Właściwości materiałów cementowych przy oddziaływaniu zewnętrznego pola elektromagnetycznego

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ρm− ρ ρm+ 2ρ = Va ρm− ρa ρm+ 2ρa ρm ρ ρa Va 103Ohm·m 10Ohm· m Va 1− Vm Vm ρ = ρm3− Vm 2Vm F F = R0 Rw = φ−m R0 Rw φ m

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ρm− ρ ρm+ 2ρ = Va ρm− ρa ρm+ 2ρa ρm ρ ρa Va 103Ohm·m 10Ohm· m Va 1− Vm Vm ρ = ρm3− Vm 2Vm F F = R0 Rw = φ−m R0 Rw φ m F = Aφ−m F φ A F φ

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n ρα (α = 1, n) vα (V ) (∆V ) ∆m α ∆mα n ∑ α=1 ∆mα= ∆m

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∆mα= ∫ (∆V ) ραdV n ∑ α=1 ρα = ρ ρα _(α) ρ x ρ = ρ(x, t) ρα _{= ρ}α_{(x, t), α = 1, n} x t vα d dt ∫ (∆V ) ραdV = ∫ (∆S) ραvαdS + ∫ (∆V ) ραRαdV ρα_vα _(α) (∆S) (∆V ) ρα_Rα (∆V ) ∂ρα ∂t + div ρ α_vα_{= ρ}α_Rα _{α = 1, n} ∂ρ ∂t + div n ∑ α=1 ραvα= 0. n ∑ α=1 Rα = 0

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∆mα = ∫ (∆V ) ραdV n ∑ α=1 ρα= ρ ρα _(α) ρ x ρ = ρ(x, t) ρα _{= ρ}α_{(x, t), α = 1, n} x t vα d dt ∫ (∆V ) ραdV = ∫ (∆S) ραvαdS + ∫ (∆V ) ραRαdV ρα_vα _(α) (∆S) (∆V ) ρα_Rα (∆V ) ∂ρα ∂t + div ρ α_vα _{= ρ}α_Rα _{α = 1, n} ∂ρ ∂t + div n ∑ α=1 ραvα = 0. n ∑ α=1 Rα = 0 w J = ρw = n ∑ α=1 ρvα uα _{= w}_{− v}α ∂ρα ∂t + div ρ α_{w = ρ}α_Rα_{− div J}α _{α = 1, n,} Jα = ραuα (α) ∂ρ ∂t + div J = 0. Jα

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eγ+ eγ− (∆V ) d dt ∫ (∆V ) ραeαdV = ∫ (∆S) ραeαvαdS + ∫ (∆V ) ραeαRαdV, α = γ+ = 1, n1, α = γ− = 1, n2 n1 n2 (∆V ) ∂ραeα ∂t + div(ρ α_eα_vα_{) = ρ}α_eα_Rα_. ∂ρe ∂t + div j = 0 j = j∗+ ρew ρe = ∑n1 γ+=1 ργ+_eγ+₊ ∑n2 γ−=1 ργ−eγ− j∗

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eγ+ eγ− (∆V ) d dt ∫ (∆V ) ραeαdV = ∫ (∆S) ραeαvαdS + ∫ (∆V ) ραeαRαdV, α = γ+ = 1, n1, α = γ− = 1, n2 n1 n2 (∆V ) ∂ραeα ∂t + div(ρ α_eα_vα_{) = ρ}α_eα_Rα_. ∂ρe ∂t + div j = 0 j = j∗+ ρew ρe = ∑n1 γ+=1 ργ+_eγ+₊ ∑n2 γ−=1 ργ−eγ− j∗ ∂ρα_vα i ∂t + (ρ α_vα ivjα− σijα),j = ραfiα+ Piα, σα ij fiα P_iα _∑ α P_iα = 0 f_iα = eαEi ∂ρwi ∂t + (ρwiwj− σij),j = ∑ α ραf_iα σij =∑ α (σα_ij− ρα_uα iuαj) ∂ ∂t [ ρα ( Uα+1 2v α kvkα )] + [ ρα ( Uα+1 2v α kvkα ) v_iα+ q_iα₋ −vαjσji ] ,i = ρ α_vα kfkα+ ραQα+ Eα, Uα q_iα Eα ∑ α Eα _{= 0} ∂ ∂t [ ρ ( U + 1 2wkwk )] + [ ρ ( U + 1 2wkwk ) wi+ qi− wjσji ] ,i = wk ∑ α ραf_kα+ ρQ

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ρU =∑ α ρα(_Uα₊1 2uαkuαk ) ρQ =∑ α ρα_(Qα_{+ f}α kuαk) Qα= J_iαEi+ W ∂ (ρS) ∂t + (ρSwk+ hk),k− ρrS ≥ 0 ρS =∑ α ρα_Sα _h k =∑ α (hα k+ ραSαuαk) ρrS = ∑ α ρα_rα S rαS Sα hα k

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ρU =∑ α ρα(_Uα₊1 2uαkuαk ) ρQ =∑ α ρα_(Qα_{+ f}α kuαk) Qα = J_iαEi+ W ∂ (ρS) ∂t + (ρSwk+ hk),k− ρrS ≥ 0 ρS =∑ α ρα_Sα _h k=∑ α (hα k + ραSαuαk) ρrS = ∑ α ρα_rα S rSα Sα hα k En er gi a Pasmo walencyjne Pasmo wzbronioneE_g Pasmo przewodzenia Eg

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σe E j j = σeE ρ(0) n1 n2 ργ+ ργ− ρ = ρ(0)+ n1 ∑ γ+=1 ργ++ n2 ∑ γ−=1 ργ− ραFα= ραeαE ραeαE = ηvα η vα = uαE jα= ραeαuαE

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σe E j j = σeE ρ(0) n1 n2 ργ+ργ− ρ = ρ(0)+ n1 ∑ γ+=1 ργ++ n2 ∑ γ−=1 ργ− ραFα = ραeαE ραeαE = ηvα η vα= uαE jα = ραeαuαE α j =∑ α jα, j =∑ γ+ ργ+eγ+uγ+E +∑ γ− ργ−eγ−uγ−E eγ+ _eγ− σe= ∑ γ+ ργ+eγ+uγ++∑ γ− ργ−eγ−uγ− σe (W/C)

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(OP C) (RHC) (HAC) (HAC) M Ohm_{· cm} 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 0 30 60 90 120 150

Czas przechowania, dni

M oh m ·c m Cement portlandzki Cement wysokoglinowy K2O 0.12% 13% W/C = 0.4

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(OP C) (RHC) (HAC) (HAC) M Ohm _{· cm} 0.01 0.10 1.00 10.00 0 30 60 90 120 150

Czas przechowania, dni

M oh m ·c m Cement portlandzki Cement wysokoglinowy K2O 0.12% 13% W/C = 0.4 11.7Ohm_{· m} 13.7Ohm· m 335kg/m3 W/C = 0.41

a) beton wysokoalkaliczny b) beton niskoalkaliczny

C3A

C3A

9% 4.9%

C3A

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2 4 6 8 0 300 350 400 450 3 kO hm ·c m W/C=0.5 W/C=0.55 w/c = 0.4 w/c = 0.6

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2 4 6 8 0 300 350 400 450 3 kO hm ·c m W/C=0.5 W/C=0.55 w/c = 0.4 w/c = 0.6 Monfore, 1968) 400 800 1200 1600 0 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 O hm ·c m Cement wysokoalkaliczny 0.60 Cement niskoalkaliczny W/C Hughes, 1985) 2 4 6 8 0 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55 kO hm ·c m Cement 400 kg/m3 0.60 Cement 350 kg/m3 W/C

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W/C = 0.5 kOhm_{· cm} 2 4 6 8 0 3 4 kO hm ·c m W/C=0.5 W/C=0.55 5

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W/C = 0.5 kOhm_{· cm} 2 4 6 8 0 3 4 kO hm ·c m W/C=0.5 W/C=0.55 5 a) beton normalny

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3O hm ·c m Ohm_{· cm} kOhm· cm

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3 O hm ·c m Ohm_{· cm} kOhm· cm

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ω ρ = RA L , A L U I σe= 1 ρ Miernik pr

A

Elektrody L = 150mm a_{× b = 38mm × 30mm}

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ω ρ = RA L , A L U I σe= 1 ρ Miernik pr

A

Elektrody L = 150mm a_{× b = 38mm × 30mm}

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(t < t1)

t2 < t < t3

≈ 20 − −25

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t₁ t₂ t₃

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t₁ t₂ t₃ z upłynniaczem 0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1 10 100 Czas, godz. Pr ze w odno , 1 /Ohm m w/c=0.5 w/c=0.33+plastyfikator w/c=0.3+plastyfikator 0.5 0.33 0.3 wymiana próbka izolowana

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 300 600 900 1200 Cem I 52,5 R I II III IV V Qτ Wτ Qτ = ∫ τ 0 Wτdτ

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0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 300 600 900 1200 Cem I 52,5 R I II III IV V Qτ Wτ Qτ = ∫ τ 0 Wτdτ 0 100 300 500 24 48 72 96 Cem I 52,5 R 400 200 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20 1.40 1.60 1.80 C I 3 2,5R C I 4 2,5R C I 5 2,5R C II B -M (V -LL) 3 2,5R C II B S 32,5 R C II B V 32,5 R C II B S 42,5 N C III A 32,5 N C III A 42,5 N C III B 32,5 N Cem Nr 1 Cem Nr 2

Przewodno pocz tkowa 1/Ohm×m

Przewodno maksymalna 1/Ohm×m

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Cieplo hydratacji J/g 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00 400.00 C I 3 2,5R C I 4 2,5R C I 5 2,5R C II B -M (V -LL) 3 2,5R CII B S 32,5 R C II B V 32,5 R C II B S 42,5 N C III A 32,5 N C III A 42,5 N CIII B 32,5 N Cem Nr 1 Cem Nr 2 Cieplo hydratacji J/g W τ C− S − H AFt CH AFm C3A

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Cieplo hydratacji J/g 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00 400.00 C I 3 2,5R C I 4 2,5R C I 5 2,5R C II B -M (V -LL) 3 2,5R CII B S 32,5 R C II B V 32,5 R C II B S 42,5 N C III A 32,5 N C III A 42,5 N CIII B 32,5 N Cem Nr 1 Cem Nr 2 Cieplo hydratacji J/g W τ C− S − H AFt CH AFm C3A

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