M io d rag V E L IM IR O V IC
A N A D D I T I O N O N D E V E L O P I N G A S Y S T E M F O R A U T O M A T I C D E S I G N O F G E A R T R A N S M I S S I O N S Y S T E M
S U M M A R Y . A n en g in eer e x p erien ce e x h ib its a g reat v a rie ty o f p o ssib le assig n m en ts in the field o f g e ar tran sm issio n system design. A s a resu lt a large n u m b er o f p ro g ram m e m o d u le s fo r calcu latin g v ita l tran sm issio n item s has been dev elo p ed . D ev elo p e d item s fo r d ev elo p in g g e ar tran sm issio n system are not relev an t fo r u ser b ecau se each n ew ly fo rm ed concept o f g e ar tran sm issio n system d em an d s a g reat system im provem ent. D ue to th is reason a p ro g ram m e system in teg ratin g a series o f p artial p ro g ram m es and d a ta files into u n iq u e calcu latin g system has been developed.
T h is essay exposes th e re su lts o f c o n d u cted ex am in atio n s and also a descrip tio n o f the system fo r au to m atic design o f g e a r tran sm issio n system has been presented. T h is system is d e v elo p ed to p ro v id e the usage fo r a w ide range o f g e ar tran sm issio n system s, in d ep en d en t on the n u m b er o f in le t-o u tlet v alues and d e g ree o f tran sm issio n . S tudies h av e been lim ited to the g ear tran sm issio n sy stem w ith fix ed ro tatio n axes.
1. INTRODUCTION
H av in g in m in d th eir function and e co n o m ic value, tran sm issio n g e ar sy stem s are a m ong the m o st im p o rtan t assem b ly blocks. T ran sm issio n g e ars m ak e 80% o f all in stalled g e ar tran sm issio n system s, in d riv in g m ach in es, tec h n o lo g ic al and tran sp o rt system s.
M uch m o re severe de m an d s c o n cern in g the q u ality and p rice o f tran sm issio n g e ar system and sh o rte r tim e fo r acq u irin g a n e w p ro d u ct, m ak e d esign p ro ced u re a p ro b lem in this process.
A larg e n u m b er o f p ro g ram m e m o d u les has b e en d ev elo p ed fo r calcu latin g vital item s o f tran sm issio n g ear system s, fo r in stan ce fo r calcu latin g co g g ed pairs, sh afts and bearings.
D ev elo p ed system s fo r desig n in g tran sm issio n g e ar system s are not flex ib le fo r used because fo r each n ew ly fo rm ed c o n cep t o f tran sm issio n gear' system th ey dem an d en o rm o u s system
Faculty o f mechanical engineering, Ni§, Yugoslavia
reb u ild in g . A dding n ecessary data o r th eir tran sfe r fro m o n e p ro g ram m e m o d u l in to a n o th er m akes larg e d ifficu lties w h ile using these p ro g ram m e p ack ag es. F o r this reaso n , w e h a v e d eveloped a p ro g ram m e system in teg ratin g a series o f partial p ro g ram m es and d a ta files into u n iq u e calculating sy stem . R esearch es h av e been lim ited to tran sm issio n g e a r system w ith fixed ro tatio n axes.
T h e function o f such a C A D system is to provided:
* d esign o f tran sm issio n g e ar system fo r g en eral and special use,
* a co m p lete au to m atic and sim u ltan eo u s d e sig n o f tran sm issio n g e ar system ,
* a partial u sag e o f sin g le m o d u les and the ap p licatio n o f u n iq u e co n tro l system for in terco n n ectin g p ro g ram m e m o d u les m ot d ep en d in g on the selected tran sm issio n gear system co n cep t,
■ operatio n w ith m in im u m inp u t data,
■ o p tim isatio n w ith flex ib le u sage o f d ifferen t targ et and lim it functions.
In en g in eerin g pra ctic e exists a great v ariety o f p o ssib le assig n m en ts in the field o f designing tran sm issio n g ear system s, so that an analyses o f these assig n m en ts is necessary.
2. P O S S IB L E A S S IG N M E N T S IN T IIE F IE L D O F D E S IG N IN G T R A N S M IS S IO N G E A R S Y S T E M S
Tire aim o f an alysing d e sig n -co n stru ctio n a ssig n m en ts is to stale the ran g o f the problem w h ich is to be solved in this process.
D e sig n -co n stru ctio n a ssignm ents can be dev id ed based on the fo llo w in g criteria:
■ a co m p lex ity o f d esigning object,
■ a degree o f know led g e about the object, re g im es and c o n d itio n s o f e x p lo itatio n and
■ the range o f eventual p ro d u ctio n o f d esigned object.
A cco rd in g to the first criteria , it can be dev id ed to d esign and co n stru ctio n p ro c e ss item s, su b sy stem s, i.e. elem en ts, su b a ssem b lie s, assem blies and etc. F o r the sake o f m ak in g a m u ch m ore d efin ed p o ssib le d esig n -co n stru ctio n assignm ents, tran sm issio n g ear sy stem as a co m p lex system can be d ev id ed to th e system in te n d ed lo r p o w e r tran sm issio n , based co n stru ctio n o f th e system (h o u sin g ), and lub ricatin g system and system lo r statin g w ork in g capacities. A t th is stag e the fo llo w in g assignm ents are possible:
♦ a com plete d esign o f tran sm issio n g ear system ,
♦ p o w e r tran sfer system desig n ,
♦ b a s e c o n s t r u c t i o n d e s i g n ( h o u s i n g ) ,
♦ c o o l i n g a n d l u b r i c a t i n g s y s t e m d e s i g n ,
♦ d e s i g n o f a s y s t e m f o r s t a t i n g w o r k i n g c a p a c i t i e s .
B e t w e e n t h e s e s y s t e m s t h e r e is a c o r r e s p o n d i n g c o r r e l a t i o n o f p a r a m e t e r s a n d h i e r a r c h i c a l s y s t e m s t a g e s . A s i m u l t a n e o u s d e s i g n i n g is n e c e s s a r y w h e r e p a r a m e t e r s o f s y s t e m f o r p o w e r t r a n s f e r m a k e t h e s t a l l i n g p o i n t . F o r i n s t a n c e l o a d i n g a n d o v e r a l l d i m e n s i o n s o f t h e s y s t e m f o r p o w e r t r a n s f e r m a k e t h e b a s i c d a t a f o r h o u s i n g d e s i g n , w h i l e p o w e r l o s s e s , a r e a a n d s h a p e o f t h e h o u s i n g a r e u s e d f o r c o o l i n g s y s t e m d e s i g n . V e n d i a g r a m , F i g . l , s h o w s a f u r t h e r p r o c e s s o f p o w e r t r a n s f e r s y s t e m d i s m a n t l i n g b a s e d o n t h e e x a m p l e o f t w o - s t a g e t r a n s m i s s i o n g e a r .
Fig. 1. Ven diagram of two-stage transmission gear
T h i s s y s t e m c o n s i s t s o f t h r e e s u b s y s t e m s c o n n e c t e d to t h e s h a f t s , w h i l e c o r r e l a t i o n ’s b e t w e e n t h e s e s u b s y s t e m s a n d t h e i r e l e m e n t s a r e p r e s e n t e d w i t h s u i t a b l e c r o s s h a t c h e d a r e a s .
T h e a b o v e m e n t i o n e d s h o w s p o s s i b l e a s s i g n m e n t s f o r d e s i g n i n g , c o n s t r u c t i o n o r c o n t r o l l e d c a l c u l a t i o n s :
■ e n e r g y t r a n s f o r m a t i o n i t e m s ( c o g g e d p a i r s , w o r m - t y p e p a i r s ,. .. )
■ s h a f t s ,
■ b e a r i n g s ,
■ ti e s a n d c o n n e c t i o n s .
T h e n n e x t s t a g e is d i s m a n t l i n g t h e i t e m s o n o u t e r a n d i n n e r s t r u c t u r e s w h e r e f r o m t h e f o l l o w i n g a s s i g n m e n t s c a n c o m e o u t . A s f o r c o g g e d p a i r s t h e y a r e :
♦ s e l e c t i o n o f t o o l s p r o f i l e ,
♦ s e l e c t i o n o f m a t e r i a l a n d h e a t t r e a t m e n t ,
♦ s e l e c t i o n o f q u a l i t y a n d m a n u f a c t u r i n g p r o c e s s ,
♦ s e l e c t i o n o f t h e s h a p e o f c o g w h e e l b o d y .
B a s e d o n t h e s e c o n d c r i t e r i a , i.e . o n t h e k n o w l e d g e a b o u t t r a n s m i s s i o n g e a r s y s t e m , its r e g i m e s a n d e x p l o i t a t i o n c o n d i t i o n s , d e s i g n - c o n s t r u c t i o n a s s i g n m e n t s c a n b e b a s i c a l l y c l a s s i f i e d to :
■ r e l i a b i l i t y d e t e r m i n a t i o n ,
■ m a x . l o a d i n g d e t e r m i n a t i o n ,
* s u m m a r i s i n g , d i m e n s i o n i n g a n d s h a p i n g .
R e l i a b i l i t y d e t e r m i n a t i o n is p o s s i b l e s p e c i f i c c o n d i t i o n s a n d e x p l o i t a t i o n r e g i m e s , w h e n a ll r e l e v a n t g e a r t r a n s m i s s i o n s y s t e m s p a r a m e t e r s a r e d e f i n e d . D e p e n d i n g o n t h e e l e m e n t f o r w h i c h th e c a l c u l a t i o n is t o b e m a d e , i.e . o n t h e d e g r a d a t i o n p r o c e s s h a p p e n i n g o n t h e i t e m , i t is p o s s i b l e to d e f i n e , f o r i n s t a n c e , t h e f o l l o w i n g c a l c u l a t i o n s : c o g b a s e a n d s i d e h a r d n e s s , t e a r a n d w e a r , h e a t s t a b i l i t y , d y n a m i c s t a b i l i t y , e l a s t i c d e f o r m a t i o n s a n d s h a f t e l a s t i c i t y a n d s o o n .
F o r d e t e r m i n i n g p o s s i b l e t r a n s m i s s i o n g e a r s y s t e m l o a d i n g it is n e c e s s a r y to d e f in e e x p l o i t a t i o n c o n d i t i o n s a n d t o s e t o n e m i n i m u m r e l i a b i l i t y v a l u e s w h i c h s h o u l d b e p r o v i d e d b y th e t r a n s m i s s i o n g e a r s y s t e m .
I n t h i s c a s e a s w e l l it is n e c e s s a r y t o p r o v i d e a l l r e l e v a n t t r a n s m i s s i o n g e a r s y s t e m p a r a m e t e r s . T h e t h i r d a s s i g n m e n t is t h e m o s t c o m p l e x o n e a n d f o r its s o l v i n g a c o m p l e t e f o r p a r tia l k n o w l e d g e o f t h e f u n c t i o n w h i c h s h o u l d b e a c h i e v e d b y t h e t r a n s m i s s i o n g e a r s y s t e m , c o n d i t i o n s a n d r e g i m e o f th e e x p l o i t a t i o n , i n s t a l m e n t c o n d i t i o n s , t e c h n o l o g i c a l p o s s i b i l i t i e s , n e c e s s a r y r e l i a b i l i t y a n d t r a n s m i s s i o n g e a r r e l i a b i l i t y .
T h e a s s i g n m e n t s h o u l d b e s o l v e d in s e v e r a l s t a g e s s t a l i n g w i t h m a k i n g a c o n c e p t to d e t e r m i n i n g a l l t r a n s m i s s i o n g e a r s y s t e m p a r a m e t e r s . B a s e d o n t h e a c h i e v e d r e s e a r c h e s a p r o g r a m m e m o d u l f o r d e f i n i n g d e s i g n - c o n s t r u c t i o n a s s i g n m e n t h a s b e e n m a d e . T h i s m o d u l is a p a r t o f p r e - p r o c e s s o r e n a b l i n g e f f i c i e n t s t a l l i n g d a t a i n p u t w h i c h d e p e n d s o n t h e s e l e c t e d c o n c e p t u a l v a r i a n t o f t h e t r a n s m i s s i o n g e a r s y s t e m a n d s e l e c t e d a s s i g n m e n t t y p e a s w e ll.
3 . D E S C R I P T I O N o f t h e c a d s y s t e m
I n o r d e r t o s o l v e t h e g i v e n t a s k a n d u s e p r e v i o u s l y d e v e l o p e d p r o g r a m m e m o d u l e s f o r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e l e m e n t s c a l c u l a t i o n , a C A D s y s t e m f o r s i m u l t a n e o u s a n d a u t o m a t i c p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n d e s i g n h a s b e e n d e v e l o p e d . T h e C A D s y s t e m c o n s i s t s o f t h e f o l l o w i n g s o f t w a r e u n its (f ig - 2 )
P P R - a c c o r d i n g to t h e r e q u e s t li s t p r e - p r o c e s s o r m a k e s s e l e c t i o n o f a ll p o s s i b l e s o l u t i o n s f o r a d o p t i o n t h e m o s t a p p r o p r i a t e c o n c e p t i o n o f p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n . O n t h e b a s i s o f th e
a d o p t e d c o n c e p t i o n o f p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n p r e - p r o c e s s o r m a k e s p o s s i b l e a q u i c k e n t r y a n d c o n t r o l o f i n p u t d a t a . I n t h i s w a y is p r o v i d e d v e r y s i m p l e a d o p t i o n o f c a l c u l a t i o n a n d b e c a u s e o f t h a t e n t r y o f m i n i m u m n e c e s s a r y d a ta .
P R O R - p r o g r a m m e c o m p r i s i n g m o d u l e s f o r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e l e m e n t s c a l c u l a t i o n . In t h e s c o p e o f t h e s e m o d u l e s , t h e o p t i m i s a t i o n is p o s s i b l e b u t f o r o n l y p a r a m e t e r s w h i c h d o n 't e f f e c t t h e r e s t e l e m e n t s o f s y s t e m .
O P T - p r o g r a m m e m o d u l e f o r t h e a n a l y s i s o f o b t a i n e d c a l c u l a t i o n s , s e l e c t i o n s o f p o s s i b l e s o l u t i o n s a n d o p t i m i s a t i o n . O n u s e r s r e q u e s t a c o m p l e t e o r p a r t i a l o p t i m i s a t i o n o f p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e l e m e n t s f o r a g i v e n g o a l f u n c t i o n a n d g i v e n b o u n d a r i e s i s c a r r i e d o u t . A t t h e s a m e l i m e , p e r m a n e n t c o m m u n i c a t i o n w ith t h e d a t a b a s e e n a b l e s u p d a t i n g a n d c o m p l e t i o n o f th e e x i s t i n g d a t a o n p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n a f t e r e a c h c a l c u l a t i o n c y c l e .
Fig. 2. CAD system for design of gear drives
S t a r t i n g w i t h d a t a o n p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n o b t a i n e d in t h e f i r s t p h a s e o f t h e d e s i g n p r o c e s s a n d , in c o m m u n i c a t i o n w i t h t h e d a t a b a s e , o n e o r m o r e p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n t y p e s a r e s e l e c t e d . F i n a l d e c i s i o n a s t o t h e p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n c o n c e p t is m a d e b y t h e u s e r o n t h e b a s i s o f t h e o b t a i n e d r e l e v a n t d a t a in d i a l o g u e w ith t h e c o m p u t e r . T h e d a t a o n g e a r d r i v e o b t a i n e d in t h i s p h a s e a s t o r e d in t h e d a t a b a s e a f t e r b e i n g a d e q u a t e l y c h e c k e d a n d u p d a t e d . A l s o , m a c h i n i n g t e c h n o l o g y , m a t e r i a l s a n d s t a n d a r d p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e l e m e n t s a r e s e l e c t e d d e p e n d i n g o n t h e a v a i l a b l e r e c o u r s e s o f th e u s e r . T h e s e d a t a m o s t l y d e f i n e f u r t h e r c a l c u l a t i o n s .
B y a n a l o g y w i t h t h e a b o v e m e n t i o n e d s y s t e m s , c o r r e s p o n d i n g c a l c u l a t i o n s o f t w a r e a re d e v e l o p e d ; t h e y a r e i n c l u d e d in t h e b l o c k P R O R ( f i g .2 ) . T h i s p r o g r a m b l o c k c o n s i s t s t h e n e x t p r o g r a m 's ( f i g . 3 ):
P P S - p r o g r a m m e f o r c a l c u l a t i n g s y s t e m f o r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n ;
S P H - p r o g r a m m e f o r c a l c u l a t i n g t h e r m a l s t a b i l i t y o f p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n s a n d l u b r i c a t i n g s y s t e m s ; D P P - p r o g r a m m e f o r c a l c u l a t i n g d y n a m i c b e h a v i o u r o f p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n s ;
D I J - - p r o g r a m m e f o r d e s i g n i n g s y s t e m s f o r o p e r a b i l i t y d i a g n o s t i c s .
Fig. 3. Programme block PROR
P P S p r o g r a m m e i n c l u d e s c a l c u l a t i o n m o d u l e s f o r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e l e m e n t s in t h e s y s t e m f o r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n .
T h i s p a r t o f a C A D s y s t e m i n c l u d e s t h e f o l l o w i n g c a l c u l a t i o n s :
► gear geometry calculation;
► determining the nominal loads for particular elements;
► calculating application factor through had distribution;
► calculation of load capacity of gears by various standards (ÜIN-3990, AGMA, Niemann) and vaiious criteria (pitting resistance, tooth strength, wear);
► calculation of scuffing load capacity and determining transverse tip relief and root relief;
► calculating the longitudinal and Iran verse load distribution factor Km, Kn, K,u KFa, and deteimining the end relief;
► calculating the shaft elastic deformation and strength;
► bearings calculation.
I n d i v i d u a l p r o g r a m m e m o d u l e s a r e i n t e r r e l a t e d s o t h a t t h e r e z u l t a t s o f o n e m o d u l e c a l c u l a t i o n s a r e u s e d a s i n p u t d a t a f o r a n o t h e r m o d u l e . D a t a o n p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n a r e c o n s t a n t l y b e i n g u p d a t e d a n d , b y c o r r e s p o n d i n g i t e r a t i v e s t e p s b r o u g h t to a h i g h e r le v e l . C a l c u l a t i o n a n d d e s i g n p r o c e s s a r e b y m e a n s o f c o r r e s p o n d i n g c o n t r o l f u n c t i o n s , a n d u s e r h a s p e r m a n e n t a c c e s s to d a t a a n d is in p o s i t i o n to i n t e r v e n e t r o u g h a c o r r e s p o n d i n g d i a l o g u e .
T h e r m a l s t a b i l i t y c a l c u l a t i o n o f p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n a n d l u b r i c a t i n g s y s t e m s is c a r r i e d o u t b y m e a n s o f S P IT p r o g r a m m e . O n t h e b a s i s o f th i s c a l c u l a t i o n o p e r a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e o f p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n s is d e t e r m i n e d u s i n g th e d a t a o n e n e r g y f l o w s in t r a n s m i s s i o n , k i n e m a t i c s a n d g e o m e t r i c a l p a r a m e t e r s o f p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n e l e m e n t s , d e s i g n p a r a m e t e r s o n p o s i t i o n i n g m o d e a n d t i g h t n e s s , l u b r i c a t i n g a g e n t c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s a n d h e a t l o s s e s t h r o u g h c a s i n g , f o u n d a t i o n a n d t r a n s m i s s i o n e l e m e n t s .
I f o p e r a t i n g t e m p e r a t u r e s u r p a s s e s t h e lim it v a l u e , a c a l c u l a t i o n o f c o o l i n g s u b s y s t e m s is d o n e , a l t e r n a t i v e l y f o r :
* p u m p s a n d c o r r e s p o n d i n g s y s t e m s f o r i n c r e a s i n g o il c i r c u l a t i o n w i t h i n c a s i n g ( h o u s i n g ) ;
■ f a n s o n t h e i n l e t s h a f t o f a p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n ,
■ c o o l i n g s y s t e m s w ith c o o l i n g o u t s i d e th e c a s i n g .
L u b r i c a t i n g o il is s e l e c t e d o n t h e b a s i s o f d a t a o b t a i n e d t r o u g h c a l c u l a t i o n s c u f f i n g lo a d c a p a c i t y . In o r d e r t o f in d a d e q u a t e d e s i g n s o l u t i o n w ith r e g a r d t o c r i t i c a l a n d s u p e r c r i t i c a l r e v o l u t i o n n u m b e r a r e a it is n e c e s s a r y to d e t e r m i n e t h e d y n a m i c b e h a v i o u r o f p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n in e x p l o i t a t i o n c o n d i t i o n s . T h e e f f e c t o f i n t e r n a l d y n a m i c f o r c e s o n p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n lo a d c a p a c i t y is a l r e a d y c o n s i d e r e d v i a d y n a m i c f a c t o r K v in t h e s y s t e m c a l c u l a t i o n f o r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n . H o w e v e r , in c a s e s w h e r e m a j o r i t y o f d a t a w e r e u n k n o w n o r o n l y s o a p p r o x i m a t e l y , t h e c a l c u l a t i o n w a s d o n e o n l y b y C m e t h o d ( D I N - 3 9 9 0 ) . A t t h i s s t a g e , d a t a o n p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n d e s i g n s o l u t i o n h a v e b e e n c o m p l e t e , s o t h a t f a c t o r K v c a n b e c a l c u l a t e d b y A m e t h o d . T h e c a l c u l a t i o n is i n c l u d e d in D P I ’ p r o g r a m m e w h e r e g e o m e t r i c a l a n ti d e s i g n p a r a m e t e r s o b t a i n e d in t h e c a l c u l a t i o n s s o f a r , a r c u s e d a s i n p u t d a t a . S h o u l d a c h a n g e o f t h e p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n d e s i g n p a r a m e t e r s p r o v e n e c e s s a r y at s t a g e , a n a c c e s s to a n y p r o g r a m m e m o d u l e f o r th e p u r p o s e s o f r e n e w e d c a l c u l a t i o n s is p o s s i b l e .
D I J p r o g r a m m e i n c l u d e s th e d i a g n o s t i c s s y s t e m d e s i g n f o r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n a n d c o r r e s p o n d i n g s a f e t y d e v i c e s o p e r a b i l i t y .
4. CONCLUSION
T h e p r e s e n t e d C A D s y s t e m f o r p o w e r t r a n s m i s s i o n d e s i g n e n a b l e s :
► automatic and simultaneous design of complete power transmissions with fixed axes of
rotation;
► selection of the optimum variant of multi-vaiiant solution with flexible use of vaiious goal functions and boundaries;
► operation with minimum number of input data and their constant control;
► work in dialogue with the computer and with an easy access to programme modules;
► application of unique control system functions for interrelating programme modules depending on calculation type;
► simple connection to the users systems with the use of available user s programmes and data bases.
5 . R E F E R E N C E S
[1 ] H u b k a , V ., T h e o r i e d e r K o n s t r u k t i o n s p r o z e s s e , B e r l i n : S p r i n g e r - V e r l a g , 1 9 7 6 . [ 2 ] N i e m a n n G ., W i n t e r H ., M a s c h i n e n e l e m e n l e , B a n d I I , S p r i n g e r - V e r l a g B e r l i n , 1 9 8 9 . [3 ] H i e r s i g ., A n t r i e b s t e c h n i k - I I , R u h r U n i v e r s i t a e t B o c h u m , 1 9 8 2 .
[ 4 ] W i l t e n o v i c V ., B e i t r a g z u r E n t w i c k l u n g e i n e r M e l h o d e f u e r d i e Z .u v c r I a e s s i g k e i t s p r o g n o s e v o n M a s c h i n e n s y s t e m e n . D i s s e r t a t i o n . M a s c h b a u f a k u l t a e t N i5 , 1 9 8 2 .
[ 5 ] H . W i n t e r , T . P l a c z e k , I C B e m k l e r , P r o g r a m m s y s l e m z u r A u s l e g u n g u n d B e r e c h n u n g v o n S t i m r a d g e t r i e b e n , s . 7 5 - 8 1 A n t r i e b s t e c h n i k 11
[ 6 ] S . D a i z h o n g , M S c a n d R .J .F o r g i e , B S c , C E n g , M i M e c h E , D e s i g n D i v i s i o n , U n i v e r s i t y o f S t r a t h c l y d e , G l a s g o w D e v e l o p m e n t o f a n e x p e r t s y s t e m a p p r o a c h t o a n e n g i n e e r i n g d e s i g n p r o c e d u r e , p a g e 9 7 5 - 9 8 9 .
R e v i s e d b y : J a n K a z m i e r c z a k
