.

ITALY.

Dr. Ing. Guido V anzetti, 73, Corso Venezia, M ilan.

SOUTH AFRICA.

A H. Moore, Standard Brass Foundry, Benoni, Transvaal.

T H E “ O L IV E R S T U B B S ” GOLD M E D A L 1938 Award to Mr. S. E. DAWSON, F.I.C .,

"has presented to almost ail the B ranches of the Institute.” in recognition of the m any valuable Papers which he

The Oliver Stubbs M edal has been awarded as follows 1922 —F. J. Cook, M .I.M ech.E.

1923.—W. H. Sherburn.

1924.—John Shaw.

1925.—A. Campion, F .l.C . 1926.—A. R. B artlett.

1927.—Professor E m eritus Thomas Turner, M.Sc.

1928.—J . W. Donaldson, D.Sc.

1929.—W esley Lam bert, C.B.E.

1930.—Jam es Ellis.

1931.—John Cameron, J.P . 1932.—J. E. H urst.

1933.—J. W . Gardom.

1934.—V. C. Faulkner.

1935.—No Award.

1936-~ E . Longden } r*’4V0 Awards.

1937.—P. A. Russell, B.Sc.

1938.—S. E. Dawson, F.l.C .

M E R IT O R IO U S S E R V IC E S M E D A L The M eritorious Services M edal has been awarded as

follows :—

1933.—F. W. Finch.

1934.—J. J. McClelland.

1935.—H . B unting.

1936.—J. Smith.

1937.—No Award.

1938.—No Award.

T H E “ E. J. FOX ” GOLD M E D A L 1938 Award to Mr. J. E. HURST.

The E. J. Fox Gold M edal has been awarded as follows

1937.—Professor E m eritus Thomas Turner, M.Sc.

1938.—J. E. H urst.

were aw arded to—

Mr. A. T IP P E R , for his P aper on “ N atu rally Bonded or Synthetic M oulding Sands,” presented to the B irm ing­ham Branch.

Mr. A. P H IL L IP S , for his P aper “ Some P oints on Non- Ferrous Foundry Practice,” presented to the L ancashire Branch.

Mr. P. FASSOTTE, for his P aper on “ Trends of Conti­nental Steel Foundry P ractice,” presented to the London Branch.

Mr. B. MacDOUGALL, for his P aper on “ H igh-D uty Iron

—Some Experim ents with the R ocking Arc Furnace,”

presented to the Scottish Branch.

Mr. J. CAMERON, Junr., for his P aper on “ E quipping a F ettling Shop,” presented to the Scottish B ranch.

Mr. W. J . REES, for his Papers on “ R efractories,” pre­sented to the B urnley Section of the L ancashire Branch, and on “ Some F undam ental Properties of M oulding Sands,” read before the L ancashire Branch.

Mr. F. W H ITEH O U SE, for his P aper on “ A G eneral E ngineering Foundry,” presented to the B ristol Section of the W ales and M onmouth Branch.

T H E “ E D W A R D W I L L I A M S ” L E C T U R E The following lectures have now been delivered

1935 —“ M an and M etal ” (delivered a t Sheffield.—Sir W ILLIA M J . LARKE, K .B.E.

1936.— Cast Iron and the Engineer ” (delivered at Glasgow).—Prof. A. L. M ELLANBY, D.Sc.

1937.—“ Factors in the C asting of M etals ” (delivered at Derby).—C. H . DESCH, D.Sc., Ph.D ., F.R .S.

1938.—Not delivered.

CONTENTS.

PAPER NO.

A n n u a l C o n f e r e n c e , B r a d f o r d :—

Annual General Meeting Annual Report

Balance Sheet and Income and Expenditure Account Annual Report of the Technical Committee Election of Officers

Presidential Address Annual Banquet

P a p e r s p r e s e n t e d a t B r a d f o r d C o n fe r e n c e : —

631 The Randupson Process of Cement M oulding; by F. AY.

Rowe, B.Sc.

Discussion

632 R elief of Internal Stress in C astings; by L. E. Benson, M.Sc., and H. Allison, B.Sc.

Discussion

633 English and American Steel-Foundry P ractice; by C. J.

Dad6well, Ph.D ., B.Sc. (Eng.), Ing.E.S.F.

Discussion

634 Heat-Treatable Aluminium-Silicon Casting A lloy s; by Gaston G. Gauthier

635 Aluminium Casting Alloys ; by G. Giirtler

636 Some Physical Factors in Casting H igh Strength B rasses;

by J. E. Newson, M.Met.

Joint Discussion on Papers Nos. 634, 635, and 636 637 Chemical Changes in Cupola M elting; by James T.

MacKenzie

638 Copper in Cast Iron ; by A. J. Nicol Sm ith, B.Sc.

Discussion

639 Modern Manufacture o f Machine-Tool C astings; by J. Blakiston, A.I.M ech.E

Discussion

640 Sand-Blasting as Applied to the A^itreous Enamelling Process ; by H. AVhitaker, M.Sc. ..

D iscussion

P a p e r s P r e s e n t e d to B r a n c h e s

641 Equipping of a Fettling Shop ; by John Cameron, Junr. ..

642 Trends o f Continental Steel-foundry Practice ; by P. C.

Fassotte Discussion

[’AGE

11

81618 2641

50

10673 124140 148177 185205 225242

259289 329 339362 373381

391 405420

Arc Furnace ; by B. MacDougall .. .. .. . • 433

D iscussion .. .. .. . . .. .. .. 454

614 Some Points on Non-Ferrous Foundry P ractice; by A. Phillips .. .. .. .. .. .. • • 471

Discussion .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 501

645 N aturally Bonded or Synthetic Moulding Sand ?; by A. Tipper, B.Sc. .. .. .. .. .. • • 512 646 Patternm aking for Production Moulding ; by S. A. Horton 544

Discussion .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 568

647 Production of Some Intricately-Cored Iron C astings; by T. R. Harris .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 575

Discussion .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 591

648 Some Aspects of the Casting of Commercial In g o ts; by W. A. C. Newman, B.Sc., A.R.S.M ., A.R.C.S., F.I.C. .. 598

Discussion .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 622

649 Classification of Foundry Sands ; by T. R. Walker, M.A. .. 632 650 Some Notes on the Properties of Chilled Metallic Shot and

Grit Used in Sand-Blasting ; by J. E. Hurst and J. H. D.

Bradshaw .. .. .. .. .. .. . . 642

Discussion .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 668

651 Time and M otion Study in the Foundry ; by C. D. Pollard 678

Discussion .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 705

652 Use of Plywood for Patternm aking; by Lieut.-Col.

W. J. G r o s e . . . . 7 1 9

653 Feeding of Castings with Special Reference to the Steam- Pressure Method ; by Ben Hird .. . . . . . . 730

Discussion .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 36

654 Copper in Cast Iron and Malleable Iron ; by W. B. Sallitt . . 740

Discussion .. .. .. .. .. ,. _ # 754

655 Carbon and Alloy Steel Castings; by J. E. Mercer and

D. K. Barclay .. .. .. .. .. 7 7 1

656 Moulding Sand with Special Reference to Blind Scabs * by S. Carter and A. W. W alk er... . . 7g7

lN D E X 821

The Institute of British Foundrymen

T H IR T Y-FIF TH A N N U A L CONFERENCE,

BRADFORD JUNE 14, IS, 16 and 17, 1938

The thirty-fifth Annual General M eeting of the Institute was held at the Bradford Technical Col­

lege on Tuesday, June 14. Mr. C. W. Bigg (retiring President) presided.

A N N U A L G ENERAL M EETING

The minutes of the preceding Annual General Meeting, held at Derby in June, 1937, were taken as read, confirmed and signed.

The Annual R eport of the Council for the session 1937-38 was then presented.

ANNUAL REPORT

This report covers the period May 1, 1937, to April 30, 1938, and the Statem ent of Accounts for the year ended December 31, 1937.

The past year has been one of the most suc­

cessful in the history of the Institute. The record membership announced twelve months ago has been substantially increased, and is now 2,220; the finances are in a sound condition, and every departm ent of the In stitu te’s work has made progress. This happy position is due largely to a recognition of the increasing value of the Institute to the industry, and to a rapidly growing recognition by the individual foundry- man of the value of membership.

9

Table I shows the changes in membership which have taken place during the year, and an analysis of the present membership is given in Table II, the figures for the previous year being given in brackets for comparison.

Deaths

The Council regrets to report the deaths of fourteen members. Included in this number are many who had taken an im portant part in the work of the Institute and were widely known throughout the industry, including: —

M r. G. B. R. Taverner, a well-known mem­

ber of the London Branch.

Mr. T. B. McBride, of Wallsend-on-Tyne, who at the tim e of his death was Senior Vice- President of the Newcastle Branch.

Mr. H. Stead, a former secretary, and at the time of his death the assistant secretary, of the Lancashire Branch.

M ajor R. A. Bull, of Chicago, who was a prominent member of the American Foundry- men’s Association, and a member of this In ­ stitute since 1922. In 1923 he presented the American Exchange Paper to the Annual Con­

ference of the Institute.

Mr. J. B. Johnson, a Past-President of the Birmingham Branch.

Mr. G. H. Oxley, a prom inent member of the Sheffield Branch.

Mr. F. Bainbridge, a member of the Middlesbrough Branch, and a Carnegie Gold M edallist of the Iron and Steel Institute.

Mr. E. H. Tyson, a well-known aluminium founder and a Past-President of the Birm ing­

ham Branch.

Although not actually members of the Insti­

tute, several notable gentlemen associated with the industry have died during the past twelve months, and of these the following were particu­

larly well known to many members : —-

Sir John Dewrance, G.B.E., Past-President of the Institute of M etals and of the B ritish

Cast Iron Research Association, who, at the 1929 International Foundry Congress in London, entertained the participants at a re­

ception at the Guildhall.

M r. G. B atty, a pioneer of electric-furnace steelmaking, and a well-known figure both in American and B ritish steel-foundry circles.

Mr. T. E. Bashford, a founder and former treasurer of the Middlesbrough Branch.

Honours Conferred upon Members Among the members who have been honoured during the past twelve months are : —

Mr. P. M. Booth, who was knighted by His M ajesty the King, at the time of the Corona­

tion last May.

Professor Dr. M ont Fr. Pisek, who was decorated by the French Government with the Cross of Chevalier of the Legion of Honour.

Sir Harold Carpenter, F.R .S., Ph.D ., who received the Gold Medal presented by the Verein Deutscher Eisenhüttenleute.

Mr. C. W. Bigg, President of the Institute, who was elected a patron of the Derby Society of Engineers.

Mr. W. J. Rees, who was re-elected Presi­

dent of Pie Refractories Association of Great B ritain in May, 1937.

Mr. Frank Russell, who was elected Presi­

dent of the same Association in succession to Mr. Rees in May, 1938, a few days after the period officially covered by this report.

Mr. A. C. Turner, who was re-elected Presi­

dent of the Foundry Trades’ Equipm ent and Supplies Association.

The Council is also gratified to note th at Mr.

A. Brizon, President of the Association Tech­

nique de Fonderie, has had the Cross of Chevalier of the Legion of Honour conferred upon him.

Finances

The rapidly-increasing membership has had its effect upon the finances ; expenditure has natur­

ally increased, but this has been more than compensated for by the increased income. The

b2

4

excess of income over expenditure for the year ended December 31, 1937, amounted to the hand­

some sum of £372 9s. 3d., which is the largest credit balance for any year since 1922.

Technical Development Fund

A t the opening m eeting of the Derby Confer­

ence, the President announced the presentation by his co-directors of Qualcast, Limited, and him­

self, of the sum of £500 to form the nucleus of an endowment fund to be used for the promotion of the work of the Education and Technical Com­

mittees. The meeting gratefully accepted the generous gift and tendered its thanks to the donors. The Council now takes this opportunity to record its sincere thanks to the donors and its appreciation of this recognition of the value of the Institute’s technical work.

At a meeting of the Council held in October, Mr. C. W. Bigg, Mr. J. Cameron, Mr. W. B.

Lake, Mr. S. H. Russell and Mr. C. E. Williams were appointed Trustees of the Fund.

E. J. Fox Gold Medal

At the annual general meeting in June, 1936, the Council accepted the most generous offer of Mr. E. J. Fox, managing director of the Stanton Ironworks Company, Limited, of £500 for the establishment of a Gold Medal, which was to he presented to the individual who had contributed in some outstanding way to the progress of the foundry industry, with particular reference to foundry metallurgy. On the recommendation of the two assessors, Sir W illiam J. Larke, K .B .E., and Prof. Sir Harold Carpenter, F .R .S., Ph.D ., the Council decided to make the first award of the medal to Professor Em eritus Thomas Turner, M.Sc., “ as a recognition of his work on the effects of silicon on cast iron, and his other con­

tributions to the m etallurgy of cast iron, which may be considered to have formed the foundation of modern foundry practice.” The presentation was made at the Annual Conference in Derby last year.

5

Total. 2,065 253 2,318 98 2,220

Associate students. 27 9 36 5 1£

Associates.

--H t''-

<M OÎ

pH 148 11 CO

Associate members. 987 117 1,104 51 1,053

Members. 864 92 956 30 926

Subscribing firms. 66 8 74 1 Si

At April 30, 1937 Additions and transfers from other grades Losses and transfers to other grades At April 30, 1938..

This year the Council has accepted the recom­

m endation of the assessors th a t the M edal be awarded to Mr. J. E. H urst, Past-President of the Institute, to whom it will be presented at the Annual Conference a t Bradford.

Awards

Oliver Stubbs Medal.—At the Conference held at Derby in June, 1937, the Oliver Stubbs Medal for 1937 was awarded to : —

Mb. P. A. Ru s s e l l, B .S^c., “ for his work in promoting the technical development of iron- foundry practice : (a) as Convener of the Cast Iron Sub-Committee of the Technical Committee;

(b) for his work in connection with the prepara- tion of specifications; and (c) for Papers given to various Branches of the In stitu te.”

Diplomas.— At the Derby Conference last year it was announced th a t Diplomas for 1937 were to be awarded to the following gentlemen. The Branches before which their Papers were given are also shown : —

Mr. H. H. Shepherd, Birmingham and London Branches; Mr. S. A. Horton, E ast M idlands Branch; Mr. R. Ballantine, Lancashire Branch and Falkirk Section of the Scottish B ranch; M r.

E. W. Wynn, Lancashire Branch; D r. C» J.

Dadswell, Mr. T. R. W alker and Mr. F. W hite- house, joint authors of a Paper given before the Sheffield Branch.

Buchanan Medals and Prizes.—The Buchanan Medals and Prizes are awarded on the results of examinations organised by the City and Guilds of London Institute on Foundry Practice and Patternm aking. The names of recipients are given under the heading of “ Educational Work ” later in this report.

John Surtees Memorial Exam inations.—These examinations were founded by M r. W. Mayer, Past-President, in memory of the pioneer founder, John Surtees, who was connected with the Newcastle district. The exam ination is organised alternately by the Newcastle and Scot-

tisii Branches. This year the exam ination was held in Scotland, and the winner of the Senior Prize was Mr. A. M. Campbell, and of the Junior Prize, Mr. John Allan.

Branch Activities

Throughout the past year the Branches have been able to m aintain the high quality of the programmes which are arranged. A large num­

ber of Papers have been presented covering all phases of foundry practice. An analysis of the subjects covered by the Papers shows th at of the 77 contributions, 15 were on the subject of cast iron, 7 on steel, 6 on non-ferrous metallurgy, 1 on malleable cast iron, 9 on sand, 1 on refrac­

tories, 7 on the melting of metals, 2 on costing, 4 on patternm aking, 9 on general moulding prac­

tice, and 15 on general topics.

A t the meetings which the Council has held throughout the year, it has been found th at m atters of a national and international interest have made increasing demands upon its time.

It is realised, however, th at the work of the Branches is of fundam ental importance, and every effort has been made to give the maximum attention to this aspect of the Institute’s work.

As was reported in the last annual report, a Branch has been established in South Africa, and, during the year under review, it has grown rapidly. A full programme of Papers was arranged for its winter session, and there is every indication th at this will develop into a most flourishing Branch. The two Sections, those in East Anglia and at Bristol, which were formed in 1936, are also making progress, and are now taking their full share in the work of the Institute.

The London and Birmingham Branches held a two-day joint meeting in Birm ingham; joint meetings between other Branches have also taken place. The London Branch is to be congratulated on the enterprise which it has shown during the past twelve months in organising a Branch visit to Belgian foundries, and also for the tour of

foundries in the W est Country which it has arranged for May. The Lancashire Branch organised a very successful day visit to the works of Vickers-Armstrongs, Limited, at Barrow-in- Furness.

The Council expresses its thanks to all the Branch officials; to the authors of P apers; and the directors and staffs of works which have been visited by members of the Institute during the year.

Kindred Institutions

A part from the many contacts which repre­

sentatives of the Institute make with representa­

tives of other similar bodies on numerous Joint Committees, there have been during the past year several joint meetings of the Branches with the corresponding local bodies of other institu­

tions, notably the Institute of M etals and the Institute of Vitreous Enamellers.

As was reported in the last annual report, the Institute has co-operated with a num ber of other institutions of a similar character in establishing a Joint Committee on M aterials and Their Test­

ing. The first Conference under the auspices of the Committee was held in M anchester in October.

International Relations

The happy relations with foundry technical societies, which have been established for many years, have been m aintained during the present year mainly through the International Com­

m ittee of Foundry Technical Associations, of which Mr. V. Delport was President during the year 1937. A meeting of this Committee with M r. D elport in the chair was held at the In ter­

national Foundry Congress in Paris last June, and this Institute was represented by the Presi­

dent, Mr. V. C. Faulkner and the Secretary, who attended as Secretary of the Committee. A party of fifty members of this Institute, and ladies, attended this Congress, and the thanks of thé Institute are extended to the organisers of the

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Congress, the Association Technique de Fonderie, and to M r. A. Brizon, the President, for their hospitality.

Arrangements have been made for members to participate in the next International Congress, which is to be held next September in Warsaw.

Members are reminded th a t the 1939 In ter­

national Congress is scheduled for London.

M any provisional arrangem ents have been made, and several of the Branches have promised to co-operate in arranging a post congress tour of British foundries. It is expected th at the major details of the Congress, which will be held in June, 1939, will be available in the late autum n of this year.

The authors of Exchange Papers presented on behalf of the Institute to Overseas Conferences, were as follows : -—

American Foundrym en’s Association Conven­

tion, 1937, at Milwaukee.—Mr. J. Roxburgh.

International Foundry Congress, Paris, 1937.

—Mr. H. H. Shepherd.

The authors of Exchange Papers at forthcom­

ing Conferences will be: —

American Foundrym en’s Association Conven­

tion, 1938, Cleveland.—Mr. W. J. Rees.

International Foundry Congress, 1938, W ar­

saw.—Mr. B. B. Kent.

Association Technique de Fonderie, 1938, Lyons.—Mr. T. R. W alker.

Papers were presented at the Derby Con­

ference on behalf of the American, French, and German Foundry Associations, and all these countries will be represented by the Papers to be presented to the forthcoming Conference at Bradford.

Foundry Exhibition

At the Foundry Exhibition, held in conjunc­

tion with the Engineering, M arine and W elding Exhibitions at Olympia, London, last September, the Institute organised a stand which was used

11

extensively by members visiting the Exhibition.

Useful work was done in interesting non-mem­

bers in the activities of the Institute, and as a result a number of new members were obtained.

An official visit was also organised to the Ex­

hibition, and many members, including the President and Vice-Presidents, were able to attend. The thanks of the Institute are ten­

dered to F. W. Bridges & Sons, Limited, the organisers of the Exhibition, for the facilities they gave so generously in connection with the stand, and also for the generous hospitality to the Council and members.

Educational W ork

The Institute has continued to collaborate with the City and Guilds of London Institute in organising examinations in foundry practice and patternm aking. The following are the results of these examinations which were held at the beginning of last year.

No. of Pass Pass Percen­

candi­ 1st 2nd tage of dates. class. class. passes.

Patternmaking—

Intermediate grade 30 8 13 70.0 Patternmaking—

Final grade 23 11 5 69.5

Foundry Practice and

Science 78 17 27 56.4

Prizes were awarded to : —

Patternm aking— Intermediate Grade : — Mr. R. D. Cheyne, Constantine Technical College, Middlesbrough. Bronze Medal of the City and Guilds of London Institute.

Patternm aking—Final Grade : —

Mr. R. H. Francis, Coventry Technical Col­

lege. City and Guilds of London Institute’s Silver Medal, and Buchanan Book Prize of the Institute of B ritish Foundrymen.

Mp. F. N. R and, Constantine Technical College, Middlesbrough. Buchanan Silver Medal of the Institute of B ritish Foundrymen.

12

Mr. S. Hodgson, Rotherham College of Tech­

nology and Art. Buchanan Book Prize of the Institute of B ritish Foundrymen.

Foundry Practice and Science : —

M r. W. C. M arshall, Derby Technical Col­

lege. City and Guilds of London In stitu te’s Bronze Medal, and Buchanan Silver M edal of the Institute of British Foundrymen.

Mr. J. D. Lei-shman, Sheffield University.

Buchanan Book Prize of the Institute of British Foundrymen.

Mr. C. F. Lawson, Sheffield University.

Buchanan Book Prize of the Institute of British Foundrymen.

National Certificates in Mechanical Engineer­

ing issued by the Board of Education and the Institution of Mechanical Engineers are en­

dorsed by the President of this Institute in respect of those candidates who have been suc­

cessful in special foundry subjects. Eleven National Certificates have been so endorsed during the last year, making a total of 155 since the commencement of the scheme.

The Degree Course in Foundry M etallurgy at the University of Sheffield has now been in operation for nearly three years, and the first students who have completed the Course are almost ready to enter industry. The num ber of students taking the Course is satisfactory, and the establishment of the Course has been fully justified.

The B ritish Foundry School, which is in operation at the Central Technical College, B ir­

mingham, and which was established m ainly by the British Cast Iron Research Association, and its director, Mr. Pearce, is also completing its third year. This is a special, intensive course of one year’s duration, intended for men who are already in the industry, and who wish to equip themselves for positions of greater respon­

sibility. The careers subsequent to leaving of those students who have passed through the Course show th a t it is achieving the objects for which it was established.

Annual Conference, Derby, 1937 The Thirty-fourth Annual Conference, which was held in Derby last June, was one of the most successful which has been arranged. A particu­

larly noteworthy feature was the introduction of a session devoted entirely to non-ferrous subjects.

The annual general meeting was held on Tues­

day, June 8, and was followed by a civic recep­

tion a t the Bemrose School. The Wednesday and Thursday were mainly confined to technical ses­

sions and works visits which were of a very high standard.

Mr. Joseph Hepworth, J.P ., M .P., and Mr.

W. B. Lake, J.P ., were the elected Senior and Junior Vice-President respectively.

This Conference was attended by a large number of overseas members and visitors, repre­

sentatives from Canada, Australia, Sweden, Ger­

many, Persia, Singapore and Belgium being present.

The thanks of the Institute are especially due to the W orshipful the Mayor of Derby, Coun­

cillor Mrs. Petty, J.P ., and to the Corporation of the Borough of Derby, for the valuable assist­

ance they rendered in many directions. In addition to entertaining the members and ladies at a civic reception, special facilities were given by the Corporation in connection with the ban­

quet and other functions. Those who were present at the Conference retain happy memories of the gracious m anner in which the Mayor wel­

comed the delegates at the (reception and the opening meeting, and the manner in which she co-operated in other meetings and functions.

The Council extends its thanks to the firms whose works were visited; to the authors of P apers; to the subscribers to the Conference Fund ; and to all those who in any way assisted in making the Derby Conference so memorable an occasion. The work of the Branch officials, notably Mr. W. T. Evans, the President of the E ast Midlands Branch, Mr. H. Bunting, Chair­

man of the Conference Executive Committee, and Mr. B. Gale, Secretary of the Branch and

14

Honorary Conference Secretary, is also appre­

ciated by the Institute, for it is realised th a t the success of the Conference was in a large measure due to the enormous am ount of work which these gentlemen carried out.

Edward Williams Lecture

Dr. C. H. Desch, F.R .S., Head of the M etal­

lurgical Departm ent of the N ational Physical Laboratory, delivered the Third Edward W il­

liams Lecture on “ Physical Factors in the Casting of M etals.” It is regretted th at at the Bradford Conference this year no Edward W il­

liams Lecture will be given. An invitation was accepted by Sir Nigel Gresley, but unfortunately Sir Nigel’s health has made it necessary for him to take an extended sea voyage, and he will not therefore be able to deliver the lecture.

Arrangements are under way in preparation for the lecture to be given at the 1939 International Foundry Congress in London.

British Cast Iron Research Association As was anticipated in the last report, the year 1936-37 created a new record. A t the end of 1937, the President, the R t. Hon. the E arl of Dudley, made an appeal to members and others in the industry for a sum of not less than £15,000 for the purpose of providing up-to-date accom­

modation and equipment for the Association’s work, for which a t least £30,000 is required.

This appeal has the support and sympathy of the Departm ent of Scientific and Industrial Research and all contributions made to date have been treated by the Departm ent as grant-earning and by this their value has been doubled,. The pro­

vision will meet a pronounced need for equipm ent for highly specialised work.

During the year steps have been taken to strengthen the connection between this Institute and the Association, and the B.C.I.R.A . has also carried out co-operative work with the Institute of W elding and the Institute of Vitreous Enamellers.

Council

Four meetings of the Council, and more than twenty meetings of special and standing Com­

mittees have been held during the year, such meetings having been held at Derby, Manchester, Bristol, Sheffield, London, and Leicester. There have been four meetings of the Technical Com­

mittee, a meeting of the Technical Council, and about forty meetings of various Sub-Committees of the Technical Committee.

Ten members of the Council are elected by ballot for a period of two years, five retiring each year. The five who so retire at the annual general m eeting on June 14 a re :—Mr. A.

Campion, Mr. J. W. Gardom, Mr. B. H ird, Mr.

F. K. N eath and M r. J. M. Primrose. All these gentlemen are eligible for re-election for a further period of two years, and offer themselves for re-election.

Hon. Treasurer.—Mr. W. B. Lake retired from the position of Hon. Treasurer, which he has held for four years, upon his election as Junior Vice-President, and was succeeded in the position of Hon,. Treasurer by Mr. S. H . Russell, Past- President.

Air. Lake’s period of office as Treasurer has been a notable one; he has carried out several reforms in the finances of the Institute and has exercised the closest control over the general items of income and expenditure. The Council tenders to Mr. Lake its thanks for the work he has rendered in this capacity, and its congratula­

tions upon his election to the position of Vice- President.

The thanks of the Council are also tendered to Mr. J. W. Gardom, the Convener of the Tech­

nical Committee, for his devoted work in the leadership of the various activities of this Com­

m ittee and its Sub-Committees.

Revision of Bye-Laws

Some eighteen months ago, the Board of Development made certain recommendations to the Council regarding qualifications for admis­

sion to the various classes of membership. These recommendations were accepted in principle by the Council, and were referred to an Organisa­

tion Committee to work out the details. This Committee has now completed its work, and has made recommendations for the necessary altera­

tions to the Bye-laws which will be submitted for the approval of the members a t the annual general meeting on June 14.

The main purpose of these revisions is that candidates for admission to the various classes of membership of the In stitu te shall give evidence of possessing certain technical qualifica­

tions or of having a minimum standard foundry experience; by this means it is hoped th a t mem­

bership will in itself be accepted as a definite proof of qualification. This is a principle which has been adopted with success by other technical institutions and the Council recommends these proposals to the members in the confident belief th at they will improve the status of the indi­

vidual member and th at they will improve the status and standing of the Institute generally.

The Council has for some time been anxious to give greater service to members by more frequent publication of the “ Proceedings,” and by ex­

tending the work of the Technical Committee.

I t has not, however, been able to do so for financial reasons. Very careful consideration has been given to this m atter, and the Council has now approved those proposed alterations to the Bye-laws which authorise certain increases in subscriptions, in the belief th at the resultant increase in the Institute’s income will enable these developments to be undertaken imme­

diately.

A number of minor alterations in the Bye-laws have been made, the general purpose of which is to facilitate smoother and more efficient working.

Staff

Owing to the increased am ount of work which has to be carried out by General Oflice, Mr. J.

Bolton was appointed Assistant Seei-etarv at- the beginning of March.

Annual Conference

The Thirty-fifth Annual Conference will be held a t Bradford, from June 14 to 17. Mr.

Joseph Hepworth, J.P ., M .P., the Senior Vice- President, will be installed President at the opening meeting on Wednesday, June 15.

C. W. Big g,

President.

T. Ma k e m s o n,

Secretary.

Adoption of Report

T h e Pr e s id e n t moved the adoption of th e

Annual R eport for the year ended April 30, 1938.

M^e. H. Win t e k t o n se c o n d e d th e m o tio n .

The R eport was adopted without discussion.

Accounts

M s. S. H. Ru s s e l l (Hon. Treasurer), present­

ing the balance sheet and the income and expen­

diture account for the year ended December 31, 1937, said th at the financial position was satis­

factory. The excess of income over expenditure, which was carried forward, amounted to £372, but he pointed out that, if one deducted the receipts from the South African Branch—£121—

and sundry receipts, which were receipts other than subscriptions—£142—the income by way of subscriptions in Great B ritain was only about

£9 in excess of the total expenditure.

The gift of £500 made by the directors of Messrs. Qualcast, Limited, in 1937 would in future appear in the accounts as “ The Technical Development Fund.” I t was hoped sincerely that there would be numerous and substantial addi­

tions to the Fund within the next two or three years. He moved the adoption of the accounts as printed.

M r. F. J. Co o k (Past-President) seconded, and expressed congratulations and thanks to all who had contributed to the production of such satis­

factory accounts.

accounts were adopted without discussion.

Technical C om m ittee’s Report

M^r. J. W. G^{a r d o m} (Convener of the In stitu te’s Technical Committee) proposed the adoption of the reports of th a t Committee and its Sub-Com- m ittees. He commented th a t the work of the Committee and Sub-Committees had been diffi­

cult, in view of the many obstacles which had had to be overcome, but they were beginning to see daylight, and a few years hence the reports would be very much better than those published so far.

The resolution w a s s e c o n d e d by M r. P. A.

Ru s s e l l a n d c a r r ie d u n a n im o u s ly .

SIXTH ANNUAL GENERAL REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE In fulfilment of the objects for which it was formed in 1931, the Technical Committee during the past year has been actively engaged in study­

ing various technical developments in the foun­

dry industry, and in collaborating with other scientific bodies which have been carrying out work on similar subjects.

In order to facilitate its work, the Committee is divided into eight Sub-Committees, which cover almost all phases of modern foundry prac­

tice. The reports of these Sub-Committees follow this report.

In addition to the work of the Sub-Committees, a considerable amount of work is carried out by the Technical Committee as a whole. Such activities include representation on national and international standardising and investigating bodies.

The Technical Committee’s representatives, Dr.

A. B. Everest, Mr. J. G. Pearce and the Secre­

tary, attended the meeting of the International Committee on Testing Cast Iron, which was held in Paris in June, 1937. Contact with the American Foundrym en’s Association has been m aintained, notably through the Sands Sub-Com­

m ittee, which has been studying various types of sand-testing apparatus. This Sub-Committee, together with the Steel Castings Sub-Committee, has also been co-operating with the Steel Casl>

ings Research Committee of the Iron and Steel Institute and the British Iron and Steel Federa­

tion. Amongst numerous other contacts which this Committee has m aintained with kindred bodies elsewhere is th a t of the Cast Iron Sub- Committee with the International Committee on Testing Cast Iron. The subject in this ease has been the classification of graphite.

Inquiry Bureau.—The inquiry bureau which is carried on by the Institute under the auspices of the Technical Committee has continued to pro­

vide for members a useful service which has been much appreciated.

Nomenclature.—From time to time the Tech­

nical Committee has been able to assist members in the definition of certain terms. During the past year this service has also been made use of by foreign inquirers. I t is hoped th at in time a comprehensive list of definitions will be made available to members of the Institute.

The Technical Committee wishes to express the thanks of the Institute to those members who have so willingly given their time both to attending meetings and to furthering the work of the Committee and its Sub-Committees by private research. The thanks of the Institute are also extended to those firms which so kindly provide facilities for members of their staffs to attend m eetings; to those firms which have so readily carried out research and tests in connec­

tion with the work of the Technical Committee, and to those firms which have co-operated with the Committee by answering the questionnaires which have been circularised.

J. W. GARDOM, Convener, Technical Committee.

REPORTS OF SUB COMMITTEES Sub-Committee on Cast Iron

D uring the past year the Cast Iron Sub- Committee has continued to co-operate with the B ritish Standards Institution in handling speci­

fications, directly or indirectly concerning cast

iron. Early in 1938, the new Specification, No.

786, for High-Duty Cast Iron was published, the figures finally adopted being based largely on the data submitted by this Sub-Committee. A t the same tim e the revision of Specification No.

32111928, for Grey Cast Iron, was issued. The Sub-Committee also considered the final draft of the proposed new specification for cast-iron gears and made recommendations which have now been adopted by the B ritish Standards In stitu ­ tion. The Sub-Committee has now under con­

sideration a proposed specification for cast-iron surface plates and marking-off tables, which includes recommended compositions.

I t has been agreed th a t the Sub-Committee should publish a Paper discussing the Sub-Com­

m ittee’s part in the preparation of the new specification for high-duty cast iron, and include in it references to physical and mechanical pro­

perties of grey cast iron. This Paper is now in hand and will be available to Branches for the 1938-39 session.

Further consideration has been given during the year to the possibility of issuing recommended methods of running and risering grey iron cast­

ings. This work involves many difficulties and at the present time a sheet of drawings of simple types of castings is being circulated to selected foundries who are asked to indicate the methods of running and risering they would recommend. This work should indicate how far it will be possible to proceed, with a view to drawing up final recommendations for issue to industry.

In co-operation w ith the International Com­

m ittee for Testing Cast Iron, various suggested systems of classifying graphite form and size in grey cast iron have been under review. This work is still in hand and the Sub-Committee will co-operate with Professor Portevin in France and the Committee recently set up for the pur­

pose of studying this question by the American Foundrym en’s Association.

P. A. RUSSELL, Convener.

21

Sub-Committee on Costing

Since the presentation of the Sub-Committee’s report (Recommendations concerning the Estab­

lishment of Costs in a Grey Iron Foundry) at the Annual Conference at Derby, in June, 1937, no im portant developments have occurred in the Sub-Committee’s work. It had been decided to aw ait the reactions of the foundry industry to the Report.

Two interesting events have occurred in the meantime. Firstly, the Report was presented last January before the Birmingham Branch of the Institute of Cost and Works Accountants, at the request of th at organisation. The atten­

dance was quite large and considerable interest was shown, as proved by the discussion that fol­

lowed. It is interesting to note, however, th at the Report was criticised, particularly as regards the recommendation th a t overheads should be allocated on a labour cost basis.

The second event, of m aterial importance to the work of the Sub-Committee, is that the R eport has been recommended to its members by the M idland Iron Founders’ Association.

Furtherm ore, in the past twelve months requests have been received for copies of the Report from a number of individuals and im portant foundries.

I t is now the hope of the members of the Sub- Committee that in the near future those foundries th at have endeavoured to adopt the system, or be guided by it, will give the results of their actual experience, thereby enabling the Sub-Committee to revise the system in the light of such actual experience.

Y. DELPORT, Convener.

Sub-Committee on Malleable Cast Iron D uring the past twelve months, the Malleable Cast Iron Sub-Committee has been largely en­

gaged in surveying the investigations recently brought to a close, and in planning out the pro­

cedure regarding the revision of the B.S.l specifications.