Open water series of a contrallable pitch propeller with varying number of blades

(1)

T 45 - 932

NAVY DEPARTMENT

ThE DAVID W. TAYLOR MODEL BASIN

WASHINGTON 7, D.C.

cc'i

,

6*."

OPEN WATER TEST SERIES OF A

CONTROLLABLE PITCH PROPELLER WITH

VARYING NUMBER OF BLADES

By

William B Morgan

(2)

INTRODUCT ION

A series of open water propeller tests was conducted

with an adjustable pitch propeller with 2,

3, +,

and 6 blades. The faired coefficient curves of thrust, torque, and efficiency are presented with the propeller design. An example is given

in the appendix to illustrate the use of the curves in selecting the optimum propeller for a given set of conditions.

PROEDtJF AND PBESETATION OF RESULTS

The propeller used for these tests was a model of the 14._

bladed controllable pitch propeller designed for th TJSS

GRENADIER (SS25) (Figure 1 and Table l). To obtain tests on a varying number of blades, three hubs and six Identical blades

were manufactured. One hub was designed for two and four blades,

another for three and six blades and the third for five blades. Pitch was varied by turning the blades about their radial axes

and was set by means of a template. Table 2 gives the

propeller pitch ratios at 0.7 radIus, for the different test conditions.

All the tests were conducted at the David Taylor Model Basin In open water on the ₃₅ HP dynamometer, with the

centerline of the shaft submerged feet. Drag and. torque

of the dummy hub were measured so that the thrust and torcue of the propeller could be corrected for the effect of the hub.

The tests were run at constant RPM, for each pitch setting, and at various speeds of advance so that the Reynolds number would

have a rninimur' of variation throughout each test. The RPM and

speed were determined to give the highest Reynolds number within the limits of the dynan'ometer.

The values of thrust, torque, RPM and speed are put in the form of non-dimensional coefficients. The coefficients chosen are of the conventional K-J system:

Thrust coefficient Kt = T/pn2D

Torque coefficient Kq = Q/pn2D5

Speed coefficient J

Propeller efficiency e = TV0/2wQn KtJ/2irlq

T Propeller thrust

(3)

- Speed of advance

Diameter of propeller

n Revolutions per unit time

p

: density of water

Test results for positive pitch settings are presented

in Figures 2,

3, +,

and 6. These results are plotted so

that all the pitch ratlos for a given number of blades are

on the saifle Figure. Negative pitch tests were run using the four bladed propeller and are shown in Figure

_7.

It should be floted that since all the blades are

identical, the expanded area of each propeller is dependent

on the number of blades. Thus, when considering the problem

of an optimum propeller, factors such as stress and cavitation which are depende't on the area, must be considered as well as the efficiency (see the Appendix).

(4)

r/R

0.

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.95 TABLE i

MAIN DTh1ETSIONS OF 3LADE

Chord

Thickness

Per cent

of Dia.

Per cent of Dia.

0.2150 0.2613 0. 2932 0.309]. 0.3115 0.291+2 0.21+56 0.2037 TABLE 2 TESTS C0NDÍJCT

P/D (Pitch Rat io)

of

Blades

0.1+5e o.71+a

0.897 o.87.

2

x

3 x

x

1+ _X _X _X _X _X

S X X X

6 x

x

The four bladed propeller was also tested with

negative

pitch

ratios of 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.1.

3

0.02623 0.02201 0.01807 o.oi1+81+ 0.01126 0.00836 0.00568 0.001+39

(5)

APPENDIX

In order to show how the curves presented in this report may be used, an example is given:

Assume the following design conditions:

= 17 imots

ehp 195'O

rpm 360

Thrust deduction t = 0,08

Wake fraction = w. = 0.17

Determine the diameter, pitch end number of blades to obtain the maximum efficiency.

First the thrust that must be developed by the propeller is determined and then the speed of advance.

T = 316.8 ehp/V5(1 - t) 39,5'OO lbs.

speed of advance

V(i

_- _wt)(l.689) 23.83 f ps.

To find the optimum diameter the following coefficient is used:

Kt Kt/3 Tn2/pV0'+ = 2.305

This coefficient ascertains the parabola Kt

_.2.305

J1 j

the K+ - J plot, Figure 1. Each point of this parabola

determines a propeller of + blades which satisfies the given conditions, the differences between these propellers are in

efficiency, diameter, and pitch. To find the one of greatest

efficiency, lines of constant efficiency are drawji on the Kt - J

plot and also several parabolas, Kt (constant)J. The points at which the parabolas are tangent to the lines of constant efficiency determine the curve "emax". On this curve, the maximum efficiency for any value of £tn Is obtained.

For the example, the parabola Kt - 2.30 crosses the

curve "em" at J

0.+98. At this point, the pitch ratio amounts to 0.765 and the efficiency to 0.605. From these

(6)

D a V0i'Jn * 7.976 ft.

P = (P/D)D = 6.10

ft.

The same process is carried out for each number of blades and the following table is obtained:

N'uznber

of D P eff.

Blades, t.

The two bladed propeller has the highest efficiency, but it also has the largest diameter, the greatest stress,

arid the smallest blade area. These facts must be taken into

consideration before a final design can be selected.

5. 2

8.65 _6.055

_0.65

_0.700

8.20?

6.i8

3.62 _0.753

7.976

6.10

0.605

0.765

5

7.773

6.20

0.59 _0.798

6

7.222

6.61 _0.55

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.065 _0.95 _1.90 SPEED COFFFIWNT .1

CHARACTERISTIC CURVES

0F PROPELLER 3227

TESTED FOR BUSHIPS

DESIGNED BY NORFOLK NAVAL..

SHIPYARC

BUSHIPS DRAWING SS525

- S4400-%2058

NUMBER 0F BLADES

2

EXP AREA RATIO

0.250

MWR

0.273 BTF

VAR.

p-d (at 0.7R)

o. $065 DESIGN DIAMETER $4.553 IN.

'

PITCH (at O.7R)

11.742 IN. DESIGP ROTATION R.H.

TEST RPM

1200-1600 TEST V0

2.9 TO 5.6 KNOTS

REYNOLDS THRUST COEFFICIENT, TORQUE COEFFICIENT, Kq5nQd5 SPEED COEFFICIENT1 J'-- EFFICIENCY, e.2T

.-ix-.-n

Kq

2ii-T 2ii-THRUS2ii-T Q TORQUE n

REVOLUTtONS PER UNIT TIME

VoSPEED OF ADVANCE y

KINEMATIC VISCOSITY

d

DIAMETER

p rPITCH pDENSITY OF WATER

29 MAY 953

DAVID W. TAYLOR MODEL BASIN

WASHiNGTON, D C

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BACK

DRIVING

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OF PROPELLER

3227

TESTED FOR BUSHIPS

DESIGNED BY NORFOLK NAVAL SHIPYA BUSHIPS DWG. SS525 S4400 962058

NUMBER OF BLADES

4

EXP AREA RATIO

0.500 MWR 0.273 B T F VARIABLE

pd (ATO.7R)

0.8065 (DESIGN) DIAMETER

14.55fINS.

PITCH (ATO.7R) II.7421NS.(DESIGN) ROTATION R.H.

TEST n,

SEE TABLE

TEST V0, SEE TABLE

b2 /Vc4Q.7vnd)

REYNOLDS NOR1. THRUST COEFFICIENT, (th TORQUE COEFFICIENT, Kqi SPEED COEFFICIENT, J.-- EFFICIENCY, e.2.Y3..4x .L- T u THRUST Q u TORQUE n uRV0LUT)ØNS PER UNIT TIME VcSPEED OF ADVANCE r ' KINEMATIC VISCOSITY d . DIAMETER p 'PITCH p.DENSITY OF WATER

28 SEPT. 954

DAVID W. TAYLOR MODEL BASIN

WASHINGTON, D C FIG. 7 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1

12

PIO (AT OiR)

O. -0.3

-0.6

-0.9 -1.1 J 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.6 0.8

RexO6

1.95 1.95 1.99 2.01 2.06

(14)

INITIAL DISTRIBUTION

Copies

12 _{Chief, BuShips, Library (Code 312)}

5 TechnIcal Library

i Tech Asst to Chief of Bureau _{(Code 106)}

i Prelim Des (Code 1+20) 1 Machinery Des (Code 1+30)

i Performance and Scientific (Code ₁₊₃₆₎

3 Propellers and Shafting (Code

5+)

2 Chief, BuOrd

i Library (Code AD3) 1 (Code Re6a)

1 SUPT, USN Postgraduate School, Monterey, _Cal.

i SUPT, US Naval Academy, Annapolis, Md.

i DIR, Tech Dey Div, U.S. Maritime Admn

i _{Chief, Marine Div, Corps of Engineers,} _Phila.

Dist, Philadelphia, Pa.

i _{CO, TransportatIon Res and Dey Command,}

Fort Eustis, Va.

i _{Gibbs arid Cox, Inc., New York, N.Y.}

i _{Head, Dept of Nay Arch and Marine Engin,} _MIT

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