Sixteenth-Century Rare Books on and by English Recusant in the Libraries of Kraków

Clarinda E. Calma

Sixteenth-Century Rare Books on and

by English Recusant in the Libraries

of Kraków

Kultura i Polityka : zeszyty naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Europejskiej im. ks. Józefa Tischnera w Krakowie nr 10, 154-162

SIXTEENTH CENTURY RARE BOOKS ON AND

BY ENGLISH RECUSANTS IN TH E LIBRARIES OF

KRAKOW

Abstract

In th e y ears 1581 - 1603, th e E lizab eth an g o v ern m en t im posed s tric t ru les of p rin tin g cen so rsh ip by co n tro llin g th e p rin tin g in d u stry a n d c irc u la tio n of books w ritte n by E nglish R ecusants, h en ce n o t in c o n so n an ce w ith th e p olitical views of th e g o v ern m en t in pow er. P rin tin g a n d c irc u la tio n of th e se books w as m ad e p o ssib le in o th e r c o u n trie s a n d still av ailab le in lib ra rie s in K raków , th a n k s to e ig h te e n th a n d n in e te e n th c e n tu ry Polish b ib lio p h iles. This a rtic le a tte m p ts at p roviding a survey of th e r a r e books available in K raków by describ in g th e p r o ­ v e n an ce of selected sixteenth ce n tu ry books. T hanks to th e p re sen ce of th e se b o ­ oks in K rak o w ’s lib rarie s w e a re able th e re fo re to re c o n s tru c t a n d co m p lete this m issing c h a p te r in th e h isto ry of six teen th ce n tu ry E lizab eth an b o o k p u b lic atio n an d circu latio n .

Keywords:

E nglish re cu san ts, r a r e books, h isto ry of cen so rsh ip , E lizab eth an E n g lan d

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If, as Ludw ig W ittgenstein w rites in his T ractatu s Logico- Philoso- p h icus, th e lim its of o n e’s lan g uag e is th e lim it of o n e’s w orld, one co ­ u ld v en tu re to su p p o se th a t in lim iting th e m ean s by w h ich lan g u ag e is tra n s m itte d - b e it in th e sp o k en o r w ritte n fo rm w o u ld n atu ra lly en tail th e lim iting of o n e ’s w orld. The conscious a n d w ell-o rch estra- te d atte m p t a t delim iting o n e’s w o rld is best exem plified by various a t­ te m p ts of cen so rsh ip th a t h u m a n h isto ry h as know n. F or cen su rin g th e language, w ritte n o r spoken, is in a ce rta in resp ect a m ean s to

de-+ Clarinda Calma currently w orks as assistant professor a t Tischner E u ro p ean University in K ra­

kow. S h e h a s p u b lish ed a rtic le s in six tee n th c e n tu ry m eta p h y sica l p ro s e a n d p o e try p a rtic u la r­ ly o n th e w o rk s of R o b ert S o u th w ell a n d Jo h n D onne. At th e m o m e n t sh e is c u rre n tly c o n d u c t­ ing re s e a rc h o n six tee n th c en tu ry sub v ersiv e p u b lish in g in E arly M o d e rn E n g la n d a n d Poland.

A SIX T E EN TH C E N T U R Y RARE BOOKS ON A N D BY E N C LIS H RECUSANTS.

lim it th e w o rld conveyed by a given lan g u ag e a n d co n seq u en tly th e m essage o r tru th tra n sm itte d th ro u g h it. The E lizabeth an gov ern m en t a n d its p re ss c e n so rsh ip m o st stric tly e n fo rced in th e y ears 1581 —

1603, can b e in te rp re te d as a m ean s to consciously c re a te a ce rta in d e sire d E n g lish w o rld by th e co n scio u s c o n tro l a n d su p p re ssio n of w h a t could be publicly said o r p rinted . Yet, ironically w h a t in E n g lan d w as subject to cen so rsh ip a n d co n tro l w as n o t necessarily so elsew he­ re. H ence d esp ite th e a tte m p t of c rea tin g a m o n o lith ic im ag e of E n ­ g lan d th ro u g h p ress control, could easily b e q u estio n ed a n d even d e­ b u n k ed in places w h e re no su ch co n tro l existed. An a tte m p t th e re fo re to re c o n stru c t a different E lizab eth an E n g lan d by m eans of exploring th e relics of th e p erio d in th e fo rm of w orks p rin te d a b ro a d m ay help in crea tin g a n o th e r p ic tu re of E n g lan d of th e tim e. And su rp risin g ly eno ug h, it is in a c o u n try su c h as P oland, th ro u g h th e p re s e n c e of p rin te d w o rks of alm ost fo rgo tten E lizab eth an s th a t w e a re able to - a t least p artia lly - c o n stru c t a different T udor E ngland.

Polish in te rest in th e p lig h t of E nglish R ecusants even to d ay is p e r­ hap s one of th e relics of th e Anglo-Polish religious relatio n s th a t dates to th e tim es of th e R eform ation. In an article en titled “R ecusants an d Jaco b ites” p u b lish ed in th e A utum n 2007 issue of “C h ristian itas,” p o ­ litician a n d p re sid e n tial can d id ate in th e previous elections M arek J u ­ rek w rites th a t “th a n k s to th e fact th a t n e ith e r P oland n o r E ng lan d , n ev er e x p erien c ed th e E n lig h te n e d ab so lu tism of F ra n c e a n d Italy, C atholics in th e se cou ntries have alw ays fostered a [...] deep resp ect for th e freed o m of conscien ce w h ich is b est exem plified in th e d e te r­ m in a tio n to c o u n te ra tta c k th e tw o la rg e st b a rb a ritie s of o u r tim es, C om m unism a n d N azism ” (Jurek 102). And indeed, it is p e rh a p s th a t love for liberty in c a rn a te d in th e p re sen ce of resistan ce to any fo rm of absolute p o w er sh a re d by th e se tw o cou ntries w h ich in different tim es in sp ire d th e n eed fo r th e fre ed o m of speech , esp ecially in tim es of cen so red p u blication.

My p e rso n a l jo u rn e y into th e Polish in terest in E nglish recu san cy first b eg an by th e acc id en tal discovery of a cu rio u s book, “O k ru cień ­ stw o K arcyskie.” A copy of th is book is fo und in O ssolineum L ibrary in W roclaw belongs to th e o rig in al lib rary of Jozef O ssoliński w h ich u sed to b e in Lwów, as th e call n u m b e r w ritte n in b lu e p en cil is in th e h a n d of S am u el Linde, O ssolihski’s lib rarian . Its p ro v en an c e betray s an e arlier owner, a certain, M arcus Rem iligius as th e seventeenth cen­ tu ry h a n d th a t inform s us at th e b ack cover of th e book. The book sp e­ aks of th e story, am ong o th e r things, of th e late p ersecu tio n of c ertain E n g lish C atholics su c h as A lexander B ry an t a n d E d m u n d C am pion, w h ich took p la ce only a y ea r e a rlie r th a n th e p rin tin g of th e book in

D ecem b er 1581. And as th e title inform s, th e book has b een tr a n s la ­ te d into Polish fro m th e text of “one of th e E nglish n a tio n .”

A ro u g h survey of th e larg est lib raries in K rakow does d e m o n stra ­ te th e longstanding Polish in terest in th e plig h t of C atholics in th e B ri­ tish Isles. This p a p e r aim s to p ro v id e a survey of som e six teen th cen ­ tu r y r a r e b o o k s th a t in o n e w ay o r a n o th e r p e r ta in to E n g lish R ecu san ts th a t fo rm p a r t of th e h oldings of th e so m e of lib ra rie s in K rakow. This list, as I a m aw are, is n o t a t all exhaustive. In fact tw o of th e la rg e st lib raries have b een surveyed, th e Jag iello n ian L ib rary a n d th e C zartoryski Library. The story of re c u sa n t bibliophile is very m u ch in tertw in e d w ith th e history of th e Jesuits in Poland. A lthough som e of th e books w ere d o n ated th ro u g h by vario u s theologians, p r ie ­ sts a n d acad em ics of th e tim e, m o st of th e books c u rren tly o w ned by th e Jag iello n ian U niversity L ib rary w ere a cq u ired afte r th e su p p re s ­ sion of th e Society of Jesus in P oland in 1773. P arts of th e fo rm er J e ­ su it holdings th o u g h w ere la te r acq u ired by th e C zartoryski Library, as A dam Czartoryski, th e fo u n d er of th is lib rary w as n o t only a m e m ­ b e r of a S p ecial C om m ission of th e B o ard of E d u c a tio n th a t w as to a d m in iste r th e goods of th e Jesuits afte r th e sup p ressio n , he w as like­ w ise one of th e p a tro n s of th e fo rm er Jesu it U niversity estab lish ed in

1579, th e A cadem y of Vilnius.

In te re st in th e p lig h t E liz a b e th a n re c u sa n ts w as first fo stered by C ard in al S tan islau s H osius, th e Polish legate to th e Council of Trent. W hile in R om e a n d in Padua, H osius b efrie n d ed th e E nglish Jesuits, su c h as th e ap o lo g ist N ich o las S a n d e rs a n d p o e t a n d p h ilo so p h er, A lan Cope. In his le tters, H o siu s’ s e c re ta ry a t o n e p o in t, w rite s of “S an d ers a n d Cope com ing to see th e C ard in al,” a n d how “C ard in al w as g reatly sa d d e n e d by th e sto ries to ld of how th e C atholics in E n ­ g lan d h ad su ffered ” (Z dworu: 1992 140) The sp re a d of th e P ro testa n t d o ctrin e especially am o n g st th e nobility in Poland w as som ething th a t d is tu rb e d th e C ard in al a n d he so u g h t w ays to c o u n te ra c t its in c re ­ asin g influence. T h ough th e exact d a te is yet to b e estab lish ed , it is c e rta in th a t S an d ers cam e to Poland to w itness th e beginnings of th e C o u n te rre fo rm atio n m ovem ent. In his book, “De Visibili M o n arch ia E cclesiae” a theo lo g ical tre a tise of eight books, S an d ers n o t only d e ­ d icates th e book to th e C ard in al b u t in his p reface likew ise th a n k s Po­ les for th e ir hospitality. T h ree beautifully le a th e r b o u n d ed editions of th is en orm o u s book can b e cu rren tly fo und in th e Jag iello n ian L ib ra­ ry, th e 1571 Louvain edition, th e 1578 A ntw erp E dition a n d finally th e 1592 W urzberg Edition. The ow ners of th ese books can pro v id e a clue to th is b o o k ’s re a d e rs. The L o uv ain ed itio n, as th e p ro v e n a n c e in ­ form s us first b elonged to Collegium M aius Library, th e oldest existing

A SIX T EEN TH CE N T U R Y RARE BOOKS ON A N D BY E N C LIS H RECUSANTS.

college of th e Jag iello n ian University. The A ntw erp editio n w as d o n a ­ te d in 1591 to th e un iv ersity by th e ren aissan c e p h ilo so p h e r a n d d o ­ c to r of th e A cadem y of K raków , E ra sm u s M arcinkow ski of Tarnów. W hilst th e W urzburg ed itio n of 1592 exists in th re e copies a t th e J a ­ giellonian Library. O ne copy w as n o t acq u ired by th e university u n til

1953. It first b elo n g ed to th e collectio n of H iero n im Pow odow ski of Łódź, w ho w as a t one p o in t C anon of P oznan an d la te r K raków a n d served as secretary a n d royal p re a c h e r to th e co u rt of th e Polish King, S tep h a n Bathory. This sam e edition cam e into th e possession of Joan- nus Fraczkow ic, th e p a ris h p rie st of S t L e o n a rd ’s C h urch (w hich no lon g er exitsts) b efore form ing p a r t of th e collection of th e C onvent of A ugustine Fathers, C hu rch of St C ath erin e of A lexandria in K rak o w ’s Jew ish tow n, K azim ierz. A n o th er of S a n d e rs ’s books th a t can be fo­ u n d in th e Jag iello n ian L ib rary is “De Iu stificatione C o ntra Colloqu­ iu m A lten b u rg en se” p u b lish ed in 1585 a n d o w ned by a ce rta in P iotr Kopeć, w ho h ad likew ise m ad e o th e r significant co n trib u tio n s to th e library. A nother book by S an d ers can b e found in th e C zartoryski’s Li­ brary. This book entitled “De O rigine Ac Progessu Schism atis Anglica- n i” first p rin te d in C ologne in 1585 a n d la te r in O lica (in to d a y ’s Li­ th u a n ia ) a n d p u b lish ed in 1690 w as tra n s la te d into Polish by a Polish Jesu it a n d p u b lish ed in S an d o m ierz in 1755.

A n o th er in tere stin g bo ok th a t o n ce b elon g ed to th e Jesu it p ro fes­ s o rs ’ lib rary of th e C h u rch of St. B a rb a ra is W illiam Allen’s books en ­ title d “Regii S a c ra e Theologia P rofessoris in A cadem ia D uacenci Li- b ri T res” p u b lish e d in A ntw erp in th e Office of Jo h n F ow ler in 1576. The C h u rch of S t B a rb a ra w as e n tru sted by King S tep h a n B ath o ry in 1583 to th e Jesuits, th o u g h it originally belo n g ed to th e ju risd ictio n of th e A cadem y of K rakó w to d a y ’s Jag iello n ian U niversity a n d h as for cen tu ries atten d ed to th e G erm an speaking p o p u latio n of th e city. The Jesu it ho use th a t u sed to b e found next to th e C h u rch a n d co n tain ed th e Jesu it p ro fesso rs’ library, w as b u ilt u n d e r th e initiative of th e Po­ lish Jesu it P io tr S karga, w ho along w ith S co ttish Jesuit, R o b ert Aber- com bie sta rte d th e novitiate in Kraków.

Yet, by fa r th e m ost influential of th e E nglish Jesuits w ho cam e to Poland is A rth u r L aw ren ce F aunt son of W illiam F aunt of Foston, Le­ icestersh ire. F aunt atte n d e d M erton College a n d w as co m m itted u n ­ d e r th e tu to rsh ip of Jo hn Potts. U nder th e Potts influence, F aunt is sent to Louvain a n d having a c q u ire d his B ach e lo r of Arts, m oves to M u­ nich to o b tain th e M aster of Arts. L ater he d ep arts for Rom e in 1575 an d is n o m in ated R ead er of Divinity. In 1581, he is sen t to Poznan to th e new ly op en ed Jesu it College. The S tan isław E stre ic h e r B ib lio g ra­ p h y P olonica of 1898, enlists u p to 10 p u b licatio n s w ritte n by F aunt

a n d all still to b e fo und in Poland. His first w ork en titled “A ssertiones rh e to ricae ac p h ilo so p h icae” w as a p u b lish ed version of th e in au g u ra- tio n al lectu re w h ich F aunt delivered a t th e beg in n in g of th e acad em ic y e a r in Poznan. O th er w orks w ere w orks in D ogm atic T heology an d of p a rtic u la r in te re st a re th e p o lem ical th eo lo g ical w orks ad d ress to C alvinist an d L u th e ra n th eo lo g ian s su ch as Antonij S adeelis a n d Da- n el Tossano. Of th e se w o rk s th o u g h , o n e is w o rth m e n tio n in g , “De C ontroversiis in te r o rd in em ecclesiasticu m et sae c u la re m in P olonia” as it w as re p rin te d tw ic e follow ing its first p u b lic a tio n in 1587, in 1592 a n d 1632. In th e all th re e editions F aunt’s text is p rece d ed by th e p re face by th e p a p a l nuncio, A ndrea B o lognetti a n d L au re n tiu s Gri- m alus G osclisius, D ean of th e C ath ed ral of Płock a n d secretary to th e King. Am ong th e issues th a t F aunt w rites in th is w o rk is his defense of th e Society ag ain st th e attacks of ce rta in clergy a n d p ro fesso rs of th e academ y w ho strongly o pposed th e royal d ecree of g ran tin g som e J e ­ suits th eologians th e p ro fesso rsh ip in th e A cadem y of K raków. The la ­ te r editions p e rh a p s p rove th e in te rest in th e su b ject w hile th e in c lu ­ ded texts by B olognetti a n d G oscilisius p e rh a p s d em o n strate th e need to som ehow su p p o rt th e text.

A nother E lizab eth an rec u san t w hose w orks can be fo und in th e Ja- giellonian a n d th e C zartoryski L ib raries is th a t of E d m u n d C am pion. The Jag iello n ian includes as p a r t of its holdings u p to eleven editions of C am p io n ’s “R a tio n e m D ecem , q u ib u s fre tu s c e rta m e n ad v ersiis C ausa F idei” a d d re sse d to th e A cadem ics of O xford a n d C am bridge. A 1584 edition, p rin te d in In g o lsta d t in th e office of D avid S a rto ru s belo n ged to Jaco b u s D ąbrow ski, th e V icar of th e C ath ed ral in K am ie­ niec Podolski a n d la te r p ro fe sso r of th e A cadem y of Kraków. A la ter edition, p rin te d in Vilnius in th e office of N icholas K rzysztof Radziw iłł in th e years b ew een 1583 - 1585 originally belon ged to th e H ouse of Jesu it Professors, a n d th e w h ilst a n o th e r edition, includes p rin te d in P rag u e 1592. O th er editions in clu d e th e K raków ed itio n of 1604, one w h ich fo rm erly belo n ged to th e lib rary of th e C am aldolese M onks of B ielany in K raków a n d th e o th e r b elo n g ed to th e P ro fesso rs’ lib rary of th e A cadem y of Vilnius. The C zartoryski L ib rary holds o th e r w orks by C am pion, “O p era O m n ia ” p rin te d in P aris, in 1648. Aside fro m th a t, tw o Polish tra n sla tio n s of C am pion’s “R ationes D ecem ” b o th p u ­ blish ed in 1584 by th e office of N icholas C h risto p h er Radziw iłł. O ne pu b lish ed in Vilnius in 1584 by N icholaus R adziw iłł w as tra n sla te d by P iotr S k arg a includes a sh o rt bio g rap h y of th e life of C am pion as well. A la te r tra n s la tio n by a c o n v e rt fro m A rianism , G a sp a r W ilkow ski ex pan ded th e p u b licatio n w ith a testim o ny of th e tr a n s la to r ’s co n v er­ sio n w as also p u b lish e d in 1584. O ne is te m p te d to as th e q u estio n

A SIX T EEN TH CE N T U R Y RARE BOOKS ON A N D BY E N C LIS H RECUSANTS.

how did th e ‘R ationes D ecem ’ com e to b e tra n sla te d into Polish so q u ­ ickly? We do know, fro m le tte r th a t th e P apal N u n cio C alig h ari w ho h a d s e n t th e K ing of P oland, S te p h a n B athory, a tex t w ritte n w ith “u tm o st faith a n d p ie ty ” by a n E nglish Jesuit, w h ich th e King h ad re ­ co m m en d ed to b e tra n s la te d as it w o u ld do m u ch good to th e heretics of th is re a lm (M o n u m en ta V aticana 1915, 619 - 621). Ju d g in g fro m th e d ate of th e co rresp o n d en ce s, A pril 21 a n d A pril 29, 1581 th a t is before th e actu al p rin tin g of th e R ationes D ecem in M ay 1581, th e text re fe rre d to m ig h t in all p ro b ab ility b e E d m u n d C am pion’s ‘B ra g ’ o r ‘C hallenge’ w h ich circ u lated only in m a n u sc rip t fo rm a n d w as never m e an t to b e p u b lish e d .1

Yet, a n o th e r book, th is tim e a b eau tifu lly c o p p e r p la te re p lic a of N iccolo C ircig n ian i’s frescoes of th e E nglish College can b e found in th e C zartoryski Library. This book, th e E cclesiae A nglicanae T rophae p rin te d in R om e in 1584 is still b o u n d in an orig in al six teen th c e n tu ­ ry vellum belonged, ag ain as th e p ro v en an c e a n d lib rary notes inform us, to T hom as T reter himself, w ho served as can o n at th e S an ta M aria in T rastevere an d is to w h o m th e book is d ed icated to. Even, th e sc a n ­ ty notes a t th e v erte of th e cover w ritte n by A dam C zartoryski’s lib ra­ ria n K arol Sienkiew icz, co n firm th is as it inform s u s th a t th is book “p e rta in e d to T h om as T reter.” T h o m as Treter, o n ce s e c re ta ry to th e King, queen, A nna Jagiellończyk w as w ell-versed in Latin, G reek a n d H ebrew an d w as also a skilled em blem artist, a n d his ren d itio n of th e Polish Eagle, th e sym bol of Polish Sovereignty is still pop ularly know n as “T re te r’s E a g le .” As a young m an, he h a d a tte n d e d th e Je su it in B ran iew o a n d m u st have h a d as his p rofesso rs th e first g en era tio n of Jesuits, R ob ert A bercom bie, Jam es B osgrave a n d Jo h n Hay.

As this b rief survey has d em o n strated , th e p re se n c e of th e se books in lib rarie s in K raków a re living testim o n ies to th e lively a n d stro n g influence th a t E nglish recu san ts played in v arious intellectual debates of th e perio d. Even m o re in terestin g a re th e p o te n tia l questio n s th a t can b e raised su ch as th o se rela tin g to th e re a d e rsh ip a n d ow nersh ip profile of th ese books. Possible re search in terests w o rth exploring fur­ th e r in clu d e n o t only th e p ro fo u n d in flu en ce of th e se E n glish re c u ­ san ts su ch as W illiam Allen, N icholas S and ers, E d m u n d C am pion an d A rth u r L aw ren ce Faunt, w ho as p ro m in e n t apologists of th e ir tim es

11 a m m o st g ratefu l to G e rard K ilroy fo r th is o b serv atio n , as b o th U rzszu la S z u m sk a (1938) a n d m u c h la te r H en ry k Zins (2002) a rg u e t h a t th e text in q u e stio n w as actu ally th e 'R atio n es De­ c ern .' H ow ever, as D r K ilroy h a s p o in te d o u t, ju d g in g fro m th e d a te s o f th e c o rre sp o n d e n c e s , th is is obviously a n o th e r tex t as it R atio n es w as n o t yet in p rin t. All sc h o lars how ever, as c e rta ­ in t h a t th e tex t re fe rre d to h e re is E d m u n d C a m p io n s.

1 Ó O

certain ly w ere re a d a n d influenced n o t only w ith in th e Jesu it b u t also a c a d e m ic circles as w ell. S a n d e r ’s w o rk s w o u ld likew ise b e w o rth fu rth e r investigating as p e rh a p s m o re evidence of his stay in Poland m ay be found. One particularly interesting topic is of course, Cam pion’s “Rationes D ecem ,” a w o rk directly clearly p o p u la r d uring its day. W hy w as it tra n s la te d into Polish by tw o d ifferent tra n sla to rs? H ow did it influence th e theological d ebate th a t w en t on at th a t tim e? H ow did so m a n y ed itio n s co m e to th e p o sse ssio n of so m an y e m in e n t C raco- vians? These a re ju s t som e of th e re se a rc h q u estion s th a t n eed to be a n sw ered in th e fu rth e r investigation of su ch w orks.

This article has been an attem p t a t providing a description of som e of th e ra re books found in tw o of K raków libraries - th e U niversity L ibra­ ry of th e Jag iello nian U niversity a n d th e C zartoryski Library. It is h o ­ p e d th a t w ith su ch stud ies as these, one m ay c o n trib u te to a g re a te r a p p re c ia tio n n o t only of th e ra r e books fo u n d in th e city of K rakow b u t m o re im p o rtan tly co n trib u te to th e a d eep e r u n d e rsta n d in g of si­ xteenth cen tu ry C ultural history - p articu la rly in th e u n d erstan d in g of th e m ech an ism s of p re ss cen so rsp h ip . It is in d eed ironic, th a t in th e years of 1581 - 1603 th e tim es of m o st rigid cen so rsh ip E n g lan d has ever know n, d id E n g lish m en find allies in th e ir co-relig ion ists e lse­ w h ere, som e th o u sa n d kilom eters away, in th e C om m onw ealth of th e Two N ations of Poland an d th e G reat D uchy of L ithuania.

Works Cited:

P rim a ry Sources:

Jag ie llo n ian L ib rary holdings in K raków

Allen, W illiam . Regii Sacri Thologia Professoris in Academia Duacenci Libri Tres. Antu- erp iae: A pud Io a n n e m Fow lerum , 1576.

C am pion, E d m u n d . Rationes Decern. Vilnius: Ex officina N ich o lai C hristophi R a­ dziw iłł, c a 1583-1585.

E d m u n d i C am p ian i Angli e Soc. Iesu. Decern Rationes. A ntverpiae: A pud C hristo- p h o ru m P lan tin u m , 1631

C am pion, E d m u n d . Rationes Decern. Cracoviae: A n d rea Petricovius, 1605. C am pion, E d m u n d . Rationes Decern. In goldstadt: D avid S arto riu s, 1592.

C am pion, E d m u n d . Dziesięć Wywodów. P io tr S k a rg a (tra n s.) V ilnius: N ich o la s C h risto p h er

R adziw iłł, 1584.

C am pion, E dm und. Dziesięć Mocnych Dowodów. G asp ar W llkow ski (trans.) Vilnius: N icholas C hristopher, 1584.

F au n t A rtu r L aw ren ce. A pologia lib ri su i d e invocation, ac v e n e ra tio n S a n c to ­ ru m , c o n tra falsa D anielis Tossani. C olloniae A grippiane: In officinal B irck- m a n n ic a su m p tib u s A rnoldi Mylij, 1589.

A SIX T EEN TH CE N T U R Y RARE BOOKS ON A N D BY E N C LIS H RECUSANTS.

Sander, Nicholas. De VisibiliiMonarchiaEcdesiae libri oct. Louvain: John Fowler, 1571. S an d er, N ich o las. D e Visibilii Monarchia Ecclesiae Libri VIII. A n tw erp en : Jo h n

Fowler, 1578.

Sander, Nicholas. De Visibilii Monarchia Ecclesiae Libri oct.. Louvain: John Fowler, 1571. S ander, N icholas. D e Visibilii Monarchia Ecclesia Libri VIII. W urzberg: H e in ric h

von A achen, 1592.

S an d er, N ich o las. lustijicanione contra colloquium alteburgense Libri Sex. A ugustae T revirorium : E x cu d eb at E m o n d u s H atotus, 1585.

C zartoryski Library, K raków

Faunt, L aw rence A rthur. Assertiones Rhetoricae A c Philosophicae, Quae Collegio Posna-

niensi Societatis lesu. Poznan: Ex O fficina Io an n is W olrabi, 1582.

Faunt, L aw ren ce A rthur. De controversis inter ordinem ecclesiasticum et saeculorum in

Polonia. C racoviae: A pud O fficinae A ndreae Petricovij: 1632.

C am pion, E d m u n d . Dziesięć Wywodów. P io tr S k a rg a (tra n s.) V ilnius: N ich o las C h risto p h e r R adziw iłł, 1584.

C am pion, E d m u n d . Dziesięć Wywodów. P io tr S k a rg a (tra n s.) V ilnius: N ich o las C h risto p h er

R adziw iłł, 1584.

C am pion, E dm und. Dziesięć Mocnych Dowodów. G asp ar W llkow ski (trans.) Vilnius: N icholas C hristopher, 1584.

C am pion, E d m u n d . Opera Omnia. R o b e rti T u rn eri (ed.) Paris: A pud G a sp e ru m M etras, 1638.

Circigniani, N iccolo.Ecclesiae TropheaeAnglicanae. Romae: B artolom eus Grassi, 1584. Sander, N icholas H istorya o schizm ie albo odszczepieństw ie angielskim . S a n d o ­

m ierz: D ru k a rn ia Jezuitów , 1755.

Sander, N icholas. De origine ac progressu schistmatis Anglicani Libri Tres. Olicae: 1690. O ssolineum L ib rary holdings, W rocław

O krucieństw o K acyrskie w p rzeciw k ath o lik o m w Angliej. s.l. a n d s.m . 1582. S eco n d a ry sources:

Kalinowska, Jadw iga Ambrozja (ed.) Z dworu Stanislaus Hozujsza oraz Listy Stanisława

Reszki do M arcina Kromera 1 5 6 8 -1 5 8 2 . O lsztyn: O śro d e k B a d a ń N au k o w y ch

im . W o jcie ch a K ę trz y ń sk ieg o I T o w arzy stw a N au k o w e g o im . W o jciech a K ętrzyńskiego, 1992

Jurek, M arek. ‘R ekuzanci i ja k o b ic i’ w C hristianitas. 35: 2007, pp. 97-102. Szum ska, U rszula. Anglia IPolska w Epoce Humanizu i Reformacji. Lwów: K sięgarnia

K raw czyńskiego, 1938.

Zins, H enryk. P olskaw o c z a c h A nglików w XIV - XVI w ieków . W ydaw nictw o UMCS: Lublin, 2002.

Monumenta Poloniae Vaticana: Continet I. A . Caligari N untii Apost. in Polonia Epistolas et A cta Tomus IV (1578-1581) Cracoviae: A cadem y of L etters, 1915.

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Clarinda Calma obecnie p ra c u je jak o ad iu n k t w W yższej Szkole E uropejskiej

etafizycz-n ych p is a rz y ta k ic h ja k R o b ert S o u th w ell o ra z Jo h etafizycz-n D oetafizycz-netafizycz-nę. O becetafizycz-nie p ro w ad zi b a d a n ie n t w y d aw n ictw a drugiego obiegu w szesnastow iecznej Anglii i Polsce.

Streszczenie

G ran ice słow a drukow anego: Szesnastow ieczne sta ro d ru k i Angielskich Reku- zan tó w w K rakow skich B ibliotekach

W la ta c h 1581 - 1603, rz ą d K rólow ej Elżbiety I w p ro w ad ził su ro w ą cen z u rę n a d d ziałaln o śc ią dru k arsk ą, k o n tro lu ją c nie tylko całe p rzed sięb io rstw o d ru k a r­ skie, ale ró w n ież obieg druków , o g ran iczając w te n sposób d ru k i n iezgodne z p a ­ n u ją c ą p olityką rządzącego. N ato m iast d ru k i obieg książek zakazan y ch w Anglii był m ożliw y w innych p a ń stw a ch , ja k i w daw nej R zeczpospolitej Polskiej, a w y­ m o w n y m d o w o d em n a to je st fakt, że książki do dziś s ą d o stęp n e w b ibliotekach krakow skich, dzięki o siem n asto w ieczn y m i dziew iętn asto w ieczn y m bibliofilom . A rtykuł te n p ró b u je o p isać sta ro d ru k i angielskich re k u z an tó w z n ajd u jący ch się w ró żn y ch k rak o w sk ich b ib lio tek ach p o p rzez o p isy w an ie p ro w e n ie n c ji w y b ra ­ nych staro d ru k ó w . Dzięki istn ien iu tych książek, m o żn a dzisiaj z re k o n stru o w ać o ra z u z u p e łn ić te n b ra k u ją c y ro z d z ia ł w h isto rii d ru k a rs tw a i o b ieg u k siążek w szesnastow iecznej Anglii.

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