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F A B R I C A G E V A N M 0 NOC H L OOR A Z IJ N Z U U R.
Samenvatting In dit verslag staat een beschrijving van de fabricage van Monochloorazijnzuur.
Van de twee technisch bruikbare processen wordt de hydrolyse van trichlooraethyleen uitvoerig behandeld.
M.L. v. Staalen, Hippolytusbuurt 41, Delft.
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Inhoud:
1). Bereidingswijzen. ..L
a) Chloreren van azijnzuur.
b) Hydro,lyse van trichlooraethyleen.
2) • Proceskeuze. ~
3) • Het pro ces. .-L
a) Beschrijving van het proces. b} Reactie warmte •
.
• c) Warmtebalans. d) Stofbalans • e) Veiligheid. 4) • Materiaal keuze.1-5).
Berekening van een condensor....9-.
6) • Gegevens. .Ll...
- J . .... ;~ r -; r .' c , ( ( ::; r , (' ( -, r r (' ( ( • ( i ( ( :)(' (
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1). Bereidingswijzen.
/
De fabricage van monochloorazijnzuur op technische schaal kan op twee manieren gebeuren.
a) Chloreren van azijnzuur in tegenwoordigheid van een
kataly-sator is het oudst bekende pro ces en wordt nog veel toegepast'i
o CAt'-" Di ,~..(.~,.t_
Als katalysator kan men een stof nemen ui t een hele reeks ge-p-a-
---t~_!"l!-.eerde elementen of verbindingen, zoals : Jodi urn, zwavel,
phosphor~entachloride, thianylchloride.
De chlorering Vl:0' ndt meestal in. de Vl. oeisto.ffase. Pl. aats hoewel
men in enkele pat nten de contacttijd wil verkorten door in de
gasfase te werk •
V,,~(..{
~
""
I}t.(\ ilt;t!{,,Jf.~f~'.
'I.({ ' ..•
-
,
,Een nadeel van deze meth?qe is een grote investering in de appa-ratuur. Bij dit procédé kan de apparatuur pas rendabel zijn in geval van een grote produktie. Nevenreacties waarbij di- en trichloorazijnzuur gevormd worden, maken een zuivering van het reactie produkt noodzakelijk.
b) De reactie van trichlooraethyleen met water waarbij zwavelzuur als katalysator gebruikt WJrdt, is de tweede mogelijkheid om
M.CI.A. te maken.
Er treden geen nevenreactie s op, zo dat all een
r<1.
Cl. A ontst aat.Het agressieve karakter van het milieu stelt enige eisen aan het constructiemateriaal. Het aantal te gebruiken apparaten is gering
en bij een continue werkwi jze kan hun afmeting leil
-,
-_._-
J i@ kleinge-~''''~'-''' . - ~,. -"
houden worden. De pr<?~uktie .~an dan gelijk blijven aan die van een
discontinue werkwijze.
-( .
-( (
(
l
2). Proceskeuze.
Over het jaar 1958 voerde Nederland 400 ton M.Cl.A. in. Het
binnenlands verbruik en de binnenlandse produktie mag wegens een monopolie niet opgegeven worden door het C.B.S.
-
-
-Willen we de produktie van monochloorazijnzuur bepalen van een fabriek die in Nederland gevestigd wordt, dan staan ons nog maar weinig gegevens ter beschikking.
Stel dat de 400 ton M.Cl.A 15-20 10 van het binnenlands verbruik
is. Indien in deze fabriek 4000 ton per jaar geproduceerd zal
worden, is er dus nog een kleine export mogelijk.
De keuze van de fabricage is gevallen op het proces uitgaande van trichlooraethyleen in
b) De zuivering van het gebruikte zwavelzuur0~entraàD gebeuren.
c) Het geproduceerde zoutzuur kan via de trichlooraethyleenfabriek centraal verwerkt worden.
d) De bediening vraagt weinig mensen, de continue werkwijze vergt
~
in het grote geheel geen extra personeel. )"'~-~ ..
---
... - --" . ~ " . . . ---... _--...,-~_ ... - . .-, .... -.. '~----3).
Het Proces.Het proces kan het best verduidelijkt worden door een beschrijving van de verschillende apparaten.
Daar de reactie snelh_:2-~u_kl~2:_12 i~, ~_~ _ het n~ 2 __ r~.a~.t9.:r:en ~e
bouwen. Een installatie kan het vloeibare ' gedeelte vary"beide
r~actoren verder verwerken. / v~~
I k IA. I.-\),:,~~
De reactor.
Onder in de reactor worden trichlooraethyleen en 7410 ige.
zwavel-zuur ingevoerd. De inhoud van het reactorvat wordt doormiddel
o
van een stoomspiraal op een temp. van 140 C gehouden.
Er treedt nu de volgende reactl.e op : . \'", \ll,.>~
T.Cl.A. + water ~so: M.Cl.A. + zoutzuur
1":
.//
-' . .--.. _.~-~ ... ~ ~ -- ... ". /
Het warme gasvormige zoutzuur, dat dampen M.Cl.A. meevoert, wordt in tegenstroom uitgewassen met koud trichlooraethyleen. Het
vloei-Jtu~-
bare opgewarmde trichl. a. dat onder uit de waskolom komt, wordt\";' .. (.>...0<") in de reactor geleid.
~ J,. .
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