: Share of farms matching selected criteria by voivodships

FADN Macro-regions: Sustainability criteria

4. Selected groups of farms against the background of the general population of individual farms

The significance of selected groups of farms will be analyzed at national and regional level. Due to the low accessibility of data we will only analyze the significance in terms of land resources, labor input, livestock, economic strength and sources of income. Surely, it does not fully explore the possible set of indexes describing the significance of the selected groups of farms in individual agriculture, in particular as regards social agriculture. The measure of significance is expressed as share of selected criteria in the whole of the individual agriculture, within said economic categories.

I – Pomorze i Mazury

III – Mazowsze i Podlasie IV – Małopolska i Pogórze II – Wielkopolska i Śląsk

25

Stock of ruminants SD/GPP – max. 1,5 Stock of all animals SD/UR – max. 2

Table 4. Individual farms by selected groups – selected data

Individual farms

Item Total Sustainable Norfolk

Non-inventory Subsistence Agriculture land (thousand ha) 13 605,8 509,2 390,4 2 859,7 2 228,7 Sowings (thousand ha) 9 843,4 437,3 292,2 1 879,4 1 313,6 Labor input (thousand JPZ^a) 2 246,9 59,0 73,5 355,6 640,8 - families (thousand JPZ) 2 146,7 55,3 72,1 314,2 630,6 Working in farm (thousand

person) 5 044,3 101,2 130,4 1 473,3 1 952,2

- 65 years old and older 750,0 11,7 18,8 231,6 386,5 Livestock (thousand SD) 7 222,5 154,8 278,1 0,0 1 028,5 Economic potential (million

ESU) 8 209,8 312,4 224,1 1 286,6 1 136,7

Agricultural holdings

(thousands) 664,2 17,2 17,9 131,6 112,0

a JPZ – fully employed individual, alternatively annual work unit (AWU, roczna jednostka pracy). It is an equivalent of one full time job. The work unit used in Poland was equal to 2.120 hours of work per year, i.e. 265 working days, 8 hours of work each day. When computing the labor input expressed in JPZ (according to the Eurostat methodology) the condition was maintained that 1 person may not correspond to more than 1 JPZ, even if it works longer in reality.

Subsistence farms, accounting for 41% of the total population of individual farms, have much less economic and production significance. They use approximately 2,2 million ha of agricultural land; it corresponds to 640 000 JPZ of labor input, a little bit more than 1 million SD of livestock and 1,1 million ESU. These numbers are not surprising. However, the group of subsistence farms, i.e. earning their incomes mainly from farming activity, would require closer investigation. Most of the production generated by these farms is intended for internal consumption (natural consumption). If compared with the source of income criterion, it indicates that consumption of food from subsistence predominates in consumption structure of the holding (family) in this group. It may indicate to exceptionally low level of non-food needs resulting from, e.g. older age or poverty. In any case, this is the focus group which includes more than 110.000 households.

Non-inventory farms account for 37,4% of the total of individual farms.

This is a large group (926.000) and its size is still increasing. These farms use 3,3 million of agricultural area in total, engaging almost 360 000 JPZ of labor input. It is also a basic – i.e. predominating – source of income for 132.000 of households.

Fig. 1. Subsistence farms against background of the total population of individual farms (%)

powierzchnia użytków rolnych – agricultural area nakłady pracy ogółem – total labor input

pogłowie zwierząt gospodarskich – stock of farm animals potencjał ekonomiczny – economic potential

gospodarstwa rolnicze – agricultural holding

Fig. 2. Non-inventory farms against background of the total population of individual farms (%)

Powierzchnia użytków rolnych – agricultural area nakłady pracy ogółem – total labor input

potencjał ekonomiczny – economic potential gospodarstwa rolnicze – agricultural holding

16,4

The group of Norfolk farms includes more than 50.000 farms (2,1% of the total of individual farms), uses 390.000 ha of agricultural area, engages 73.000 JPZ of labor input and holds 278.000 of animals. They are the basic source of income for 17.900 families (households), which means that 35% of these farms are of farming character.

Fig. 3. Norfolk farms against background of the total population of individual farms (%)

powierzchnia użytków rolnych – agricultural area nakłady pracy ogółem – total labor input

pogłowie zwierząt gospodarskich – stock of farm animals potencjał ekonomiczny – economic potential

gospodarstwa rolnicze – agricultural farms

The group of sustainable farms, i.e. matching all the 5 environmental and production sustainability criteria includes only 40.000 farms (1,6% of the total of individual farms) and therefore has marginal economic and production importance. It uses only 510.000 ha UR, engages less than 60.000 JPZ of labor input and holds 155.000 SD of stock of animals. Approximately 42% of farms in this group have an agricultural source of income. Farms of this group are interesting however, because they are very close to match the economic and social criterion (source of income) and environmental and production criteria, It is expected that political instruments, in particular resulting from the EU agricultural policy will have an impact on increase of frequency eo ipso significance of this group of farms.

Significant differences in terms of share of selected farm groups in basic values of the individual agriculture at the regional level are observed in terms of spatial configuration.

Fig. 4. Sustainable farms against background of the total population of individual farms (%)

liczebność - frequency

powierzchnia użytków rolnych – agricultural area nakłady pracy ogółem – total labor input

pogłowie zwierząt gospodarskich – stock of farm animals potencjał ekonomiczny – economic potential

gospodarstwa rolnicze – agricultural holding

As regards the sustainable farms, taking into account their marginal role in basic production and economic categories, relative differences are observed between particular regions. Beyond any doubt, the population of sustainable farms is far more important in Pomorskie, Opolskie, Dolnośląskie, Podkarpackie as compared to Łódzkie or Śląskie voivodships. For example, in terms of agricultural area, the share of sustainable farms in the first group of voivodships exceeds 5%, while in the second group does not exceed 2% of the agricultural areas in a given voivodship.

It is similar in case of significance of Norfolk farms, which are more numerous as compared to the sustainable farms. In this regard Warmińsko-Mazurskie, Małopolskie and Podlaskie are in the first rank. Opolskie, Dolnośląskie and Lubuskie are in the last rank in this regard. In the first group the share of Norfolk farms in the agricultural area exceeds 8%, while in the second group it does not exceed 0,3%.

1,6

3,7

2,6

2,1

3,8

2,6

0 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4

liczebność powierzchnia użytków rolnych nakłady pracy ogółem pogłowie zwierząt gospodarskich potencjał ekonomiczny gospodarstwa rolnicze

Map 3. Sustainable farms against the background of the genera population