1449. Colloidal C arbon. W . H . C ad m a n . Petrol. T im e s, 31.8.40, 50 (1281), 898.— A n a b rid g e d fo rm o f a n e x te n siv e p a p e r b y th e a u th o r p re se n te d before th e R o y a l S ociety o f A rts. I t deals w ith m a n y a sp e cts o f colloidal c a rb o n p ro d u c tio n , p ro p e rties, an d u ses. N a tu r a l g as is th e ra w m a te ria l w hich is b y fa r th e m o s t ex te n siv ely u se d in th o p ro d u c tio n o f colloidal c arb o n . O th e r ra w m a te ria ls in clu d e w a ste refin ery gases
a n d v a rio u s coal p ro d u c ts . R . B . S.
1450. L iquid M ethane as a M otor F u el. 1. Supplies an d P ro p erties. R . M. B rid g w a te r. Petroleum , A ug. 1946, 8 (9), 194.— T h e p ossibility o f using m e th a n e a s a m o to r fuel is o f in te re s t t o th e p e tro leu m in d u s try fo r tw o reaso n s. F irs tly , i t affords a m ea n s o f w hich B rita in c an m ak e u se o f a n efficient s u b s titu te fo r im p o rte d fuel.
Secondly, in c o u n trie s a m p ly e n d o w ed w ith p e tro le u m th e re is u su a lly a larg e q u a n tity
ABSTRACTS.
a re re sp ec tiv e ly th e h ig h est-p o w ered a n d sm a lle st a irscrew tu rb in e s so f a r a n n o u n ce d . D e v elo p m en t o f th e M a m b a is n o t so fa r a d v a n c e d . T h e gos-fiow is s tra ig h te n e d b y c lu sterin g th e c o m b u s tio n c h a m b e rs b e tw e e n t h e axial-flow c o m p resso r a n d t h e tu rb in e in ste a d o f p a c k in g th e m ro u n d th e com pressor casing, as on th e P y th o n . T o ta l w eig h t w ith airscrew is a b o u t 1000 lb , a n d d ia m e te r o v e r cow ling, 27 in .
T ho A .S .X . is b ein g u se d in th e d e v e lo p m en t o f a s t a r te r fo r th e P y th o n . T h e s ta r te r w o rk s on co m p ressed a ir o r a slo w -b u rn in g c a rtrid g e . T h e in te n tio n is to u se i t in c o n ju n c tio n w ith a m obilo g ro u n d com pressor, b u t to c a rry c a rtrid g e s fo r “ u n sch ed u led ” s ta rtin g . T h e A .S .X . ru n s u p to 1500 r.p .m . in 30 sec u sin g a n air-
p ressu re o f 100-140 lb /s q . in. I . G . B .
1456. F iltra tio n fo r Oil E n g in es. C. G. V okes. Gas Oil P ie r, 1946, 41, 347-350.— T ho effect o f d u s t p a rtic le s o f g iv en size o n p isto n w e a r is doscribed. F o r a ir filtra tio n th e viscous filter, th e o il-b a th filter, a n d th e c en trifu g a l clean er a re all discu ssed , a n d th e ir a d v a n ta g e s a n d d is a d v a n ta g e s a re co m p a re d . A n ew ty p e o f air-filto r u tilize s th o b la s t fro m th e e x h a u s t to c re a to a n in je c to r effect fo r th e a ir-s tre a m , fro m w hich a lay e r o f c lean a ir c a n b e d ra w n off.
T ho th re e p rin c ip a l m eth o d s o f oil filtra tio n — full flow, byoposs, a n d p erio d ic re m o v a l o f oil fo r e x te rn a l filtra tio n — a re an aly ze d , a n d fa u lts com m o n ly e n co u n tere d in p ra c tic e a re p o in te d o u t. T hroe sto g e s in th e filtra tio n o f fuels a re describ ed .
A lis t o f d e sirab le c h a ra c te ris tic s o f a ir a n d oil filte rs is g iv en . H . C. E . 1457. C om bustion in a P re com bustion-T ype D iesel E n g in e. H . F . B ry a n . J . Soc.
aut. E n g rs, 1946, 54 (9), 4 4 9-457.— D iesel-engino c o m b u s tio n h a s b e e n s tu d ie d u sin g a hig h -sp eed c am era to p h o to g ra p h s p ra y form , s p ra y p e n e tra tio n , a n d co m b u stio n in a p re ssu re c h a m b e r in w hich engine co n d itio n s could bo sim u la te d a n d in a single- c y lin d er engino w ith a w indow s e t in th e p re c o m b u stio n c h am b er. A p p a ra tu s a n d re su lts a ch iev ed a re d iscussed. P re s e n t in d ic a tio n s aro t h a t fo r b e s t diesel p e rfo rm a n ce th e m a x im u m r a te o f b u rn in g o f fu e l sh o u ld o c cu r in th e la s t h a lf o f th e co m b u stio n p erio d , a n d t h a t th e p o sitio n o f to p c e n tre in re la tio n to m a x im u m r a te o f b u rn in g is
o f p rim e im p o rta n ce . G. P . K .
1458. T heseus I . A non. F light, 10.10.46, 50 (1972), 386.— F u r th e r d e ta ils o f th e B risto l tu rb in e -a irsc re w u n it a re given.
T h e co m p resso r com prises n in o sta g e s o f a x ia l b la d in g a n d a fin al c e n trifu g a l im p ello r g iv in g a n o v erall co m p ressio n ra tio o f 5 ; 1 a t 300 m .p .h . a t 20,000 f t. A t fu ll th r o ttlo th e co m p resso r ru n s a t 8200 r.p .m . a n d d eliv ers 30 lb /s e c o f a ir a t sea- lev el s ta tic c o n d itio n s— e q u iv a le n t p o w e r in p u t is 3500 h .p . T h e h e at-e x c h a n g e r is a m a tr ix ty p e u n it th e tu b e s o f w hich a re a rra n g e d in 16 se ts, e ig h t in le t a n d e ig h t o u tle t s e p a ra te d b y s u ita b le h ead e rs. T o m itig a te d iffere n tia l e x p an sio n th o e x ch a n g e r is s itu a te d o n th o m a in engine m o u n tin g s tr u c tu r e a n d lo ca te d a t th e fo rw a rd en d . T ho first tu rb in e (tw o -stag e) pow ers th e c o m p resso r a n d a u x iliaries, a n d th e single- sta g e seco n d tu rb in e d riv es th o airscrew . T h e l a t t e r ru n s a t 9000 r.p .m . A s th o speeds o f th e tw o tu rb in e s m u s t b e k e p t in n e a rly c o n s ta n t r a tio , a g o v e rn o r m ec h an ism is in c o rp o ra te d w h ereb y th e a irscrew b la d e p itc h is a u to m a tic a lly c o n tro lled . T h e re d u c tio n g e a r in c o rp o ra te s fo u r s e ts o f co m p o u n d p la n e t w heels a n d th e r a tio is
8-4 : 1. I . G. B .
1459. R eliability of Gas T urbines. A non. F lig h t, 17.10.46, 50 (1793), 426.— R o lls R o y ce give d e ta ils o f p e rfo rm a n c e te s tin g o f a Series I D e rw e n t engine. O rig in ally asso m b led in J u n e 1944, i t h a s r u n a to ta l o f 1005 h o u rs, 920 h o u rs o f th is b ein g a t full ty p e t e s t c o n d itio n s. A fte r 500 h o u rs re p la ce m en ts n e ed e d w ere a s e t o f flam e tu b e s , one air-casin g , som e tu rb in e b lad es, a n d a fu el-p u m p . M ajo r c o m p o n e n ts still in use a re th o w hoel-ease w ith accessory d riv es, th e co m p resso r im p ello r a n d s h a f t s ; th o co m p resso r casing, diffuser, a n d co m b u stio n ch am b ers.
I n R .A .F . service th e ru n n in g p e rio d o f 180 h o u rs h a s re c e n tly b e en in cre a sed to 270 h o u rs. P re s e n t p ra c tic e is to in crease th e o v e rh au l p e rio d in sta g e s o f 90 h o u rs a n d a f u r th e r ex te n sio n o f 90 h o u rs is e x p e c te d to b e g ra n te d fo r th e D e rw e n t I .
I . G. B .
1460. H ydraulic P o w er a G row ing A venue fo r P e tro leu m . C. R id le y . P etrol. T im e s, 31.8.46, 50 (1281), 920.— T h e use o f h y d ro c a rb o n fluids in h y d ra u lic c o n tro ls a n d tran sm issio n s, h y d ra u lic lifts, fluid flyw heels, a n d to rq u e c o n v erters, h y d ra u lic springing, a n d as h y d ra u lic fluids fo r o th e r p u rp o ses, is discussed. T h e a d v a n ta g e s o f th e s e d riv es o v e r m ech an ical u n its , especially in re d u cin g th e c o m p le x ity o f design,
aro also o u tlin e d . R . B . S.
Mi s c e l l a n e o u s.
1461. L iquid M ethane as a M otor F u el 2. C arriage of M eth an e. R . M. B rid g w a te r.
Petroleum , S e p t. 1946, 9 (9), 216.— T h e b e s t w a y o f c a rry in g gaseous m e th a n e is co m p ressed in c y lin d ers. D a ta aro g iv en fo r th e w e ig h t o f eq u ip m o n t a n d th o possible m ileago in th e case o f a 5 -to n lo rry o p e ra tin g on v a rio u s a lte rn a tiv e fuels. I t is seen t h a t liq u id m e th a n e com es n e x t to p e tro l as re g a rd s g en eral p e rfo rm a n ce . I t s d is a d v a n ta g e is t h a t i t so re a d ily e v a p o ra te s, n e c e ssita tin g c arefu l d esign o f e q u ip m o n t.
V ario u s w ay s o f d e liv erin g liq u id m e th a n e to th o e ngine a re also discussed.
K . C. G. K . 1462. W orld R efinery C onstruction E n te rs New Stage of E x p an sio n . A non. W orld P etrol., 1946, 17 (8), 78-81.— T h e e x p ected p o st-w a r decline in refining a n d p ro d u c tio n e q u ip m e n t h a s b e en m u ch less sev ere t h a n w as a n tic ip a te d . T h is fa c t, to g e th e r w ith th o im p ro v iz a tio n offocted a s a w a r-tim e m ea su re , h a s le d to m a n y n ew in sta llatio n s.
T ho m a jo r p ro je c ts o f th e w o rld a re rev iew ed , to g e th e r w ith th o m ea su re s to re co n s tr u c t th o se p la n ts w hich h a v e su ffered th ro u g h w a r, especially in th e F o r E a s t a n d
E u ro p e. F . S. A.
1463. R eco n stru ctio n of th e E a s t In d ies. A n o n . lit« . I ta l. P etrol., 1946, 14 (160), 14.— A su m m a ry o f th e p re s e n t p o sitio n o f th e p e tro le u m in d u s tr y in th o E a s t In d ies.
D . H . M cL.
1464. G erm an P ro d u c tio n a n d R efining in th e B ritish Z one. A non. Petrol. T im es, 31.8.46, 50 (1281), 912.— S ta tis tic a l d a ta aro p re s e n te d o n th e p ro d u c tio n o f n o rth G e rm an oilfields fo r th o la s t six m o n th s o f 1945 a n d th e first six m o n th s o f 1946. T h e m o n th ly o u tp u t o f refineries a n d p ro d u c ts fo r th e sam e p e rio d a re also ta b u la te d .
R . B . S.
1465. A B ritish R efinery in W ar-tim e . A non. W orld P etrol., 1 9 4 6 ,1 7 (8), 71-73.— A n ac c o u n t is g iv en o f th e w a r-tim e a c tiv itie s o f M a n ch ester O il R efineries, L td . T h e
p a p e r in clu d es a lis t o f th e ir p ro d u c ts . F . S. A.
1466. B ritish R efining A d justed to P eace-T im e D em ands. A. H . D a y . W orld P etrol., 1946, 17 (9), 4 1 -4 3 .— I n o rd e r to econom ize o n s h ip p in g sp a c e a n d la b o u r, im p o rt o f cru d e fell b y 7 5 % d u rin g 1938-43, b u t to ta l p e tro le u m im p o rts in creased b y 2 5 % d u e to im p o rt o f refin ed p ro d u c ts . S om e d e ta ils a re g iv en o f th e ch an g es m a d e to effect re d u c tio n in hom e refining. B rie f a rg u m e n t is a d v a n c e d c o n cern in g th e re la tiv e m erits o f c o n tin u in g th is p o lic y o r o f e x p a n d in g d o m estic re fin e ry a ctiv itie s. I t is s ta te d t h a t B rita in is re v e rtin g to p re -w ar in d u s tria l p ro d u c tio n a n d t h a t h e r oil re q u ire m e n ts a re th o sam e as p re v io u sly , e x c e p t t h a t t h e G o v e rn m en t is th e sole p u rc h a se r.
F . S. A.
1467. U nited K ingdom P e tro le u m Im p o rts in J u ly a n d th e Seven M onths. A non.
Petrol. T im es, 31.8.46, 50 (1281), 923.—S ta tis tic a l d a ta o n im p o rts a n d e x p o rts (including oil fuel b u n k e rin g o f sh ipping) o f c ru d e oil a n d refined, p ro d u c ts fo r J u l y a n d th e first sev en m o n th s o f 1946 aro p re se n te d , to g e th e r w ith c o m p a ra tiv e figures
for 1945 a n d 1938. R . B . S.
1468. U .K . Im p o rt T rad e of Solid P e tro leu m P ro d u cts in W a r-tim e . A n o n . Petrol.
T im e s, 14.9.46, 50 (1282), 952.— T h e w a r-tim e decline in th e im p o rts o f solid p e tro le u m
p ro d u c ts in to th e U .K . is illu s tra te d b y s ta tis tic a l d a ta o n th e s e im p o rts, b o th b y im p o rte d p ro d u c ts a n d b y c o u n tries o f c o n sig n m e n t, fo r th o y o a rs 1938-1945 in clu siv e.
R . B . S.
1469. H u n g a ria n Oil. M. F ro u n d . P etroleum , 1946, 9 (9), 204.— A su rv e y o f oil p ro d u c tio n a n d refin in g in H u n g a ry . T a b le s in d ic a te c ru d e oil a n d n a tu r a l g a s p r o d u c tio n fo r th e y e a rs 1937-1945 a n d also show th e cap a citie s o f H u n g a ria n refineries (before w a r d am ag e) a n d a n a ly tic a l d a ta fo r H u n g a ria n cru d es. I£. C. G. K . 1470. D ictio n ary of Ita lia n T echnical T erm s re la tin g to th e P e tro le u m In d u s try . A non. R iv . I ta l. P etrol., 1946, 14 (160), 18.— C o n tin u e d fro m th o J u n e 1946 issue o f th is jo u rn a l, th o d ic tio n a ry gives E n g lish , F re n c h , a n d G e rm an e q u iv a le n ts o f tec h n ica l te rm s re la tin g to potro lo u m tech n o lo g y . D . H . M cL.
1471. P alestin e P e tro le u m Im p o rts an d E x p o rts in 1945. A n o n . P etrol. T im e s, 31.8.46, 50 (1281), 914.— S ta tis tic a l d a ta a re p re s e n te d o n th o im p o rts a n d e x p o rts o f c ru d e oil a n d refin ed p ro d u c ts fo r 1945 w ith c o m p a ra tiv e figuros fo r 1944, 1943,
a n d 1938. R . B . S.
1472. D eficiency of Com bustible L iquids in R o u m an ia . A non. R iv . I ta l. P etrol., 1946, 14 (160), 13.— R o u m a n ia is suffering fro m a g ra v e deficiency o f h e a v y oils for in te rn a l in d u s try . T h e g o v e rn m e n t h a s a u th o riz e d t h e sale o f a m ix tu re o f 6 0 % korosino, 10% g a s oil a n d 3 0 % re sid u al a s p h a lts , w h ilst th o m a n u fa c tu re o f a sp h a lts h a s b e en p ro h ib ite d to e n co u ra g e th e p ro d u c tio n o f th is m ix tu re . T h e a c tu a l d e ficiency, w hich a m o u n ts to a t le a s t 30,000 m e tric to n s p e r m o n th , is th e re s u lt o f
re p a ra tio n s a n d sales to U .S .S .R . D . H . M cL.
E R R A T U M .
A b s tra c t N o. 1020. T ho m a x im u m fluid p re ssu re o f th e slu sh -p u m p re fe rre d to sh o u ld re a d 2000 lb /s q . in.
B O O K S R E C E IV E D .
Gas T urbines an d J e t P rop u lsio n fo r A ircraft. G. G eoffrey S m ith . L o n d o n : F lig h t, 1946. 4 th E d n . P p . 246. 12s. 6d.
F ir s t p u b lish ed in 1942, th o fo u rth e d itio n h a s b e e n b ro u g h t u p -to -d a te b y th o inclusion o f a d d itio n a l m a tte r a n d c o m m e n t o n v a rio u s p h a se s o f m o d e m gas tu rb in e p ra ctic e .
H e at E n g in e C alculations. A . E . T a lb o t. L o n d o n : S ir I s a a c P itm a n & Sons L td ., 1945. P p . 89 + vi. 3s. 6d.
B asod on th e a u th o r ’s e x p erien ce in to ac h in g th e p rin cip les in v o lv e d a n d th e c alcu latio n s n e ce ssa ry fo r th o se e n g ag e d in th o ru n n in g a n d m a in te n a n c e o f diesel, p e tro l, s te a m a n d m a rin e engines, th is bo o k sh o u ld bo p a rtic u la rly h elp fu l to s tu d e n ts . O ur Oil R esources. E d ite d b y L e o n a rd M. F a n n in g . N e w Y o r k : M cG raw -H ill
B o o k Co., 1945. P p . 331 + viii. $4.
E ig h te e n a u th o ritie s a n d oil c o m p a n y e x ec u tiv e s h a v e c o n trib u te d to th is sy m p o siu m on th e d e v elo p m en t o f U .S . o il reso u rces. Q u e stio n s o f c o n se rv a tio n , tech n o lo g y , reserv es, a n d c a p ita l e m p lo y ed a re discussed.
P etro leu m P ro d u ctio n . Vol. I. M echanics of P ro d u c tio n : Oil, C ondensate, N a tu ral Gas. P a r k J . J o n e s. N ew Y o r k : R e in h o ld P u b lish in g C o rp n ., 1946. P p . 228 v ii. $4.50.
T ho p u rp o se o f th is v o lu m e is to s e t o u t fo r c o n sid era tio n a s y s te m o f m ech an ics o f p ro d u c in g oil a n d co n d en sa te p rio r to th e b re a k th ro u g h o f d isp lac in g fluids in to p ro d u c in g wells.
P hysical C onstants of H y drocarbons. Vol. H I. M ononuclear A ro m atic H y d ro c arb o n s. G u s ta v Egloff. N ew Y o r k : R e in h a rd P u b lish in g C o rp n ., 1946.
P p . 661 + x iii. $15.
T h is v o lu m e follow s th e sty le o f th o p re v io u s tw o volu m es in th e series a n d is a c o llatio n o f all m o ltin g p o in t, b oiling p o in t, d e n sity , a n d re fra c tiv e in d e x d a ta
• av ailab le befo re M ay, 1944, fo r th e m o n o n u cle a r a ro m a tic h y d ro c a rb o n s fo u n d in th e w o rld ’s resources.
T he W ild C atters. S am u el W . T a it, J r . P rin c eto w n , N e w J e rs e y : U n iv e rs ity P re ss, 1945. P p . 218 + x v i. §3.
A n in fo rm al h is to ry o f th e p io n ee rs o f th o o il in d u s try , in clu d in g a n a c c o u n t o f e arly d rillin g in O n ta rio , th o s to ry o f S a lt C reek a n d a c h a p te r o n life in th e b oom oil tow ns.
O N eftenosnosti K izelovskogo R a io n a (P etro leu m O ccurrence in th e K izel D istrict).
N . A . G odroitz a n d P . A. S o fro n itzk ii. M oscow -L eningrad, 1941. P p . 40.
P ric e 75 kopeks.
S h o rt su m m a ry o f p re v io u s w o r k ; significance o f th e K iz el region fro m th e p e tro le u m s ta n d p o in t; s tr a tig r a p h y a n d g en eral geology o f th e a r e a ; oil-show s a n d b itu m e n d e p o sits ; re s u lts o f chem ical a n d geological in v estig a tio n s.
G eologicheskoe Stroenie i N eftenosnost’ P o lu o stro v a M an g u ish lak (The G eological S tru c tu re of a n d P e tro le u m O ccurrence in th e M an g u ish lak P en in su la). S. N . A lekseichik. M oscow -L eningrad, 1941. P p . 96. P ric e 2 ru b le s 50 kop ek s.
G eo m o rp h o lo g y ; s tr a tig r a p h y ; te c to n ic s ; signs in d ic a tin g p e tro le u m ; o th e r u seful m inerals.
Issledovaniya po K h im ii P riro d n u ik h A sfal’tov (Investigations o n th e C hem istry of N a tu ral A sphalts). V. A . U sp en sk ii a n d A . I . G o rsk ay a. M oscow -L eningrad, 1941. P p . 72. P ric e 2 ru b le s 25 kop ek s.
T h is p u b lic a tio n is d iv id e d in to tw o p a r ts , th o first d eals w ith t h e e x p e rim e n ta l chem ical e x a m in a tio n o f solid b itu m e n s fro m th e p re -U ra l region, w h ilst th o second is d e v o te d to a d iscussion o f th e acidic c o m p o n e n ts o f solid b itu m e n s.
F a u n a T retich n u ik h O tlozhenii Y ugo-vostochnoi C hasti Sovetskogo S a k h a lin a (F a u n a of th e T ertiary D eposits of th e S o u th -e aste rn P a r t of Soviet S ak h alin ). A. A.
S im o n o v a. M oscow -L eningrad, 1941. P p . 80 + 25 p la te s . P rico 4 ru b les.
S tr a tig r a p h y ; p a la e o n to lo g y ; d e sc rip tio n o f fa u n a b elo n g in g to th o P e lec y p o d a, S c a p h o p o d a, G a stro p o d a. A b rio f E n g lish s u m m a ry is a p p en d e d .
V erkhnii P aleozoi B a sh k irsk o i A .S.S.R. (The U pper Palaeo zo ic of th e B a sh k ir A u to n o m o u s Soviet Socialist R epublic). D . L. S te p an o v . M oscow -Loningrad, 1941.
P p . 100 + 2 p la te s . P ric e 3 ru b les 50 kopeks.
S tr a tig r a p h y ,- m a in fe a tu re s o f th e geological h is to ry o f B a sh k iria in th o u p p e r p a la e o z o ic ; th e f o rm a tio n o f lim esto n e m assiv es o f t h e Ish im b a e v t y p e ; p e tro leu m d e p o sits in th e u p p e r palaeozoic s t r a ta o f B a sh k iria .
T h e ab o v o fivo p u b lic a tio n s aro N os. 15, 16, 17, 18 a n d 20 re sp ec tiv e ly in a new series issu e d b y th e P e tro le u m G eo lo g ic al-In v e stig a tio n a l I n s titu te .
Geologicheskoe Stroenie Severo-zapadnoi C hasti Z ap ad n o -sib irsk o i N izm ennosti i ee N eftenosnost’. (The G eological S tru c tu re of th e N o rth -w e stern P a r t of th e W estern Siberian D epression an d P e tro le u m O ccurrence th erein ). V. G. V a sil’ev. Moscow- L o n in g ra d , 1946. P p . 152. P ric e 10 ru b les.
C a rto g ra p h ic s o u rc e s ; h is to ry o f e x p lo ra tio n s ; geology o f th e re g io n ; p e tro leu m d ep o sits.
P ro b lem a N eftenosnosti D onetzkogo B asseina (The P roblem of P e tro le u m O ccurrence in th e D onetz B asin). V. V . V eber. M oscow -L eningrad, 1945. P p . 88. P rice 6 rubles.
T h e reg io n in q u e stio n is th e n o rth e rn b o rd e r o f th o D o n b a sin . P r o f ile ; te c to n ic s ; o il-sh o w s; o il-b earin g p ro b lem s o f th e zone.
N aucknuie O snovui P oiskov Nefti (The Scientific P rinciples of th e S earch fo r P etro leu m ).
K . P . K a litz k ii. M oscow -L eningrad, 1944. P p . 244. P rico 35 ru b les.
Signs in d ic a tin g large-scale oil d e p o s its ; oil m ig r a tio n ; fo rm atio n o f oil d e p o s its ; th o o rig in o f p e tr o le u m ; d e te rm in a tio n o f oil-boaring geological s tru c tu re s .
A ll th e p u b lic a tio n s d e scrib ed a b o v e a re p u b lis h e d b y th e S ta te p u b lish in g o rg a n iz a tio n d e alin g w ith lite ra tu re on p e tro le u m a n d m in e d fuels.
V . B .