b
nEPEnnci 1926
p o k y.
IlepeflO BciM Tpe6a saanauHTH, u jo 4 0 y b o ro Macy aHi craTHCTHuna T eo pijj, a n i npaKTHKa He 3flo6yAHCb Ha BHHepnyroui mctoah <|)iKcaijii hbhuj HauioHaAbHoro nopu/p-cy. Bpai-cye HayKOBoi /jecpim nii ochobhofo u o h h t th — Hau i i mh HauioHaAbHocTH, a 6ea Hel, poayMieTbca, cTa- thcthmhhh floCAifl y nap urn u a u io A b o rii TpaTHTb cbiu x p e6eT Ta 3 ro - a o b h h x 03HaK cxoflHTb na flp y ro p a flH i, BHnaflKOBi, a to Ih 30bcim uyasi T a HeBAacTHBi flaHOMy uBHiuy. H o B iu ii couioA boiH Maftałe osHOCTauuo CTBepfljKyioTb, u jo Hani« 6 MO/Kc HaiHÓiAbiu peaAbHoio cpopMOio cy- TacHoro cycniAbCTBa, KOHupeTHiiuoio aa u a t y p a a b h i m o k> Bi# aepJKaBH t k k a h c h, aAe npu cnpo6i A-ecpimuji ijb o ro uRHina oÓMeaiyioTbCH aa- 3HaueHHHM Toro, u jo noHHTTH H a ijii HaA3BuMa'HHO CKAa/jHe, 6 0 b Hboro, MOBAHB, BXOflHTb 683AUI HHHHHKiB o6eKTHBHOrO Ta Cy6eKTHBHOrO xa- pauTepy. U ju 6e3CHAOCTH HayuH He Tpe6a AHByBarHCb, 6 0 HayuoBa Aeq>iHiijjiii HiKOAH He npHxoflnTb a p r i o r i . K piM T oro TpeSa M ara Ha yBa3i, u jo HajjiH-HBHiije icTopuuHe i, hk Taue, 3MiHioeTbCH b npo~
CTopi f i naci. Koahjk Bi3bMeM0 n ifl yB ary o p ia m m y 3BH3aHicTb iji- A oro cycniA bH oro jkhtth, KOTpe He a o3Boahs i3OAb0BaH0 po3rAHflaTH a n i oflH oro cBoro acneKTy, to H aflii na cuopy noHBy BHuepnyioMoi j \ & -
•jH H iijii noHHTTH H a ijii, Ma6yTb, MycuMO BBaaia™ 6e3ni#CTaBHHMH. /!,a h
CTaTHCTHKH He 3aAHUia6TbCH HUIOrO IHUIOrO, HK 36ipaTH BiflHOBiflHi Ma- TepiHAH 3a piaiHHMH 03H3KaMH Harnoro HBHUja Ta aHaAi3yBa™ ix CTaTHCTHHHOKJ iHAyKTUBHOKj MCTO/JOIO. Taici oGeKTHRHi 03HaKH cyCniAb- CTBa, hk nAeMiHHe noxOA»;eHHH, MOBa, piBeHb o c b it h, a6o c y6eKTHBHi, Tau 3BaHi HaijioHaAbHi ifle i, noAiTuuHi ifleaAH, 6e3yMOBHO b Tift hh iH uiig M ipi, nocepeflHbo mh 6e3nocepeflHbo, BxoflHTb CKAa/jOBHMu cpaK- TopaMH B cycniAbHe, a, 3HaHHTb, i B HaijioHaAbHe 31HTTH, OTJKe u i
°3HaKH MOUiyTb 6yTH OCHOBOK) CTaTHCTHMHOrO flOCAifly. TlAbKH B ca- MOMy npOLjeci aHaAi3H BHHBHTbCH, u u i 03HBKH i B flK ift M ipi Ta B3a- eMO3aAeasH0CTH ^iio T b y HaijioHaAbHOMy aiuTTi; Auuie Ha u iu ni/j,CTaBi Mo * H a 6yfle HaMiTuTH KOHKpeTHuu 3MicT oshbk Ta 6aaiaHi KOM6iH au ii
l x y CTaTHCTHMHHX AOCAiflax.
n e p e x o / j H H H a o p o 3 r A H A y C T a T H C T H u !H H x / ( 3h h x n e p e n H c y H a c e A e H f iu Y K p a i H H 1 9 2 6 p . , m h H a n e p e f l B iflK H # ą e M O T e o p c t hm h h h K p u T e p i u t o im h iH - m ° i 0 3 H a K H i 6 y /je M O o i jiH io B a T H i x n a n iflC T a B i t h x M a T e p iu A iB , n u i b o h h n p H H e C A H . F I O p i B H JIU MO C K A 3 A H a c e A e H H H y K p a iH H 3 a H a ijio H a A b H iC T K ) T a 3 a M O BOK). ( / IhB. T a Ó A H IJ H 1 . ) .
’)Ahb. CtaTHCT. mopiHHHK„YiipaiHa“ 331928p., CT. 24, 33.
— 87
PiHíHHIji MÍíK KOAbOHKaMH
CKAafly AIOflHOCTH 3a HagÍOHaAbHÍCTK>
Ta 3a piflHOK) MOBOK) y B c ix HanioHBAbHOCTSH 3a BHHHTKOM F IoAHKÍB
3Han!HO
6 ÍA b in i b M icT ax, hÍík n o oeA ax.Y
b c íx H a n iñ p ia m n n i b ía s m h í, ceÖTO 03HaHaioTb BTpaTy p iflH o 'i m o b h, i t ía b k h y Po cíhh h hpiíKHBUK Mae flOflaTHHÜ 3HaK. BuXOflMTfa 3 HHX CyMapHHX TaÖAHHb, m o Bei HaniOHaAbHOCTH KpÍM PocÍHH HaCTHHHO BTpaTHAH C B O K ) p iflH y MOBy Ta HaßyBaiOTb MOBy pociíHCbKy. 3 qoo6a h b o k> ÍHTeHCHBHÍCTK> n e ñ n e - pexip; n a p o c iß c b K y MOBy noaHanaeTbCH b M icTax. T a K 3 4 7 4 Y x p a iH ijiB y M ic x a x ajK 112, ce&TO 2 3 ,6 % , n e p e fiu iA o Ha MOBy p o c in c b ic y , 3 2 2 8 HvHfliB Ha T y * MOBy n e p s x o flH T b 6 7 , cc6to 2 9 % .
Ha
cc aí u e ñ b í/t -COTOK flAH Y x p a iH n iB flOXOflHTb AHUI6 ĄO 2 % , a flAH 7Kh/J,¡B T¡AbKH T o 0 .5 3 % . y ríoA H K ÍB Ta BÍAopycHH ÍB yT paTa p i a h o i m o b h npocTO Ka~TacTpotpaAbHa : 4 0 .2 % a a h n e p m n x i 8 1 .4 % a a h A p y ru x y M icTax Ta 5 6 .9 % i 7 5 % h a c c a í. He'HMOBipHicTb T a x o ï acH M iAH niï npocTO
6e y b íh í. Ko a h h HaBiTb n p H n yc t h t h T&opeTHHHO, i« o MOBa i Ha- IjioH aA bH icT b H6 HOKpHBaiôTbCH, TO BCCai pifKHHIJH, BHBCAeHa B TaÔAHI^i, 3a BeAHKa i MH 3MymeHÎ k p h t h h h o nocTaBHTHCb Ta AOKAaflHiiue n p o - aHaA¡3yBaTH CTaTHCTHHHi fla H Î o 6 o X pH fliß.
PiíKHHIIH MOrAa nOBCTa'TH 3 BHHH 0 6 0X 03HaK. M o i’AH p03p0CTHCb HHCAa n e p m o ro pna y, 3Í6paH oro n o oaHaiii HaiyonaAbnocTH, motah SMeHuiHTHCb i
'
ihcab pH/j,y A p y ro ro—
no p i/I, Hi H
MQBÍ. I l OH HOMO 3 Ha^oHaAbHOÏ 03HaKH nepenHcy. Mh e niflCTaBH npnnycKaTH nepe-6ÍAbnieHHH HHCAa AeKAHpayïH y Tpacpi HayioHaAbHOcTH, 3a hhh p a x y - HOK i Ha HHK> KOpHCTb gCH npoIICC BIAÖyBaBCH?
IîHCTpyK^H n e p e n H cy 1 ) noHCHioe, m o n yh k t 4 -h h o co ô h cto ï KapTKH (H auioH aA bH icTb) «Mae BH3HaHHTH eT H oipaipi'iH H H CKAa/; naceAeHHH.
Pi-
maTH nnTaHHH n p o T e , a o h k o ï H a ijiï npH AÎAioe c e 6 e 3anHTaHHH, Ha- AejKHTb caMOMy 3anHTaHOMy.
B
t h x BHiiaAKax, k o a h 3anHTaHHH He pimaeTbCH BÍAnoB¡AaTH, n e p e B a ra AaeTbcn HaijioHaAbHocTH MaTepn».« 3 o rA H fly n a Te, m o c ïih c a k>a,h o c t h Mae yCTanoBHTH eTHor'pacpiHHHH CKAa/J, HaCCACHHH, TO y BÍflnOBÍAHX Ha 4 -Te HHTaHHH He BÍAbHO 3a-cTynaTH peAÍriero, niflflaHCTBOM, rp o m a ahhctb o m, hh cpaKTOM nepe- SyBaHHH Ha TepHTopiï HKOÏ-ôyflb pecnyÔAHKH. BiA noBiflb Ha nnTaHHH npo HaijioHaAbHicTb MOHÍ0 n e nOKpHBaTHCb
3
BÍ/l,nOBÍAIO HannTaHHH
5-Te npo p iflH y MOBy. Ąa h ycTaAeHHH aanncy t h x o c i6 , m o MoaîyTb ce6e Ha3BaTH «pyccKHMH», HeoôxiflHO to h h o BH3HanHTH, AO ko to BAa- CHe — AO Po c íh h, a o YKpaÏHu^ÎB, hh BiAopycHHÎB b íh ce6e 3apaxoBye.
«BeAHKOpoc» yBaaiaeTbCH 3a t o t o am e 3 «pyccKHM» i b o co ô h cth x
KapTi<ax 3aHOTOByeTbCH «pyccKHH». H o 3aK¡HHeHHio nepenncy niAnac nepeBipKH MaTepinAy 3a6opoHHAHCb ycHKi nonpaBKH hh AonoBHeHHH 3anncy b o co ô h cth x KapTKax npo HaijioHaAbHicTb ( i npo p¡AHy MOBy), KpiM HacTynHHx BHnaAKiB (y MicbKHX ceAH ujax): Ha BHnaAOK ô pa sy
! ) B c e c o K 3 3 H a a n e p e n n c b H a c e /ie H H s i 1 9 2 6 r o f l a . T . X I ! . , c r . 4 6 8 .
B o c o6h c t í h K a p T ir i B Íf ln o B Íf li n p o H a g io H a A b H íC T b f l r r e ñ , K O T p n x Ö a T b K H H a A C H ía T b flO O flH O l H a [I io H a A b HO C T H , IIO T p iG lfO i 4 Í T 8 H B Í f l - H e c T H flO u ,e £ -a t H a g io H a A b H O C T H . Ko a h 6a T b K H p ia s H H X H a g io H a A b H o c T e tH , t o n p o n y c K s a c x y n a e T b c a H a g io H a A b H Í c T io M a T e p n » .
Mh y ß a a s a e M O , i n o n p H flO fle p a s a H H i 1 ) b c íx n p r n iH C ÍB ¡ H C T p y u g ii H a n io H a A b H e c a M O B m m a u e H H H M o r A o B Ífl6 y T H C b 3 bhc ta p ha 10 n o k> B ÍA b - h íc t k) T a t o h h íc t k). 51k G a m iiv io , ¡H C T p y K ijia n e p e n H c y iio h h t t h H a u i o - H a A b H O C T H x p a K T y B a A a fly żK e n e n c H O , B a r a iO H H C b m íh í T p a K T O B K O io 6t h o-
I p a c p in H O K ) i c y ö e K T H B H o -fle K A H p a T H B H O K ). M o íK H a n p m i y c K a T H , m o H a n p a K T H n i, n p n n e p e B O flX v e H H Í n e p e n H c y , n e p e M o r A O c y 6 e K T H B H O - f le - K A H p a T H B H e T p a K T y B a H H H . Kożksh n o c h a í cboto p o 3 y M ÍH H H B K A a a a e B n O H H T T H H a u io H a A b H O Ï JTpH H aA eźfiH O C TH CB¡H ÍH flH B Íf ly a A b H H H 3 M ÍC T , a K r je H T y io H H to h c a s m c h t, H K H H 3 f la e T b C H ñ o M y H a H B a a íH iiH H M : n o A i- T H H H O -fle p H s a B H H H , e T H O rp a c p iu H H H , p i f l H y M O B y , p e A i r i i o i T . f l . M a C O M T p a n A H 6 T b C H , n p a B f la , m o c y ô e K T H B H Î n p e f lc T a B A e H H H K p n c T a A Î3 y K )T b C H f l y « e B n p a3!H O T a o f lH O M a H ÎT H o y ko ikho fo ÍH f lH B Íf la M a c H . K o a s e H y n iflC B iflO M O c T H B if ln y Ba e H K y c b i f l e i o 6 e 3 6 a * a H H H H a f l a x n ïh B H ig y n c H X O A b o i'ÎH H y c p o p M y — (p o p .w y h o h h t t h. M a c o B a n c H x O A b o r iH 3 H a e B H n a flK H , K O A H H K H M C b a 6 C T p ¿IK T H H M r a C A O M Ô y K B a A b H O H a C H H 6 H e H O - B ÍT p a i HOTO B e i p 0 3 y M ÍK ) T b , a u j e ÔXAblH B iflH y B a r o T b . /^ O H O fliÔ H H X r a c e A b H a m n x n a c a x 6 e 3 y M O B H O H a A e x s H T b t. 3b. H a g io H a A b H a i f l e a . H a p o f l u n i 3 H a io T b c a M H x c e 6 e . B y p x A H B H 'S n e p i o f l H a g io H a A b H o r o p e - H e c a H C ) n e p e a îH B a A a Y n p a i m a b 1 9 1 7 — 2 0 p o K a x . P iB e H b H a g io H a A b n o ï
CBÎflOMOCTH
B
n Í3H!IHHX HacaX Mir TÍAbKH niflH6CTHCb: a fla te * BOAHh ík o a h Tai< rocTpo ne BiflnyBaeTbCH Ta He gÍHHTbCH, h k nicAH ïï BTpaTH. y Kp a ïh CbKH'it Hapifl TeepiuiHe noHenoAenHH TepnHTb u ía k o m
CBÎflOMO, 3HaiO'IH i CBOIO HaijioHaAbHy npHHaAeaíHicTb i ICBOK) icTOpilO, Maroku h CB0Ï noAÍTHHHÍ ifleaAH. LJe caMe Moama CKa3ara npo H ayio - HaAbHi MeHHiocTH Ha Y n p a m i. Othîc Tpeöa BBaatara, m o npn nepe- nnci 1926 p on y b Y npaiH giB y pyôpHKy HagioHaAbHOCTn BAHBaAHcn
b ge noHHTTH i nepBHi cyTO h o a ít h h h í: HagioHaAbHa iflen Ta flepataBHi
3MaraHHH. H e M a cyMHÎBy, igo ¡8 pocincbKa MemuicTb Ha Y n p a m i TaK caMO, k o a h m e He 6ÍAbui 11 oa i’i’t i o ho, posyMÍAa ge iihtm h 11 o.
A A e CTaHOBHine naHyionoi pocilñcbKOi mchhiocth uíakom B¡flMÍHHe Bifl n ohe boAe hoï yKpaÏHCbKoï 6ÍAbmocTH Ta pern™ MeHuiocTeñ Ha Y a p a iH Í. TeopeTHHHO 6epynH cnpaBy,
P
ocíhhh3 noxoflaseHHH, hk ocHosa cynacHoï BAaflH, Base chaok)
caMoro u boro (paKTy ne MycHTb n iflA «- raTH BHHapoflOBAeHHK) j 3Ha'iHTb, yciP
ocíhhh 3 noxoflaseHHH MycÍAH nonacTH niflnac nepenncy b pyöpHKy 4. BiflXHAeHHH MorAo hth TÍAbKH Ha 36lAbUieHHH flílHCHOÍ KÍAbKOCTHP
ocÍHH
3 IIOXOflJKeHHH 3a paXyHOK acHMÍAbOBaHHx casmchtíb íhuihx HapoflÍB. Ą a A \ mh npHnycKasMo, Igo pocincbKa MeHmicTb y HaHMeHmiä MÍpi MaAa niflCTaBH xpaTHTH cboio') flHTaHHH, HM flOflepwaHO fliHCHO BCÍX npHnHCÍB iHCTpyKU.il, MM 3ajin w a - Moe Ha 6oui; flau BHCBiuieHHn uboro b Marepinaax nepenncy mh He MacMOflaHHx.
- 89