ROCZNIKI HUMANISTYCZNE T o m 6 5 , z e s z y t 7 – 2 0 1 7 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh2017.65.7-10 ɇȺɌȺɅɅə ȽȺɊȾɁȱȿɇɄȺ ɑȺɋɈɉȱɋ “ɍɁȼɕɒɒȺ” 1944 ȽɈȾȺ əɄ ȺɊɏȱȸɇɕ ɊȺɊɕɌɗɌ ɍ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɡɧɚɤɚɦɿɬɚɝɚ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɝɚ ɚɛ’ɹɞɧɚɧɧɹ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” ɛɵɥɿ ɪɨɡɧɵɹ ɱɚɫɵ: ɩɟɪɵɹɞ ɚɤɬɵʆɧɚɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɚɣ ɩɪɚɰɵ ɿ ɱɚɫ ɩɚɤɭɬɚʆ ɡɚ ɹɟ ɞɥɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɫɰɿ ʆɞɡɟɥɶɧɿɤɚʆ. ɇɟɤɚɬɨɪɵɹ ɡ ɜɵɠɵʆɲɵɯ ɩɚɫɥɹ ɫɬɚɥɿɧɫɤɿɯ ɪɷɩɪɷɫɿɹʆ ɩɪɚɡ ɝɚɞɵ, ɭ ɿɧɲɵɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ, ɦɚɪɵɥɿ ɩɪɚ ɚɞɪɚɞɠɷɧɧɟ ɬɚɜɚɪɵɫɬɜɚ. Ⱥɞɧɚʆɥɟɧɧɹ ɧɟ ɚɞɛɵɥɨɫɹ, ɚɥɟ ɩɚɦɹɰɶ ɩɪɚ ɬɨɟ ɪɚɧɟɣɲɚɟ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” ɱɚɫɚɦ ɜɵɹʆɥɹɥɚɫɹ ɧɚɜɚɬ ɭ ɧɚɞɡɜɵɱɚɣ ɬɪɚɝɿɱɧɵɹ ɯɜɿɥɿɧɵ ɠɵɰɰɹ ɤɪɚɿɧɵ. ɇɚ ɜɹɞɨɦɵɦ ɡɞɵɦɤɭ ʆɞɡɟɥɶɧɿɤɚʆ ɪɷɞɚɤɰɵɿ “Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɝɚɡɟɬɵ” ɡ ɩɚɷɬɤɚɣ Ʌɚɪɵɫɚɣ Ƚɟɧɿɸɲ ɭ ɱɷɪɜɟɧɿ 1944 ɝ. ɧɚ ɫɬɚɥɟ ɥɹɠɵɰɶ ɚɫɨɛɧɿɤ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɚ ɩɚɞ ɞɨɛɪɚ ɜɹɞɨɦɚɣ ɧɚɡɜɚɣ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ”. Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɜɵɝɥɹɞ ɹɝɨ ɚɞɪɨɡɧɿɜɚɟɰɰɚ ɚɞ ɬɵɯ, ɲɬɨ ɡɚɯɨʆɜɚɸɰɰɚ ʆ ɚɣɱɵɧɧɵɯ ɤɧɿɝɚɡɛɨɪɚɯ. Ƚɷɬɚɟ „ɿɧɲɚɟ” ɜɵɞɚɧɧɟ ɞɨʆɝɿ ɱɚɫ ɥɿɱɵɥɚɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɱɚɧɵɦ. ɍ ɞɚɜɟɞɧɿɤɭ, ɫɤɥɚɞɡɟɧɵɦ ɋ. ɀɭɦɚɪɚɦ, ɡɝɚɞɜɚɟɰɰɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɤɨɩɿɹ ɬɵɬɭɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɥɿɫɬɚ, ɲɬɨ ɡɚɯɨʆɜɚɟɰɰɚ ʆ ɇɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɪɯɿɜɟ Ɋɷɫɩɭɛɥɿɤɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ1 . Ⱥɞɧɚɤ ɭ 2014 ɝ. ɪɚɡɚɦ ɡ ɞɚɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɿ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤɚ ɘɪɤɿ ȼɿɰɶɛɿɱɚ ɡ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɿɧɫɬɵɬɭɬɚ ɧɚɜɭɤɿ ɿ ɦɚɫɬɚɰɬɜɚ ʆ ɇɶɸ-Ȭɪɤɭ ʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵ ɚɪɯɿʆ-ɦɭɡɟɣ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɿ ɦɚɫɬɚɰɬɜɚ (ɞɚɥɟɣ — ȻȾȺɆɅɆ) ɛɵʆ ɩɟɪɚɞɚɞɡɟɧɵ ɚɫɨɛɧɿɤ ɬɚɝɨ ɫɚɦɚɝɚ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” 1944 ɝ. ȼɿɞɚɰɶ, ɦɟɧɚɜɿɬɚ ɺɧ ɿ ɛɵʆ ɡɚɮɿɤɫɚɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɡɝɚɞɚɧɵɦ ɜɵɲɷɣ ɡɞɵɦɤɭ... Ƚɿɫɬɨɪɵɹ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ʆɧɿɤɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɚ ɡɜɹɡɚɧɚɹ ɡ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɸ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɝɚ ɡɝɭɪɬɚɜɚɧɧɹ, ɚɮɿɰɵɣɧɚ ɡɚɫɧɚɜɚɧɚɝɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɐɷɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɣ Ɋɚɞɚɣ 2 ɥɸɬɚɝɚ 1944 ɝ. ɍ ɫɬɚɬɭɰɟ ɚɪɝɚɧɿɡɚɰɵɿ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɚɡɧɚɱɚɧɚ, ɲɬɨ ɹɧɚ ɦɚɟ ɧɚ ɦɷɰɟ ɫɩɪɵɹɰɶ “ɿɧɬɷɧɫɵʆɧɚɦɭ ɪɚɡɶɜɿɰɶɰɸ ɣ ɩɚɲɵɪɷɧɶɧɸ ɫɹɪɨɞ ɇɚɬɚɥɥɹ Ƚɚɪɞɡɿɟɧɤɚ – Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵ ɚɪɯɿʆ-ɦɭɡɟɣ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɿ ɦɚɫɬɚɰɬɜɚ, ɧɚɦɟɫɧɿɤ ɞɵɪɷɤɬɚɪɚ, e-mail: nhardzijenka@gmail.com 1ɋ. ɀɍɆȺɊɖ , Ɉɤɤɭɩɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɢ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɢ ɜ ɝɨɞɵ ȼɟɥɢɤɨɣ Ɉɬɟɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɵ, Ɇɢɧɫɤ: ȻɟɥɇɂɂȾȺȾ 1996 ɫ. 205.
ɧɚɫɟɥɶɧɿɰɬɜɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɟ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɣ ɧɚɛɥɿɠɷɧɶɧɟ ɹɟ ɞɚ ɷʆɪɚɩɟɣɫɤɚɝɚ ɫɶɜɟɬɚɝɥɹɞɭ”2 . ɍ ɹɤɚɫɰɿ ɚɞɧɚɝɨ ɡ ɧɚɩɪɚɦɤɚʆ ɪɷɚɥɿɡɚɰɵɿ ɩɚɫɬɚʆɥɟɧɚɣ ɦɷɬɵ ɭɞɡɟɥɶɧɿɤɿ ɬɚ-ɜɚɪɵɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɪɚɲɵɥɿ ɜɵɞɚɜɚɰɶ ɭɥɚɫɧɵ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɵ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫ, ɝɚɥɨʆɧɵɦ ɪɷɞɚɤɬɚɪɚɦ ɹɤɨɝɚ ɫɬɚʆ ɛɵɥɵ ɫɹɛɪɚ ɡɝɭɪɬɚɜɚɧɧɹ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤ ɘɪɤɚ ȼɿɰɶɛɿɱ. ȼɚɪɵɹɧɬɵ ɧɚɡɜɵ ɩɪɚɩɚɧɨʆɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɪɨɡɧɵɹ: “Ʉɭɪɝɚɧ”, “ɉɨɤɥɿɱ”, “ɉɚɯɨɞɧɹ”, “ɇɚɫɬɭɩ”, “ȼɟɱɚɜɵ ɡɜɨɧ”, “ȱɫɤɪɵɫɬɵ ɉɪɚɦɟɧɶ”, “Ɂɨɪɧɵ ɲɥɹɯ”, ɚɞɧɚɤ ɧɿɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɵɧɹɬɚɹ. ȱ ɬɚɞɵ ɩɚʆɫɬɚɥɚ ɿɞɷɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɰɶ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” ɿ ɥɿɱɵɰɶ ɹɝɨ ɩɪɚɰɹɝɚɦ ɬɚɝɨ ɪɚɧɟɣɲɚɝɚ, ɥɟɝɟɧɞɚɪɧɚɝɚ, ɲɬɨ ɜɵɞɚɜɚʆɫɹ ʆ 1927-1931 ɝɝ. Ⱥɛɝɪyɧɬɚɜɚɧɧɟ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ɤɪɨɤɭ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɚɞɚɞɡɟɧɚ ɜɚ ʆɫɬɭɩɧɵɦ ɚɪɬɵɤɭɥɟ ɞɚ ɧɨɜɚɝɚ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹ “Ʉɚɥɿ ɡɶɜɿɧɿɰɶ ɡɛɪɨɹ, ɬɚɞɵ ɧɟ ɦɚʆɱɚɰɶ ɦɭɡɵ”: Ɂɚ ɛɚɥɶɲɚɜɿɤɨʆ ɜɚɤɨɥ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɝɚ ɡɝɭɪɬɚɜɚɧɶɧɹ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” ɿ ɹɝɨɧɚɝɚ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɭ ɡ ɚɞɧɨɥɶɤɚɜɚɣ ɧɚɡɜɚɣ ɹɞɧɚɥɚɫɹ ʆɫɺ ɫɚɦɚɟ ɩɚɬɪɵɹɬɵɱɧɚɟ ɿ ɫɚɦɚɟ ɬɚɥɟɧɚɜɿɬɚɟ, ɲɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɦɟɥɚ ɬɚɞɵ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɹ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɚ. Ɂ ɜɵɥɭɱɧɵɦ ɝɟɪɚɿɡɦɚɦ ɡɦɚɝɚɥɿɫɹ ʆɡɜɵɲɷɧɰɵ ɡɚ ɜɨɥɸ ɿ ɲɱɚɫɶɰɟ ɫɜɚɣɝɨ ɧɚɪɨɞɭ. ȼɚɤɨɥ ɤɚɠɧɚɝɚ ɧɭɦɚɪɭ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɭ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” ɠɵɞɚ-ɛɚɥɶɲɚɜɿɰɤɚɹ ɤɪɵɬɵɤɚ ʆɡɶɧɿɦɚɥɚ ɞɡɿɤɿ ɜɷɪɯɚɥ. ɇɚɪɷɲɰɟ, ɧɚ ɞɚɩɚɦɨɝɭ ʆɡɛɪɨɟɧɵɦ ɬɚɤ-ɡɜɚɧɚɣ ɦɚɪɤɫɵɫɰɤɚ-ɥɟɧɿɧɫɤɚɣ ɬɷɨɪɵɹɣ ɤɪɵɬɵɤɚɦ ɩɪɵɣɲɥɿ ʆɡɛɪɨɟɧɵɹ ɦɚɪɤɫɵɫɰɤɚ-ɥɟɧɿɧɫɤɚɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɵɤɚɣ ɱɷɤɿɫɬɵɹ. əɧɵ ɫɚɫɥɚɥɿ ɛɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɩɚɥɨɜɭ ɫɹɛɪɨʆ ɡɝɭɪɬɚɜɚɧɶɧɹ ʆ ɋɿɛɿɪ. ɑɚɫɬɤɚ ɿɯ ɧɟɣɞɡɟ-ɬɚɦ, ɧɚ ɱɭɠɵɧɟ, ɭ ɧɹɜɵɤɚɡɚɧɵɯ ɩɚɤɭɬɚɯ ɡɚɝɿɧɭɥɚ. ɑɚɫɚɩɿɫ ɫɩɵɧɿʆ ɫɜɚɺ ɿɫɧɚɜɚɧɶɧɟ. əɝɨɧɵɹ ɩɚɚɫɨɛɧɿɤɿ ɜɵɤɿɞɜɚɥɿɫɹ ɡ ɩɚɥɿɰɚʆ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵɯ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɬɷɤɚʆ ɿ ɫɩɚɥɶɜɚɥɿɫɹ. Ⱥɥɟ ɧɚɞɬɚ ɞɨɛɪɵɹ ɫɟɣɛɿɬɵ ɛɵɥɿ ʆɡɜɵɲɷɧɰɵ, ɿ ɰɹɩɟɪ ɧɚ ɝɨɧɹɯ Ɇɚɰɿ-Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɝɭɫɬɚ ʆɡɵɯɨɞɡɿɰɶ ɭɡɜɵɲɷɧɫɤɚɹ ɪɭɧɶ3 . Ɍɪɷɛɚ ɚɞɡɧɚɱɵɰɶ, ɲɬɨ ɞɚ ɿɞɷɿ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹ ɧɨɜɚɝɚ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɚ ɫɚ ɫɬɚɪɨɣ ɧɚɡɜɚɣ ɧɟ ʆɫɟ ɞɡɟɹɱɵ-ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɚɪɵ ɩɚɫɬɚɜɿɥɿɫɹ ɩɪɵɯɿɥɶɧɚ. ɍ ɥɿɫɶɰɟ ɞɚ ɩɚɷɬɤɿ ɇɚɬɚɥɥɿ Ⱥɪɫɟɧɧɟɜɚɣ ɚɞ 14.03.1944 ɞɪɭɝɿ ɛɵɥɵ “ɭɡɜɵɲɷɧɟɰ” Ⱥɧɬɨɧ Ⱥɞɚɦɨɜɿɱ ɩɿɫɚʆ: Ɍɚɤ, ɰɹɩɟɪ ɩɪɚ ɬɨɟ “ȸɡɜɵɲɲɚ”. Ʉɚɥɿ ɹ ɩɪɚɱɵɬɚʆ ɝɷɬɚ ʆ ɝɚɡɷɰɟ – ɤɪɨʆ ɭɞɚɪɵɥɚ ɦɧɟ ʆ ɝɚɥɚɜɭ. əɤɚɹ ɩɪɚɮɚɧɚɰɵɹ! “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ”, ɭ ɹɤɿɦ, ɯɨɰɶ ɤɨɥɶɤɚɫɧɚ, ɚ ɝɚɥɨʆɧɚɟ ɦɟɫɰɚ ɡɚɣɦɚɰɶ ɛɭɞɭɰɶ ɜɟɪɲɵ ɐɵɦɛɚɥɶɫɤɚɝɚ4ɿ Ʌɟɛɹɞɵ5ɞɵ ɚɪɬɵɤɭɥɵ – ɭ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɧɚɣɛɨɥɶɲɵ ɠɚɯ! – Ƚɥɵɛɿɧɧɚɝɚ... ə ɡ ɩɚɥɺɝɤɚɸ ʆɡɞɵɯɧɭʆ, ɤɚɥɿ ɩɪɚɱɵɬɚʆ ɭ ȼɚɲɵɯ ɥɿɫɬɚɯ, ɲɬɨ ɝɷɬɚ – ɛɹɡ ȼɚɫ ɿ ɧɚɜɟɬ ɫɭɩɪɨɰɶ ȼɚɫ. Ⱦɵɤ ɯɚɱɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɩɚɞɡɹɤɚɜɚɰɶ ȼɚɦ ɡɚ ȼɚɲɭɸ ɩɚɡɵɰɵɸ ʆ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɩɵɬɚɧɶɧɿ. ɉɷʆɧɚ, ɤɚɛ ɛɵʆ ɹ – ɧɚ ɝɚɥɚɜɭ ɫɬɚʆ ɛɵ, ɤɚɛ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ɧɚɡɨɜɭ ɧɟ ɞɚɩɭɫɶɰɿɰɶ. ɉɪɚɩɚɧɚɜɚɧɵ ȼɚɦɿ “Ⱦɚ ʆɡɜɵɲɲɚʆ” ɛɵʆ ɛɵ ɹɤ ɧɚɣɥɟɩɲɵ
2 Ɂɚ Ⱦɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɭɸ ɇɟɡɚɥɟɠɧɚɫɶɰɶ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ = For national independence of Byelorussia: ɞɚɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɿ ɦɚɬɷɪɵɹɥɵ, ɫɚɛɪɚɧɵɹ ɿ ɩɚɞɪɵɯɬɚɜɚɧɵɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɭɛɥɿɤɚɰɵɿ ȱ. Ʉɚɫɹɤɨɦ, ɩɪɚɝɥɟɞɠɚɧɵɹ ɿ ɚɩɪɚɛɚɜɚɧɵɹ ɞɥɹ ɞɪɭɤɭ ɤɚɦɿɫɿɹɣ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɐɷɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɣ Ɋɚɞɵ ɩɚɞ ɤɿɪɚʆɧɿɰɬɜɚɦ Ɋ. Ⱥɫɬɪɨʆɫɤɚɝɚ. Ʌɺɧɞɚɧ: ɜɵɞ. ȻɐɊ 1960, ɫ. 87. 3 „ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” 1944, no. 1, ɫ. 7. 4ȼɿɞɚɰɶ, Ⱥɧɬɨɧ Ⱥɞɚɦɨɜɿɱ ɡɚɲɵɮɪɚɜɚʆ ɩɚɞ ɿɦɟɦ ɐɵɦɛɚɥɶɫɤɚɝɚ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤɚ ɍɥɚɞɡɿɦɿɪɚ Ⱦɭɞɡɿɰɤɚɝɚ (Ƚɭɰɶɤɭ, 1910–ɩɚɫɥɹ 1976). 5Ɍɨɞɚɪ Ʌɟɛɹɞɚ (ɫɚɩɪ. ɉɹɬɪɨ ɒɵɪɨɤɚʆ, 1914-1970) – ɚʆɬɚɪ ɩɚɷɬɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɡɛɨɪɧɿɤɚ ɉɟɫɧɿ ɜɵɝɧɚɧɧɹ.
ɿ ɞɥɹ ɬɵɯ ɬɪɚɞɵɰɵɹʆ, ɿ ɞɥɹ ɫɶɜɟɞɚɦɚɫɶɰɿ ɫɜɚɣɝɨ ɦɟɫɰɚ ɿ ɫɿɥɵ. ɒɤɨɞɚ, ɲɬɨ ȼɿɰɶɛɿɱ ɚɤɚɡɚʆɫɹ ɬɚɤɿɦ ɧɟɞɚɥɺɤɿɦ (ɰɿ ɝɚɜɨɪɵɰɶ ɺɧ ɭɫɺ ɹɲɱɷ ɩɚ-ɪɚɫɟɣɫɤɭ?). ɒɬɨ ɺɧ ɭɩɚɪɬɵ – ɝɷɬɚ ɧɟ ɛɹɞɚ, ɿ ɦɵ ɠ ɡ ȼɚɦɿ ɚɛɨɟ ɧɹ ɥɟɩɲɵɹ. Ɇɨɠɚ, ɜɚɪɬɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɛ ɦɧɟ ɧɚɩɿɫɚɰɶ ɹɦɭ, ɦɨɠɚ, ɩɚɫɥɭɯɚʆ ɛɵ, ɤɚɛ ɹɲɱɷ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɟ ɩɪɚɮɚɧɚɰɵɿ ɧɟ ɞɚɩɭɫɶɰɿɰɰɚ?6 . Ɍɵɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɲ, ɧɹɝɥɟɞɡɹɱɵ ɧɚ ɫɤɟɩɫɿɫ, ɬɷɤɫɬɵ ɿ ɇɚɬɚɥɥɿ Ⱥɪɫɟɧɧɟɜɚɣ, ɿ Ⱥɧɬɨɧɚ Ⱥɞɚɦɨɜɿɱɚ ʆɜɚɣɲɥɿ ʆ ɩɥɚɧɚɜɚɧɵ ɩɟɪɲɵ ɧɭɦɚɪ ɧɨɜɚɝɚ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɚ. ɉɪɚʆɞɚ, ɜɚɟɧɧɵɹ ɩɚɞɡɟɿ ɧɚ ɬɷɪɵɬɨɪɵɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɿ ɧɟ ɞɚɥɿ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɦɭ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɦɭ ɡɝɭɪɬɚɜɚɧɧɸ ɲɵɪɨɤɚ ɪɚɡɝɚɪɧɭɰɶ ɫɜɚɸ ɞɡɟɣɧɚɫɰɶ, ɚ ɩɟɪɲɵ ɧɭ-ɦɚɪ ɧɟɚ-“ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” ɬɚɤ ɿ ɧɟ ɩɚɫɩɟʆ ɩɚɛɚɱɵɰɶ ɫɜɟɬ. ɇɚɛɥɿɠɷɧɧɟ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɚ-ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɝɚ ɮɪɨɧɬɭ ɫɩɵɧɿɥɚ ɜɵɞɚɜɟɰɤɿ ɩɪɚɰɷɫ. Ⱥɥɟ ɬɨɣ, ɦɚɝɱɵɦɚ, ɚɞɡɿɧɵ, ɛɨ ɤɚɪɷɤɬɭɪɧɵ ɿ ɧɹɩɨʆɧɵ ɚɫɨɛɧɿɤ ɡɚɯɚɜɚʆɫɹ ʆ ɡɛɨɪɚɯ ɹɝɨ ɝɚɥɨʆɧɚɝɚ ɪɷɞɚɤɬɚɪɚ ɘɪɤɿ ȼɿɰɶɛɿɱɚ ɿ ɫɺɧɧɹ ɞɚɟ ɦɚɝɱɵɦɚɫɰɶ ɚɞɧɚɜɿɰɶ ɡɚɩɥɚɧɚɜɚɧɵ ɡɦɟɫɬ ɚɞɧoʆ-ɥɟɧɚɝɚ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” ɿ ʆɹɜɿɰɶ ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚɫɰɿ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɣ ɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɿ ʆ ɱɚɫɵ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɣ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɿ. Ⱥɫɨɛɧɿɤ, ɲɬɨ ɬɪɚɩɿʆ ɭ ȻȾȺɆɅɆ, ɦɚɟ ɮɚɪɦɚɬ 330 ɏ 250 ɦɦ ɿ ʆɹʆɥɹɟ ɫɚɛɨɣ ɧɟ ɩɪɚɲɵɬɵɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɧɤɿ ɩɟɪɲɵɯ ɬɪɨɯ ɫɲɵɬɤɚʆ (48 ɫɬɚɪɨɧɚɤ) ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɩɚɚɫɨɛɧɵɹ ɫɬɚɪɨɧɤɿ ɜɨɤɥɚɞɤɿ. ȼɨɤɥɚɞɤɚ ɿ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɫɰɶ ɫɬɚɪɨɧɚɤ ɩɚɲɤɨɞɠɚɧɵɹ ɝɪɵɛɤɨɦ ɿ ɩɚɬɪɚɛɭɸɰɶ ɫɩɟɰɵɹɥɶɧɚɣ ɚɩɪɚɰɨʆɤɿ. ɇɚ ɜɨɤɥɚɞɰɵ ʆ ɜɟɪɯɧɿɦ ɥɟɜɵɦ ɤɭɰɟ ɩɚɡɧɚɱɚɧɚ: “ʋ 1 Ɍɪɚɜɟɧɶ–ɑɷɪɜɟɧɶ”. ɇɿɠɷɣ ɿɞɡɟ ɧɚɡɜɚ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɚ ɿ ɩɟɪɚɥɿɤ ɩɚɡɿɰɵɣ ɡɦɟɫɬɭ, ɚ ɩɚɞ ɿɦɿ ɩɚɡɧɚɤɚ “1944” ɿ “Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɟ Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɟ Ɂɝɭɪɬɚɜɚɧɶɧɟ”. ɇɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɚɣ ɬɵɬɭɥɶɧɚɣ ɫɬɚɪɨɧɰɵ ɩɚɞ ɧɚɡɜɚɣ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹ ɿɞɡɟ ɩɚɡɧɚɤɚ “ɑȺɋȺɉȱɋ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɿ ɦɚɫɬɚɰɬɜɚ”, ɿ ʆɧɿɡɟ ɡɧɨʆ “Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɟ Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɟ Ɂɝɭɪɬɚɜɚɧɶɧɟ / Ɇɟɧɫɤ–1944”. ɇɚ ɚɞɜɚɪɨɰɟ ɬɵɬɭɥɶɧɚɣ ɫɬɚɪɨɧɤɿ ɩɚɞɚɞɡɟɧɵ ɡɦɟɫɬ ɭɫɹɝɨ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɚ ɡ ɩɚɡɧɚɤɚɣ ɫɬɚɪɨɧɚɤ. Ɂɚɯɚɜɚɧɚɟ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ”, ɜɿɞɚɜɨɱɧɚ, ɛɵɥɨ ɩɪɚɰɨʆɧɵɦ ɜɚɪɵɹɧɬɚɦ, ɩɪɵ-ɡɧɚɱɚɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɪɷɤɬɭɪɵ, ɭ ɡɦɟɫɰɟ ɦɚɸɰɰɚ ɩɚɞɤɪɷɫɥɿɜɚɧɧɿ ɱɵɪɜɨɧɵɦ ɚɥɨʆɤɚɦ. ɉɚɱɵɧɚɟɰɰɚ ɚɫɧɨʆɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɚ ɡ ɰɵɬɚɜɚɧɚɝɚ ʆɠɨ ɜɵɲɷɣ ɪɷɞɚɤɰɵɣ-ɧɚɝɚ ɚɪɬɵɤɭɥɭ ɡɚ ɩɨɞɩɿɫɚɦ “Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ Ʉɭɥɶɬɭɪɪɷɞɚɤɰɵɣ-ɧɚɝɚ Ɂɝɭɪɬɚɜɚɧɶɧɹ”. ȼɚɪɬɚ ɚɞɡɧɚɱɵɰɶ, ɲɬɨ ɜɵɞɚʆɰɵ ɬɭɬ ɫɰɜɹɪɞɠɚɸɰɶ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɩɪɚ ɧɚɹʆɧɚɫɰɶ ɞɚɫɬɚɬ-ɤɨɜɵɯ ɬɜɨɪɱɵɯ ɫɿɥɚʆ ɿ ɤɚɧɤɭɪɷɧɬɧɚɡɞɨɥɶɧɚɫɰɶ ɭ ɚɞɧɨɫɿɧɚɯ ɞɚ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɚɣ ɛɟɥɚ-ɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ: ɇɚɫ ɧɹɲɦɚɬ, ɿ ɭɫɺɠ ɭ ɪɷɞɚɤɰɵɣɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɬɮɷɥɿ ɺɫɶɰɶ ɪɚɦɚɧ, ɩɚɷɦɚ, ɚɩɨɜɟɫɶɰɿ, ɜɟɪɲɵ, ɚɩɚ-ɜɹɞɚɧɶɧɿ, ɧɚɪɵɫɵ, ɚɪɬɵɤɭɥɵ. Ƚɷɬɚ — ɡɪɚɡɭɦɟɥɚɹ ɡɶɹɜɚ, ɛɨ ɫɹɧɶɧɹ, ɧɚɪɷɲɰɟ, ɦɵ ɦɨɠɚɦ ɩɿɫɚɰɶ ɩɪɚ ɥɸɛɨʆ ɞɚ ɫɜɚɟ Ɋɚɞɡɿɦɵ ɿ ɩɪɚ ɧɹɧɚɜɿɫɶɰɶ ɞɚ ɟɣɧɵɯ ɚɞɜɟɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɹɞɥɵɯ ɜɨɪɚɝɚʆ. ɇɚ ɛɚɥɨɧɤɚɯ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɭ ɱɵɬɚɱ ɡɧɨɣɞɡɟ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɬɵɹ ɚɧɬɵɛɚɥɶɲɚɜɿɰɤɿɹ ɬɜɨɪɵ, ɹɤɿɹ ɪɚɧɟɣ ɚɛɨ ɧɟ ɞɚɩɭɲɱɚɥɿɫɹ ɞɚ 6Ⱥ. ȺȾȺɆɈȼȱɑ , Ʌɿɫɬɵ ɞɚ ɇɚɬɚɥɶɥɿ Ⱥɪɫɟɧɶɧɟɜɚɣ 1944-1945 ɝɝ., “Ɂɚɩɿɫɵ ȻȱɇɿɆ” ɇɶɸ-Ȭɪɤ– Ɇɟɧɫɤ 2010, no. 33, ɫ. 137.
ɞɪɭɤɭ, ɚɛɨ ɡɶɧɿɤɚɥɿ ɪɚɡɚɦ ɡ ɚʆɬɚɪɚɦ ɭ ɛɚɥɶɲɚɜɿɰɤɿɯ ɤɚɬɚɜɚɥɶɧɹɯ. ȱ ɧɟ ɩɚɞɥɹɝɚɟ ɧɿɹɤɚɦɭ ɫɭɦɥɟɜɭ, ɲɬɨ, ɤɚɥɿ ʆ ɦɿɪɧɵɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɚɹ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɚ ȻɋɋɊ ɫɤɚɰɿɥɚɫɹ ɚɞ ɲɷɪɚɝɭ ɱɚɫɚɩɿɫɚʆ ɞɚ ɚɞɧɚɝɨ, ɭɛɨɝɚɝɚ ɩɚ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɿ ɩɚ ɡɶɦɟɫɬɭ, ɞɵɤ ɦɵ ʆ ɜɚɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ ɩɚɱɵɧɚɸɱɵ ɚɞ ɚɞɧɚɝɨ ɱɚɫɚɩɿɫɭ, ɧɟʆɡɚɛɚɜɟ ɛɭɞɡɟɦ ɦɟɰɶ ɿɯ ɧɟɤɚɥɶɤɿ. ȱ ɝɷɬɵ ɧɚɲ ɱɚɫɚɩɿɫ ɺɫɶɰɶ ɩɟɪɲɵ ɩɚɞɦɭɪɚɤ ɭ ɫɩɪɚɜɟ ɚɞɪɚɞɠɷɧɶɧɹ ɬɷɣ ɡɚɩɪɚʆɞɵ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɣ ɿ ɡɚɩɪɚʆɞɵ ɦɚɫɬɚɰɤɚɣ ɜɨɥɶɧɚɣ ɜɹɥɿɤɚɣ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɹɤɭɸ, ɩɚɜɨɞɥɟ ɫɥɨʆ ɭɡɜɵɲɷɧɰɚʆ, “ɭɝɥɟɞɡɹɰɶ ɜɹɤɿ ɿ ɧɚɪɨɞɵ”…7 . ɍ ɩɪɚɰɹɝ ɩɪɚɞɦɨɜɵ, ɡɭɫɿɦ ɥɚɝɿɱɧɚ, ɲɬɨ ɧɭɦɚɪ ɚɞɪɨɞɠɚɧɚɝɚ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” ɩɚɱɵɧɚʆɫɹ “Ɍɷɫɬɚɦɚɧɬɚɦ” ɩɚɦɟɪɥɚɝɚ ʆ ɜɵɫɵɥɰɵ ɩɚɷɬɚ-ʆɡɜɵɲɷɧɰɚ ɍɥɚɞɡɿɦɿɪɚ ɀɵɥɤɿ (Ⱥɪɵɝɿɧɚɥ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ɬɜɨɪɭ, ɭɪɚɬɚɜɚɧɵ ɫɹɦ’ɺɣ Ʉɿɩɟɥɹʆ, ɬɪɚɩɿʆ ɭ ȻȾȺɆɅɆ ɚɦɚɥɶ ɚɞɧɚɱɚɫɨɜɚ ɡ ɪɚɡɝɥɹɞɚɧɵɦ ɧɚɦɿ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɚɦ). Ⱦɚɥɟɣ ɜɚ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɵ” ɡɦɟɲɱɚɧɵ ɜɟɪɲɵ ɇɚɬɚɥɥɿ Ⱥɪɫɟɧɧɟɜɚɣ “ȱɦɤɧɿ, ɩɚɷɬ!”, Ʌɚɪɵɫɵ Ƚɟɧɿɸɲ “Ɇɵ ɛɵɥɿ ɿ ɛɭɞɡɟɦ ɤɪɵɜɿɱɚɦɿ” ɿ Ɇɚɫɟɹ ɋɹɞɧɺɜɚ “Ƚɚɪɵɰɶ ɡɹɦɥɹ ɦɚɹ”. ɇɚɫɬɭɩɧa ɿɞɡɟ ɩɟɪɲɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɤɚ ɪɚɦɚɧɚ “Ʉɪɵɜɿɱɵ” ɪɷɩɪɷɫɚɜɚɧɚɝɚ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɶɧɿɤɚ Ɇɿɯɚɫɹ Ɂɚɪɷɰɤɚɝɚ, ɚ ɡɚ ɺɣ ɜɟɪɲɵ: “Ƚɨɞɡɟ!” Ɍɨɞɚɪɚ Ʌɟɛɹɞɵ ɞɵ “ɀɵɜɟ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ! ɀɵɜɟ!” Ɋɵɝɨɪɚ Ʉɪɭɲɵɧɵ. ɍ ɡɚɯɚɜɚɧɵɦ ɚɫɨɛɧɿɤɭ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɚ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɦɨɠɧɚ ɡɧɚɣɫɰɿ ɚɩɨɜɟɫɰɶ ɘɪɤɿ ȼɿɰɶɛɿɱɚ “Ɍɜɨɣ ɩɨɩɟɥ ɝɪɭɤɨɱɚ ɦɧɟ ʆ ɫɷɪɰɚ, Ʉɥɹɚɫ”, ɩɚɷɦɚ ɍɥɚɞɡɿɦɿɪɚ Ⱦɭɞɡɿɰɤɚɝɚ “Ʉɥɹɬɜɚ ɞɭɯɭ” ɿ ɜɟɪɲ ɉɚʆɥɸɤɚ ɋɿɪɚɬɵ “ɉɪɚɤɭɪɨɪ ɩɪɚɡ Ʉɨɞɷɤɫɚ ɚɪɬɵɤɭɥ”. ɇɚ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɬɷɤɫɬ ɚɛɪɵɜɚɟɰɰɚ. Ⱦɚɥɟɣ ɩɚɜɨɞɥɟ ɡɦɟɫɬɭ ɦɟɥɿɫɹ ɛɵɰɶ ɡɦɟɲɱɚɧɵ: ɜɟɪɲɵ Ⱥɥɟɫɹ ɋɚɥɚʆɹ “Ʌɿɞɡɤɚɟ ɡɚɦɱɵɲɱɚ” ɿ “ɉɟɪɚɱɵɬɜɚɸɱɵ “Ʉɚɥɟɜɚɥɭ”” ɞɵ Ⱥ. ɉɪɵɧɰɚ “Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɶ”, ɩɟɪɚɤɥɚɞ ɞɪɚɦɵ Ƚ. Ƚɚʆɩɬɦɚɧɚ “Ɂɚɬɨɧɭɬɵ ɡɜɨɧ”, ɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɵ ɇɚɬɚɥɥɹɣ Ⱥɪɫɟɧɧɟɜɚɣ, ɬɷɤɫɬɵ Ƚ. Ⱥɥɶɝɟɪɞɡɿɱɚ (Ⱥɧɬɨɧɚ Ⱥɞɚ-ɦɨɜɿɱɚ) “ɍɡɜɵɲɷɧɫɬɜɚ ɹɤ ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɿɞɷɹɥɺɝɿɹ”, Ɇɿɤɨɥɵ Ʉɭɥɿɤɨ-ɜɿɱɚ “Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɩɟɫɶɧɹ” ɿ ɍɥɚɞɡɿɦɿɪɚ Ƚɥɵɛɿɧɧɚɝɚ “ɉɺɬɪɚ Ɇɿɪɚɧɨɜɿɱ”. ɇɚ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɷɧɧɿ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɚ ɩɥɚɧɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ “ɏɪɨɧɿɤɚ”. Ɇɨɠɧɚ ɡɚʆɜɚɠɵɰɶ, ɲɬɨ ɡɦɟɫɬ ɧɨɜɚɝɚ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” ɩɚɜɿɧɧɵ ɛɵɥɿ ɫɤɥɚɫɰɿ ɩɟɪɚɜɚɠɧɚ ɚʆɬɚɪɵ, ɹɤɿɹ ɩɪɚɰɹɝɜɚɥɿ ɩɪɚɰɚɜɚɰɶ ɭ ɱɚɫɵ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɣ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɿ, ɚ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɪɷɩɪɷɫɚɜɚɧɵɹ ʆ ȻɋɋɊ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤɿ. ɉɪɵ ɝɷɬɵɦ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɣɧɵ ɤɚɧɬɷɤɫɬ y ɬɜɨɪɚɯ ɚɞɫɭɬɧɿɱɚɟ, ɚ ɚɤɰɷɧɬ ɲɦɚɬ ɞɡɟ ɡɪɨɛɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɵɜɚɯ ɧɚɰɵɹɧɚɥɶɧɚɝɚ ɡɦɚɝɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɚɞɪɚɞɠɷɧɧɹ. ɉɟɪɚɜɚɠɧɚɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɚɫɰɶ ɚʆɬɚɪɚʆ ɧɟɜɵɞɚɞɡɟɧɚɝɚ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɚ ʆ ɬɵɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ 1944 ɝ. ɜɵɟɯɚɥɚ ɧɚ Ɂɚɯɚɞ ɿ ɞɚɥɟɣ ɩɪɚɰɹɝɜɚɥɚ ɫɜɚɸ ɩɪɚɰɭ ɧɚ ɷɦɿɝɪɚɰɵɿ, ɤɭɞɵ ɩɟɪɚɧɟɫɥɚ ɿ ɿɞɷɚɥɵ ɬɚɝɨ ɪɚɧɟɣɲɚɝɚ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ”. ɍ ɬɨɣ ɠɚ ɱɚɫ ɧɚ Ȼɚɰɶɤɚʆɲɱɵɧɟ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɹ ɡɝɭɪɬɚɜɚɧɧɹ ɿ ɬɜɨɪɱɚɫɰɶ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɚɪɚʆ ɿ 1920-1930-ɯ ɝɝ. ɿ ɷɦɿɝɪɚɧɬɚʆ Ⱦɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɭɫɜɟɬɧɚɣ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɚɥɚɫɹ “ɧɹɛɚɱɧɚɣ” ɰɿ ɧɚɜɚɬ ɡɚɛɚɪɨɧɟɧɚɣ ɚɦɚɥɶ ɞɚ ɤɚɧɰɚ 1980-ɯ ɝɝ. 7 “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” 1944, no. 1 ɫ. 8.
ɇɹɝɥɟɞɡɹɱɵ ɧɚ ɬɨɟ, ɲɬɨ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɞɠɚɧɵ ɚɫɨɛɧɿɤ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” ɧɹɩɨʆɧɵ ɿ ɧɟ ɜɟɥɶɦɿ ɞɨɛɪɚ ɡɚɯɚɜɚɧɵ, ɺɧ ɞɚɟ ɦɚɝɱɵɦɚɫɰɶ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɞɚɩɨʆɧɿɰɶ ɿ ʆɞɚɤɥɚɞɧɿɰɶ ɡɜɟɫɬɤɿ ʆ ɚɣɱɵɧɧɚɣ ɛɿɛɥɿɹɝɪɚɮɿɿ, ɚɥɟ ɿ ɞɚɞɚɟ ɧɨɜɵɹ ɮɚɤɬɵ ɞɚ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɛɟɥɚ-ɪɭɫɤɚɝɚ ɩɟɪɵɹɞɵɱɧɚɝɚ ɞɪɭɤɭ ɞɵ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɝɚ ɠɵɰɰɹ ɩɚɞɱɚɫ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɿ.
CZASOPISMO „UZWYSZSZA” 1944 JAKO UNIKAT ARCHIWALNY
S t r e s z c z e n i e
W artykule przedstawiona została historia powstania jedynego znanego dziĞ egzempla-rza czasopisma „Uzwyszsza”, który był przygotowywany do druku w MiĔsku w 1944 roku, w czasie okupacji niemieckiej. Jego inicjatorem było Białoruskie Stowarzyszenie Kulturalne załoĪone w 1944 roku. Głównym redaktorem wydania był pisarz Jurka Wiübicz, były członek stowarzyszenia literackiego „Uzwyszsza”, działającego w BSRR w latach 1926-1931, co wpłynĊło na fakt, Īe odrodzone w czasach okupacji czasopismo literackie takĪe otrzymało nazwĊ „Uzwyszsza” i było postrzegane przez twórców jako kontynuacja tego repre-sjonowanego przez władze radzieckie ugrupowania i periodyku. Czasopismo „Uzwyszsza” w 1944 roku nie zostało jednak opublikowane. Zachował siĊ tylko jeden znany na dzieĔ dzi-siejszy niepełny numer przeznaczony do korekty, który przechowywany jest w Białoruskim PaĔstwowym Archiwum-Muzeum Literatury i Sztuki. Jego treĞü pozwala oceniü specyfikĊ procesu literackiego w okresie okupacji niemieckiej.
Słowa kluczowe: literatura białoruska; druga wojna Ğwiatowa; druk periodyczny.
MAGAZINE “UZVYSHSHA” (“THE HILL”) IN 1944 AS AN ARCHIVE RARITY
S u m m a r y
Text of the article is dedicated to the history and description of a single known issue of the magazine “Uzvyshsha” which was going to publish in Minsk in 1944, during the German occupation. This almost unknown for specialists periodical was created by Belarusian Cultural Association, founded in 1944. The chief editor of the magazine was a writer Yuri Vitbich, a former member of the Literary Association “Uzvyshsha” acting in the Byelorussian SSR in 1926-1931. That`s why the revived during the occupation literary magazine was also called “Uzvyshsha” and was seen by the creators as a continuation of the periodical had been earlier repressed by the Soviet regime.
Magazine “Uzvyshsha” wasn`t published in 1944. There is only one non completed copy assigned for proofreading. It is in Belarusan State Archive-Museum of Literature and Art. The magazine`s content permits to study features of the literary process during the German occupation.
Key words: Belarusian literature; World War II, periodicals.
Translated by Natallia Hardziyenka
ɑȺɋɈɉȱɋ “ɍɁȼɕɒɒȺ” 1944 ȽɈȾȺ əɄ ȺɊɏȱȸɇɕ ɊȺɊɕɌɗɌ Ⱥ ɧ ɧ ɨ ɬ ɚ ɰ ɢ ɹ Ɍɷɤɫɬ ɚɪɬɵɤɭɥɚ ɩɪɵɫɜɟɱɚɧɵ ɚɞɧɚʆɥɟɧɧɸ ɝɿɫɬɨɪɵɿ ɫɬɜɚɪɷɧɧɹ ɿ ɚɩɿɫɚɧɧɸ ɚɞɡɿɧɚɝɚ ɜɹɞɨɦɚɝɚ ɧɚ ɫɺɧɧɹ ɚɫɨɛɧɿɤɚ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɚ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ”, ɹɤɿ ɪɵɯɬɚɜɚʆɫɹ ɞɚ ɞɪɭɤɭ ʆ Ɇɿɧɫɤɭ ʆ 1944 ɝ. ɭ ɱɚɫɟ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɣ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɿ. ɋɬɜɚɪɚɥɶɧɿɤɚɦ ɝɷɬɚɝɚ ɚɦɚɥɶ ɧɟɜɹɞɨɦɚɝɚ ɫɩɟ-ɰɵɹɥɿɫɬɚɦ ɜɵɞɚɧɧɹ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɿɥɚ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɟ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɟ ɡɝɭɪɬɚɜɚɧɧɟ, ɡɚɫɧɚɜɚɧɚɟ ʆ 1944 ɝ. Ƚɚɥɨʆɧɵɦ ɪɷɞɚɤɬɚɪɚɦ ɫɬɚʆ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤ ɘɪɤɚ ȼɿɰɶɛɿɱ, ɛɵɥɵ ɫɹɛɪɚ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɝɚ ɚɛ’ɹɞɧɚɧɧɹ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ”, ɲɬɨ ɞɡɟɣɧɿɱɚɥɚ ʆ ȻɋɋɊ ɭ 1926—1931 ɝɝ. Ⱥɩɨɲɧɹɟ ɿ ɩɟɪɚɞɜɵɡɧɚɱɵɥɚ ɬɨɟ, ɲɬɨ ɚɞɪɨɞɠɚɧɵ ʆ ɱɚɫɵ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɿ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɵ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫ ɬɚɤɫɚɦɚ ɚɬɪɵɦɚʆ ɧɚɡɜɭ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” ɿ ʆɫɩɪɵɦɚʆɫɹ ɫɬɜɚɪɚɥɶɧɿɤɚɦ ɹɤ ɩɪɚɰɹɝ ɬɚɝɨ, ɪɷɩɪɷɫɚɜɚɧɚɝɚ ɫɚɜɟɰɤɿɦɿ ʆɥɚɞɚɦɿ ɬɚɜɚɪɵɫɬɜɚ ɿ ɱɚɫɨɩɿɫɚ. ɑɚɫɨɩɿɫ “ɍɡɜɵɲɲɚ” ʆ 1944 ɝ. ɧɟ ɩɚɫɩɟʆ ɩɚɛɚɱɵɰɶ ɫɜɟɬ. Ɂɚɫɬɚʆɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɿ ɚɞɡɿɧɵ ɜɹɞɨɦɵ ɧɚ ɫɺɧɧɹ ɧɹɩɨʆɧɵ ɧɭɦɚɪ, ɩɪɵɡɧɚɱɚɧɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɪɷɤɬɭɪɵ, ɹɤɿ ɡɚɯɨʆɜɚɟɰɰɚ ʆ Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɦ ɞɡɹɪɠɚʆɧɵɦ ɚɪɯɿɜɟ-ɦɭɡɟɿ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɿ ɦɚɫɬɚɰɬɜɚ. əɝɨ ɡɦɟɫɬ ɞɚɡɜɚɥɹɟ ɚɰɚɧɿɰɶ ɚɫɚɛɥɿɜɚɫɰɿ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɧɚɝɚ ɩɪɚɰɷɫɭ ʆ ɱɚɫɵ ɧɹɦɟɰɤɚɣ ɚɤɭɩɚɰɵɿ. Ʉɥɸɱɚɜɵɹ ɫɥɨɜɵ: ɛɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɚɹ ɥɿɬɚɪɚɬɭɪɚ; Ⱦɪɭɝɚɹ ɫɭɫɜɟɬɧɚɹ ɜɚɣɧɚ; ɩɟɪɵɹɞɵɱɧɵ ɞɪɭɤ.
Ȼɟɥɚɪɭɫɤɿɹ ɩɿɫɶɦɟɧɧɿɤɿ: ɘɪɤɚ ȼɿɰɶɛɿɱ, Ʌɚɪɵɫɚ Ƚɟɧɿɸɲ, Ʉɚɫɬɭɫɶ ȿɡɚɜɿɬɚʆ, ɇɚɬɚɥɥɹ Ⱥɪɫɟɧɧɟɜɚ, Ⱥɥɹɤɫɟɣ Ⱥɧɿɲɱɵɤ-ɑɷɦɟɪ. Ɇɿɧɫɤ, 1944 ɝ.
