312 R. TAUBENSCHLAG
Ε. G e n z m e r , Zum Verhältnis von Rechtsgeschichte und Rechtsver-gleichung (Archiv f. Rechts- u. Sozialphilosophie XLI, 3 [1955] 326—347).
In this impressive and very interesting study the most valuable for a historian of law are the author's considerations about the comparative law in the ancient states. The philosophical specula-tions of Plato over the Ideal State rely upon the comparative study of the positive legislation of the poleis. The Politics of Aristotle investigates the state forms on the basis of the penetrating state-ments concerning the constitutions of particular city-states. The preserved fragment of Theophrastus concerning sale shows but a little of the comparative presentation of the Greek private law. Earlier still the Greeks began to practice comparison of law. The laws of Cherondas and Zeleukos, the Attic law on murder and others were totally or partly taken over by other Greek cities, because they were considered better than their own laws. The ap-plied comparative law may be observed in the early times of the Roman Republic: the ius gentium has to some extent evolved from the applied comparative law.
L. Gernet, Droit et société dans la Grèce ancienne (Publications de l'Institut de Droit romain de l'Université de Paris, 13; 1955) 243 pp.
This book contains a collection of studies published by the author in different periodicals. They concern following matters: Myths and legends; the designation of the murderer; the law of Gortyna; the diamartyria — the archaic procedure of the Athenian law; public arbitration in Athens; Solon's law on testaments; the aspects of the Athenian law of slavery; the commercial actions in the Athenian law; the right of purchase and the notion of contract in Greece; the contractual obligations in the Greek law.
Also the author makes use of the papyri which fact enhances the value of his book.
S. R i c c o b o n o jr., Das römische Reichsrecht und der Gnomon des Idios Logos (Gastvorlesung an der Universität Erlangen) Erlangen 1957, 41 pp.
SURVEY OF LITERATURE 313
This interesting lecture consists of t h r e e c h a p t e r s . The f i r s t c h a p t e r deals w i t h t h e p r o b l e m of ius novum in t h e imperial epoch of R o m e , t h e second w i t h t h e Gnomons in t h e light of t h e R o m a n political a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , a n d t h e t h i r d w i t h t h e Gnomon a n d t h e p r o b l e m of t h e reception of R o m a n law in E g y p t . E x a m i n i n g t h i s p r o b l e m t h e a u t h o r discusses t h e f a c t o r s which generally suppor-ted t h i s process. A m o n g these f a c t o r s t h e a u t h o r reckons especially the R o m a n citizens, consisting of t h e R o m a n , v e t e r a n s , colonists, m e r c h a n t s a n d t h e staff of t h e R o m a n provincial officials, who applied R o m a n law in their m u t u a l relations.
J . W a l t e r J o n e s , The Law and Legal Theory of the Greeks (1956).
This book approaches t h e law of t h e Greeks in its more general aspects as a necessary element in t h e m a k e - u p of t h e city. I t dis-cusses w h a t t h e Greeks t h o u g h t a b o u t t h e f u n c t i o n of law a n d its relation a n d t h e order of n a t u r e ; a n d h o w f a r their legal t h o u g h t was influenced b y t h e ideas of equality, solidarity, etc. There are c h a p t e r s on t h e s a n c t i t y ascribed t o t h e a n c e s t r a l laws, a n d on t h e t r e a t m e n t of t h e law in t h e popular courts. T h e n such special to-pics as Greek associations, marriage, t h e f a m i l y , c o n t r a c t , p r o p e r t y , t h e m e n t a l f a c t o r in wrong-doing, are reviewed in t u r n , a n d t h e book ends w i t h a s k e t c h of t h e f o r t u n e s of Greek rules among t h e b a r b a r i a n s . T h e a u t h o r makes also use of t h e p a p y r i a n d thee b o o k will therefore i n t e r e s t also t h e papyrologists (cf. p . 134, 136, 164, 178, 202, 210, 211, 221 etc.).
E. S c h ö n b a u e r , Untersuchungen über die Rechtsentwicklung in der Kaiserzeit (JJP 9—10 [1956] 15—96).
S. R i c c o b o n o J r . , Profile storico del diritto romano (1955) 528 p p .
This excellent work, although dealing w i t h t h e h i s t o r y of Ro-m a n law, will also be of i n t e r e s t for s t u d e n t s of ancient law a n d papyrology. N o t e w o r t h y is especially t h e c h a p t e r concerning t h e position of t h e R o m a n law in t h e h i s t o r y of ancient laws (p. 10 ff.) a n d t h e rich l i t e r a t u r e quoted in t h e notes on p p . 4, 5.
