(1)ɄɅɂɉɈȼɈɋɌɖ ɆɕɒɅȿɇɂə
ɂ ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɆȿɀɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇɈɃ ɄɈɆɉȿɌȿɇɐɂɂ
CLIP THINKING AND INTERCULTURAL COMPETENCE FORMATION
ɈɅɖȽȺ ɆȺɄȺɊɈȼɋɄȺ
ABSTRACT. This article discusses the specifity of clip thinking. The article defines the concept
and describes such primary features on cognitivistic level as drawbacks of this phenomenon.
There were also proposed suggestions of small modifications used in process of forming
intercultural comeptence for students studying Russian language on university level. On the one
hand mentioned modification includes specificity of clip thinking, while on the second hand it is
directed to such skills as analysis, synthesis, generalization etc.
Olga Makarowska, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, PoznaĔ – Polska.
Ⱥɧɬɪɨɩɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɊɄɂ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚ-ɝɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ „ɩɨɞɥɢɧɧɵɦ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ” ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ
1
, ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɹ
ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɟɬɚ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ. ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹ-ɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɹɪɤɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ, ɩɪɢɫɭɳɟɣ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɦ,
ɭɱɚ-ɳɢɦɫɹ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ
2
.
________________
1
W. W o Ĩ n i e w i c z, Ɉ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ/ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɫ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɢ ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɹ. Ⱥɤɬɵ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ, [ɜ:] ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɝɥɨɬɬɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢ, ɪɟɞ. A. ɉɚɥɢɧɶɫɤɢ, Ƚ.Ⱥ. Ɂɟɧɬɚɥɹ, Rzeszów 2009, ɫ. 29.
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ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɱɟɝɨ-ɬɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹ-ɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ. Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɱɟɪɬɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹ-ɟɬɫɹ
ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹ-ɬɢɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ/ɟɝɨ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɡɚɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ
ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ
„ɤɚɪɬɢɧɨɤ”, „ɤɚɞɪɨɜ”. ɇɨ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɥɫɹ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɧɟɨɫɨɡ-ɧɚɧɧɨ) ɢ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɭɸ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ
ɦɟɫɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɤɚɥɟɣɞɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɚɝɪɨɦɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ
ɧɨ-ɜɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɟ ɭɫɩɟɜɚɸɬ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɭɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ ɜ ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ.
Ʉɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ, ɡɚɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ
ɜɵɫɥɭɲɢɜɚ-ɸɳɢɯ/ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ (ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɦ ɜ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɟ ɈȽɟɧɪɢ ȼɨɠɞɶ
ɤɪɚɫ-ɧɨɤɨɠɢɯ). Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɥɸɛɨɣ ɧɟɞɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ,
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚ-ɸɳɢɣ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɟɣ, ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɜɫɹɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɩɪɨɢɫɲɟɫɬɜɢɣ,
ɫɟɧɫɚɰɢɣ, ɧɨɜɨɫɬɟɣ, ɫɥɭɯɨɜ, ɫɩɥɟɬɟɧ, ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ,
ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɢɪɭ-ɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɤɥɢɩɦɟɣɤɟɪɨɜ, „ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɪɟɡɤɢ”
(ɧɟɩɨɫɥɟɞɨ-Ⱦɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ, ɚ ɜ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ
ɭɡɤɨɫɩɟɰɢ-ɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ (ɱɬɨɛ ɧɟ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ – ɥɟɝɤɨɜɟɫɧɵɦ) ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɦ
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, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɡɜɚɬɶ
ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɭɦɟɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ
ɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɢɦ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɦɨɟ ɢ
ɩɨɥɭ-ɱɢɜɲɟɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɨɣ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɟɝɨ
ɫɭɳɟɫɬ-ɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɜɨe
ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ, ɫɪɟɞɢ ɩɪɨɱɟɝɨ, ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɊɄɂ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɯ
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ-ɮɢ-ɥɨɥɨɝɨɜ (ɞɚɥɟɟ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɬɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɝɟɧɬ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ).
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɢ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ
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ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ:
ɚ) ɟɦɭ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ, ɧɨ ɬ.ɤ. ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ
ɫɜɹɡɚ-ɧɨ ɫ ɤɨɝɧɢɰɢɟɣ, ɚ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ
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ɫ ɜɢҁɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɢɪɚ ɢ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦɢ
ɦɵɫɥɢ-________________
ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɚɹ ɫɦɟɧɚ ɬɟɦɵ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɚ, ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɛɟɡ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɭɸ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɫɤɚɤɢɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ,
ɫɤɚɠɟɦ, ɫ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɵ, ɹɜɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɫɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɢɹɦ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ
ɜ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.).
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Ⱦɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɦ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ, ɯɨɬɹ, ɩɨ-ɧɚɲɟɦɭ, ɡɚɦɟɧɚ
ɫɥɨɜ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɵɣ, ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ – ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɧɟ ɢɡ ɥɟɝɤɢɯ ɜɜɢɞɭ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɤɚɠɭ-ɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢ, ɢɥɢ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɸɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ
ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ (ɪɚɫɫɟɹɧɧɨɟ, ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɪɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ), ɢɥɢ ɭɠɟ
ɫɭ-ɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɤɚɤ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɵ ɜ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤɚɯ (ɪɚɡɨɪɜɚɧɧɨɟ,
ɛɟɫ-ɫɜɹɡɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ), ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɫɩɨɪɧɵɦɢ (ɪɚɫɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ, ɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɟ, ɪɚɡɪɨɡɧɟɧɧɨɟ, ɚɛɛɪɟɜɢɚɬɭɪɧɨɟ,
ɪɚɡɞɪɨɛ-ɥɟɧɧɨɟ, ɩɢɤɫɟɥɶɧɨɟ. Ⱥɜɬɨɪ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ – ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɣ ɂɜɚɧɨɜ,
ɩɪɟɞ-ɫɬɚɜɢɜɲɢɣ ɩɢɤɫɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɪɨɦɚɧɟ [A. ɂ ɜ ɚ ɧ ɨ ɜ, Ȼɥɭɞɚ ɢ ɆɍȾɈ,
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 2007, ɫ. 274, 276]). Ɉɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɦ.
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Ⱥ) ɂɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ (myĞlenie klipem, myĞlenie o
cha-rakterze klipowym), ɢɡɪɟɞɤɚ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɦɚɫɫ-ɦɟɞɢɚ, ɩɪɟɫɫɟ, ɜɟɫɶɦɚ
ɩɨ-ɩɭɥɹɪɧɨ ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɯ ɋɆɂ ɢ ɨɤɨɥɨɧɚɭɱɧɨɦ ɨɛɢɯɨɞɟ. Ȼ) ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɚɧɝɥɢɣ-ɫɤɨɝɨ clip, ɤɚɤ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɥɚɝɨɥɚ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɵɯ
ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɛɥɨɤɚ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɹ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɤɪɟɩɥɹɟɬ (ɫɤɪɟɩɤɚ, ɡɚɠɢɦ,
ɤɥɢɩɫɚ, ɫɤɪɟɩɥɹɬɶ), ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ – ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɡɴɟɞɢɧɹɟɬ (ɨɬɪɟɡɚɬɶ, ɩɨɞɪɟɡɚɬɶ) (Collins.
Słownik angielsko-polski, red. J. Fisiak, t. I, Warszawa 1999, ɫ. 78; Longman. New Junior
English Dictionary. New Edition. English-Polish Edition, Warszawa 1997, c. 64), ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɞɨ-ɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɦ „1. ɛɵɫɬɪɵɣ ɬɟɦɩ, 2. ɤɥɢɩ (ɜɢɞɟɨɪɨɥɢɤ – Ɉ. Ɇ.), 3. ɤɢɧɨɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ”
ɫɦ.: ɂ.Ɏ. ɀ ɞ ɚ ɧ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɗ.Ʌ. ȼ ɚ ɪ ɬ ɭ ɦ ɹ ɧ, Ⱥɧɝɥɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ,
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1995, ɫ. 128.
5
ɋɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ – ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɜɢɞɭ
ɫɜɨɟɣ ɦɧɨɝɨɫɥɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ/ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ (ɨɬ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ ɞɨ ɩɫɢɯɢɚɬɪɢɢ) ɨɧɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨɦ
ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɣ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ ɥɢɲɶ, ɱɬɨ „ɷɦɩɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ
ɧɟɩɪɟ-ɪɵɜɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ,
ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɞ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɦ ɜ ɟɝɨ „ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɦ ɨɩɵɬɟ” ɢ ɩɪɟɞɜɨɫɯɢɳɚɸɳɢɯ ɟɝɨ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ” (ȿ.ɋ. Ɋ ɚ ɩ ɚ ɰ ɟ ɜ ɢ ɱ, ɋɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɶ ɩɨ
ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢ-ɤɟ, Ɇɢɧɫɤ 2001, ɫ. 717).
ɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ, ɬɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ
ɫɨɡ-ɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɝɢɜɚɟɦ; ɛ) ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ – ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧ-ɧɚɹ
6
, ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɚɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ; ɜ) ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɨ
(ɨɬɫɭɬ-ɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɞɚɠɟ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɹ), ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɦɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɟɝɨ ɨɩɢɫɚɧɢɢ.
ɂɫɯɨɞɧɵɦ ɩɭɧɤɬɨɦ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ „ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɛɚɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɚ
ɩɟ-ɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɯ, ɨɛɪɚɡɚɯ […] ɢ
ɩɨɧɹ-ɬɢɹɯ […], ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ
ɧɨɜɵɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ”
7
. Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ –
ɪɚɡ-ɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɚ ɨɯɜɚɬ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ
ɩɨ-ɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ (ɫ)ɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ
8
ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ, ɜɟɳɧɵɯ
ɪɟɚ-ɥɢɣ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɵɜɚɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɟɦɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ
ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɣ, ɧɟɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ
ɡɚɞɚɱ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɥɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ.
Ʉɥɢɩɨɜɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦ ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ,
ɬ.ɟ. ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɚ ɤɚɤ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ, ɬ.ɟ.
ɫɨɜɨ-ɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ ɜ ɢɯ ɧɚɝɥɹɞɧɨɦ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɢɢ, ɢɥɢ
ɤɥɢ-ɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ.
ɇɟɨɞɧɨɡɧɚɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ
9
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ,
ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, – ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɚɹ
(ɨɝɪɚɠɞɚɸ-ɳɚɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɝɪɭɡɨɤ) ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ
ɩɨɬɨɤɢ, ɟɠɟɞɧɟɜɧɨ ɨɛɪɭɲɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤa, ɬ.ɤ. ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ
ɨɫɧɨɜɚ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɟɥɢɤɨɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɫɹɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ,
________________
6
ȼɨɩɪɨɫ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ: ɟɫɥɢ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ – ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɜɪɨɠɞeɧɧɚɹ,
ɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɧɚɜɵɤ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ?
7
J. S i u t a (red.), Słownik psychologii, Kraków 2005. Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ ɧɚɲ
– Ɉ. Ɇ.
8 ɋɦɟɧɚ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ, ɢɫɱɟɡɧɨɜɟɧɢɢ, ɜɵɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ/ɡɚɞɧɢɣ
ɩɥɚɧ, ɡɚɛɵɜɚɧɢɢ/ɩɪɢɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ, ɪɟɚɥɢɣ ɢ ɩɪ. ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɢɯ ɦɨɞɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ, ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɢɯ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ, ɡɧɚɱɢɦɨɫɬɢ,
ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.
9
Ⱥ) ȼɵɞɜɢɧɭɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɦɵɫɥɶ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶ-ɧɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ ɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɬɤɥɢɤ ɧɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ
ɨɩɪɟ-ɞɟɥeɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɭ. Ȼ) ɋɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ
ɦɵɲɥɟ-ɧɢɹ ɭ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɢɯ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɦɵɲɥɟ-ɧɢɹ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ
ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ. ȼ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ
ɢɧɮɨɪ-ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɟe ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ, ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɮɚɤɬɨ-ɪɚɦɢ, ɤ ɤɨɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɦ: ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɧɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ; ɜɵɫɨɤɢɣ ɬɟɦɩ
ɠɢɡɧɢ, ɡɚɞɚɸɳɢɣ „ɫɜɟɪɯɭ” ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɟɡɞɟ ɭɫɩɟɬɶ ɢ ɜɫe ɢɫɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶ; „ɞɪɨɛɧɵɣ,
ɩɪɟɪɵɜɢɫɬɵɣ”, ɩɨɥɶɡɭɹɫɶ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ Ʌɶɸɢɫɚ Ɇɚɦɮɨɪɞɚ, ɪɢɬɦ ɠɢɡɧɢ; ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ
ɨɛ-ɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɡɚɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɡɚɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɩɥɚɧɤɚɦɢ; ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɨɫɜɟɳɚɟɦɵɟ ɋɆɂ ɢ ɩɪɟɫɫɨɣ (ɨɫɨɛɨ „ɝɥɹɧɰɟɜɨɣ”) ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɵ,
ɭɫɬɚ-ɧɨɜɤɢ, ɩɨɞɩɢɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɵɦ ɢ ɧɟɨɪɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɦ, ɠɢɬɶ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜ-ɧɨ, ɤɪɚɫɢɜɨ ɢ ɹɪɤɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɦ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ, ɢ ɬ.ɞ.
ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɹɹ ɢɯ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɰɟɥɨɟ; ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ
– ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ
10
, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ (ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɚɹ, ɷ-ɩɨɱɬɚ, ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɂɧ-ɬɟɪɧɟɬ ɬɢɩɚ ICQ, Skype), ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɢɝɪɚɦɢ, ɂɧɂɧ-ɬɟɪɧɟɬɨɦ (ɧɚɩɪ.,
ɢɧɬɟɪ-ɧɟɬ-ɫɟɪɮɢɧɝ).
Ʉɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɦ, ɷɦɨɬɢɜɧɨɦ,
ɰɟɧ-ɧɨɫɬɧɨ-ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɦ, ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ. ɉɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɟɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɧɚ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɩɪɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɟ ɭ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ
ɪɭɫ-ɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ, ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ. ɂɬɚɤ, ɞɥɹ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵ:
– ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ ɢ
ɪɚɫ-ɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɝɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɨɜ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɲɥɨɟ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ;
– ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ (ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ, ɡɧɚɧɢɟɜɨɣ)
ɛɚ-ɡɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧáɹ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ
ɩɨɥɭ-ɱɚɟɦɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ, ɧɨɫɹɳɭɸ ɫɢɸɦɢɧɭɬɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ;
– ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɦɝɧɨɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ, ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɤɪɚɬ-ɤɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɶɸ, ɧɟɱɚɫɬɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
11
;
–
ɧɟɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɞɟɬɚɥɹɯ ɢ ɧɸɚɧɫɚɯ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɯ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜ/ɢɧ-ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɜɧɢɤɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɢɯ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɢ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɢɯ
ɱɟɪɬɚɯ, ɱɬɨ ɬɢɩɢɱɧɨ, ɫɤɨɪɟɟ, ɞɥɹ ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ;
– ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɱɟɦ-ɬɨ
ɨɞɧɨɦ
12
;
– ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɱɭɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ
ɥɨɝɢɤɨ-ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ-ɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ.
________________
10
ɋɟɪɶeɡɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ
ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ-ɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɬɨɤɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ: ɪɟɤɥɚɦ, ɜɢɞɟɨɪɨɥɢɤɨɜ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɯ ɬɢɩɚ ɆɌȼ/MTV,
ɧɨɜɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ, ɤɥɢɩɨɜɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱ (ɬɨɤ- ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɬɢ-ɲɨɭ), ɚɧɢɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ
ɯɭɞɨ-ɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɢɥɶɦɨɜ (Ɇɚɬɪɢɰɚ, ɋɒȺ 1999, ɇɨɱɧɨɣ ɞɨɡɨɪ, Ɋɨɫɫɢɹ 2004),
ɬɟɥɟɫɟɪɢɚ-ɥɨɜ, ɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɯ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɣ (ɬɚɛɥɨɢɞɵ, „ɝɥɚɦɭɪɧɵɟ” ɠɭɪɧɚɥɵ, ɤɨɦɢɤɫɵ) ɢ ɩɨɞ.
Ɂɧɚɱɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɧɟɝɨ ɡɜɭɤɨɜ ɢ ɲɭɦɨɜ ɧɟɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ,
(ɧɟ)ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸ-ɳɢɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɟɜɭɸ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɭɸ, ɤɚɤ ɬɨ: ɲɭɦ ɝɨɪɨɞɫɤɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɡɜɭɤɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɦɚɲɢɧ (ɡɜɭɤɨɜɚɹ ɫɢɝɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɨɮɨɪɨɜ, ɡɜɭɤ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɪɢɛɨɪɨɜ,
ɛɵɬɨɜɨɣ, ɨɮɢɫɧɨɣ, ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɞ.), ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɡɜɭɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɨɧ
ɠɢɡ-ɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜeɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɱɭɬɶ ɥɢ ɧɟ ɜɟɡɞɟ ɢ ɜɫɸɞɭ ɢɝɪɚɸɳɚɹ ɦɭɡɵɤɚ,
ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɞɢɨ- ɢ ɬɟɥɟɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢ ɞɪ.
11
Ɉɩɢɫɚɧɢɟ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ: ɗ.Ƚ. Ⱥ ɡ ɢ ɦ ɨ ɜ, A.H. ɓ ɭ ɤ ɢ ɧ,
ɋɥɨ-ɜɚɪɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɜ, ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ 1999, ɫ. 76, 126, 180–181.
12
ɇɚ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ: ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɋȾȼȽ/ADHD (ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɞɟɮɢɰɢɬɚ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ
ɢ ɝɢɩɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ), ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɛɭɪɧɵɟ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɦɟɞɢɤɨɜ,
ɩɫɢɯɨ-ɥɨɝɨɜ, ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɟɣ, ɪɚɫɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɤɥɢɩɨ-ɜɨɫɬɢ, ɩɪɢɱeɦ ɧɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ, ɚ ɤɚɤ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɵɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ.
ɉɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢ-ɜɵɯ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɣ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɨɛɪɚ-ɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ
13
, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɵ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ,
ɧɟ-ɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɵɯ, ɫɩɨɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ, ɫɪ.: 1) ɥɟɝɤɨɫɬɶ
ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɢɞɟɣ, ɜɢɞɨɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ, ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ
ɨɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɤ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ, ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ
ɫɢɦɭɥɶɬɚɧɧɨ; 2) ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ
14
ɜɜɢɞɭ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɜɵɲɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ: ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ
ɜɵ- ɢ ɫɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɦɵɫɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɟɝɨ, ɭɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɭɬɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ,
ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ (ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɩɨɧɹɬɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ);
ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟ-ɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɢɞɟɣ, ɡɚɦɵɫɥɨɜ, ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɪɟɲɟɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟ-ɧɢɹ
ɡɚ-ɞɚɱ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚɞɭɦɚɧɧɨɝɨ (ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɞɢɜɟɪɝɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ
15
); ɚ
ɬɚɤ-________________
13
Ⱥ) ɇɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹɯ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚɯ,
ɩɨɬɪɟɛ-ɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɫɤɥɨɧɩɨɬɪɟɛ-ɧɨɫɬɹɯ, ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ (ɋ.Ʌ. Ɋ ɭ ɛ ɢ ɧ ɲ ɬ ɟ ɣ ɧ, Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɢ,
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ–ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ–ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɇɨɜɝɨɪɨɞ–ȼɨɪɨɧɟɠ–Ɋɨɫɬɨɜ-ɧɚ-Ⱦɨɧɭ–ȿɤɚɬɟɪɢɧɛɭɪɝ–
ɋɚɦɚɪɚ–ɇɨɜɨɫɢɛɢɪɫɤ–Ʉɢɟɜ–ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜ–Ɇɢɧɫɤ 2009, ɫ. 518–522). Ȼ) ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɪɤɢɟ
ɬɟɧ-ɞɟɧɰɢɢ, ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɦɵɟ ɭ ɪɹɞɚ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɷɬɨ: ɚ) ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ
ɫɢɫɬɟ-ɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɦɭ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ
ɧɟ-ɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɣ, ɤɚɫɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɢ ɢɯ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɣ ɫɦɟɧɟ; ɨɬɫɸɞɚ
ɛ) ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ (ɲɤɨɥɶɧɵɯ, ɜɭɡɨɜɫɤɢɯ) ɡɧɚɧɢɣ („ɭɱɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ
ɧɚ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧ”) ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ,
ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɧɢɤɚɤ ɧɟ ɤɨɪɪɟɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɫ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ, ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ,
ɝɪɭɩ-ɩɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɨɜ ɩɨ ɜɵɛɨɪɭ ɢɥɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ; ɜ) ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɚ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. ɂɧɚɱɟ, ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ
ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɵɫɲɢɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ,
ɪɚɫɲɢ-ɪɹɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɫɱeɬ ɩɨɫɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ,
ɬɪɟ-ɧɢɧɝɨɜ, ɦɚɫɬɟɪ-ɤɥɚɫɫɨɜ ɭɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɭɡɤɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ,
ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢ-ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɤ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɸ ɥɢɲɶ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ
ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɵɦ; ɝ) ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɛɪɚɬɶ ɢ ɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ. ɉɪɢɱeɦ ɛɪɚɬɶ
ɭɪɨɤɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɞɬɹɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ
ɤ ɫɞɚɱɟ ɡɚɱeɬɨɜ/ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɨɜ, ɚ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢ-ɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɩɟɬɢɬɨɪɚ ɢ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɜɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦ
ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɜ ɭɪɚɡɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɬ. ɤ. ɥɟɝɱɟ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɶ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɤɟɦ-ɬɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɨ
ɫɟɥɟɤɰɢɢ, ɝɪɚɞɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚɧɢɸ, ɱɟɦ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɜ ɷɬɨ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɚɬɶɫɹ. ɋɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɟ
ɞɚ-ɜɚɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɞɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ (ɱɬɨ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɬɨɠɟ
ɢɦɟɟɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ), ɚ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɭɪɨɤɢ ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɭɸɬ ɫɚɦɨɝó ɪɟɩɟɬɢɬɨɪɚ, ɡɚɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɬɶ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɢ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɩɨɞɡɚɛɵɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶ
ɭɦ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɧɞɢɰɢɸ.
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Ʉɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ – „ɷɬɨ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ
ɟɦɭ ɭɞɚeɬɫɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɢ ɰɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ” (A. B u b r o w i e c k i,
Sekrety kreatywnego myĞlenia. Jak rozbudziü swoją kreatywnoĞü i tworzyü genialne
pomy-sły?, Gliwice 2007, ɫ. 10).
15
Ⱥ) Ⱦɢɜɟɪɝɟɧɬɧɨɟ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ – „ɪɚɡɧɨɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ
ɪɚɡɧɵɯ, ɜ ɪɚɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɢ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ”
(ȿ.ɋ. Ɋ ɚ ɩ ɚ ɰ ɟ ɜ ɢ ɱ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 359). ȼɫɥɟɞ ɡɚ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɭɱɟɧɵɯ, ɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪ-ɠɟ 3) ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɶ ɧɚ ɧɟɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ, ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɞɟɢ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɛɨɝɚɬɚɹ,
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɨɛɧɨɜɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɤ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ ɩɨɦɵɫɥɨɜ,
ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ, ɨɛɴɟɦɧɨɫɬɶ, ɡɚɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɢɞɟɣ ɢ ɜɵɯɨɞɨɜ ɢɡ
ɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɹ.
ɂ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ: ɚ) ɢɡɥɢɲɧɹɹ ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɞɟɣ ɢ ɡɚɦɵɫɥɨɜ
ɧɚ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ, ɚ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɢ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɢ ɩɨɬɨɦ; ɛ) ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ, ɩɭɫɬɶ ɢ
ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶ-ɧɚɹ, ɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ (ɨɬɫɸɞɚ – ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ
ɡɚɝɨ-ɬɨɜɨɤ, ɧɚɩɪ., ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɣ, ɪɟɮɟɪɚɬɨɜ, ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ
ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹ-ɰɢɢ); ɜ) ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɬɨɱɧɟɟ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ
ɮɚɤ-ɬɚɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ-ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ
(ɥɨɝɢ-ɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɚɫɫɨɰɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ), ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɫɜɨɢɯ/ɱɶɢɯ-ɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ,
ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ, ɩɥɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɪ.,
ɭɫɬɭ-ɩɚɸɬ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɨɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɞɪɭɝɨɟ, ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ,
ɫɨɫɬɵ-ɤɨɜɵɜɚɹɫɶ ɫ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ
16
; ɝ) ɪɚɫɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ, ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ
ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɜ, ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɢɯ ɭɩɥɨɳɟɧɢɟɦ
(ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɭɩɪɨɳɟɧɢɟɦ, ɪɟɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ), ɧɟɜɧɢɤɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɭɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ,
ɲɬɚɦɩɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ, ɤɥɢɲɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣ; ɞ) ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɟ
ɩɪɨɫɬɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɪɟɦɟɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
(ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚ-________________
ɧɵɦ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɪɚɡɭɦɭ ɪɨɥɶ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢɦ, ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ
ɫɩɨ-ɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ – ɞɢɜɟɪɝɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ „ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɝɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ
ɢ ɞɢɜɟɪɝɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ, ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ, ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɥɢ
ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ: ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɨɢɫɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɥɨɦɨɤ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɞɢɜɟɪɝɟɧɬɧɵɣ
ɯɚ-ɪɚɤɬɟɪ” (M. K a r w o w s k i, Konstelacje zdolnoĞci. Typy inteligencji a kreatywnoĞü,
Kra-ków 2005, ɫ. 65).
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ɋɭɬɶ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦ: „ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɜɤɥɢɧɢɜɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ
ɬɟɱɟ-ɧɢɟ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɹ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɢɣ ɧɚɦɟɱɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ,
ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠ-ɞɚɟɬ ɨɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ, ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ, ɜɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɟ ɢ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ
ɜɫɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɟ ɬɟɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɧɨ ɜɧɨɫɢɬ ɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ
ɧɭɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɢ ɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨ ɭɱɟɫɬɶ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ,
ɩɪɨ-ɬɟɤɚɸɳɟɣ ɧɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɯɨɞɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ, ɬɚɤɢɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɧɢɸ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɱɟɬɭ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ, ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɬɚɩɨɜ
ɪɟ-ɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɥɶɤɭ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ” (ɋ.Ʌ. Ɋ ɭ ɛ ɢ ɧ ɲ ɬ ɟ ɣ ɧ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 338). ɉɪɢ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɢ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ-ɦɢ ɜɚɠɧɨ „ɭɹɫɧɢɬɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɬɚɩ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ”, ɬ.ɟ. ɩɪɨɩɭɫɤɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ (ɧɚɩɪ., ɚɧɚɥɢɡ, ɫɢɧɬɟɡ, ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɨɬɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɦɵɫɥɶ
ɨɬ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ, ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɣ, ɬ.ɤ. ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ
ɬɪɟɛɭ-ɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ „ɨɬ ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɣ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ” (ɋ.Ʌ. Ɋ ɭ ɛ ɢ ɧ ɲ ɬ ɟ ɣ ɧ,
ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 338–339). ɋɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɟɢɯ ɪɚɡɧɨɜɢɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ (ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɪɚɡ-ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɣ) ɢ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɚɹ ɫɨɫɬɵɤɨɜɤɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ, ɬɨɱɧɟɟ, ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
ɢɧ-ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɨɛɞɭɦɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɜɡɚɢɦɨɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɸɬ
ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɪɭɝ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɟ
ɞɜɢ-ɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɝɨɥɨɜɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɦ ɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ.
ɧɢɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢɞɬɢ ɩɨ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɶɲɟɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ); ɟ)
ɭɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɧɨɜɵɦ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɟɨɛɵɱɧɵɦ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɦ ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɟɧɢɹɦ, ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɷɮɮɟɤɬɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ – ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ
ɮɪɚɝ-ɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɜɢɞɟɨɪɹɞɨɦ (ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɭɜɢɞɟɬɶ, ɱɟɦ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ), ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ
ɜɢɡɭɚɥɨɜ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɜ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
(ɜɢɡɭɚɥɨ-ɤɢ-ɧɟɫɬɟɬɢɤɨɜ, ɚɭɞɢɨ-ɜɢɡɭɚɥɨɜ)
17
; ɠ) ɫɤɥɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ
ɫɠɚ-ɬɵɯ ɞɨ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɭɦɚ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ – ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɚɬɤɢɯ
ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɧɨɦ
ɨɯɜɚ-ɬɟ ɢ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɢ ɞɥɢɧɧɵɯ ɨɯɜɚ-ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ, ɜ ɥɨɝɢɱɧɨɦ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɨɯɜɚ-ɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɢɯ
ɩɢɫɶ-ɦɟɧɧɨ- ɢ ɭɫɬɧɨɪɟɱɟɜɨɦ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ, ɜ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɟɪɧɭɬɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ
(ɛɨɥɟɟ 5–7 ɫɥɨɜ).
ɉɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɧɨ, ɧɨ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɞɚɠɟ
ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɚɹ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɛɟɫɩɨ-ɤɨɣɫɬɜɚ, ɬɨ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɟɟ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɣ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨ-ɰɟɫɫ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɳɭɬɢɦɨ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡɛɟɝɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ
ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɡɧɚɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
18
.
ɋ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ (ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ) ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
ɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ
ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɱɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ
ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶɸ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɦɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɊɄɂ, ɧɟ
ɨɪɢɟɧ-ɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɟɪɜɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɜɢɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɜ
ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜ-ɤɟ ɜɨ ɝɥɚɜɭ ɭɝɥɚ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ (ɩɨɞɝɨɧɤɚ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ), ɚ ɜ
ɭɦɟɧɶ-ɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɟɟ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɪɟɜɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
– „ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɠɟɧɢɹ”
19
.
________________
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Ɋɟɩɪɟɡɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɬɪɚɠɚɟɬ „ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ, ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɥɸɞɢ
ɜɨɫ-ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɦɢɪ” (Ɇ.Ⱥ. ɉ ɚ ɜ ɥ ɨ ɜ ɚ, ɂɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɭɪɫ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɪɚɦɨɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɇɅɉ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 1997, ɫ. 8–9).
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Ɋɚɬɭɟɦ ɡɚ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɟɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ, ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ
ɨɛɧɚɪɭ-ɠɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ, ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɨɜ ɫ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɵɦ
ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɢ ɩɪ. ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ (ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ, ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɢɫɬɚɦɢ,
ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɚɦɢ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɞɪ.). ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɡ-ɡɚ
ɧɟɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ, ɬɨɱɧɟɟ, ɟɟ ɭɱɟɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ
ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɊɄɂ, ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɫ ɨɩɨɪɨɣ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɵɣ ɨɩɵɬ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ,
ɞɟɣ-ɫɬɜɭɹ, ɩɨɪɨɣ, ɩɨ ɧɚɢɬɢɸ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ, ɩɨ-ɧɚɲɟɦɭ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ
ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱ-ɧɨ ɨɬɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱ-ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ. ɉɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɠɟ ɛɨɪɶɛɵ ɫ ɧɟɣ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɜɭɡɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɰɟɧɢɜɚɟɦ ɤɚɤ ɧɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ, ɬ.ɤ. ɫɨɦɧɟɜɚɟɦɫɹ ɜ
ɜɨɡɦɨɠ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɫɤɨɪɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɭɬɜɟɪɞɢɥɨɫɶ. Ⱦɭɦɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɝɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɟɟ
ɩɨ-ɩɵɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ, ɩɭɫɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ, ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟ-ɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɜ ɧɚɲɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢɡɛɟɠɚɬɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɩɪɨɹɜɥɟ-ɧɢɹ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ
ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɟɝɨ ɧɢɜɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ (ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɢɡɨɥɹɰɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɢɪɚ ɧɟ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢ-ɜɚɟɦ)?
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„ɗɮɮɟɤɬ ɫɤɨɥɶɠɟɧɢɹ” (ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɨ ɧɚɦɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ) – ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ
ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɛɟɡ ɭɝɥɭɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɢɯ ɫɭɬɶ ɢ ɜɞɭɦɱɢɜɵɯ
Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɱɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ
ɩɪɨ-ɰɟɫɫ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ, ɹɜɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ
„ɤɨɧɝɥɨɦɟ-ɪɚɬɨɦ, ɩɨ ɤɪɚɣɧɟɣ ɦɟɪɟ, ɬɪɟɯ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɯ: ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ, ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ
ɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ”
20
.
Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ, ɜɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, „ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɭɪɨɤ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ – ɷɬɨ
ɩɟɪɟ-ɤɪɟɫɬɨɤ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɷɬɨ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ”
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. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ,
ɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ, ɪɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ
ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɊɄɂ, ɩɨɞɪɚɡɭɦɟɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ:
– ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɧɚɰɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ,
ɢɧɢ-ɰɢɚɬɢɜɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ (ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ, ɢɧɬɟɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ, ɢɝɪɨɜɵɟ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ.),
ɱɬɨ ɫɨɡɜɭɱɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɯ ɤ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ, ɞɢɧɚɦɢɡɦɭ;
– ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɧɨ-ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ (ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɣ ɲɬɭɪɦ,
ɩɪɨɟɤɬɧɚɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ), ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ „ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ”
ɢ „ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɸ ɡɧɚɧɢɹɦɢ”
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, ɱɬɨ
ɫɨ-ɡɜɭɱɧɨ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɡɚɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɣ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ.
Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɦɟɥɨɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨɣ
ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɰɟɧɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɤɚɠɟɦ, ɛɵɫɬɪɨɟ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɨɞɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɢ ɦɨɧɨɬɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ.
ȼɚɠ-ɧɚ ɟɳɟ ɨɩɨɪɚ ȼɚɠ-ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɢɞɵ
ɪɚɛɨ-ɬɵ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɚɭɞɢɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ (ɡɚɞɚɧɢɹ ɩɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɰɭ, ɧɚɩɪ., ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɨɫɫɚɪɢɹ
ɩɨ ɬɟɦɟ, ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɨ-ɜɚɪɢɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɢɩɚ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɪɬ-ɮɨɥɢɨ, ɛɪɨɞɫɚɣɬɚ
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, ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɟ, ɧɚɩɪ., ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɤɭɫɫɢɢ).
ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɸ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɶɡɭ, ɞɚɠɟ ɷɬɢ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ
ɪɚɛɨ-ɬɵ, ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɧɟ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ (ɧɟ
ɝɨɜɨɪɹ ɨɛ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ), ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɞɥɹ
ɧɢɜɟ-ɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɞɢɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɢ
ɦɟɬɨ-ɞɢɤɨɣ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɊɄɂ, ɬ.ɟ. ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɣ.
________________
ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɞ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɬɶ
ɜ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɦɟɪɟ ɜɫɟɦ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɨɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɟɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. „ɗɮɮɟɤɬ ɫɤɨɥɶɠɟɧɢɹ”
ɦɨɠ-ɧɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɶ ɫ ɬ.ɧ. „ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɟɪɮɢɧɝɨɦ”, ɜɵɪɚɠɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɦɨɠ-ɧɨɦ
ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚ-ɧɢɢ ɦɵɫɥɟɣ ɛɟɡ ɫɨɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɦɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ, ɛɭɞɭɱɢ
ɧɟɨɛɪɟ-ɦɟɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɬɨ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɞɭɦɚɟɬ ɨɛɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɢ ɧɢ ɨ ɱɟɦ, ɛɟɡ
ɭɦɨɡɚɤɥɸ-ɱɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ.
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O.A. Ʌ ɟ ɨ ɧ ɬ ɨ ɜ ɢ ɱ, ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɸ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2007,
ɫ. 44.
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ɋ.Ƚ. Ɍ ɟ ɪ - Ɇ ɢ ɧ ɚ ɫ ɨ ɜ ɚ, əɡɵɤ ɢ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɹ, Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ 2008,
ɫ. 25.
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ɗ.Ƚ. Ⱥ ɡ ɢ ɦ ɨ ɜ, A.H. ɓ ɭ ɤ ɢ ɧ, ɭɤɚɡ. ɫɨɱ., ɫ. 255.
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Ȼɪɨɞɫɚɣɬ – ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ, ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɥɢɫɬɟ ɛɭɦɚɝɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ
ɮɨɪ-ɦɚɬɚ, ɞɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɫɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɛɟɡ ɤɨɧɜɟɪɬɚ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ
(ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟ-ɧɢɟ ɞɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɣ, ɩɨɱɟɪɩɧɭɬɵɯ ɢɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ-ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ).
Ʉ ɫɱɚɫɬɶɸ, ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɭ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɜɚ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɪɞɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɊɄɂ ɜ ɰɟɥɹɯ
ɭɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɞɢɫɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ. ɉɨ-ɧɚɲɟɦɭ,
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɨɫɦɵɫɥɢɬɶ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɤɭɪɫɟ ɫɚɦɵɯ
ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸ-ɳɢɯɫɹ ɟɟ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɜɧɨɫɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɤɨɪɪɟɤɬɢɜɵ, ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɬɟɣɥɢɜɵɟ (ɧɨ, ɤɚɤ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ,
ɞɶɹɜɨɥ ɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɥɨɱɚɯ!).
ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɜɟɫɨɦ ɩɟɪɟɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɤɚɦ
ɤɥɢ-ɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ, ɤɚɤ ɬɨ: ɚ) ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɧɨɟ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɟ
ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ/ɮɚɤɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ/ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ
ɩɪɨɲɥɨ-ɦɭ ɢ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɩɪɨɲɥɨ-ɦɭ (ɪɚɫɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɪɟɬɪɨ- ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɮɚɤɬɚɦɢ,
ɧɚɩɪ., ɉɨɦɧɢɬɟ, ɦɵ ɫ ɜɚɦɢ ɢɡɭɱɚɥɢ/ɝɨɜɨɪɢɥɢ ɨ…?, Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ
ɬɨ-ɬɨ, ɬ.ɤ. ɧɚɦ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɝɨɞɢɬɫɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɬɨ-ɬɨ),
ɨɛɪɚ-ɳɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɥɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɨɩɵɬɭ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɠɢɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ; ɛ) ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟ
ɪɚɫ-ɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ (ɜ ɬ.ɱ. ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɟ) ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɦ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɯ ɨɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɢɹ,
ɜɧɢ-ɤɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɭɬɶ, ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɧɨ-ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
ɫ ɢɧɵɦɢ ɮɚɤɬɚɦɢ, ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ
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; ɜ) ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɹ
ɞɨɥɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧ-ɧɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɝɨ, ɧɨ ɧɟɧɚɜɹɡɱɢɜɨɝɨ, ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤ
ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧ-ɧɨɦɭ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɭ (Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɦ…), ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɵɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ
ɦɟɠ-ɞɭ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɭɠɟ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɧɵɦɢ; ɝ) ɜɵɫɜɟɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ,
ɞɟɬɚɥɟɣ ɢ ɧɸɚɧɫɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ
(ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶ-ɧɨ-)ɚɭɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ.
Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɢ ɩɪɟɥɨɦɥɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɊɄɂ ɩɨɞ ɭɝɥɨɦ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ
ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ „ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɠɟɧɢɹ” ɫɬɨɢɬ ɜɨɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ
ɩɪɢɟ-ɦɨɦ ɦɚɫɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ
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, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɦɚɫɤɚ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ
ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬ-ɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɟɦɨɜ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɤɨɧɤɪɟɬ-ɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜ-ɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ (ɚɡɚɪɬ, ɛɵɫɬɪɨɬɚ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ, ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɬɶ
ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢ ɞɪ.), ɫɤɪɵɜɚɟɬ
ɰɟɥɟɢɧ-________________
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Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɟɦ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɫɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɬ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɪɨɥɶ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɚ ɜɨɡɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ
ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɛɟɫɯɢɬɪɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɫɶɛ, ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɜ ɞɭɯɟ
Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɢɬɟ ɦɧɟ, ɩɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ…, Ⱥ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɜɵ ɬɚɤ ɞɭɦɚɟɬɟ? ɢ ɩɨɞ., ɫɤɥɨɧɹɹ ɢɯ ɤ
ɪɚɫ-ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɹ ɢɯ ɦɵɫɥɶ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ, ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ
ɧɟɡɚ-ɦɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɝɪɭɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɭɦɶɹ, ɨɩɹɬɶ ɠɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɹ ɧɟɜɢɧɧɵɣ
ɯɨɞ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɬɢɩɚ Ⱥ ɱɬɨ, ɟɫɥɢ…, ɬɨ-ɬɨ…?, ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨ-ɬɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ/ɟɫɥɢ
ɬɨ-ɬɨ? ɢ ɩɪ. Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɬɢɱɧɨ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟ
ɚɥɨɝɢɱ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɭɠɞɟɧɢɣ, ɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɶɚɥɨɝɢɱ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ, ɧɟɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɚɥɨɝɢɱ-ɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɦɨɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ
ɭɱɚ-ɳɢɯɫɹ ɢ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɵɟ, ɫɤɚɠɟɦ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɹɫɧɵɟ, ɭɩɨɪɹɞɨɱɟɧɧɵɟ, ɰɟɥɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɨɫ-ɬɨ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɵɫɥɢ.
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Ɇɚɫɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ (ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɨɤ) – ɩɪɢɟɦ ɜ Ɏɨɬɨɲɨɩɟ, ɬ.ɟ. ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɟ, ɫɥɭɠɚɳɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɮɨɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ ɢ ɮɨɬɨɦɨɧɬɚɠɚ. Ɇɚɫɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ
ɨɫɧɨ-ɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɤɪɵɬɢɢ (ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɨɤ) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟ-ɧɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɢɯ ɭɞɚɥɟɢɡɨɛɪɚɠɟ-ɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ɫɦ.: K. E i s m a n n, Photoshop: maskowanie i
ɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɢɧɵɦ
ɜɢ-ɞɚɦ, ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɦ, ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɚɦ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ, ɚɧɚɥɢɡ,
ɫɢɧɬɟɡ, ɫɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɞɪ.)
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, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ, ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɦ
ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚ-ɰɢɢ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɦɚɫɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɫɟɧɢɢ
ɥɢɲɶ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɱɬɟɧɢɢ ɭɱɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ
ɚɭɬɟɧɬɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ.
Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɨɦ
ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɱɬɟɧɢɢ, ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ ɧɚ ɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɢ
ɫɨ-ɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɸ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɢɞɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɚɬɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɦɚɫɤɢ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ,
ɧɚɩɪ., ɬɚɤ: ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɨɛɦɟɧɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɧɚɛɨɪɚɦɢ
ɜɵɪɟɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ (ɥɭɱɲɟ – ɱɟɪɟɡ
ɂɧɬɟɪ-ɧɟɬ) ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɨɣ Ⱦɨɫɤɟ
ɨɛɴɹɜ-ɥɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɪɭɛɪɢɤɚɯ (2–4 ɲɬɭɤ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɢɡ 3–5 ɪɭɛɪɢɤ, ɱɶɹ
ɬɟ-ɦɚɬɢɤɚ ɧɟ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ). Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɭɱɚɳɢɟɫɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɢɪɭɸɬ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ
ɢɯ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɹ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɹ ɪɭɛɪɢɤ (ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ
ɪɚɫɫɱɢ-ɬɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɊɄɂ „ɫ ɧɭɥɹ”, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ 2–4 ɦɢɧɭɬɵ,
ɮɨɪɦɚ – ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫ, ɫɨɪɟɜɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ). ɉɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɚɫɤɢɪɨɜɨɱɧɵɯ
ɡɚ-ɞɚɧɢɣ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɣɬɢ ɤ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ.
Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɦ, ɦɚɫɤɚ (ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ – ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ
ɩɟɪ-ɜɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɧɨɜɵɦɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɢ) ɧɟ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ
ɤɚɤɢɯ--ɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ ɧɢ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ, ɧɢ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ. Ɂɚɬɨ ɨɧɚ
ɩɨɡɜɨ-ɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɸ ɧɚ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ
(ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞ(ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶ-ɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ, ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɫ
ɧɚ-ɪɟɡɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɦɢ, ɩɪɢɞɭɦɵɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɣ ɪɭɛɪɢɤ) ɢ ɧɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ
„ɷɮ-ɮɟɤɬɚ ɫɤɨɥɶɠɟɧɢɹ” (ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ
ɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɦɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɭɛɪɢɤ). Ʉ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɦɚɫɤɚ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɚ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɨ
ɧɚ-ɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ
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ɨɛɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ „ɧɟɤɥɢɩɨɜɵɯ” ɡɚɞɚɧɢɣ,
ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɣ, ɭɤɪɭɩɧɹɹ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ, ɩɟɪɟɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɢɯ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɜɚɹ
ɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɪɢɩɨɞɧɹɬɵɣ ɬɨɧ ɢ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɵɣ ɬɟɦɩ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ.
ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɲɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɤɢɜɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɫɭɬɶ ɦɚɫɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɫɜɨɞɢɦɚ
ɤ ɩɪɢɞɚɧɢɸ ɥɟɝɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɵ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɨɦɭ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɸ, ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɭɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ
ɚɬ-________________
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ɉɚɪɚɞɨɤɫ: ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɤɥɚɪɢɪɭɸɬ
ɬɹɝɨɬɟ-ɧɢɟ ɤ ɹɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ (ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ
ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ, ɜ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɩɪɟɞɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɟɜ ɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ
ɧɚ-ɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ, ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɣ, ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.). ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɱɚɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɨɛɟɫɤɭɪɚɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɝɨɥɨɜɨɥɨɦɧɵɦɢ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ, ɯɢɬɪɨɭɦɧɵɦɢ
(ɪɚɫ)ɫɭɠ-ɞɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɭɦɨɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ, ɯɢɬɪɨɫɩɥɟɬɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɪɝɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ),
ɤɜɚɡɢɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɤɜɢɥɢɛɪɢɫɬɢɤɨɣ.
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Ⱥɤɰɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ – ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ
ɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɮɚɤɬɟ, ɩɨɞɬɜɟɪɠɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɚɦɢ, ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɝɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɢ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɧɢɣ,
ɮɚɤ-ɬɨɜ, ɫɨɛɵɬɢɣ.
ɬɪɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ ɝɪɨɡɢɬ ɤɪɟɧɨɦ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ
ɥɟɝɤɨɜɟɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ „ɪɚɡɜɥɟɤɚɥɨɜɤɢ”. ɋɱɢɬɚɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɦɚɫɤɚ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ
ɧɟɫɬɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɟɪɧɨ „ɧɟɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɝɨ”
(ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨ-ɝɨ, ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨ(ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɤɨɝɧɢɬɢɜɧɨ-ɝɨ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɪ.) ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ/ɢɥɢ
ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟ-ɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ ɤ ɤɪɨɩɨɬɥɢɜɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ (ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɨɫɥɭɠɢɬɶ ɪɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɤɚ ɚɛɛɪɟɜɢɚɬɭɪ, ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɤɫɬɚɯ ɨɛɴɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ,
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɡɧɚɤɨɜ ɩɪɟɩɢɧɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɢ ɩɨɞ.).
ȼ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɟɫɦɨɬɪ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ
ɊɄɂ – ɥɢɲɶ ɤɪɨɯɨɬɧɵɣ ɲɚɠɨɤ ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ
ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɜɚɸɳɭɸɫɹ ɭ ɩɨɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɭɱɚɳɢɯɫɹ. Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ,
ɩɨɥɚɝɚ-ɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɯ ɊɄɂ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɭ ɧɢɯ
ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶ-ɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɥɢɩɨɜɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ
ɲɢɪɨɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹ ɫɜɨɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹɯ
ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɯ ɧɚɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ.
