T h e Am erican T a r Products C o., of C hicago, 111., has le t a contract for the construction of a $100,000 p lan t to m anufacture tar products from the tar ou tp u t of the W oodw ard Iron C om pany’s coke ovens.
T he D eL aval Separator C o. m aintain an Experim ental C ream ery a t their Poughkeepsie, N . Y . works. T h e equipm ent in
cludes m odem m achinery and the necessary apparatus for m aking chemical and bacteriological exam inations of all dairy products.
The N ational W indow G lass M an u facturers’ Association elected the following officers a t the closing session of its annual convention a t A tla n tic C ity , Ju ly 24: President, O. C. T eague, U tica, Ohio; Vice-President, J. H. Brew ster, W eston, W . V a .;
and Secretary, J. K . Johnson, P ittsburgh , Pa.
T he past operating year was one of th e w orst th a t the flin t glass workers of this country have experienced in more th an a decade. T h e factories, as a general rule, operated on ly from 50 to 75 per cent of their capacity.
Prof. John C . Olsen, form erly professor of an a lytical chem istry a t the Polytechnic Institute, B rooklyn, has accepted a position a t Cooper Union, N ew Y o rk , as professor of chem istry and head of the departm ent of chem istry.
T h e W h itall-T atum Co., of M illville, N . J., have under erec
tion a machine shop, in the construction of w hich some $30,000 will be expended. T his shop is to take care of an increased de
mand for machines and presses.
M r. R oger L . M orrison, highw ay engineer w ith the U nited G as Im provem ent C o. of Philadelphia, has been appointed pro
fessor of h ighw ay engineering in th e A gricu ltu ral and M echanical College of Texas. M r. M orrison received th e degree of M aster of A rts from C olum bia U n iversity in June, having com pleted the graduate course in h ighw ay engineering.
Nokom is Lodge, th e elaborate sum m er home of W . H . N ichols of the General Chem ical C om p an y of N ew Y o rk , and th e o u t
lyin g buildings were destroyed on the afternoon of Ju ly 20th.
T h e house, one of the largest on the St. Law rence R iver, was situated on W olf Island, in the C anadian Channel. T h e fire started in the kitchen. T h e steam y ach t N okom is w as cu t ad rift and floated down th e stream unharmed. O n ly a few sm all articles w ere saved from th e fire.
PERSONAL NOTE5
7 8 4
T H E J O U R N A L O F I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y V o l. 6, No. 9
g o v e r n m e n t p u b l i c a t i o n s
By R . S. M c B r id s , B u reau NOTICE— P u blication s for which price is indicated can be purchased from the Superintendent of D ocum ents, G overnm en t P rintin g Office, W ashington, D . C . O ther publications can u sually be supplied from the B ureau or D ep artm ent from w h ich th ey originate. Consular R ep orts are received b y all large libraries and m ay be consulted there, or single num bers can be secured b y application to the B ureau of Foreign and D om estic Com m erce, D ep artm en t of Com m erce, W ashington. T h e regu
lar subscription rate for these C onsular R ep orts m ailed d a ily is
$2.50 per year, p a ya b le in advance, to the Superintendent of D ocum ents.
B U R E A U O P ST A N D A R D S
Com bustion M eth o d for the D irect D eterm ination of R ubber.
L . G. W e s s o n . T echnologic Pap er 35. 11 p p . T h is article w as published p ractically in full in T h i s J o u r n a l , 6 ( 1 9 1 4 ) , 459-62.
Iodine N um ber of Linseed and Petroleum O ils. W . H.
S m i t h and J. B . T u r n s . Technologic Pap er 3 7 . 1 7 p p . An experim ental investigation of the H anus method for determ ina
tion of iodine num ber of oils shows th at this procedure should be more e xa ctly defined in order to give reproducible results, p articu larly w ith burnt oils. T h e effect of w eight of sample!
tem perature, tim e of absorption and am ount of H anus solu- . tion were investigated.
O bservations on F urnishing Tem perature and Properties of R a ils. G . K . B u r g e s s , J. J. C r o w e , H . S. R a w d o n and R . G.
W a i / t e n b e r g : Technologic Pap er 3 8 . 63 pp. T h is is the first report of a series w hich will be prepared in connection w ith the m etallurgical and m etallographic investigations b y the B ureau of Standards in connection w ith rail specifications, th e im portance of rolling rails a t proper tem perature is well know n, bu t the specifications lim iting the shrinkage to 6.75 in.
in 3 3 ft. h ave been found to be of no im portance com m ercially since this clause does not serve its avow ed purpose of lim iting the finishing tem perature to a valu e slightly above the critical range. In this paper d ata are given which h ave been collected from investigations in four representative mills and some ex
perim ental w ork in the Bureau laboratories. I t is concluded th a t a com parison of chem ical analyses, m icrophotographie exam ination and physical properties of finished rails, the rolling o f w hich w as observed, does n ot afford sufficient evidence of co-relation to w arran t associating a n y of th e properties either with the tem perature of rolling or w ith each other. D a ta are given for th e therm al expansion of various steels and the com m ercial significance of the shrinkage specifications is pointed out.
g e o l o g i c a l s u r v e y
1 he follow ing d ata, taken from advanced chapters of mineral resources for 1913, are of particular interest a t this tim e as show ing relative A m erican production of m etals and mineral prod
ucts and indicating the possible influence of the interruptions of foreign comm erce a t this time.
R ecovery of Secon dary M etals. J. B . D u n l o p . Separate N o. 5 from V ol. 1. 8 pp. S econdary m etals are -defined as
“ those recovered from scrap m etal, sweepings, skimmings, drosses, etc., and arc so called to distinguish them from thé m etals derived from ore, which are term ed ‘prim ary m etals.' T his distinction does not im p ly th a t secondary' m etals are of inferior q u a lity .” T h e im portance of the industries for re
claim ed m etal is brought ou t b y the following table, which shows the q u an tity and valu e of secondary m etals produced in 1913:
of S ta n d a rd s, W ashington
R e c o v e r y o f S e c o n d a r y M e t a l s i n t h e U . S . i n 1913 Value Dollars
< s K £ ) S econdary copper, in cluding t h a t in alloys
o th e r th a n b ra s s ... non R em elted b ra s s ... .. . ... Q o '^ is S econdary le a d ... 111. 33 ’ 104 ) R ecovered lead in a llo y s ... -iq’ 7-10 1 Secondary s p e lte r... 111! 50 005 ! R ecovered zinc in alloys o th e r th a n b ra ss’. 1 3 ' 7 4 3 f S econdary t i n ... g ' l j r R ecovered tin in a llo y s ... 7 * 763 J
Secondary a n tim o n y ... 1 1 1 ! ! !'* * 45 j R ecovered an tim o n y in a llo y s .. .1 1 1 ! ! ! ! ! 2 660 ! Secondary a lu m in u m ... ... ' 2*198 ) R ecovered alu m in u m in a llo y s . . . 1. . 2^456 j
T o ta l.
20,536,068 24,651,969 6,409,392 6,019,776 12,567,379 460,932 2,199,480 72,844,996 T h e Production of G raphite in 1913. E d s o n S. B a s tin . Separate N o. 14 of V ol. 2. 72 pp. “ In th e present report there is republished in full or in a b stract all of the information on graphite th a t has appeared in previous su rvey reports. This inform ation has been am plified in some parts and brought up to d ate w henever possible. I t w ill be unnecessary, therefore, for readers to refer to an y earlier su rv ey report dealing with this m ineral."
T h e article covers th e follow ing subjects: Physical and chem ical characteristics, origin, uses, production, and imports;
and full sum m aries are given, b y geographical sources, of the various graphite-producing districts both of this and foreign countries. T h e bibliography includes the more important articles of m ineralogical and economic interest.
It is pointed ou t th a t the production of graphite in the United S tates is v ery irregular and a t the present tim e on ly one concern is said to be firm ly established " in the treatm en t of such graphite rocks. T h e production in the U nited S tates in 1913 was 4,775 short tons of n atural graphite valu ed a t $293,000 and 6,817 short tons of m anufactured graphite valued a t $973,000. There were im ported 288,791 short tons valu ed a t $2,109,000. The three causes for th e u nsatisfactory condition of the domestic in dustry are given as follow s: " ( 1 ) T h e superiority of much of the C eylon graphite to a n y graph ite th a t is mined in this coun
tr y ; (2) the low cost of labor in C eylon, w hich permits cheap mining, careful sorting, ru bbing up, and blending of the prod
u ct; and (3) the facts th a t the largest dom estic deposits are schists w hich carry sm all flakes o f graphite dissem inating through
ou t them and the separation of graphite from the accompany
ing m inerals, especially m ica, in such rocks is a problem of un
usual difficulty,”
T h e Production of A brasive M aterials. F r a n k J. K a tz . Separate N o. 15 from V o l. 2. 22 pp. T his report gives detailed inform ation as to the production in this cou n try and abroad of the various abrasives. D etails are given for the following:
M illstones, grindstones, oilstones, corundum and emery, abra
sive garnet, tripoli and diatom aceous earth, pum ice, and arti
ficial abrasives. T h e im portance of these industries is shown b y the follow ing tabulation of abrasives consum ed in the United S tates in 1913, exclusive of the various form s of silica and feld
spar:
N a tu ra l a b ra siv e s ...$1,648,5 78
A rtificial * 2,017,458
Im p o rts ... 916,913 T o t a l ... 4,582,949
T h e Production of Phosphate R o ck in 1913. W . C . PhalEN.
Separate N o. 16 of V o l. 2. 20 pp. T h e m arketed production of phosphate rock in the U nited S tates in 19x3 was 3,111,221 long tons, valued a t n early $12,000,000. T h is was an increase of 5 per cen t in q u an tity and 1 per cen t in valu e over the pre
vious year. Five-sixths of all the m aterial cam e from Florida.
T h e range in prices per ton was $3.20 to $6.10, averaging
$3-79-Other data included in this report w hich are of particular O il Shale of N orthw estern Colorado and N ortheastern U tah, interest to the fertilizer in dustry are the follow ing: E . J . Wo o d r u f f and Da v id T . Da y B ulletin 58i A . =0 pp.
A separate from Part 2 of the 1913 "Contributions to Economic
Fe r t i l i z e r s Im p o r t e da n d En t e r e df o r Co n s u m p t i o ni nt h e U . S. i n 1 9 1 3 Qeology/'
Product Long* tons Dollars Oil and G as in the W estern P a rt of the Olym pia P en in su la of
Apatite 2,962 22,471 W ashington. Ch a r l e s F . Lu p t o n. B ulletin 581B . 60 pp.
35,012 85 1.1 3 6 A separate from P a rt 2 of the 1913 "C on trib ution s to Econom ic Calcium cyanam id or lim e n itro g e n ... 26,729 1,410,248 Geology.”
46s’;336 2,201:730 c o a i F ields in Idaho, W ashington and Oregon. e . g . w o o d
-“ S S6 SaltS' including. “ ■ manu" 223,687 2,245,509 r u f f and C . E . Lh s h e r. B ulletin 5411- 4 2PP- A n advance Phosphates, c ru d e... 17,121 chapter from P a rt 2 of the 1912 “ Contributions to Econom ic Slag, basic, ground o r u n g ro u n d ... 13,186 i ^ t »
All other s ubstances used only for m an u re 154,729 3 , J 1 4 ,4 o u Geology.
Total ... 955,436 10.819,253 C elestite D eposits in California and Oregon. W . C . Pi i a l e n. Bulletin 540T. 12 pp. A n advance chapter from P a rt 2 of Materia!, Entering LARGELY xntothe Fertilizer Industrv ^ “ Contributions to Econom ic G eo logy.”
inthi. u. s. QUantity value Electrical Activity in O re D eposits. Ro g er C . We l l s.
im ports: L ong tons Dollars Bulletin 5 4 8 . 78 pp. T h is article reports on laboratory
ex-Potassium chior'ide 212,t w 'V.m V.JiS perimental w ork done w ith th e object of investigating the
elec-Potassium s u lfa te... 39,597 1,677,429 and electrolytic phenom enon which are of interest as hav-s . ! » : “ } n 'J m 'W ing a bearing upon ore deposits. T h e general theoretical con-4 93I 285 52,999,469 siderations are also fu lly discussed. In the preface it is em phasized “ th at the results thus far obtained afTord no adequate The Production of M an gan ese and M anganiferous O res in basis for an y m ethod of electrical prospecting nor an y promise 1913. D . F . He wETT. Separate N o. 4 Vo! 1. 20 pp. 0[ the developm ent of such a m ethod for m aking know n the This report gives the various sources^of manganese and the pro- presence of ore deposits w ith readily or definitely m easurable duetion sum'maries b y districts, b y mineral sources, and b y electrical a c tiv ity .”
years, and includes a discussion of the various manganese ores, T he 0 re D eposits of N ortheastern W ashington. How lan d the uses of m anganese, and the im portance of the various Ba n c r o ft. Including a Section of T h e R epublic M ining D is
branches of the industry. In 1913 im ports of manganese ores tr¡ct b y Wal d e m a r Lin d c r e n and Ho w la n d Ba n c r o f t. amounted to 345, o o o lo n g to n s , h aving a value in excess of $2,000,- Bulletin 550. 215 pp. “ Describes the geology of an area of 000. T he Am erican production form ed only a v ery sm all frac- about 6(000 square miles in Stevens and F erry Counties,
north-tion of the to ta l w orld producnorth-tion, the three principal sources eastem W ashington, giving detailed inform anorth-tion as to its min-being B razil, R u ssia and India. T h e uses of manganese in its ing districts and ore deposits— chiefly lead, zinc, and copper, various alloys and com binations are summ arized under the sta te s th at the general conditions for m ining are particularly following headings: (1) alloys; (2) oxidizers; (3) coloring ma- fav0rable and discusses briefly the methods and costs of mining, terials; (4) flux in sm eltin g silver and lead ores; (5) gems or treatment of the ores, and means of transportation. T he lllus-omamental stones, in th e form of the minerals rhodonite and trations include plans and sketch m aps of some of the mines spessartite- (6) fertilizer; (7) various lesser chemical, manufac- alld halftone plates show ing geologic conditions.”
turing, and m edical uses. R econnaissance of Oil and G as F ields in W ayn e and M
c-Potash Salts. W . C . Ph a l e n. Separate N o. 7 of Vol. 2. Creary Counties, K y . M . J. Mu n n. ^ B ulletin 579. 105 PP-24 pp. A m ong the more im portan t d ata given b y this report "G iv e s a brief description of the stratigraph y and structure o are those referred to above under the heading of Phosphate the rocks in W ayn e and M cC rea ry Counties, K y ., w ith special ' Rock— the im portance of the im ported potash salts is evident reference to their oil and gas content. T h e oil and gas fields
from these tabulations. are treated in detail, and numerous records of wells are given.
The Production of T alc and Soapstone in 1913. J. S. Di l lER. A s to the future of the area, there is every reason to suppose Separate N o. 11, V ol. 2. 12 pp. D a ta of this report show t hat m any other profitable oil pools will b e found even tually that the U n ited S tates is the largest producer of talc and soap- in districts in and adjacent to W ayn e C ou n ty, and the struc-stone and th e Am erican m arket will probably n ot be at all af- turai conditions seem to favor the practical application of geo ogy fected b y a n y interruption of im port facilities. I t is to be noted in finding these pools. T h e illustrations include sketch m aps that the production of C alifornia fell off m arkedly during 1913 showing the location of oil and gas pools, sections of deep wells, but all other im p ortan t producing states had m aterial increases. and v ¡ews b f specimens from the B eaver C reek oil sand.
The average per cen t increase w as 11.78 (for 1913 as compared BUREAU o f MINES
with 1912). Selection of Explosives U sed in Engineering and M ining O
per-The Production of Silica. Fr a n k J. Ka t z. Separate No. at¡ons< Cl a r e n c e Ha l l and Sp e n c e r P . Ho w e l l. Bulletin 13, Vol. 2. 6 pp. T h e follow ing tabulation gives a sum m ary ^ 2rKj g d itio n . 50 pp. Paper. 10 cents.
of the d a ta included in this report: B rass-Furnace P ractice in the U nited States. H. W . Gil -Marketed Production op S ilica fo r P o ttery, Paints, F ille rs , Pol- LgTT B ulletin 73- 300 pp. Paper, 45 cts. " T h e object of ishers, Abrasives, and O ther Uses in 1913, in Short Tons investigation reported in this bulletin was to ascertain the Q u a n tity D ollars m elting and fuel losses in present brass-m elting practice and to Quartz (vein q u a rtz .(a) p e g m a tite a n d q u a rtz - indicate, as far as possible, m ethods b y which these losses m ight s J P - V - V S ... 106"857 466!523 be reduced.” T h e m agnitude of the losses is estim ated to be TripoH?..“ “ ^ 0“ : : : : : : 2 1 6 . 5 1 7 abou t & y e a r in m elS f atone. If the average «netal D.atomaeeous earth.. . . . . I . . loss COuld be reduced to be th at found under best operating
con-T o tal 232,192 953,832 ditions there would be a saving of $ 1 ,500,0 00 and if fuel efficiency
(a) in clu d es on ly finely g ro u n d m aterial. and crucible life could be brought from present average to th e
A G ypsn n, * * * „ I= t e c h » «
‘'Contributions to Z ¡ 2 ¿ O r i » . - ” * " * * “
Sept., 1 9 1 4 T H E J O U R N A L O F I N D U S T R I A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G C H E M I S T R Y 7$5
technical control. R eports, how ever, indicate m etal loss v a ry ing from o . i to 22 per cent and fuel efficiency from 1 .5 to 16 per cent. In order to investigate th e rem edies for these condi
tions the relative ad van tages of different types of furnaces Were stud ied as were the various operating practices affecting com
pleteness of com bustion, volatilization losses, and factors w hich produced irregularities in q u a lity of metals. T h e causes of ' disease and danger and the essential precautions for the health and sa fety of workm en were also investigated and recom m enda
tions are given covering these subjects.
Factors Governing the Combustion of Coal in Boiler Fur
naces. J. K . C l e m e n t , J. C. W . F r a z e r and C . E . A u g u s t i n e . T echnologic P ap er 63. 45 p p . T h e ob ject of the in ves
tigation reported in this paper w as to determ ine the conditions requisite for an econom ic utilization of various typ es of coal.
J1 he more im portant factors influencing com bustion w hich were investigated are: T h e volum e and shape of the com bus
tion cham ber, the kin d of fuel used, especially the am ount and ch aracter of the volatile m atter and rate of firing; the rate of heating the fuel; the air su p p ly; th e rate a t which air is m ixed w ith the com bustible gases in the furnace; and the tem perature of th e com bustion cham ber. T h é prelim inary report embodies the results of a series of 23 tests w ith Pocahontas coal. T he furnace and its operation are described in detail, and the methods and apparatus used for gas analysis and m aking tem perature m easurem ents are given.
Methods of O il R ecovery in California. R a l p h A r n o l d and 'V . R . G a r f i a s . T echnical Paper 70. 57 pp. “ In this paper are discussed the general methods em ployed in C alifornia for recovering th e oil w hen, ow ing to insufficient gas pressure or other causes, it does n ot rise to the surface b y natural flow.
T h e report com prises a stu d y of different pum ping devices and m eans of generating pow er to operate them , and sum m arizes th eir rela tive cost and field of usefulness.”
Specific Gravity Separation Applied to the Analysis of Mining Explosives. C . G . S t o r m and A . !, H y d e . T echn ical Paper 78. 13 pp. T h e article des -ribed various flotation m ethods for separating th e constituents of explosives b y differences in their specific g r a v ity as a prelim inary to the chem ical analysis.
D E P A R T M E N T O F A G R IC U L T U R E
Progress Reports of Experim ;nts in Dust Prevention and Road Preservation, 1913. B ulletin 0 5 . 46 pp. 5 cents. T h is con
tribution from the office of P u blic R oads gives the details of construction of several sample roads w hich h ave been con structed under the supervision of the Office of P u blic R oads.
T h e various difficulties encountered and the results noted after th e roads had been su b ject to traffic conditions for some tim e are reported in detail. Progress and supplem entary reports are in
cluded for a num ber of roads for which specifications have pre
viou sly been given.
H Y G IE N IC L A B O R A T O R Y
Gaseous Impurities in the A ir of R ailw ay Tunnels. A t h e r t o n S e i d e l l and P h i l i p W . M e s e r v e . B ulletin N o. 9 2 . 4 7 pp. T he investigation here reported w as carried ou t in order to determ ine the am ount of sulfur dioxide and carbon m onoxide in the air of ra ilw a y tunnels, and to point o u t w hat, if any, physio
logical difficulties m ight be expected from breathing such air.
M ethods for the determ ination of these im purities arc discussed.
A n alyses of samples taken from the tunnels are given and the physiological effects of such im purities are discussed. I t is probable th at the concentration of these gases w hich w as found w as not sufficient to produce a serious effect upon man.
P U B L IC H E A L T H S U R V E Y
Soluble Aluminum Compounds; Their Occurrence in Certain Vegetable Products. C . N . M y e r s and C a r l V o e g t l i n . Public Health Reports, 29, 1625-9 (No. 25, June 19, 1914). D uring an investigation into the causes of pellegra the relation of diet
786 t h e j o u r n a l o f i n d u s t r i a l
to this disease was in vestigated and the possible relation of the considerable am ounts of alum inum w hich is present in certain foods in large quantities in a w ater-soluble form was suggested as perhaps one of the causes of this disease. D ata are given show ing the q u a n tity of alum inum present in various cereals and other vegetable foods from w hich it is concluded that "the d aily consum ption of alum inum on a m ain ly vegetable diet may assum e large proportions.”
What is a Safe Drinking Water? A l l e n J. M c L o u g h u n . P ublic Health Reports, 29, 1686-94 (No. 26, June 26, 1914).
D a ta are given from 15 represen tative cities show ing the efficiency
D a ta are given from 15 represen tative cities show ing the efficiency