S U R V E Y O F S O V I E T J U R I S T I C P A P Y R O L O G Y 1 9 4 6 - 1 9 4 8
P a p y r o l o g y is now an i n t e r n a t i o n a l science a n d Soviet scholars are also a m o n g its c o n t r i b u t o r s . A s u r v e y of t h e i r l a s t p u -blications will t h e r e f o r e be of i n t e r e s t .
W e shall begin w i t h a notice of an excellent work b y P r o f . A. V. V y e n y e d i k t o v Gosudarstvyennaya Sotsyalistitcheskaya Sobstvyen-nost (Socialistic S t a t e P r o p e r t y ) , 840 pages, edited b y t h e Soviet A c a d e m y of Sciences, Moscow — L e n i n g r a d 1948. T h e b o o k deals w i t h t h e s t a t e owned p r o p e r t y in U . S . S . R . B u t it is p r e c e d e d b y an e x t e n s i v e historical i n t r o d u c t i o n , w h e r e t h e a u t h o r m a k e s also use of t h e results of papyrological researches. T h u s t h e a u t h o r de-picts for e x a m p l e t h e a g r a r i a n s y s t e m of P t o l e m a i c E g y p t (pp 67—74) on t h e base of t h e works of R o s t o v t z e f f a n d T a u b e n s c h l a g (pp 69—70, 73—4) t o w h o m he refers.
Researches published in t h e scientific q u a r t e r l y review Vyestnik Drevnyey Istorii (the F r e n c h t i t l e Revue d'Histoire Ancienne) deserve also t o be especially m e n t i o n e d .
T h e issue 2(16) 1946 of t h e Vyestnik brings t w o articles con-cerning t h e Constitutio Antoniniana de civitate f r o m 212 A . D . T h e y are due t o A. R a n o v i t c h , Edikt Karakalli o Darovanyi Rim-skovo Grazhdanstva Nasyelenyu Imperii (Caracalla's E d i c t Gran-t i n g R o m a n CiGran-tizenship Gran-t o Gran-t h e I n h a b i Gran-t a n Gran-t s of Gran-t h e E m p i r e ) , p p 66—80, a n d t o E . M. S h t a y e r m a n , K' Voprosu o Dediticii v E-diktye Karakalli (A Contribution· t o t h e Question of t h e Dediticii in Caracalla's E d i c t ) , p p 81 — 88.
A. R a n o v i t c h investigates f i r s t l y t h e reasons of t h e publica-t i o n of publica-t h e edicpublica-t, he e x a m i n e s publica-t h e quespublica-tions which groupes of publica-t h e p o p u l a t i o n were affected b y t h e edict, t h e m e a n i n g of t h e t e r m de-diticii, a n d t h e influence of t h e edict on t h e a p p l i c a t i o n of local law. T h e a u t h o r bases himself, as f a r as t h e t e r m dediticii is concerned, on P a p . Giss. 40, on o t h e r d o c u m e n t s ( p a r t l y of n o n j u r i d i c a l c h a r a c t e r ) , a n d on t h e l i t e r a t u r e of t h e s u b j e c t . His e x a m i n a t i o n
196 JOURNAL OF PAPYROLOGY
terminates with the conclusion that the dediticii from Pap. Giss. 40 comprise a small number of population, namely the barbarians settled upon the Roman territory, and the freedinen subject to the rigours of the Lex Aelia Sentia.
E. M. S h t a y e r m a n ' s article deals also with the Dediticii. His researches however are based not on the edict of Caracalla, but on the inscriptions provenient from the European provinces of the Empire.
In the issue 1(19) 1947 of the Vyestnik we find bibliographic notes b y S. I. L u r i e concerning the edition of the 0~syrhynchos
Papyri vol. X V I I I , ed. L o b e l — R o b e r t s - - W e g e n e r 1941, pp 107—112, and a Kratkiy Obzor Papyrologitcheskikh Izdaniy. (A Brief Survey of Papyrological Publications) b y N. N. P i c o u s , pp 113—116. This survey contains the publications: i) b y W . P e r e
-m a n s en J . V e r g o t e , Papyroloaisch Handboek, 1942; 2) The
Pa-pyri in the Princeton University Collection, vol. I — I I I (1931 —1942) 3) Michigan Papyri, vol. V, 1944, and 4) The Tebtunis Papyri, vol. III, v. II, 1938.
All this shows that the Soviet papyrological science registers the new papyrological publications, and informs thoroughly the Sovietic reader about them.
The same volume of the Vyestnik, p. 249, contains besides others an original contribution by N. N. P i c o u s concerning Pap. Tebt. 703. The author tries to discover the precise date of the document and fixes it between 216 and 208 B.C.
The issue 1(23) 1948 of the Vyestnik contains, pp 203—216, an article b y B. I. N a d e l Ob Ekonomitcheskom. Smyisle Ogovorki χωρίς είς την προσεοχήν θωπείας τε και προσκαρτερήσεως Bosporskikh
Manumissi (The Economic Signification of χωρίς εις κτλ. of the Bosporanian Manumissions). He tries to explain the meaning of the clause, which appears in two Bosporanian inscriptions, written in Greek b y Jews, inhabitants of this country in the 1-st Century A.D. (edited b y L a t i s c h e w IOSPE. II 52, 53). Both inscriptions refer to the act of manumission.
The author concludes that the formula χωρίς εις κτλ. esta-blishes the duty of the freedman to pejform certain economic ser-vices, especially agricultural labour, in the interest of the local Je-wish temple. But the views of N a d e l seem not to be sufficiently convincing to me. In both cases referred to b y our documents we have to do with θ-ρεπτοί (findlings) professing the Mosaic
reli-SOVIET PAPYROLOGY 197 gion (Edd Ebri) (cf. R u b i n , Das talmudische Recht, p. 17 f f ) . Those freedmen were obliged to worship for the wellbeing of their patrons. And this was connected with the duty to dwell in the neighbourhood of the synagogue. Such an obligation is analogous to the obligation imposed upon freedmen, compelling them to perform sacrifices before the sarcophagus of their deceased patron, (cf. C a l d e r i n i , La Manomissione e la Condizione del Liberti in
Grecia, p. 361 f f ) .
In a further issue of the Vyestnik, 2(24) 1948, B. I. N a d e l publishes another article Novyy trud po Ellenistitcheskomu Pravu (A New W o r k about Hellenistic Law), p. 110—116. He deals here with Prof. T a u b e n s c h l a g ' s The Law of Greco-Roman Egypt in
the Light of the Papyri (vol. I 1944).
In the issue 3(25) 1948 of the Vyestnik K . Z y e l i n gives an essay under the title Zemlyi Klerukhov v Kerkeosirisye po Dannim
Tebtyunisskikh Papirusov (The Cleruchs as the Landholders at Kerkeosiris in the Light of the Tebtunis Papyri), pp 3 6 ^ 5 1 . In this article the author presents at first the results of R o s t o v t z e f f ,
L e s q u i e r , P r é a u x and T a u b e n s c h l a g . Then he examines se-veral questions not discussed b y the above mentioned scholars i. e. the question of the relations between the cleruchs and the govern-ment, the question of their relations with the rest of the popula-tion in Egypt, as well as the quespopula-tion of their economic and social importance in the Ptolemaic State.
The issue 4(26) 1948 of the Vyestnik brings also a contri-bution b y A. R a n o v i t c h under the title Gnomon Idiologa (The Gnomon of the Idios Logos). This publication is chiefly a Russian translation of B G U Y 1 preceded b y a critical and historical in-troduction.
The present survey does not include all that lias been written in U.S.S.R. during the last three years. W e present only what was accessible to us. But once the relations with the Soviet papyrolo-gical science established, we shall b e ' a b l e to give in the future a more detailed survey of its activity and its results.
[Wroclaw University]
