Widok «Стиль» в речевом сознании русских школьников

(1)

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(Capamoe)

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Stylistyka XIV

HMeIOI.J..(HeCH B ero pacnopH)l(eHHH napbl «CTHMYJI» - «peaKU.HH» He Bcen:i:a no,1I,AaIOTCH OJ];H03Ha'łHOH TPaKTOBKe, TIOCKOJibKY .n;o KOHU.a He H3BeCTHO, KaK HMeHHO, C KaKHM co.n;ep)l(aHHeM BocnpHHHJI HCnbITyeMblH CJIOBO-CTHMYJI B KOHKpeTHbIX ycnOBHHX npoBOJ];HBwerocH 3KCnepHMeHTa H KaKOH HMeHHO CMbICJI HMerra MH Hero B TOT MOMeHT 3an11caHHaH HM CJIOBeCHaH peaKI.J.HH, 'łTO OHa MH Hero 3Ha'ł1rna. <l>opMyrrHpOBKH OTHOWeHHH B accou_HaTHBHblX napax npHHa,n;rre)l(aT Hccne,n;oBaTemo H no Heo6xo,n;11 M ocTH 11 M eIOT BepoHTHOCTHbIH xapaKTep.

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Acco14uamue1-toM cnoeape

UlK0llbHUK0B Capamoea u CapamoecKou o6nacmu (CM .: AClliC 2004).

(3)

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2003);

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5

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( 1 )

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(2)

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(4)

Stylistyka XIV

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(3)

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(5)

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(5)

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(4)

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(5)

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(6)

Stylistyka XIV

B

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1

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OTHeceH11e oT,n;enbHbIX peaKI..J.11H K TOM mrn 11HOH rpynne cnoco6Ho Bbl3bIBaTb Korre6aHH51.

B

ąacTHOCTH, Hatt6orree ąacTOTHaH peaKI..J.HH MOOa C HeKOTOpOH .n;onei1 ycnoBHOCTH Morna 6hr paccMaTpHBaTbCH KaK O,ll;HH

m

Cl1Ml1nHpOB. O.n;HaKo e,n;Ba nH TaKoe peweH11e 6bIJIO 6bI npaB11nbHbIM: ecn11

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PeaKI..J.HIO Kpacoma MO)l(HO paccMaTpHBaTb H B PHAY CHMHnHpOB, H B

rpynne pecpepeHI..J.HH K ccpepe HCKyCcTBa, H KaK 3CTeTHąecKyIO ou.eHKY ąero-ntt6o He o6H3aTenbHO B ccpepe xy,n;o)KecTBeHHoro TBopąecTBa. He HMe51 BeCKHX OCHOBaHHH npe.n;noąeCTb OAHY H3 TpaKTOBOK co.n;ep)l(aHHH ,n;aHHOH peaKI..J.HH, Mbl npHBOJ];HM ee BO Bcex Tpex ynoMHHYTbIX nOAAX Ta6nHI..J.bl, HO B CK06Kax, noKa3bIBaH TeM caMbIM HeyBepeHHOCTb B npaBHnbHO C T H npe.n;naraeMOH KBanHcpHKaI..J.HH. rro TOM )l(e npH'-IHHe He Y'-IHTbIBaeM KOnHąeCTBO peaKU.HH Kpacoma npH cyMMHpOBaHHH MaTepHana no Ka)K,ll.OH H3 rpynn.

(7)

(8)

«CmWtb)) 8 pel./eB0M C03IWHUU pycCKUX UtK0llbllUK0B BAJJEHHIH E. r0Jl b,Lll1H

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a) M0,Ua B 0,UelK,ue MOOG 68, ooeJ/COa 32, ooeJ/CObl I O, ooe6a/11bCJ/ 2, 121 f1Jla/11be 2 6plOKU, KpaCU6aJ/ OOeJ/COa, A100bl, OOeJ/COY,

OOe/11, npW<UO, IU.M0111KU

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B) K0HKpeTHble .MOOHblU 1 1, (Kpacoma 8), MOOHO 5, Kpacu60 4, Kpacu6- 47 blii 2, .MOU 2, KaKoii 2, 60JlbLUOU, KJIQCCUl/eCKUU,

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ił napa,uHrM

' llovrne peaKUHH cmux 2, OYMQ111b, KGHUKYJlbl, Y6Jlel/eHue, Y.M, l/Umamb 7

OTKa3bl OT 0TBeT0B 32

(9)

Stylistyka XIV

Ilp1rne,ueHHa51 B Ta6mm,e rpynm1poBKa peaKQHH no3BOn51eT c,uenaTb HeKOTOpbie o6ll_\He Bb!BO,Ubl 06 aCCOQH8THBHblX CB51351X CTHMyna cmWlb B HHTepecyJOll_\eM HaC acneKTe. B 3KcnepHMeHTe lliKOilbHHKH qaine Bcero CB513b!B8JOT CmUJlb C MO,UOH B O,Ue)K,Ue. ITO-BH,UHMOMY, 3TY CB513b MO)KHO ClJHT8Tb ceMaHTH'IeCKHM 51,UpOM co,uep)KaHH51 ,uaHHOro cnoBa B HX pe'IeBOM C03HaHHH. ,[(m1 lJ:aCTH lliKOITbHHKOB 6onee aKTyanbHbIMH OKa3anHCb CB513H CTHMyna cmUJlb c ,upyrHMH o6nacn!MH peQ)epeHQHH, B TOM lJ:Hcne - c Q}YHKQHOHanbHbI MH CTHil51MH pe'IH, HO cpe,uH yqaCTHHKOB 3KCnepHMeHTOB, KaK CBH,UeTenbCTByeT Ta6n. l , T8KHX pe651T OKa3anOCb HeMHOrO .

CyinecTBeHHO , lJTO 51,Upo acCOQH8THBHOro non51 cmUJlb npe,ucTaBneHO peaKQH51MH, CB513bIB 810JnHMl1 cmUJlb C KOHKpeTHOH lJ:aCTHOH o6naCTblO

peQ)epeHQHH - c Mo,n:011. CB513H 6onee ornnelJ:eHHOro xapaKTepa (UMuO:JIC, euo, o6pa3, BKyc, uHoueuoyQJlbrlOcmb, o6nuK, CQJIWBb1pa:>1CeHue) CJJ:Bl1HYThI Ha nepmpepHIO TIOIT51. B 3TOM ecTeCTBeHHO ycMOTpeTb CXO,UCTBO C O,UHOH 113 OTM elJ:eHHbIX B bI We o c o 6eHHO CTeH npe,ucTaBneHH51 ceM aHT H lJ:eCKOH CTPYKTYPbI cnoBa TOJlKOBbIMl1 cnoBap51MH: ,UBH)KeHHe OT 6onee KOHKpeTHblX 3HalJ:eHHH K 6onee 06JnHM. IlpH 3TOM 6a30Ba51 KOHKpeTH851 30Ha TIOIT51 cmWlb HMeeT y WKOITbHHKOB cyll_\eCTBeHHO HHOe KYilbTYPHOe HanonHeHHe B cpaBHeHHH C OTMelJ:eHHbIM TOITKOBbIMH cnoBap51MH pyccKoro 513bIKa: MO,Ua, a He HanpaBneHH51 B 11CKYCCTBe H oco6eHHOCTH nHTepaTypHOro xy,uo)l(eCTBe HHOro TBOp'IeCTBa .

ConocTaBneHHe ,uaHHhIX ACllJC n o CTHMyny cmUJlb c ,uaHHbIMH A cco tf.UamueH020 me3aypyca pyccK020 R3bIKa (PAC

1996),

MaTep11an ,unH KOToporo 6bm nonylJ:eH B 3KCnepHMeHTaX C 6onee B3pOCilbIMH HCTib!TyeMblMl1 (11Ml1 6hmH CTy,ueHTbI poCCHHCKHX BY30B), o6Hapy)l(HBaeT npH HanHlJHH HeKOTOp blX pacxO)l(,ll;eH11H 11 3aMeTHOe cxo,ucrno. Xorn caMoH qacToH peaK�11eH CTy,ueHTOB Ha CTHMyn cmUJlb 6bma cnoBOq>OpMa :JICU3HU, BTOpoe 11 TpeTbe MecTa B lJ:aCTOTHOM CTIHCKe peaKQ11H CTy,ueHTOB npHHa,une)l(aT OTBeTaM MOOHbzu H ooe:J1Cob1, JJ:Ba)l(,UhI OTMelJ:eHa peaKQH51 ooe:J1Coa, a B pH,uy

e,u11H11-lJ:HhIX OTBeTOB 11MeJOTC51 MOOG, npUKUO, npUKUOQ OOe:JICObl, xopOUlQR ooe:HCOQ. Cpe,n:11 «3an11coK H Bhm11coK»

M.JI.

f'acnapoBa (f'acnapoB

200 l )

ecTh cne.uy101na51: «B 4513bllJHOM pa3rOBOpH11Ke ConbMaHa 06in11e KaTerop11H -pa3Mepbl , q)OpMbl , Bee, B11A - OK83b!B 8JOTC51 no,upy6p11KaM11 pa3,uena o,ue)l(,ua». M,uyll_\a51 OT aHTHlJHOH qi11nocoqi1111 (Ap11crnTenb, Ilopcp11p11H 11 ,up .) nor11'IeCKa51 Tpa,u11Q1151 ClJHTaTb 06in11e KaTerop1111, «po,uhr n, 6onee BbICOKHMH, 'IeM lJ:8CTHble, «Bl1,ll;bl)), 3,UeCb HapyrneHa. IlO-Bl1,UHMOMy, 11 MeHHO :no «HapyrneHHe» 11 np11BneKno K ce6e BHHMaH11e

M.JI.

f'acnapoBa. O,uttaKo

(10)

«CmWlb» 8 pe'-le80M C03/-taHUU pyccKUX UłKO/lbHUK08

BAJlEHTHH E. rOJlb)].11H

np1,rne,neHHblH BbIUie acCOQ118T11BHblH MaTep11an ,naeT OCHOBaH11e ,nyMaTb, 'łTO B peY:eBOM C03HaHl111 'łeJioBeKa 51,nepHble 30Hbl no KpaHHeH Mepe 'ł8CTl1 C e M a HTl1 'ł e C K 11 X noneH ,neH CTB11TeJibHO o6pa30B aHbl KOHKp eTHblM 11 npe,n:CT8BJieH11SIM11, a CBSI38HHble C HMMl1 0606I.l.(eHMSI CO CTaBJISiłOT 11X ceMaHTl1'łeCKYłO nepM<pep11łO 11 B acneKTe peY:eBe,neHM51 ,nomKHbl KBaJil1QJl1-Q11pOBaTbCSI KaK 6onee «HH3KHe».

XapaKTepHO, '-!TO SIBJieH11e CTHJISI B C03H8HHl1 WKOJlbHl1KOB o6na,naeT 6e3yCJIOBHO nOJIO)l<HTeJibHOH KOHHOTaQHeH, o Y:eM fOBOpSIT He TOJibKO 06I.l.(He peaKQl1H-OQeHK 11 T11na xopOUlUU, K/IQCCHO, Kpymo, KJIQCC, HO H KOHKpeTHbie peaKQl1M-xapaKTep11CTl1KH TMna MOOHO, MOOHblU, KpaCU80, KpaCU8blU 11 no.n. MmKHO ,nyMaTb, 'łTO o6I.l.(aSI nOJIO)l<HTeJibHaSI KOHHOTaQ1151 CJIOBa cmUJ/b o6ycJIOBJieHa OTHeCeHHOCTbłO OQeHO'łHbIX peaKQHH HMeHHO K MO,ne B Ka'-!eCTBe SI,npa acCOQM8Tl1BHOfO nOJISI 11 SIBHOH 8KTyanH38Q11eH SIBJieHH51 CTHJISI-MOAbl B 6bITOBOM. C03HaHHH COBpeMeHHbIX pOCCl151H. He cny'łaHHO cnoBap51Ml1 KOHQa

XX -

Ha'łana

XXI

B. 3acp11Kc11poBaHo HOBoe 3Ha'łeH11e CJIOBa cmUJ1ucm: «CneQHaJIHCT, pa3pa6aTbIB8łOI.l.(HH HOBblH CTl1Jlb B o,ne)K,ne, npH'łeCKax, A113aHHe Me6 eJIH, aBTOM0 6HJieH, 11HTepbepa noMell.(eHHH 11 T. n.» (fl3blK08ble U3MeHeHUR.

1998),

a HeraTHBHOe o6pa30BaHHe cm u;rn.2a CT8HO B11TC51 11 CTOp11 3 M O M . Cpe,n:11 p e aKQHH WKOJibHl1 K O B , OAHOKopeHHblX CTHMyny cmUJlb, CJIOBO CmWlJ/.2Q H e OTMe'łeHO.

KaK 113BeCTHO, aCCOQ11aTl1BHble peaKQ11H MaJib'ł11KOB H ,neBO'łeK HMełOT pH.n pa3Jil1'łl1H 06I.l.(ero xapaKTepa (Hanp11Mep, ,neBO'łK11 A8łOT B QeJIOM HeCKOJibKO 6onee OAHOTHnHble peaKQHH, 'łeM MaJib'łHKH) 11 pa3Jil1'łHH, CB513aHHbIX C OT,neJibHblMl1 CTHMyJiaMH . Ho peaKQ1111 MaJib'ł11KOB 11 ,neBO'łeK Ha CT11MYJI cm u/lb 3Ha 'ł H M bl X p a C X O )K,neHH H He o 6 H a p y )K l1 B 8 łOT. H e K O T O p bi e oco6eHHOCT11 pear11poBaHH51 Ha CT11MYJI CmUJ/b CB513aHbl C B03paCTOM HCnbI TyeMbIX: y'łeHl1K11 MJia,n;Uiero 11 cpe,n:Hero WKOJibHOfO B03pacTa ,nałOT MHOfO

«HyneBbIX» peaKQHH, a B OTBeTax UIKOJlbHHKOB

9-1 1

KJiaCCOB 11X KOJIH'łeCTBO 3aMeTHO CHH)K8eTC51 (,no

7 ,3%);

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(15%

B

1-4

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20,5%

B

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21 ,4%

B

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32, 12%

B

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WKOJibHHKOB

9-1 1

KJiaCCOB B rpynny tta116onee Y:aCTOTHbIX OTBeTOB Ha CJIOBO CmUJ/b nepexo,n;HT peaKQH51 UMUO;Hc.

TaKHM o6pa30M, ,n;aHHble acCOQ118THBHOfO CJIOBapSI, C OAHOH CTOpOHbl, no,n:TBep)K,naroT 061,eKTHBHOCTb Bbipa)KeHHOfO B TOJIKOBbIX CJIOBap51X npe,ncTaBJieH1151 o nepB11'łHOCTH 6onee KOHKpeTHbIX 3Ha'łeHHH CJIOBa cmU/lb H BTOpH'łHOCT11 - 6onee OTBJie'łeHHbIX ero 3Ha'-!eH11H. C ,npyroH CTOpOHbl, OHH

(11)

Stylistyka XIV

cyI.QeCTBeHHO YTO'-łH5UOT rreKCl1KOrpacp11'-łeCKYIO HHQ)OpMau.1110 O )Kl13Hl1

crrosa B cospeMeHHOH pyccKoił pe'-111. Accou.11aT11BHhIH MaTep11arr .n;aeT

OCHOBaH11e C'-łl1TaTh, '-łTO B YCTHOH petrn MOJIO)].e)KH 51)].pO CO)].ep)KaHH.H CJIOBa

cmUJlb Jie)l(l1T B KOMMymrnaTHBHOH ccpepe MO)l;hl (.n;pyr11e KOMnOHeHThl

3Ha'-łeHl1.H TaK)Ke 06Hapy)K11Ba10TC.H B norre CmUJlb, HO MeHee 3Ha'-łl1Mh1), '-łTO

CTPYKTypa acC01.(113Tl1BHhIX CBSl3eH CJIOBa cmUJlb y MaJih'łl1KOB 11 .n;eBO'-łeK B

OCHOBHOM o.n;Ha 11 Ta )l(e, B co.n;ep)l(aTeJibHOM nnaHe OHa He3H8'-łl1TeJihHO

MeH.HeTC.H OT Ha'łaJibHhIX KJiaCCOB K CT3pll111M, np11 3TOM acC01.(11aTl1BHOe si.n;po

cnoBa, CB.H3aHHOe C MO)l;OH, nocTeneHHO np1106peTaeT 60JiblllYIO 'łeTKOCTh 11

BhI)l;eJieHHOCTb.

AClllC 2004 - fonh,lU1H B.E., MapThl!HOB A.O., CJ.J.o6Hoaa A.Il., Accoi1uamueHblU

c;weapbutK0llbHUK0B Capamoea u CapamoecKoit 0611acmu -Jl3blKOBoe co3HaHue:

meopemu'łecKue u npuKllaOHble acneKmbl, MocKBa.

racnapoa M.Jl., 2004, 3anucKu u BbmucKu, MocKBa.

fonhJ.J.HH B.E., 200 1 , AccoL/uamueHbttt 3Kcnepi1MeHm KaK pe'łeeaR u2pa. - )KuJHb

R3b1Ka. C6. cmameu K 80-nemwo Muxaww BuKmopoeu'ła flaHoea, MocKBa.

ronhJ.J.HH B.E., 2003, Pe'łeeoe noeeoeHue MJZaowux utK0llbHUKoe: accoL/uamueHble

maKmuKu u cmpamewu peawpoeamm. - M ooepHuJat/Ufl Ha'łQ/lbHo20

06pa-3oeaHuJ1, CapaTOB.

Kapaynoa 10.H., 1 999, AKmueHM 2paM.MamuKa u accoi/UamueHo-eep6MbHaR cemb,

MocKBa.

Ko)l(11Ha M .H., 1 968, K ornoeaHuRM <jJyHKL/UOHQ/lbHOt't cmUJ1ucmuKu, IlepMb.

KmK11Ha M.H., 1 998, Pe'łeeeo'łecKuii acneKm meopuu R3blKa, "Stylistyka"Vll.

KpaCHhIX B.B., 1 998, BupmyMbHQfl pea11bH0Cmb w1u peMbHQfl eupmyMbHOCmb?,

MocKBa.

MAC 1 984 - C11oeapb pyccK020 R3blKa, T.4, MocKBa.

O)l(eroa C.11., lliBeJ.J.OBa H.10., 2003, ToJ1KOBb1ti cJ1oeapb pyccK020 R3blKa. MocKBa.

PAC 1996 - KapaynoB 10.H., CopoKHH IO.A., TapacoB E.<D., Ycj>11Ml(eBaH.B.,

qepKacoBa f.A. PyccKuti accoL/uamueHbn1 cnoeapb, KH.

3,

MocKBa.

«Stil '» in the Language Consciousness of Russian Schoolchildren

The article explains the scope of the term stil ' (style) in the Russian explanatory dictio

naries as compared to the corresponding article in the schoolchildren association dictio

nary. The latter is organized as a frame suggesting the associative fields of the word.

(12)

«CmUJib» B pel/eBOM co311a11uu pyccKux UlKOnbHUKOB

BAJIEHTl1H E. f0Jlb):ll1H