S u b - C o m m i t t e e o n M e l t i n g F u r n a c e s T his S ub-C om m ittee has fo r some tim e been en g ag ed in th e p re p a r a tio n of a re p o r t on fo u n d ry m e ltin g fu rn a c e s, w ith a view to p ro v id in g d a ta on m odern m e ltin g p ra c tic e . A t th e b eg in n in g of th is y e a r i t w as found t h a t th e scope of th e re p o r t was too w ide, an d i t was decided t h a t in th e first in stan ce i t should be lim ited to m eltin g fu rn a c e s fo r g rey cast iron.
The re p o r t will be divided in to sections, each d ealin g w ith one ty p e of fu rn a c e . Sections on th e cupola, r o ta r y fu rn a c e s and electric fu rn aces a re now com pleted and f u r th e r sections are in p re p a ra tio n .
L. W . BOLTON , C onvener.
S u b - C o m m i t t e e o n N o n - F e r r o u s C a s t i n g s The w ork of th is S ub-C om m ittee d u rin g 1936- 37 h as been m ain ly concerned w ith th e considera
tio n of criticism s raised on th e ir re p o rt, “ R e
com m endations fo r Two L eaded G u n m e ta ls,” p re sented a t th e 1936 A n n u a l C onference of th e I n s titu te . The re p o r t has been p re se n te d d u rin g th e session a t a n u m b er of B ran ch es an d h as p ro voked a c e rta in a m o u n t of correspondence in th e te c h n ic a l press. The recep tio n accorded' th e re p o r t h as been fa v o u ra b le an d th e Sub-Com
m itte e is en co u rag ed to proceed w ith th is w ork of p re p a r in g a su itab le series of alloys fo r sug
gested s ta n d a rd is a tio n . F u r t h e r w ork of th e sam e ty p e on bronzes of h ig h e r lead c o n te n t is in h a n d , an d i t is hoped t h a t in due course sim ilar recom m endations fo r leaded phosphor bronzes can be p u t fo rw ard by th e Sub-Com
m itte e .
G. L. B A IL E Y , S ecreta ry.
S u b - C o m m i t t e e o n R e f r a c t o r i e s
The Sub-C om m ittee has had sev eral m eetings d u rin g th e y ear, an d its recom m endations fo r th e specification a n d s ta n d a rd te s ts fo r cupola firebricks was finally a p p ro v ed by th e T echnical C om m ittee a t th e m e etin g in B irm in g h a m on M arch 6 for subm ission to th e I n s tit u te m em bers.
D u rin g th e y e a r th e S ub-C om m ittee h as been fu r th e r stre n g th e n e d by th e election of new mem bers, a n d is a t p re se n t a c tiv e ly en g ag ed on in v e s tig a tin g closely th e c h a ra c te ristic s of cupola g a n is te r w ith a view to th e p re p a r a tio n of a d r a f t specification fo r subm ission to th e T ech
nical C om m ittee. A g r e a t a m o u n t of u sefu l in v estig atio n has been com pleted a lre a d y , a n d i t is hoped to be able to su b m it a considered r e p o rt d u rin g th e p re s e n t y ear.
W . J . R E E S , C on ven er.
S u b - C o m m i t t e e o n S a n d s
The w ork of th e sands q u e stio n n a ire m en tioned in th e previous a n n u a l re p o r t has been com pleted. The ta b u la tio n an d com m ents w ill be published later.
Recom m ended m ethods of d ry san d te s tin g a re also read y fo r p u b licatio n , an d m ethods of sieve te s tin g have been u n d e r co n sid eratio n .
S and te s tin g eq u ip m en t is being checked an d re su ltin g th erefro m m odifications to some ex ist
ing eq u ip m en t are recom m ended.
M uch progress has been due to th e co-opera
tio n of th e Sub-C om m ittee on M oulding M a te ria ls of th e Iro n an d S teel I n s tit u te an d th e S ands an d R efracto ries C om m ittee of th e B ritis h C ast Iro n R esearch A ssociation.
J O H N J . S H E E H A N , C onvener.
S u b - C o m m i t t e e on S t e e l C a s t i n g s W ork has c o n tin u ed upon th e th r e e in v e s tig a tio n s d etailed in th e 1936 r e p o r t: —
(a) C onsiderable d a ta have been collected upon th e effect of various h e a t-tre a tm e n ts on
steels of n o rm al com positions. A few f u r th e r te s ts a re re q u ire d before th e first ta b u la tio n can be com pleted.
I n c a rry in g o u t th e se te s ts i t was found necessary to design a s ta n d a rd te s t block c a s t
ing, a n d i t is recom m ended t h a t th is should be used w hen b ars a re being p re p a re d fo r in v e s tig a tin g th e p ro p e rtie s of c a st steels.
(6) A ll th e valve c a stin g s u n d e r considera
tio n a re u n d e rg o in g te s t by a w ell-known valve m a n u f a c tu r e r, an d all h av e successfully w ith stood th e h ig h e s t p ressu re te s ts . The castin g s a re now being sectioned to a sc e rta in h e te ro g e n e ity , etc.
(c) A rra n g e m e n ts h av e been m ade w ith a re fra c to rie s m a n u f a c tu r e r to su p p ly a u n ifo rm sa n d (to a specification ag re e d w ith th e Iro n a n d S teel I n s tit u te S teel M oulding M a te ria ls C om m ittee an d a p p ro v ed by th e S an d s Sub- C om m ittee) fo r th e m a k in g of special te s t c a s t
ings. Some d a ta h av e also been collected upon liq u id steel te m p e ra tu re s in th e fo u n d ry .
D ifficulty is being ex p erien ced in decid in g u p o n a s u ita b le ty p e o f e x p e rim e n ta l c astin g fo r th e m a k in g of te s ts, b u t tr ia ls of various form s co n tin u e.
A m em ber of th e C om m ittee h a s p re p a re d a very com prehensive b ib lio g rap h y u p o n th e sub
je c t of steel c a stin g s defects, an d th is is available to an y in te re s te d m em ber.
C. H . K A 1N , C onvener.
S e c o n d C o n g r e s s o f t h e I n t e r n a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n f o r T e s t i n g M a t e r i a l s
Lo n d o n, A p r i l 19 to 2 6 , 19 3 7 .
D r. A. B. E v e re st re p re se n te d th e I n s tit u te officially a t th e te c h n ic a l sessions of th is Con
gress, a n d a su m m ary of h is re p o rt, p resen ted to th e T echnical C om m ittee, is as follow s: —
T he C ongress w as div id ed in to fo u r m ain g ro u p s, d ealin g respectively w ith m etals, in o r
g a n ic m a te ria ls, o rg an ic m a te ria ls, an d finally, su b je c ts of g en e ra l in te re s t. F ro m th e p o in t of view of th e I n s tit u te of B ritis h F o u n d ry m en ,
do
G roup A, dealing w ith m etals, w as u n d o u b ted ly th e m ost im p o rta n t, sub-sections in th is g ro u p d ealing w ith th e beh av io u r of m etals d e p e n d e n t upon te m p e ra tu re an d g iv in g c o n sid e ra tio n to m echanical p ro p ertie s, especially creep a n d im p act, a t high te m p e ra tu re s, an d also to o x id a tio n an d corrosion as affected by te m p e ra tu re . The second sub-section was devoted to progress of m etallography an d d e a lt e ssen tially w ith th e te s tin g m ethods an d th e re s u lts of te s tin g in th e fields of microscopy, X -ra y e x a m in a tio n , elec
tro n in terferen ce, an d so on. Som e a tte n tio n was in cid en tally given u n d e r th is section to solidification of ingots and to re c ry sta llisa tio n . The th ird sub-section was devoted to lig h t m etals an d th e ir alloys, special referen ce being m ad e in th is connection to th e m echanism of age- h a rd e n in g an d th e stu d y of single cry stals.
I n th e fo u rth sub-section a tte n tio n was given to th e general subjects of w o rk ab ility an d w ear, re fe rrin g especially to m a c h in ab ility on th e one h an d and to w ear te s ts an d th e ir re la tio n to service life on th e o th er.
I n th e th ird group, dealing w ith lig h t m etals, some reference was m ade to c a st a lu m in iu m alloys, w hilst in considering th e ques.tion of w ear some two or th re e P a p e rs m ade referen ce to c a st iron. On th e whole, how ever, am ong th e 64 P a p e rs presented in th e m etals section, th e m a jo rity d e a lt generally w ith th e fu n d a m e n ta ls of te s tin g as applied to m e ta llu rg ic a l p ro d u cts, an d th e re w as n o t a g r e a t deal of d ire c t concern to foundrym en,
In th e group dealing w ith su b jects of g en eral im portance, th e re la tio n betw een th e re s u lts of lab o rato ry te s ts and beh av io u r in service was considered. I n th is section, as in th e m a in m etals group, th e general conclusion would a p p e a r to be th a t w hilst te s tin g m ethods are being in creas
ingly perfected, and w hilst m ore refined m ethods of in v estig atio n are th ro w in g a new lig h t on th e fu n d am en tal p ro p ertie s of m a te ria ls, th e r e is still a very wide gap betw een resu lts of lab o ra
to ry in v estig atio n s an d th e life o b ta in e d in service.
A w a r d s
T he Re t i r i n g Pr e s i d e n t an n o u n ced t h a t th e follow ing A w ards h a d been m ade fo r th e y ear 1936-37: —
The O liver S tu b b s M edal to M r. P . A. Russell fo r his w ork in p ro m o tin g th e technical
Mr. E . J . Fox
(D onor o f th e E . J . F o x M edal).
d ev elo p m en t of th e in d u s try , p a rtic u la rly as C onvener of th e S ub-C om m ittee on C ast I r o n of th e T echnical C om m ittee.
T he E . J . F o x M edal to E m e ritu s P ro f.
Thom as T u rn e r, M .Sc.
D iplom as h a d been a w ard ed to th e
follow-i n g : —M r. H . H . S hepherd fo r a P a p e r on “ The A p p licatio n of Science to th e C ontrol of F o u n d ry S a n d s,” re a d before th e B irm in g h a m B ra n c h . M r. S. A. H o rto n fo r a P a p e r on “ P a tt e r n s an d th e i r R e la tio n to M oulding P ro b le m s,” re a d before th e E a s t M id lan d s Branch» M i . K . Ball an tin e fo r a P a p e r on “ D evelopm ents in th e P ro d u c tio n of In g o t M ould C a s tin g s ,” re a d before th e L an cash ire B ra n c h a n d th e F a lk ir k Section. M r. E . W . W y n n fo r a P a p e r on
“ A Sm all O il-F ired R o ta ry F u rn a c e a n d its P ro d u c ts ,” re a d before th e L a n c a sh ire B ra n c h . D r. C. J . D adsw ell, M r. T. R . W a lk e r a n d M r.
F . W hitehouse, jo in t a u th o rs of a P a p e r on
“ The M a n u fa c tu re of I r o n an d S teel C a stin g s in G reen S a n d ,” re a d before th e Sheffield B ra n c h .
H o n o r a r y M e m b e r
The Re t i r i n g Pr e s i d e n t proposed t h a t L o rd A u stin of L o n g b rid g e, K .B .E ., be elected an H o n o ra ry M em ber. H e ad d ed t h a t L o rd A u stin had been approached u p o n th e m a tte r a n d h ad said he was fully conscious of th e h o n o u r, a n d th e I n s titu te fe lt t h a t i t w as h o n o u rin g its e lf by electing L o rd A ustin.
M r . J . E . Hu r s t, seconding, said t h a t L o rd A ustin, by reason of his m an y a c tiv itie s a n d th e fa c t t h a t he controlled very la rg e fo u n d rie s, would be a very w o rth y H o n o ra ry M em ber of th e In s titu te . The pro p o sitio n w as u n an im o u sly ado p ted anxid prolonged ap p lau se.
E l e c t i o n o f P r e s i d e n t
The Re t i r i n g Pr e s i d e n t said t h a t his own very n a tu r a l relu ctan ce to relin q u ish office as P re s id e n t a fte r so pleasurable a y e a r was lig h t
ened by the' f a c t t h a t he would be followed by so w orthy a successor as M r. C. W . B igg, whose w ork fo r th e I n s tit u te h a d been co n tin u o u s ev er since he h ad joined. H e was one of those men who was alw ays alongside his fellows a n d was unanim ously declared to be one of th e r ig h t so rt.
H e was second in com m and of one of th e la rg e s t foundries in D erby, an d i t was a g re a t p leasu re
to propose his electio n as P re s id e n t fo r th e e n su in g y ear.
M r. V. Jo b so n (ch airm an of Q ualeast, L im ite d ), as a colleague a n d frie n d of M r. B igg for m ore th a n th i r t y years, seconded th e pro
posal. M r B ig g ’s associates in th e com pany, he said, w ere very p roud indeed t h a t he h ad been selected fo r th e h o nour, an d th e y w ould do all th e y could d u rin g th e y e a r to en su re t h a t he w ould be able to give to th e I n s tit u te th e tim e which his office dem anded. T here could be no b e tte r m an fo r th e office, fo r n o t only h a d he re m a rk a b le a b ility , b u t he h ad h u m a n ity an d com m anded th e affection of his associates.
Mr. H . Bu n t i n g ( r e tir in g P re s id e n t of th e E a s t M idlands B ran ch ) su p p o rte d th e proposal.
The B ra n c h , he said, h a d a good deal of p rid e in th e f a c t t h a t i t h a d tr a in e d M r. B igg, and th e y knew t h a t he w ould rise to any call t h a t m ig h t be m ade upon it. H e would follow w o rth ily o th e r m em bers of th e B ra n c h who h ad served as P re s id e n ts of th e I n s tit u te —M r. S. A.
Crimson a n d M r. S. H . R ussell.
M r . C. W . Big g w as u n an im o u sly elected, and he expressed his g r e a t a p p re c ia tio n of th e ho n o u r w hich th e m em bers h a d c o n ferred u p o n him self personally a n d th e B ra n c h . H e assured th e m em bers t h a t an y sm all ta le n ts or v irtu e s th a t he m ig h t possess w ould be placed u nreservedly a t th e service of th e I n s titu te .
V o t e o f T h a n k s t o R e t i r i n g P r e s i d e n t . M r . C. W . Big g proposed a h e a rty vote of th a n k s to M r. H . W in te rto n fo r his g r e a t ser
vices to th e I n s tit u te , an d c o n g ra tu la te d him u p o n a v ery successful y e a r of office as P re s i
d e n t. N o m an , he said, could have th ro w n him self m ore w hole-heartedly in to th e job ; e v e rj little b it of M r. W in te rto n h ad gone to m ake a job of his p re s id e n tia l office, an d he h a d suc
ceeded. H e could look back to a y e a r of record m em bership ; to th e fo rm a tio n of th e E a s t A n g lian an d th e B risto l Sections ; .to th e fo rm a
tio n of th e S o u th A frican B ra n c h ; to th e c
jo in t m eeting lield w ith th e I r o n a n d S teel I n s titu te in th e a u tu m n of 1936, a n d to th e g e n e ra l expansion of th e a c tiv itie s of th e I n s titu te . The feelings betw een th e P re s id e n t an d th e S e n io r V ice-P resident d u rin g th e p a s t y e a r could n o t possibly have been b e tte r th a n in f a c t th e y were, and M r. B igg acknow ledged t h a t he h a d been able to form a personal frie n d sh ip w ith M r. W in te rto n which he v alu ed v ery highly.
M b . F . J . C ook (P a s t-P re s id e n t), seco n d in g , said M r. W in te rto n h a d done m uch to b rin g th e I n s titu te to its p re se n t position, a n d his y e a r of office h ad been very p leasu rab le a n d p ro fitab le to th e In s titu te . The vote of th a n k s w as c a rrie d w ith acclam ation.
M e. Win t e r t o n, re sp o n d in g , assu red th e m em bers th a t his w ork d u rin g his y e a r of office had been a lab o u r of love, an d he was indeed proud to have been able to help th e I n s tit u te along. I t had e n ta ile d a g r e a t deal of tr a v e l
ling, b u t he h ad done his best to v is it ev ery B ranch and Section d u rin g th e y e a r ; i t was r a th e r u n fo r tu n a te t h a t th e S o u th A fric a n B ranch was n o t a c tu a lly form ed u n til r a th e r la te in his y e a r of office, an d he could find no reaso n able excuse to pay a v is it th e re ! H e to o k th e o p p o rtu n ity to express his g re a t a p p re c ia tio n of th e su p p o rt afforded him by th e V ice-P resid en ts, hon. tre a s u re r, th e g en eral se c re ta ry an d all th e m em bers of th e Council.
E le c t i o n o f V i c e - P r e s i d e n t s
M r . B ig g , proposing th e election of. M r. J . H ep w o rth , J . P . , M .P ., as S enior V ice-P resid en t, paid a tr ib u te to him in resp ect of his w ork fo r th e W est R id in g B ran ch of th e I n s tit u te , h is very live in te re s t as a specialist in th e in d u s try , and his w ider experience as a n a tio n a l legisla
to r, which should enable him to fill th e post as S enior V ice-P resid en t w ith c re d it to him self and w ith benefit to th e I n s titu te . The resolu
tio n was seconded by M r . S. W. W is e , t h e honorary secretary of th e W est R id in g B ra n c h , and was carried unanim ously.
Mr. He p w o r t h, ex p ressin g his a p p re c ia tio n
■of th e ho n o u r c o n ferred upon him an d u pon th e W est R id in g B ran ch , assu red th e m em bers t h a t he w ould give w illingly as m uch of his tim e as he could possibly give to th e I n s t i t u t e ’s work.
Mr. V. C. Fa u l k n e r, F .R .S .A . (P a s t-P re si- d e n t) , proposed t h a t M r. W . B. L ake, J . P . , he a p p o in te d J u n io r V ic e -P re sid e n t, an d said th a t th e reason why th e C ouncil h a d chosen th is p a r
t ic u la r tim e to recom m end M r. L a k e ’s election as J u n io r V ic e -P re sid e n t was t h a t in th e o rd i
n a ry course of e v e n ts he w ould preside, as P r e sid e n t of th e I n s titu te , over th e I n te rn a tio n a l F o u n d ry C ongress, to he held in E n g la n d tw o y ears hence. M r. L ak e, wdio was an im p o rta n t fo u n d ry ow ner, was th e first m an to m ake a steel c a stin g w ith th e a id of e le c tric ity in E n g lan d , an d th e first to m ake a steel c a stin g w ith t h e a id of th e S an d slin g er. H e was also a very good em ployer, fo r he gave m em bers of his staff e v e ry fa c ility to p a rtic ip a te in th e a c tiv itie s of th e I n s tit u te . I n 1928 he h a d p resid ed w ith g r e a t d is tin c tio n over th e L ondon B ran ch , an d sub seq u en tly had been a very stro n g su p p o rte r of th e new E a s t A n g lian S ection, w hich h ad been la u n ch e d successfully. F o r th e la s t seven years he h a d been hon. tr e a s u r e r of th e I n s tit u te , and i t was hoped t h a t in f u tu r e he w ould play an e v en g r e a te r p a r t in its developm ent. M r.
F a u lk n e r coupled w ith th e proposal a h e a rty v ote of th a n k s to M r. L ak e fo r his w onderful work in th e p a st.
Mr. D . H . Wo o d, seconding, re fe rre d to th e able m a n n e r in w hich M r. L a k e h ad piloted th ro u g h the. F in a n c e C om m ittee an d th e G eneral C o u n cil a proposal t h a t su rp lu s fu n d s in th e B ran ch es should be h anded over to th e G eneral Council. The resolution was carried u n an i
m ously, and Mr. La k e briefly responded.
E l e c t i o n o f A u d i t o r s
J . & A. W. Sully & C om pany, c h a rte re d a c c o u n ta n ts , were un an im o u sly re-elected a u d i
to r s fo r th e en su in g year.
c2
E l e c t i o n o f M e m b e r s o f C o u n c il
The re s u lt of th e b a llo t fo r th e e lec tio n of m em bers to fill th e five v acancies on th e C ouncil was as f o l l o w s P r o f . J . H . A ndrew , M r. V . D elp o rt, M r. E . L ongden, M r. P . A. R ussell, M r. D. H . Wood.
C iv ic R e c e p t i o n
I n th e evening th e m em bers an d ladies a tte n d e d a rec e p tio n a t B em rose School, U tto x e te r R o ad , D erby, by k in d in v ita tio n of th e W o rsh ip fu l th e M ayor (C ouncillor M rs.
P e tty , J . P . ) an d th e C o rp o ra tio n of D erby.
O P E N I N G OF C O N F E R E N C E On W ednesday m o rn in g , J u n e 9, th e m em bers a n d th e i r lad ies assem bled in th e G uild H a ll, M a rk e t P lace, D erby, w here th e y w ere officially welcomed by The W o rsh ip fu l th e M ay o r of D erby (C ouncillor M rs. P e tty , J . P . ) , th e P r e s id e n t of D erby C ham ber of Comm erce (M r. Cecil M u rra y , M .I.M e c h .E ), an d th e P rin c ip a l of D erb y T ech
nical College (D r. W . A. R ic h a rd s o n , O .B .E ., B .A ., D .S c., B .S c .(E n g .), F .G .S .), who w ere in tro d u c e d to th e m e e tin g by M r. H . W in te rto n (R e tirin g P resident)..
Th e Wo r s h ip f u l t h e Ma y o r o f De r b y assu red th e m em bers an d v isito rs t h a t i t was a p riv ileg e, in h e r ca p a c ity as th e chief citiz e n of D erb y , to e x te n d to th e m a h e a rty official welcome.
A lthough D erby d id n o t claim to be th e oldest B orough in E n g la n d , i t w as p ro u d of th e f a c t t h a t i t was considered a B orough even 1,000 y ears ago. I n d u s tr ia l people who h ad lived th e re h a d been pioneers in m an y ways. The first fa c to ry in E n g la n d w as b u ilt n e a r th e D erw en t, w here th e e le c tric ity w orks now sta n d . D erby h a d played a n im p o rta n t p a r t in th e developm ent of silk w eaving. T h a t process h ad been a secret w hich I ta ly h a d very wisely secured from China' an d h ad c a re fu lly re ta in e d fo r m any y e a rs ; b u t J o h n L oan, of D erby, h a d successfully e n te re d in to com petiticyi in th e w eav
in g of silk. T h ere w ere some m ost w onderful
ex am p les of w ro u g h t ironw ork in D erby, p a r
tic u la rly in th e C a th e d ra l, of w hich th e C ity was ju s tly p ro u d ; i t was hoped t h a t m any of th e w o n d erfu l pieces of ironw ork in v ario u s public places in D erby w ould ev en tu a lly find th e ir w ay in to th e safe care of th e m u n icip al a u th o ritie s .
C om m enting u pon th e f a c t t h a t re p re se n ta tiv e s of m an y c o u n trie s w ere a tte n d in g th e I n s t i t u t e ’s
C om m enting u pon th e f a c t t h a t re p re se n ta tiv e s of m an y c o u n trie s w ere a tte n d in g th e I n s t i t u t e ’s