Mhmc. E. B E P H E P
Ba66nT BT npeacTaBJineT co6oh MajioanoBHHHCTbift cnjiaB Ha cbhhhoboh ocHOBe, npeflHa3HaqeHHbia ajih
33JIHBKH KOpeHHbIX H HiaTyHHbIX nOAUIHnHHKOB 3BTO- Mo6HJibHbix h TpaKTopHbix ABHraTejieH.
Ejiaronapa ctioco6hocth H3MeHHTb cbohctbb noii BJIHHHHeM TepMHHBCKOH OfipagOTKH, 3TOT 6a6ÓHT MOJKeT 6biTb npHMeHeH a no;uunnHHKax nan b jihtom, tsk h
B OTO>K>KGHHOM COCTOHHHHX.
KaK npaBHJio, TcpMHnecKan o6pa6oTKa npHMeHaeTCH npH H3rOTOBJieHHH TOHKOCTeHHbIX BKJiaAblmefi C uejlb io nOBbimeHHH njiaCTHHHOCTH, yCTajIOCTHOH npOHHOCTH H yjiynmeHHH npnpaóaTbiBaeMocTH 6a6ÓHTa b noAniHnHH- Kax 6bicipoxoaHbix flBHraTejieft.
CorjiacHO TOCT 1320-41, b 6a66me BT ycTaHaBjm- BaeTCH cjienyiomee coaepnoHHe OTnejibHbix sjieMeHTOB (b %»): ojiOBa 9— 11; cypbMbi 14— 16; Me^H 0,7— 1,1;
TejiJiypa 0,05—0,20; cBHHua — ocTajibHoe. /JonycTHMbie npHMecH: wejie3o — He 6ojiee 0,1, MbiuibHK — 0,3;
Hh h k— 0,15; BHCMyT — He 6<wiee 0,10.
iiJ ia 3ajiHBKH Ha C T a jib H yio jie H T y, H a y m y ro Ha H3-
rOTOBJieHHe TOHKOCTeHHblX aBTOMOÓHJIbHbK BKJiaHblHiefl,
n p e a e jib i cop;ep}KaHHH OT.aejibHbix ajieiweHTOB cy>KHBa-
rorcH npH coxpaHeHHH cpenHeft BejiHHHHbi (3a hckjiio- HeHneM Mean, BepxHHft n p e A e ji KOTopofl ycTaH aB jiH B aeT- ch b 0,5°/o.). CoaepJKaH H e KaflM HH He M o w e T «ony- CKaTbCH 6 o jie e 0 ,2 % .
ripoBeAeiiiibie aBTopoM b H A T H HccjienoBaiiM
noKa-3ajiH, h to BBeaeHHe TejiJiypa H3MejibnaeT KyCbi x h m h- HeCKOrO COeHHHeHHH CypbMbl C OJIOBOM, HeCKOJIbKO no- BbiuiaeT iuiacTHHHocTb caM oro cruiaBa b j ih t o m c o c to h- h h h, y jiy m u a e T npHpa6aTbiBaeM0CTb 6a66w T a h npH- flaeT eMy cb o h c tb o, e jia ro n a p n KOTopoMy o h M oweT noHBepraTbCH TepMHnecKofi ośpafioTKe. l l o Bceft Bepo- h t h o c t h, Tejuiyp o6p a3 yeT Me>KKpHCTajuiHHecKyio ruieH- Ky, npenHTCTByioinyio poCTy 3epHa, u wrpaeT pojib m o- aH<j)HKaTopa b npopecce TepiunnecKOH o6pa6oTKH.
B OTJlHHHe OT a p y rH X MajIOOJIOBHHHCTbIX 6 a 6 6 HTOB *,
6a66m BT cn o co ó e H H3MeHHTb cboh njiacT H necK H e CBOHCTBa n o a BJIHHHHeM TepMHHeCKOH o fip a fio T K H . Ot-
* Hr npH T e M ne paT ype 230° h o n T H M a jib H o fl Bbiaep>KKe b TeneHHe Tp ex nacoB c n o c jie a y io m H M oxjia>K!ieH H eM H3 B 0 3 fly x e npHBO,aHT K H3MeHeHHK) C TpyKTypbl 3BTeK- t h k h, nepeBOH.H ee H3 n jia c T H H n a T o ro cTpoeHHH b 3ep - HHCToe, h pe3Ko ¡no'BbiuiaeT njiacTHHHocTb 6 a 6 6 H ra Tan y fla p H a a BH3KocTb B 0 3 p a c ra e T b 2— 3 p a 3 a, y a ^ H H e -’
Hue noBbim aeTCH Ha 300— 400*/» (n o c jie jiH e e HMeeT o c o 6 eHHO ó o jib in o e 3HaqeHHe n p n H3roTOBjieHHH t o h k o- cre H H b ix 6 H M eT ajijiH qecK H x B K JiaH biuiefl uiT aM no B K oft H3
^eH Tbi, Tax x a K n o cn e oTHCHra pa3HHpa M e w ^ y ko3c()c{)h
-H. C. 3 hho bhh b 1939— 1940 rr. b H A T H 6 w jia npoBefleHa npoBepna bjihhhhh pa3JiHHHbix pewnMOB TepMHHecKoił o6pa6oTKH (3aKajiKa, oTWHr) 6a66HTa b H , He flaB m efi nOBbimeHHH njiacTHnecKHx cbohctb.
Phc, 1. MaJioojiOBHHHCTbiii óa6- 6ht 6e3 TejiJiypa.
Phc. 2. Tot ace 6a66nT c_Ao6a- BjieHHeM TejiJiypa.
Phc. 3. Tot * e 6a66nT c ao6aB- JieHneM TejiJiypa nocne OTłKHra.
EjHeHTaMH yÄJiHHeHHH ßaßÖHTa h CTajiH yMeHbmaeTCfl, 'ît o oßjierqaeT npouecc uiTaM noBK«),
nepexoa ruiacTHHqaToro CTpoeHHH bbtckthkh b 3ep-
«HCToe HaqHHaerca npa TeMnepaType 190°, ho nojiHbift
•9of¡eX0a ÖTMGH6H TOJibKo b HHTepBajie TeMnepaTyp
" 0 — 235° U, (puc* 1, 2 h 3). njiacTHnecKHe cbohctbh
B CJlytiae OT>KHra nPH TeMnepaTypax HHxce U. Äa>Ke npH ÄJiHTe/ibHOH BbiÄep>KKe Majio H3Me- hhiotch. Tan, nocjie OT>KHra b TeqeHwe 100 qacoB ripn TeMneparype 80° yaapHan BH3K0CTb noBbicHjiacb Ha Hi' Kr/cM2, yajiHHeHHe >Ke ocTajioeb 6e3 H3MeHeHHH.
^TJKHr b revenue 25 qacoB npH reMnepaType 170° aaJi îiOBbimeHHe yaapHoñ bh3kocth ot 0,05 ä o 0,1 kt/cm2 H yaJiHHeHHe ot 0 ao 150% no cpaBHeHHio c homh-
®ajioM.
Ha noBbiraeHHe miacTHUHOCTH 6a66nra npn otjkhtb 'aTpHuaTejibHO bjihhkjt aoöaBKa KaaMHH h riOBbimeHHe n PoueHTa coaepwaHHH Mean. HaHjiyqmeft ruiacTHq-
^ocTbio oßjiaaaioT MajioojioeHHHCTbie CBHHUOBO-cypbMH- HHCTbie cnaaßbi c TejuiypoM npn coaepjKaHHH Mean
•Äo 0,5Ve. Ecjih coaepwaHHe Mean cocTaBJineT 1%, to
yaJiHHeHHe KaK y jiHTbix, TaK h y OTOHOKeHHbix cnjia- 00 CHHJKaeTCH, a yaapHan BH3KOCTb npn MeujieHHOM
^xaa>KaeHHH cruiaBOB bo BpeMH 3ajiHBKH naaaer.
ö o iy q a e ObiCTporo oxjiajKaeHHH ciuiaBOB, yuapHan
BH3KOCTb npH COÄepiKaHHH MeflH 0,5 H 1% npaKTHTC-CKH OÆHH3KOBa.
Hanóoaee pe3Koe CHnweHne ruiacTHqecKHx cbohctb OafißHTa HaöaioaaeTCH npH coaepjKaiiHH Mean CBbime
1.5%. TepMHHecKaa oôpaôoTKa b 3tom cjiyqae npaKTH- necKH He aaeT actxjieKTa.
O flHaKo cHna<eHHe c o a e p x o m iH Mean äo 0,5d/o HMeeT CBOH OTpnuaTeÄbHbie CTOpOHbl, TaK KaK npHBO- ÄHT K yBejIHHeHHIO JIHKBaUHH OTÄejIbHblX COCTaBJIHIO- m Hx 6a6ÖHTa npn ero pacruiaBjieHHH. BcjieacTBHe sto- ro , cocTaB öaßßHTa c no«H>KeHHbiM coaepxoHHeM m e- m He MOJKeT ÖblTb peKOMeHÄOBaH ÄJIH HHÄHBHÄyajIb- HOH 33JIHBKH B M a u b iiu e ii, ocoöeHHO npH u e H T p o ö e *- HOM cnocoße, npHMeHaeMOM Ha pnae aBTOTpaKropHbix H aBTOpeMOHTHblX 33B0Ä0B H B M T M .
BBeaeHHe HeßojibiuHX KOJiHqecTB KaaMHH H3MeHHeT npaBHjibHocTb cTpyKTypbi KyßoB SnSb, aejiaa hx no- pHCTWMH, h napajiH3yeT aeftcTBHe Tejuiypa, He Aaßan yjiyqmeHHH cbohctb SaßÖHTa npn o m n re
Otjkht cruiaBOB, He couepHOiiiHx Tejuiypa, BecbMa He3HaqHTejibHO noBbimaeT hx njiacTHqecKHe CBoflcTBa, npHÖÄHJKaH HX K CBOHCTBaM JWTbIX Cn^aBOB C ÄOÖaB- KOH Tejuiypa.
B Taôji. 1 npHBeaeHbi MexaHHqecKne CBoftcTBa pa3- jiHqHbix öaößHTOB h noKa3aHO OTpapaTejibHoe BJiHHHHe ÄOÖaBOK KaflMHH.
M exaH H qecK H e CBoflcTBa pa3JiHHHbix öaööHTOB
T a 6 jiH ii, a 1
HanMeHOBaHHe cnaaßa
BaÖÖHT B83 (BblCOKOOaOBHHHCTblft) . aoÔHT BH c ÄOÖaBKoft HHKeaa K (O O H ÄpaT)...
aÖÖHT BT B ÄHTOM COCTOHHHH (CO- CTaß: oaoBa— 9,7%, cypbMW— 15,5%, Mean— 1,1%, Tejuiypa— 0,15% ) . . . ßaöÖHT BT toto xce codaB a nocae O T x a i r a ...
^ a6ÖHT BT c .aoöaBJieHHeM 0,5% xaa-R 8 JIHTOM COCTOHHHH . . . . oöht BT c Äo6aBaeHHeMÖ,5% Kaa- MHH nocae oTacnra...
tiiefi^aK BHaHO 1,3 TaÖJiHUH, ßaßöHT BT oöjiaaaeT 6óab-BH HJlaCTHqHOCTblO no cpaBHeHHio C a p y rH M CBH'HUO- MeiiTbIM 6a66HT<JM ß H , co a e p jK a u iH M aecfiHUHTHbie aae- R tl bl KaaMHH h HHKeab. T B e p a o cT b npH noBbim eH - 2 TeM n e p a T y p a x y öaßßH Ta BT npHM eoH o Ha 1—
7ÍañHHIIbl HHJKe> qeM y OJIOBHHHCTHX ßaßÖHTOB.
CBOH Ö° P a T 0 PHbIe HCnbIT3HHH aHTHlfipHKUHOHHblX e0 _ CTB> npoBeaeHHbie b jiaßopaTopuH H3Hoca,
pyxo-c b o ü o°b n P°4>- M . X p y m o B b iM , no K a3aaH BbicoKne gWCTBa ßaßßHTa BT.
y n e ji , CJIytIae Pa 6oTbi c nojiH poB aH H biM H p a n ^ a M H npH KHI! HOM ÄaBJleHHH B 300 kt/cm2, K03(})(j)HU,HeHT Tpe- ojionofH 6a56 HTa BT 6bui paßeH 0,0079, äjih bwcoko- B i r ^ ' g g ^ j 0! SaößHTa B83 — 0,0101, a ä j ih öaßßH Ta
« J L - M - x P y m o B . H ccJieaoBaH H e n p H p a ß o m H
“ HHHKOBbix cnaaBOB H uan<i>. A H CCCP, 1946 r.
ÎB e p -ÂOCTb HB 5 62 5/180
McnbiTaHue na pa3pwB McnbiTaHHe
na OKâTHe y ^a p H a a
^0,2 KT/MM*
ç>
° M ax
k t/m m3 Vo k t^0,2/m m3 k t^ Max/m m2
B5I3KOCTb k t-m/cm2
29,7 — 7 ,7 3,1 7 ,5 11,7
0,54 0,40
29,1 7,3 7,6 0 ,8 8,9 10,2 0,20
26,5 5 ,5 7 ,7 3,1 7,2 12,4
0.20 0,30
21,9 4 ,2 , 6 ,7 11.7 5 ,4 11,3
0,40 0,60
30,0 8 ,2 8,5 0,8 10,9 13,8 0,20
21,9 5 ,2 6 ,3 2,4 7,06 11,2 0,29
Kax n o K a 3 a jiH H ccaeaoB aH H íi M. X p y m o B a , BBene- HHe T e a jiy p a y jiy q m a e T «npH paß araB aeM O C T b» ÖaSÖHTa h n o B b im aeT y c T a jio c T H y io np oqH ocT b.
XljIHTejIbHbie SKCnjIOaTaUHOHHble HCnblTaHHH HOBblX H OTpeMOHTHpOBaH'HhIX ÂBHraTejICH nOKa3ajIH, htc H3HOC m e e n KOJieHqaToro B a jía n p n pa ô o T e b c o n p n - ÍKeHHH C CaßÖHTOM BT, npH yCJIOBHH yCTaHOBJleHHH npaBHJibHoro 3a3opa, MeHbine, qeM npn paßoTe c ßaöÖHixiM B83 HJiH BH. Tax, npn 500-qacoßbix creH-ÄOBblX HCÜblTaHHHX H3HOC UieeK, paÖOTaBHIHX c fiaßÖH-TOM BT, cocTaBHjx 0,016 m m, a c 6à66HTOM B83 — 0,035 m m.
BaößHT BT c y c n e x o M HcnbiTaH b noauiHTiHHKax 6eH- 3H'HOBbix ÄBHraTeJieü jierKOBbix h rp y 3 0 B b ix h b t o m o ó h- Jiefł h b ra3oreHepaTopHbix h KepocHHOBbix TpaKTOp- HblX ÂBHTaTejIHX. B HaCTOHIU.ee BpeMH O H U IU P O K O TipH-
MeHHercH.
3,5
T e x H O J io ru n s aa h b k h iío a i h h i i h h k o b
B yCJIOBHHX pSMOHTa
Ba66HT B T HMeeT pHA TexHOAoruqecKHX npeHMy- mecTB no cpaBHeHHio c B H . H a n fío jie e BaiKHbiMH H3 hhx hbahiotch: Cojiee HHaKan TeMnepaTypa 3ajraBKH, AynrnaH MHAKOTeKyqecTb, npaKTHnecKH OTCyTCTBHe y ra - p a OTAejibHbix KOMnoHenTOB h MeHbmaH AHKBamiH co- CTaBJiaioinHx BJieMeHTOB n p n BbiAepjKKe b jkhakom co -CTOHHHH.
TexHOAoran 33ahbkh 6a66HTa B T no CTajm cyuie- CTBeHHO He OTJinnaeTCH ot TexHOAoran 3ajiHBKH Apy- rHMH '6a66HTaMH. n p n 3aAHBKe BKJiaAbimeñ B a m o , hto- 6bi Ha hx noBepxHOCTH He 6hjio cjieAOB >KHpa, p>KaB- HHHbi n ocTaTKOB HeBbinAaBAeHHOro CTaporo 6a66HTa (b CAynae nepe3aAHBKH).
JlyjK eH ae npoH3BOAHTca TpeTHHKOM n p n TeMnepaType 280— 300° b BaHHe, b Kompoft ypoBeHb TpeTHHKa Bbime BbicoTbi BKJiaAbima. Xoporno npoAy?KeHHbie AeTaAH AOAJKHbl ÓbITb nOKpbITbl paBHOMepHblM TOHKHM CJIOeM noAyAbi cepeópHCTO-ceporo HBeTa. HeAb3H AonycKaTb
«eJiToro OTTeHKa e a noBepxHOCTH n o jiyA b i (hto 03Ha- qaeT neperpeB no A yA b i), a TaKJKe HenpoAyjKeHHbix yna- ctkob h nepHbix totck. rTocne AyjKeHHH BKAaAbim HaAO 3aAHTb He no3AHee, neM ie p e 3 15 cex., HHane noAyAa OKHCAHTCH H 3aCTbIHeT. 3aAHBKa npOH3BOAHTCH HO jkhakoh noAyAe. TeM nepaxypa 6a66nTa b BauHe aoajk- Ha CbiTb b np e A e jia x 410—430°. rioBepxHOCTb jkhakoto 6a66aTa b BaHHe peKOMeHAyeTCH noKpbiBaTb xycKaMH y rjiH aa h npeAoxpaHeHHH ot okhca6hhh h bo BpeMH 33AHBKH nepeMemHBaTb nepe3 KaJKAbie 5—10 mhh.
ToACTOCTeHHble BKA3ABIIIIH 3ajIHB3K)T KOKHAbHblM HAH UeHTpofieJKHblM CnOCOÓOM, KOTOpblft n03BOAHeT noJiy- qHTb fíojiee ynAOTHeHHbiñ caoh 6a66HTa. B c.nynae npHMeHeHHji KOKHJibHoro cnocoóa 33ahbkh (HanpHMep.
Ha npnSope T A P O ) npeABapHTeAbHo nporpeBaiOT CTep- jKe«b h noAAOH npnóopa ao TeMneparypbi 150— 200° LL.
n p n 3ajiHBKe u,eHTpo6e>KHbiM cnocofioM HeoCxoAHMO npeAsapHTeJibHo npOBepHTb npaBHAbHocTb ycTaHOBJieH- HblX HHCeA OÓOpOTOB CT3HK3 AAH AaflHOTO AHSMeTpa BKJiaAbima h BbiópanHoñ TOJimnHbi cjioh 33ahbkh 5a6- 6ht3.
T lp n iieHTpoóeHCHOM anocofie 3aAHBKH 6a6ÓHT B T He peKOMeHAyeTCH 33AKBaTb caobm 60Aee 3,5 m m. TIo- BbimeHne TOAmHHbi caoh BAeneT 3a cofioñ yBeAHneHHe JIHKBaHHH OTAeAbHblX COCTaBAHIOmHX, T3K KaK npH 3tom c n o c o fíe 33ahbkh 6 o A e e jie r K H e SAeM eHTbi h hx coeAHHeHHH (ojiobo, c y p b M a , M e A b ) cocpeAO TO H H BaioT- ch b u e H T p e B p a m e H H H , n o n a A a n b cjioh n p a n y c n a Ha M e x a H H n e c K y io o g p a ó o T K y , h n p n n o c A e A y io m e H - o típ á - 6oTKe yAaJiíHOTCH b BHAe C TpyjK K H, a b p a fío n e M c jio e n o A n iH n H H K a ocTaeTC H ó o r a T a n cbhhuom n a c T b c n A aB a , H M ero m a H x y A in n e aH TH4>pH K iiH O H H He CBOHCTBa.
J1,AH TOJICTOCTeHHblX BKJiaAblUieíi aBTOMOSHAH 3H C -5 peKOMeHAyeTCH CKopocTb BpameHHH 700-—750 o fio p o ro B UinHHAeJIH B MHHyTy npH yCAOBHH, HTO TOAIHHHa CJIOH He npeBbiuiaeT 3,5 m m. Tipa 6 o A b in e ñ TOAiu,HHe cjioh 33AHBKH SaCÓHTa OfíopOTbl AOAJKHbl 6bITb CHHHíeHbl.
3aAHBKy cjieAyeT n p oh3b o a hTb oahoh nopuH eñ Me- TaA Jia, He A o n y c n a n nepepbm a CTpyn hjih noBTopHoñ AOAHBKH. 3aAHTbIH BKAaAblIU peKOMSHAyeTCH OXAaíK- AaTb OK3TbIM B03AYXOM. OxjiaiKAeHHe He AOJIJKHO Ób¡Tb CAHUIKOM MeAJieHHbIM.
ToHKOCTeHHbie BKAaAbIHIH C H3HOHieHHbIM 6a66HT0M peKOMeHAyeTCH, Kan npaBHAo, 3aMeHHTb h o b m m h BKAa- AbiuiaMH peMOHTHbix pa3MepoB.
B H C K jiio m T e jib H b ix C JiynaHx n p H H eo 6x o A H M o c T H n e - pe33AH BK H TOHKOCTeHHblX BKAa n b iiu e n np eA B ap H T eJib H o HaAO O T o 6 p a T b Te H3 h h x, y K O Topbix y n o p H b ie yCHKH c o B ep u ie H H o u e jib i, H a p y jK H b iñ A H a M e T p b n jio c K o c ™ cthkob M e H b iu e A H a M e T p a rH e 3 A a He S o A e e, ne M Ha 3 MM H H eT HHK3KHX n o B p e K A e H H Íi H a H apyjKH O H
CTaAbHoñ noBepxHOCTH (b hSo h h, 3aAHpoi?). llocjie Bbl- nAaBJieHHH 6a66ma peKOMeHAyeTCH nocTenenno pacniH- pHTb BHyTpeHHHH AHaMeTp BKJiaAblHia Ha KpyrAblX onpaBKax pa3Horo AHaMeTpa a o pa3Mepa, KorAa Ha- pyjKHbiñ AHaMeTp BKAaAbima b njiocKoc™ ero pa3T>eM3 SyAeT Ha 1— 1,5 m m óojibine nocaAOHHoro rHe3Aa (AHa
MeTp a HHWIieH rOAOBKH HiaTyHa H OTBepCTHH b 6jiokg AJiH KopeHHoro noAniHnHHKa) h BKAaAbiuiH 6yAyT npn- jieraTb k noBepxHOCTH rHe3Aa He Menee, neM Ha 85 % . 3ajiHBKa BKAaAbiiueii c ueAbio yMenbiueHKH AeiJiopMa- UHH np0H3B0AHTCH B CneUHajIbHblX aAIOMHHHeBblX onpaBKax, paaMepbi KOTopwx CTporo BbiAepiKHBaiOTC»
corjiacHO TexHHnecKHM ycjiOBHHM, MeJKAy BKjiaAbiinaMH BCT3BAHIOTCH npOKAaAKH.
Ha pnc. 4 noKa3aH o6mHii b h a naTpoHa a a h a©h t- pOÓeHIHOH 33AHBKH TOHKOCTeHHblX BKAaAblUieñ KOH- cxpyKUHH H A T H .
ToHKocTeHHbie B K A a A b iin ii 3 B iuiaA biB aioTC H no n a p H O B O npaB K y 2 , KOTOpan CTHTHBaeTCH KOHyCHblM KOAb- h o m. 3aTeM BKAaAbiniH oÓAyjKHBaiOTCH b c 6 o p e c
Ph c. 4. riaTpoH ueHTpoóeiKHoro CTaHKa A AH 33AIIBKTI TOHKOCTeHHblX BKAaAblHieft:
1 — cMeHHbie 3awHMaiomHe nJiaHiuañSbi; 2—onpaBKa fljia BKjiaabima; 3 — TOHKocTeHHbie BiuianbiuiH.
OnpaBKOH H BMeCTe C Heñ CTaBHTCH B 3a>KHM Hbie IÍA a H - mañ6bi 1 n a T p o H a iie H T p o ó e K H o r o C TaH Ka, n o c A e ñ e r o HeMeAASHHO 3aAHB3IO TCH 6 a 6 6 H T O M .
B cjiyq a e npHMeHeHHH TepMHqecKOft oCpafioTKH ot- 5KHT BKAaAblUieñ npOH3BOAHTCH B AeHb 33AHBKH HX AO Mexa'HHnecKOH ofipaóoTKH. JTa h o x w n ra MoryT Cm t b HCnOAb30BaHbI MaCAHHbie B3HHbI HAH OTnyCKHble nenit c B03AyuiHbiM BeHTHAHTopoM. TeM nepaTypa oTiKHra AOAJKHa fibITb 2 2 5 + 5 ° 14 C BblAepjKKOH 33AHTbIX BKA3- Abiuieñ n p n 3TOÍ1 TeMnepaType b TeneHHe Tpex nacoa h nocAeAyiomHM oxAa>KAeHHeM Ha B03Ayxe. yKa3aH H vio TeMnepaTypy OTJKHra CAeAyeT tohho KOHTpOAHpoBaTb.
H c n o j i b 3 0 B a H H e o t x o a o b
CTpyiKKy 6a66ma BT h3ao xpaHHTb oTAeAbHo h hb b KoeM CAynae He CMemHBaTb co CTpyjKKoñ ApyrHX 6a66moB,bocoSchhocth BH. OnHmeHHyio MarHHTOM o t
* eAe3Hbix nacTHU CTpyiKKy nepenAaBAHiOT, pacKHCAHiOT
b TeneHHe 10—15 m hh. HamaTbipeM h Hape3aHHbiM CbipblM KapTOlJieAeM, BIBOAHMblM B KOAOKOAbHHKe H3 AHO B3HHbl, CHHMaiOT IHA3K, nepeMelHHBaiOT H pa3AH- B3IOT B H3AO>KHHII.bI. IlocAe XHMHqecKoro aHaAH3a nepe- ÜAaB CTpyHÍKH MOMCHO H-Cn0Ab30BaTb AAH AOHIHXTOBKH k cBOKeMy 6a66HTy.
npH BBeAeHHH Cbiporo KapiXKjleAH CHAaB HHTeHCHBHO 6ypAHT, H OKHCAbI C ny3bIpbKaMH B03AyXa nOAHH- MaiOTCH Ha nOBepXHOCTb B3HHbI. rioSTOMy BO BpeMH pa- 6otw HeoóxoAHMO HaAeBaTb 3amHTHbie ohkh aah npe
AoxpaHeHHH pafionero ot 6pbi3r MeTaAAa.
9KcnjioaTau,Hfl u cóopKa noAumnHHKOB b ycJiOBHHX peMOHTa
K ax H3BGCTHO, Bce 6a66nTbi na cbhhuobhctoh ocho -B e n o cpaBH eH H io c o j io b h h h c t ł i m h S o jie e a y b c t b h- TejibH bi k paaJiHtiHbiM AetJieKTaM cóo pK H — n e p e K o c a M n p H y c r a n o B K e B K JiaAbim a, ó n e H H io K O A e H A a ro ro B ajía, HenpaiBHJibHbiM 3 a 3o p a M , 3a rpH 3H e H m o C M a3onH oro Ma- c j i a , KpaeBbUM A a B J ie ra a M h t. n. T k a T O M y n p n cO o p K e JIB H raT ejieH € IIOAHMIIHHKaMH, 3aAHTbI;MH 'ÓaSÓHTOM B T {'KaK H AIOfiblM CBHHUOBHCTbIM 6 ai6 6 HTOM), CAeAyeT 0 6 - pamaTb ocoOoe BHHMaHHe Ha npaBHJibHOCTb reoMeTpHH COnpHJKeHHH KOJieHHaTblfl B a ji — nOAUIHnHHK.
OcOÓeHHO BaJKHO COÓJIHJAaTb npHBHJIbHblH 3aSOp B :noAUiBiiHHKe; npn HeAOCTaTOAHOM 3a3ope B 6a66HTe B T npoH3 0HAeT cMHrae noBepxHOCTHbix CAoeB, HaBOAa- KHBaMHe 6 a 6 6 jm , h oh 6yAeT qemyüKaMH otagastbch OT nOBepXHOCTH, ATO B AaAbHeHIIieM IipHBeAGT K Bbl- HAaBAeHHK) nOAHIHnHHKa.
T y ra n 3aTH>KKa b HaAaAe paóoTbi hphboaht k Bbico- k h m MecTHbiM AaBAeHHHM, k nepexoAy 6a66vna 3a npeAeA TeKyqecTH u ocTaTOAHbiM AetJiopMauHHM, b m- sbiBaiomHM noBbimeHHyio ocaAKy. B AajibHefimeM H3-3a SToro npHXOAHTCH ñame nepeTHTHBaTb ttoahihiiihhkh.
B TafiA. 2 npHBeAeHbi npoBepeHHbie npaKTHKoii H^pe- KOMeHAyeMbie 3a3opbi aah OTAeAbHbix ABHraTejieñ c TOJICTOCTeHHblMH BKAaAblUiaMH.
T a 6 ah u a 2
.UBHraTeAb
HaHMeHO-BaHHe noA-HIHnHHKOB
ZlHaMeTp UieHKH, MM
PeKOMeHAye- Mblíl 3a30p,
MM
3 H C -5 UlaTyHHbie 57 0 , 0 6 - 0 , 0 8
1 M A ryee- KopeHHbie 85 0 ,0 6 — 0 ,0 9 HHAHOTO
TpaKTopa C T 3 -H A T M
IliaTyHHbie 85
TpaKTopa y-2
IIIaTyHHbie 58 0 ,0 5 — 0 ,0 9
« Mo c k b h a» 1 KopeHHbie — 0 ,0 5 —0 ,1 0
n o M H M o y K a 3 a e H o ro Bbim e, neAOCTaTOAHbiñ 3a 3op npKBOAHT k 3arpH3HeHHio paóoneñ nOBepXHOCTH 6a66n-
T a TIOCTOpOHHHMH AaCTHIiaMH, TaK KaK npn 9T0M Aa- OTHpbi a 6 p a 3HBHoro H3Hoca h a h rp«3b He ynooHTCH
c MaCAHHblM nOTOKOM, a SaAepJKHBaiOTCH H BKAHHH- BaK)TCH b noBepxHOCTb 6a66HTa, paóoTaa 3aTeM, Kan aópa3HB, ato, b cboio onepeA t, Bbi3biBaeT noBbimeHHbiñ H3HOC BaAa.
H afiAiO AaAHC b CAynaH, K o rA a no cA e o6k3t k h A B H ra- reAH c HenpaBHAbHbiMH 3a3opaM H ao 90 % pa S o neñ
¿TOBepxHOCTH 6 a 6 6 a r a 6h a o noKpbiTO nocTopoHHHMH MeTaAAHAeCKHMH A3CTHU3MH, BbI3bIBaBHIHMH B AaAb- HeHHjeM CHAbHblH H3HOC BaAa.
n p H H 3AHAHH TOHKOCTeHHHX BKAaAbIHieH C BHCOKOH TOA'HOCTbIO OfipaÓOTKH COIipíDKeHHblX AeTaAeñ H yHAOT- HeHHblM TOHKHM CAOeM 6 a 6 Ó H T a , He A arom H M OCaAKH, Me>KAy nOlAHIHIlHHKOM H B3A0M yCTaH3BAHBaiO rCH 3a- 30 pbl MeHbUieñ BeAHAHHbl. T a K , 3330P B IUaTyHHblX noAUiHnHHKax ABHraTeAH TA3-51 cocTaBAHeT 0,012 0,051 m m (AHaMeTp BaAa 51,5 m m) ; a a h KopeHHbix noAiHHnHHKOB T o ro ate ABHraTeAH 0,026 0,065 m m (A H aM eTp BaAa 64 m m) .
IlAOTHOCTb H TOAIAHHa CAOH ÓaSÓHTa y TOACTOCTeH- Hbix H TOHKOCTeHHblX BKAaAbIHieH p 3 3 AHAHbI, nO3T0My h n o A x o A K h h m n p n SKcnAoaTauH H h peMOHTe ABH
raTeAH AOAXeH 6 bITb pa3AHAHblfl. K a K UpaBHAO, TOA- CTOCTeHHbie BKAaAblUIH CHa6 >KaiOTCH peryAHpOBOAHbIMH npoK AaAK aM H , KOTopbie n p n H3Hoee 6a 6 6 HTa M o ryT fibITb B HyJKHOM KOAHAeCTBe CHHTbl C ^nOAHIHIIHHKa, fíA a ro A a p H AeMy coxpaH neTC H HopM aAbHbrñ 3 a 3op M e * -
Ay noAuiHnHHKOM h BaAOM. n p H nepeTHJKKe peKOMeH- AyeTCH p e ryA H p o B a T b K ajK A b ift noA uiH nH H K oTAeAbno, a a h A e ro HeoSxoAHMO ocAaSHTb 3 a T H * K y 6o a t o b yace O TperyA H poB aH H bix n o a h íhithhk o b A aH H oro ABHraTeAH.
FIoCAe 3 3 TH>KKH 6 OATOB BC6X nOAIHHIlHHKOB KOAeHA3TbIH B3 A AOAJKeH CBO'ÓOAHO IIpOBOpaAHBaTbCH OT pyKH .
n p n npasHAbHOM MOHTa5Ke n e p B u e nepeTHACKH noA-
ih h iih h k o b y oTpeMOHTHpoBaHHbix ABHraTeAeñ 3H C -5 HaMH oTMeAeHbi Aepe3 10—15 Tbic. k m n p o fie ra .
ToHKOCTeHHbie BKAaABiuiH n p n H3Hoce 6 a 6 6 HTa Heo6 - XOAHMO 3 3 MeHHTb HOBbIMH HAH OTpeMOHTHpOB3HHbIMH, HH b KoeM cA yA a e He A o n y c K a a noAnHAO BKy TopueB K pbim e K noAiHHnHHKOB, TaK KaK 3TO H a p y m a e T H op- M aA bH yio paÓOTy ABHraTeAH h b A a A bH eñiiieM He n a t T B03MOJKHOCTH npOH3BOAHTb eTO peMOHT.
3a a h iic KOAeHAaToro BaAa n p n nocTaHOBKe peMOHT- H bix BKAaAbiuieñ He AOAJKeii npeBbimaTb 0,05 m m. TIpH H3AHAHH ÓOAblHerO SAAHHCa B3A HeoCXOAHMO npOHIAH- (j)OBaTb. B CAyAae BblXOAa H3 CTpOH OAHOrO H3 BKAa- Abiuieñ, peKOMeHAyeTCH 3aMeHHTb oAHOBpeMeHHO 0 6a.
THe3Aa ncwiHHrraHKOB CAeAyeT o A a m a T b e n rpH3H;
OHH He AOASCHH T 3 KHCe HMCTb 3ayCeKU,eB, yxyAHiaiOIII,HX npHAeraim e BKAaAbiiiieñ h 3aAep>KHBaiouiHx otboa TenAa. BKAaAbim AOAJKeH npHAeraTb k rae3Ay He Me- Hee, AeM Ha 85% ero nAomaAH.
C e p b e 3 Hoe BHHMauHe H eo6 xoAHMO yAeAHTb npaE H A b- HOCTH yCTaHOBKH KpblUieK, AT0 6 bI He AOnyCTHTb CMe- meHHH BKAaAbIHieH. r ip H 33TH>KKe 6o a t o b peKOMeH
AyeTCH n 0 A b3OBaTbCH AHHaMOMeTpHAeCKHMH KAIOAaMH.
K C B E J X E H m O A B T O P O B
PedaKU,uñ npocur aeropos npucbiAaTb crarbu, HanewTüHHbie na MatuuHKe na odnoü cropone Aucra nepe3 dea uHTepsaAa uau rcho nanucaHHbie ot pyKU neprniAaMU.
H epTeW C U U A U 3 C K U 3 U dOAMHbl Ó b lT b BbinOAHeHbl h b t k o, c coÓModeHueM Macuiraóa, u cna6- otcenu nodnucRMu na ordeAbHOM Aucre.
ÍIpu noAb30Banuu yuraraMU neoSxoduMO yKa.3bi6CLTb uctohhuk (aerop, Ha38anue khuzu, crarbu, eod U3daHun).
PyKonucu ne 803epaw.awTCR.
n p o c T b i e H a r j i H ^ H b i e f i o c o ó h h æ j i h a B T o u i K O J i
Mh o k. E . A J 1 E K C A H J J P O B
AeMOHCTpaUHH OnbITOB c n o - MombK) y'ieÔHo-HarjiHüHbix nocoßnö cnocoöcTByeT AyqmeMy ycBoeHHK) ynaiuHMHca aßTOiuKOji pana c jio *;- H hix T e ope raqe cK H X noAOÄeHM H.
B Na 1 JK yp H a jia «AsTOMofinjib» 3a 1950 r . Bu a h otiHcanbi necAOJKHhie yaeÖHbie m ö a b a h, n o M o ra io m n e n o - HHMaHHK) TeOpíiH 3 BTOMOÓHJIH.
B H acT oam e ñ CTaTbe A aeT ca o n n c a - Hue npocTbix npHöopos, noacHaio- mHX ^eñCTBHe HeKOTOpblX 3aKOHOB ajieKTpoTexHHKH h npHHUHn paóoTU ÄH(|i(})epeHUHajia.
3
Phc. 1. CxeMa npnßopa ajih AeMOH- CTpaUHH HBJieHHH CaMOHHayKUHH, B03HHK3I01UMX B K a T y iH K e n p H 3 a-
M blK âH HH H pa3MbIK3HHH U,eriH:
1 H I ~~ KjisMMbi npHflopa: 3—KaTyuiKa;
4, 5, 7, 8 h 13 — BWKjiioMaTeJiH; 6 — conpo- THBjieHHe; 9 t i JO — jiawnbi: 11 — HeoHOBaH jiaMna; 72 pyöHjibHHK; 14—Kon/tencaTop.
MOHCTpapHH noBeaeuHa npoBOAa, n o KOTopoMy hact to k b M a m m -
Hoe nojie:
7 M 2 KJI6MMH npHöopa; 3 — nepeKjiioaa- Tejib; 4 — conpoTHBjieHHG; 5 — MeAHaa neT-
Jia; 6 — nocToaHHbiS MarHHT.
H a pilé. 1 n p e ^ c T a o jie H a cxeMa npnfiopa, no3BOJiaroinero AeMon- CTpHpOBaTb HBJISHHe BO3HHKH0BeHHH 9JXC caMOHH/iyKUHH b icaTyniKe, ee HanpaBJieHHe h Bejiiwim y.
K ax BHAHO H3 c x e M u , a n e K T p H n e -CKaa n,enb npnßopa cocioht h3 no- cjieaoBaTejibHo coeAHHeHHbix na- TyiIlKH 3 C ßOAblUOH HHayKTHB- HOCTbio, jiaMnbi 9 h pyônjibHHKa 12.
riapaajiejibHO KaTyniKe 3 h jiaMne 9 BKjnoHena BTopaa nenb cocToamaa H3 jiaMnbi 10, conpoTHBjieHM 6 n BbiKjnoqaTe^B 5, a napajijiejibHO p y ö H a b H H K y 12 B K ííK w e H u H eoH O Baa JiaMna 11 h, nepe3 BUKAiona-
T e j ib 13, K O H ^ e H c a T o p 14. K a T y n i -
Ka 3, jiaM na 9 h conpoTHBjienHe 6 MOryT ßblTb 33KOpOM6HH (bMKAIO- neHbr) BhiKAKMaTeaaMH 4, 8 a 7.
Uenb, cocToamaa H3 AaMim 10 h COnpOTHBJieHHB 6, MOBCeT ß b lT b O T -
KJiioqeaa BbiKjnoiaiejieM 5, a koh- AeHcaTop 14 BhiKjnoqaTejieM 13.
■HeMOHCTpauHH oiihiTa npoH3Bo- ähtch cae^yrouiüM o6pa30M.
Bh k a k m h b KaTymKy 3 h conpö-THBA6HH6 6, paBHOe aKTHBHOMy CO-
npOTHBJieHHK) KaTyiUKH, BblKAJOMaiOT PyÖHJIbHHK 12. np H 3T0M 33JKH- raioTCH oaHpBpeMeHHO aaM iiu 9 h
10, a HeoHOBaa jiaMna 11 He b c iih X H B 36T , T 3K K 3 K B U e ilH H e B03H H -K a e T 3Z1C c a M O H H A y n u a H . Ecah p yÖ H Jib H H K 12 B K a io a a e T c a n p n B K jn o a e H H b ix K a T y u jK e 3 h c o n p o - THBJieHHH 6, to J ia M n a 9 3 a > K H ra e T - CH n o 3 Ä H e e j i a M n u 10. 9to y K a 3 u - BaeT Ha Hajinqne b nenn ,3 /iC ca M O H H A yK p H H , H a n p a B J ie H H o fi H a- B c T p e a y ooH O B H O M y TO Ky. F lp n b m- KJIIOqeHHH pyÖ H JIb H H K a 12 B03H H - K a e T 3JXC ca M O H H a y a u H H , H a n p a B - J ie H H a a n o n y ™ ochobhoto TOKa, K O T o p a a , OAHaKO, H e B b i3 b iB a e T B c n w u iK H H eo H O B o ñ jiaMnu H HC- KpeH H H -B p yÖ H JIbH H K e, T a K K a K OHa 3 a M b iK a e T c a q e p e 3 j ia M n y 10 h co- npoTHBJieHHe 6.
Ecah BUKjnoqaTejieM 5 pa30MK- HyTb penb, napa^Jieabuyio Kaiym - Ke 3, a 3aTeM BuianoqHTb pyÖHJib- HHK 12, TO nOHBJIfleTCH 3 Ü C caMOHHAyKiiHH HanpH>KeHHeM 200—
250 e, Bbi3UBaiomaH BcnbiuiKy
Heo-HOBOH yiaMnH 11 h HCKpy 3Haqß- TejIbHOH CH/Ibt Ha pyÖHJlbHHKe.
n p H BbiKAioqeHHH jiaM nu 9 Heö- HOBaa AaMna BcnbixasaeT, TaK KaK conpoT H B jieH H e n e n n y.MeHbmaeTcsj.
H pn BKjnoqeHHOM KOHAGHcaTope 14 HCKpa, BO BpeMH paSMblKaHHfl p y - ÖHAbHHKa 12, n04TH nOJIHOCTbK) HC- qe3aeT, a neoHOßaa JiaM na s c n u - XHBaeT flp a e . 3thm citocoCom; AßMOHCTpHpyeTca 3Haqe.HHe KOHaeH- caTopa iura paßoTbi CHCTeMH 3ajKH~
raHHH aBTOMOÖHJIH.
n p n ß o p HMeeT eaeayiomHe saeK- T pnqecK H e n a p a M e ip u , K a T y m K a $
COCTOHT H3 600 BHTKOB npoBOAa 133 ceneHHeM 0,8 m m, haMOTaHHbix hs UI-o6pa3HbiH }Keae3HbiH cepaenHHK
Phc. 3. Oöihhö bha npnöopa aak AeMOHCTpauHH noBeaeHHa npoBOAa,.
no KOTopoMy habt tok b MarHHT- Hoe n o a e.
ceneHHeM 25— 45 m m; conpoTHBJie- HH6 6 paBHO aKTHBHOMy conpoTHB- aeHHio KaTyuiKH; HeoHOBaH aaM- na 11 paccHHraHa « a Hanpa>KeHHfr 200— 250 e ; AaMnu 9 h 10— apex- CBeqeBbie, mecTHBOAbTOBbie; koh- ABHCaTOp 14 eMKOCTbIO AO 1 MK^>
c npoÖHBHbiM HanpałKeHHeM He HHJKe 200 ö. np nß op nmaeTca ot aKKyMyaHTopHoñ fiaTapeii c «a- npałKeHHeM 6 e.
H a pnę. 2 noKa3aHa cxeMa, a «a pnc. 3 oßmHH bha npnßopa aas ABMOHCTpapHH nOBeACHHH n,pOBO- Aa, no KOTopoMy habt tok b
no-JIe nocTOHHHoro MarnuTa (npaBHAO
^ boh pyKH).
n P H 6 o p COCTOHT H3 no CTOHHHOTO M a rH H T a 6, m a p H n p H o n o A B e m e n H o ñ
Me/IHOH neTjiH 5, nepeKAKwaTeAH 3,
nOCTOHHHOPO COIlpOTHBJieHHH 4 H H 3o6pa>K eH H H jia flO H H jie B o ñ p y K H . nojie- npn 9TOM neuia otkaohhtch B HanpaBjieHHH Sojibinoro naAbua
«3o6pa>KeHHH acboh pyKH, KOTopoe npeiisapHTejibHo a o a x h o 6hnb no- PPOBOHHHK OTKAOHHTCH B npOTHBO- nojiow noe HanpaBAeHHe. Py 3aaHero KOAeca peMOHTHpyioT P yT ^M ^CBOpjIOBKH ¡HOBblX 1 2 -t h o t- TopoM HacTOHiHeñ 33MGTKH npeAAO- 5KeH h BHe^peH b aBTo6a3ax onocoi BOCCTaHOBJieHHH yTHJIbHblX CTyHHU.
nyTeM OTpeaKH kohucboh nacTH c H3HOHI€HHbIMH pe3b0OBbIMH OTBGp- cthhmh h HanpeccoBKH KOÁbua, b KOTOPOM CBepjIHTCH HOBblG
OTBGp-H a p « c . 4 H30'6paJKeH n p H fio p , nOHb3yHCb KOTOptJM MOHÍHO 3H3HH- TejibHO oSjierqHTb yciíoeHHe yMauiH-
m h c h npHHHHna paS oTU AHc[)(})6 peH- MOUÍbiO MaHOH HIGC'TepiIH, HaXOAH- m e ñ c a c hgio b 3anen;i6H H H h n p n - BOflHMOH BO BpaiHGHHe pyKOHTKOH.
B c e peñKH nepeMemaioTca b na- Ha yABOeHHoñ BejiHHHHe noAT>eMa cpeAHeñ peHKH.
O nH caH H bie n p n S o p u M o ry T fib iT b H 3rO TOBJieHbI B JIK>6oñ aBTOHIKOJie.
cthh «JiH HinnjiGK KpenjieHHH n o jiy- och. Pa3Mepbi o6pa6oTKH CTynHHbi h peMOHTHoro KOJibaa npHBefleHbj Ha pncyHKe.
npHKAenbiBaexcH k CTynHHe 3aKAen- K3MH, AAH ñero Ha paCCTOHHHH 76 MM ot Topna b CTynHue CBepAHTCH 8 paBHOMepHO pacnooiojKeHHbix no OKpy>KHOCTH OTBepCTHH AH3M. 8,85—
8,90 m m.
B Topue HanpeccoBaHHoro KOAb- u,a CBepAHT no KOHAyKTOpy 12 ot- THpyiOT rHAb30B3HHeM oCbIHHblM no- PHAKOM (CM. pHCyHOK).
CTynHUhi 3aAHero KOAbpa 3HC-5, BOccTaHOBAeHHbie yK33aHHbiM Bbirae cnocofíoM, pa6oTaioT AAHTeAbHoe BpeMH B aBTOXOSHHCTBaX kom5hh3- Ta «PocTOByroAb>.
^ BoccTaHOBAeHHe CTynHu,bi 3aAHero KOAeca:
139*^ J n a M e T p c T y n H i i b i 140,0 — 139.9 m m, B H y T p e H H H f t A H a i u e T p K O J i b u a 139,6 — 3bI 'l2 4 fii ■/\ ir7 BHy TPeHHHft A H a M e T p C T y n H U b i 124,40—124,48 m m; H a p y i K H u i i i A H a M e T p r n j i b -
ib l 124,56 m m; — B H y T p e H H H f t A n a M e x p r H J i b S b i f l o 3 a n p e c c o B K H 116,0—117,0 m m;
pacTOHHTb nocjie 3 a n p e c c o B K H ao AftaMeTpa 119,92—119,96 m m.