View of Junzi 君子 as a Personal Model Presented in the Analects and Ethos bound with This Model

52&=1,.,+80$1,67<&=1( 7RP/;,,,]HV]\W± '2,KWWSG[GRLRUJUK .$7$5=<1$ 3(-'$ 

JUNZI

ੋᆀ-$.2:=Ï5262%2:<35=('67$:,21<

:ANALEKTACH ,(726=7<0:=25(0=:,Ą=$1<



: QLQLHMV]\P DUW\NXOH ]HEUDáDP L RPyZLáDP QDMZDĪQLHMV]H IUDJPHQW\ WHNVWX Analektów GRW\F]ąFH Z]RUX RVRERZHJR junzi RUD] HWRVX ] W\P Z]R UHP ]ZLą]DQHJR 7áXPDF]HQLH WHNVWX FKLĔVNLHJR MHVW PRMHJR DXWRUVWZD :FDá\PWHNĞFLHMHĞOLVWRVRZDQDMHVWWUDQVNU\SFMDMHVWWRpinyin

7HUPLQ ÄZ]yU RVRERZ\´ R]QDF]D ÄSU]HGPLRW DVSLUDFML´ PLDQHP QDĞOD GRZQLFWZD WHJR Z]RUX RNUHĞOD VLĊ ÄWHQGHQFMĊ GR XSRGDEQLDQLD VLĊ NLHUR ZDQą XĞZLDGRPLRQ\P OXE QLHXĞZLDGRPLRQ\P SU]HNRQDQLHP R GRGDWQLHM ZDUWRĞFL RVRE\ QDĞODGRZDQHM´_{ :F]HVQH UR]ZDĪDQLD QDG Z]RUDPL RVRER}

Z\PL]DZLHUDá\VLĊZG\VNXVMDFKRW\PMDNLSRZLQLHQE\üF]áRZLHNDWDNĪH R W\P F]\P MHVW SUDZG]LZH V]F]ĊĞFLH ']LDáR VLĊ WDN GODWHJR ĪH GHILQLFMD V]F]ĊĞFLDE\áDUyĪQDGODUyĪQ\FKZ]RUyZRVRERZ\FKZ]DOHĪQRĞFLRGWHJR MDNLHIHNWVSRáHF]Q\MHJRWZyUF\FKFLHOLRVLąJQąü_  'U.$7$5=<1$3(-'$± .DWHGUD6LQRORJLLQD:\G]LDOH1DXN+XPDQLVW\F]Q\FM.DWROLFNLHJR 8QLZHUV\WHWX/XEHOVNLHJR-DQD3DZáD,,DGUHVGRNRUHVSRQGHQFML$O5DFáDZLFNLH3/ /XEOLQHPDLONDWDU]\QDSHMGD#JPDLOFRP

_{0$5,$2662:6.$Ethos rycerski i jego odmianyZ\G:DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR1DX} NRZH3:1±

.$7$5=<1$ 3(-'$ 

:]yU RVRERZ\ SRVLDGD RNUHĞORQ\ V\VWHP ZDUWRĞFL F]\OL HWRV ethos :HGáXJ02VVRZVNLHMÄEthos>«@WRVW\OĪ\FLDMDNLHMĞVSRáHF]QRĞFLRJyOQD ±MDNSURSRQXMąQLHNWyU]\±RULHQWDFMDMDNLHMĞNXOWXU\SU]\MĊWDSU]H]QLąKLH UDUFKLDZDUWRĞFLEąGĨIRUPXáRZDQDexpliciteEąGĨGDMąFDVLĊZ\F]\WDü]OXG] NLFK]DFKRZDĔ>«@=DMPXMHP\VLĊethosemGDQHMJUXS\JG\VWZLHUG]DP\QD SU]\NáDG ]H MHM F]áRQNRZLH PDMą WHQGHQFMĊ GR UR]ZLą]\ZDQLD NRQIOLNWyZ ZVSRVyE SRNRMRZ\ DOER JG\ SU]HFLZQLH ] EURQLą Z UĊNX GRFKRG]ą FLąJOH VZRMHMZ\ĪV]RĞFL>«@EthosMHVWWHUPLQHPNWyU\VWRVXMHVLĊGRJUXSDQLHGR LQG\ZLGXyZ-HJR]DNUHVZ\]LHUDSR]DZDUWRĞFLNWyU\PL]DMPXMHVLĊHW\ND´_

2SLVXMąFethos junziQDOHĪ\]DWHPZ]LąüSRGXZDJĊZ\SRZLHG]L.RQIXF MXV]D GRW\F]ąFH WHJR MDNL SRZLQLHQ E\ü F]áRZLHN Z F]\P SRZLQLHQ ]QDM GRZDü XSRGREDQLH RG F]HJR SRZLQLHQ VWURQLü 6FKDUDNWHU\]XMĊ Z]yU RVR ERZ\junziRSLVDQ\ZAnalektachRGSRZLDGDMąFQDWDNSRVWDZLRQHS\WDQLD $QW\Z]RUHPjunziMHVWSURVWDN±xiao renሿӪGRVáµF]áRZLHNPDá\¶

:]yUjunzi]RVWDá]DU\VRZDQ\SU]H].RQIXFMXV]DGODMHJRXF]QLyZ±OXG]L SU]\JRWRZ\ZDQ\FK GR IXQNFML XU]ĊGQLF]\FK :H ZF]HVQHM ]DFKRGQLHM P\ĞOL ILOR]RILF]QHM SRMDZLDá\ VLĊ Z]RU\ DU\VWRNUDWyZ GOD DU\VWRNUDWyZ VWZRU]RQH SU]H]6RORQD3LQGDUD3ODWRQDDQDMEDUG]LHM]QDF]ąF\PZHGáXJ2VVRZVNLHM E\áRSLVDQ\ZF]ZDUWHMNVLĊG]HEtyki NikomachejskiejZ]yUF]áRZLHNDµVáXV] QLHGXPQHJR¶_{:]yUWHQPLDáVáXĪ\ü$OHNVDQGURZL0DFHGRĔVNLHPX]DUyZQR}

SRGF]DVU]ąG]HQLDSDĔVWZHPMDNLSRGF]DVSURZDG]HQLDZRMHQ_

: WHNĞFLH Analektów ]DPLDVW RSLVX JRWRZ\FK QRUP L ]DVDG NWyUH Z\ ]QDF]DMą FR VáXV]QH D FR QLH ]QDMGXMHP\ GRNáDGQH RSLV\ ]DFKRZDQLD L SR VWDZ\RVRE\SDUDG\JPDW\F]QHMjunzi_{1DMZDĪQLHMV]D]QLFKMHVWWDĪHjunzi}

]JRGQLH]LGHą zhengming ↓਽ PXVLSUDNW\NRZDüUHODFMHren ӱ



Ä>«@ -HĞOL junzi QLH SUDNW\NXMH ren MDN PRĪH ]\VNDü PLDQR junzi" Junzi QLH PRĪH ]DU]XFLü>SUDNW\NRZDQLD@renQDZHWQDPRPHQWMHGQHJRSRVLáNX1DZHWSRW\NDMąFVLĊ ZSRĞSLHFKXURELWR]JRGQLH>]ren@´ >«@ੋᆀ৫ӱヸᜑѾᡀ਽ㄋੋᆀ❑㍲伏ѻ䯃䚅ӱヸ䙐⅑ᗵᯬᱟヸ事⋋ᗵᯬᱟΏ  _7DPĪH _{-DN]DXZDĪD2VVRZVNDÄVáRZRµZLHONRGXV]Q\¶NWyU\P]Z\NáRVLĊQD]\ZDüWHQZ]yUMHVW} ZSUDZG]LH±MDNZLDGRPR±GRNáDGQ\PSU]HNáDGHPJUHFNLHJRmegalopsuchosMHGQDNĪHVáXV]QLH QDV]DWáXPDF]NDEtyki'DQLHOD*URPVND]D]QDF]D]HWUHĞüVáRZDµZLHONRGXV]Q\¶QLHRGSRZLDGD WUHĞFL$U\VWRWHOHVRZVNLHJRWHUPLQX´2662:6.$Ethos rycerski i jego odmiany

_7DPĪH

_{ .$5<1//$, ³/L LQ WKH Analects 7UDLQLQJ LQ 0RUDO &RPSHWHQFH DQG WKH 4XHVWLRQ RI} )OH[LELOLW\´Philosophy East and West

JUNZIੋᆀ-$.2:=Ï5262%2:<35=('67$:,21<:ANALEKTACH  Junzi PXVL SRVWĊSRZDü ]JRGQLH ] ren QDZHW MHĞOL EĊG]LH WR R]QDF]DáR XWUDWĊĪ\FLD;9UyZQLHĪ;,;

0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄ$QLF]áRZLHNXF]RQ\DQLF]áRZLHNRGGDQ\renQLHEĊG]LHUDWRZDü Ī\FLD]DFHQĊSRU]XFHQLDren5DF]HMSRĞZLĊFLĪ\FLHE\]DFKRZDüren”

ᆀᴠ˖³ᘇ༛ӱӪˈ❑≲⭏ԕᇣӱˈᴹ⇪䓛ԕᡀӱDŽ´

=L =KDQJ SRZLHG]LDá Ä: REOLF]X ]DJURĪHQLD F]áRZLHN V]ODFKHWQ\ JRWyZ MHVW SR ĞZLĊFLüĪ\FLHZLG]ąFNRU]\ĞüUR]P\ĞODRW\PFRVáXV]QHVNáDGDMąFRILDU\RND]XMH V]DFXQHNDEĊGąFZĪDáRELHSU]HSHáQLDJRVPXWHN´ ᆀᕥᴠ˖³༛㾻ড㠤ભˈ㾻ᗇᙍ㗙ˈ⾝ᙍᮜˈ௚ᙍ૰ˈަਟᐢ⸓´ JunziQLH]DOHĪQLHRGWHJRMDNąUROĊSU]\V]áRPXSHáQLüSRZLQLHQSU]HGH ZV]\VWNLPPLHüQDXZDG]HURELHQLHWHJRFRMHVWVáXV]QHyi 㗙DMHJRĪ\FLH QLHPDGODQLHJRZDUWRĞFLQDGU]ĊGQHM_{-HJRQDMZDĪQLHMV]\P]DGDQLHPMHVW} QDZLą]\ZDQLHLSUDNW\NRZDQLHUHODFMLren:W\PFHOXSRZLQLHQSRV]XNLZDü SU]\MDFLyáZĞUyGOXG]LVRELHSRGREQ\FK±ZĞUyGLQQ\FKjunziRenWRÄQDU]Ċ G]LH´MHJRÄSUDF\´NWyUDSROHJDQDZVSLHUDQLXLQQ\FKZGąĪHQLXGRLGHDáX PRUDOQHJR:WHQVSRVyEjunziGRVNRQDOLVLĊPRUDOQLHDLQQLOXG]LHVWDMąVLĊ MHJREUDüPL;,,;,,,9

6LPD 1LX ] WURVNą SRZLHG]LDá Ä:V]\VF\ PDMą EUDFL W\ONR MD MHVWHP VDP´ =L ;LD SRZLHG]LDáÄ6á\V]DáHPĪHĪ\FLHLĞPLHUü]DOHĪąRGmingDGRVWDWHNLERJDFWZDRG

tian. -HĞOLjunzi]DFKRZXMHVLĊJRGQLHLQLHSRSHáQLDEáĊGyZRND]XMHLQQ\PV]DFXQHNL

G]LDáD ]JRGQLH ] QRUPDPL li ZV]\VF\ OXG]LH Vą PX EUDüPL -DN ]DWHP junzi PRĪH VNDUĪ\üVLĊ]HQLHPDEUDFL´" ਨ俜⢋ឲᴠ³ӪⲶᴹݴᕏˈᡁ⦘ӑDŽ´ᆀ༿ᴠ˖³୶㚎ѻ⸓˖↫⭏ᴹભˈᇼ䋤൘ ཙDŽੋᆀᮜ㘼❑ཡˈ㠷Ӫ᚝㘼ᴹ⿞DŽഋ⎧ѻޗˈⲶݴᕏҏDŽੋᆀօᛓѾ❑ݴᕏ ҏ˛  _{Zhuzi jicheng Zhuzi jicheng}

_{ 3RGREQH FHFK\ SRZLQLHQ SRVLDGDü Z]yU RVRERZ\ RSLVDQ\ SU]H] $U\VWRWHOHVD Ä3RGF]DV} ZDON µVáXV]QLH GXPQ\¶ PXVL VWDZLDü G]LHOQLH F]RáD QLHEH]SLHF]HĔVWZRP QLH V]F]ĊG]Lü Ī\FLD SDPLĊWDMąF]HQLH]DZV]HONDFHQĊZDUWRMHVWĪ\ü1DMZLĊNV]\PGREUHP]HZQĊWU]Q\PGODF]áR ZLHNDµVáXV]QLHGXPQHJR¶MHVWMHJRF]HĞü´2662:6.$Ethos rycerski i jego odmian\

_{/DXSRGDMHĪHZW\PUR]G]LDOHmingLtianR]QDF]DMDming. (QR]DXZDĪDĪHEUDWHP6LPD} 1LXE\áZUyJ.RQIXFMXV]D+XDQ7XL6LPD1LXPyZL]DWHPRW\PĪHQLHPDEUDWDNWyU\]D FKRZXMHVLĊZREHFQLHJRMDNEUDW 

.$7$5=<1$ 3(-'$ 

=HQJ]L SRZLHG]LDá ÄJunzi G]LĊNL VZHM RJáDG]LH QDZLą]XMH SU]\MDĨĔ X SU]\MDFLyá >RF]HNXMH@SRPRF\ZSUDNW\NRZDQLXren”

ᴮᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀԕ᮷ᴳ৻ˈԕ৻䕄ӱ

0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄ1DMSLĊNQLHMV]HVąVLHG]WZRWRVąVLHG]WZRren-DNPRĪQDQD]ZDü PąGU\PWHJRNWyU\>PDMąFZ\EyU@QLHZ\ELHU]H]DVąVLHG]WZR ren"´

ᆀᴠ˖³䟼ӱ⛪㖾DŽ᫷н㲅ӱˈ✹ᗇ⸕˛´

Ren ]QDMGRZDáR VLĊ QDMZ\ĪHM Z KLHUDUFKLL ZDUWRĞFL junzi %\áR QDMZ\Ī V]\P ]RERZLą]DQLHP VWDQRZLąF\P PRUDOQą SRGVWDZĊ ZV]\VWNLFK G]LDáDĔ LUR]ZDĪDĔRVRE\SDUDG\JPDW\F]QHM_{2]QDF]DWRWDNĪHĪHQDMZ\ĪHMZKLH}

UDUFKLLVWRMąZV]\VWNLHSRMĊFLD]ZLą]DQH]ren:HPSDWLDshuᚅSRF]XFLHSR ZLQQRĞFLzhongᘐV\WXDF\MQDQRUPDPRUDOQDyi㗙RUD]QRUP\RE\F]DMRZH li⿞.6WDQRZLąRQHGODjunziNRPSDVPRUDOQ\

6\WXDF\MQD QRUPD yi WR ÄPLHUQLN´ ZáDĞFLZHJR SRVWĊSRZDQLD Z NDĪGHM V\WXDFML_{:UR]G]LDOHNVLĊJL;9,.RQIXFMXV]Z\UDĨQLHPyZLRW\PĪH} ZV]\VWNLH]P\Vá\LFDáDZUDĪOLZRĞüjunziPDE\üXNLHUXQNRZDQDQDRGQDM G\ZDQLHZNDĪGHMV\WXDFMLWHJRFRVáXV]QH 0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄ']LHZLĊüU]HF]\]DSU]ąWDXP\VájunziNLHG\SDWU]\FKFHZLG]LHü Z\UDĨQLHNLHG\VáXFKDFKFHVá\V]HüGREU]HFKFHE\Z\JOąGZ\UDĪDáV]DFXQHNPyZL RW\PFR]JRGQLH]SRF]XFLHPSRZLQQRĞFL>F]\QL@F]\QLZV]\VWNR]RGSRZLHGQLP QDVWDZLHQLHP JG\ PD ZąWSOLZRĞFL ]DVLĊJD UDG\ EDF]\ QD NRQVHNZHQFMH VZRMHJR JQLHZXDZREOLF]XNRU]\ĞFLP\ĞOLRW\PFRVáXV]QH´ ᆄᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀᴹҍᙍ˖㿆ᙍ᰾ˈ㚭ᙍ㚠ˈ㢢ᙍⓛˈ䊼ᙍ᚝ˈ䀰ᙍᘐˈһᙍᮜˈ ⯁ᙍ୿ˈᘯᙍ䴓ˈ㾻ᗇᙍ㗙´ Junzi PXVLDáSRVWĊSRZDü]JRGQLH]QRUPąyiZNDĪGHMV\WXDFMLZNWyUHM VLĊ]QDOD]á2]QDF]DWRĪHSRZLQLHQE\üZUDĪOLZ\PRUDOQLHHPSDW\]RZDü ]LQQ\PLOXGĨPLDE\Z]EXG]LüZVRELHSRF]XFLHSRZLQQRĞFLzhong-HJR SRVWDZĊ PXVLDá FKDUDNWHU\]RZDü V]DFXQHN ZREHF LQQ\FK ,QQ\PL VáRZ\ junzi SRZLQLHQ GRNáDGDü ZV]HONLFK VWDUDĔ DE\ LQWHUDNFMH Z NWyUH ZFKRG]L RUD] UHODFMH NWyUH SRGWU]\PXMH E\á\ KDUPRQLMQH 3RGREQ\ SRJOąG QD WHPDW ]ZLą]NXjunzi RUD]yi Z\UD]LáD.DU\Q//DL_

 _{Zhuzi jicheng}  _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{/$,³/LLQWKHAnalects´} _7DPĪH _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{/$, ³/LLQWKHAnalects´}

JUNZIੋᆀ-$.2:=Ï5262%2:<35=('67$:,21<:ANALEKTACH 

,QQHFHFK\WDNLHMDNQSRGZDJDUyZQLHĪVąZDĪQHDOHW\ONRZWHG\NLH G\VáXĪąSRVWĊSRZDQLX]JRGQHPX]QRUPąyi:DUWRWHĪ]ZUyFLüXZDJĊQD UyĪQLFH Z NRQVHNZHQFMDFK F]\QyZ ± ZWHG\ JG\ junzi SRSHáQLD EáąG NRQ VHNZHQFMHVąRZLHOHSRZDĪQLHMV]HQLĪNLHG\WHQVDPEáąGSRSHáQLF]áRZLHN SURVW\;9,, =L/X]DS\WDáÄ&]\junziFHQLVRELHRGZDJĊ´0LVWU]RGSRZLHG]LDáÄJunziQDMZ\ĪHM FHQL WR FR VáXV]QH Junzi SRVWĊSXMąF RGZDĪQLH OHF] QLH]JRGQLH ]W\P FR VáXV]QH F]\QLFKDRV3URVWDNSRVWĊSXMąFRGZDĪQLHOHF]QLH]JRGQLH]W\PFRVáXV]QHVWDMHVLĊ ]EyMFą´ ⷟䐟ᴠ˖³ੋᆀቊࣷѾㄋ´ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀ㗙ԕ⛪кΏੋᆀᴹࣷ㘼❑㗙⛪ҲˈሿӪᴹ ࣷ㘼❑㗙⛪䥫´

: UR]G]LDOH  NVLĊJL ;9, .RQIXFMXV] PyZL ZREHF F]HJR L NRJR junzi F]XMHUHVSHNW

0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄ:REHFWU]HFKU]HF]\junziF]XMHUHVSHNWZREHFtianmingZREHF ZDĪQ\FKOXG]LLZREHFVáyZPĊGUFyZ´

ᆄᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀᴹй⭿˖⭿ཙભˈ⭿བྷӪˈ⭿㚆Ӫѻ䀰´Ώ>«@ :UR]G]LDOHNVLĊJL,9SRMDZLDVLĊQDVWĊSXMąFDZ\SRZLHGĨ

0LVWU] SRZLHG]LDá Ä7\ONR WHQ NWR MHVW ren SRWUDIL >SUDZG]LZLH@ NRFKDü RUD] QLH QDZLG]Lü´ ᆀᴠ˖³ୟӱ㘵㜭ྭӪˈ㜭ᜑӪ´ :NRQWHNĞFLHLQQ\FKZ\SRZLHG]L.RQIXFMXV]DLQIRUPDFMDĪHjunziPRĪH NRJRĞ QLHQDZLG]Lü Z\GDMH VLĊ GRĞü ]DJDGNRZD -HGQDNĪH Z UR]G]LDOH  NVLĊJL ;9,, ]QDMGXMHP\ SRWZLHUG]HQLH ĪH Vą SHZQH FHFK\ L ]DFKRZDQLD ZREHFNWyU\FKjunziSRZLQLHQĪ\ZLüV]F]HJyOQąQLHFKĊü =L*RQJSRZLHG]LDáÄ&]\VąU]HF]\NWyU\FKjunziQLHQDZLG]L´0LVWU]RGSRZLHG]LDá Ä6ąJunziQLHQDZLG]LW\FKNWyU]\Z\]ZDODMą]áRZLQQ\FK1LHQDZLG]LW\FKNWyU]\ VáXĪąFVZRLPSDQRPSRPDZLDMąLFK1LHQDZLG]LW\FKNWyU\FKFHFKXMHRGZDJDOHF] QLH SU]HVWU]HJDMą QRUP li 1LHQDZLG]L W\FK NWyU]\ G]LDáDMą V]\ENR OHF] EH] ]UR]XPLHQLD´1DVWĊSQLH0LVWU]]DS\WDáÄ&LDF]\VąU]HF]\NWyU\FKW\QLHQDZLG]LV]´ =L*RQJRGSRZLHG]LDáÄ1LHQDZLG]ĊW\FKNWyU]\FXG]ąPąGURĞüSRGDMąMDNRZáDVQą  _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng}

.$7$5=<1$ 3(-'$ 

QLHQDZLG]Ċ W\FK NWyU]\ VZą EH]F]HOQRĞü XZDĪDMą ]D RGZDJĊ RUD] W\FK NWyU]\ VZą JDGDWOLZRĞüP\Oą]RWZDUWRĞFLą´ ᆀ䋒ᴠ˖³ੋᆀӖᴹᜑѾ˛´ᆀᴠ˖³ᴹᜑ˖ᜑちӪѻᜑ㘵ˈᜑትл⍱㘼䁅к㘵ˈ ᜑࣷ㘼❑⿞㘵ˈᜑ᷌ᮒ㘼ヂ㘵DŽ´ᴠ˖³䌌ҏӖᴹᜑѾ˛´³ᜑᗬԕ⛪⸕㘵ˈᜑнᆛ ԕ⛪ࣷ㘵ˈᜑ䁀ԕ⛪ⴤ㘵¶ 2WZDUWH Z\UDĪDQLH QLHFKĊFL D QDZHW QLHQDZLĞFL GR SHZQ\FK ]DFKRZDĔ LFHFKPRĪHG]LZLü$OHSRGREQHVWZLHUG]HQLDQDWHPDWF]áRZLHNDÄVáXV]QLH GXPQHJR´SU]\WDF]D2VVRZVND Ä>«@SUDZGRPyZQRĞüLRWZDUWRĞüRERZLą ]XMąµVáXV]QLHGXPQHJR¶ERWR]QDPLRQDF]áRZLHNDNWyU\VLĊQLHERL6WDü JRQDWRE\RWZDUFLHNRFKDüLRWZDUFLHQLHQDZLG]LHü1LHSU]\VWRVRZXMHVLĊ áDWZRGRLQQ\FKERMHVWZW\PFRĞQLHZROQLF]HJR´_{JunziMDNRRVREDNWyUD} XPLDáD UR]SR]QDZDü MDNLH G]LDáDQLD Vą D MDNLH QLH Vą ]JRGQH ]yi PLDáD SUDZRRWZDUFLHSRWĊSLDüOXG]LNWyU]\SRVWĊSRZDOLQLH]JRGQLH]QRUPDPLyi Lli DFR]DW\PLG]LH±SRZRGRZDOLVSRáHF]Q\FKDRV JunziSRZLQLHQZLHU]\üZVLHELHLSROHJDüQDVZRLPRVąG]LHZNOXF]R Z\FK]DWHPV\WXDFMDFKQLHSRZLQLHQVLĊZDKDü-DNSRGDMH/DLÄ>«@junzi PLDá V]HURNLH GRĞZLDGF]HQLH Z UyĪQHJR URG]DMX V\WXDFMDFK L NRQWDNWDFK ]UyĪQ\PLOXGĨPL']LĊNLWHPXGRĞZLDGF]HQLXE\áSHZLHQVZRLFKXPLHMĊWQR ĞFL Z UDG]HQLX VRELH Z UyĪQ\FK V\WXDFMDFK L QLH REDZLDá VLĊ QRZ\FK U]H F]\´_{=UR]G]LDáXNVLĊJL;,9Z\QLNDĪHjunziE\áZROQ\RGREDZLUR]}

WHUHNPRUDOQ\FK

0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄJunziSRVLDGDWU]\FHFK\NWyU\FKMDQLHPDP7HQNWyU\MHVWren ZROQ\ MHVW RG QLHSRNRMX WHQ NWyU\ MHVW PąGU\ >QLJG\@ VLĊ QLH ZDKD WHQ NWyU\ MHVW RGZDĪQ\>QLJG\@VLĊQLHERL´=L*RQJU]HNáÄ0LVWU]XPyZLV]RVDP\PVRELH´ ੋᆀ䚃㘵йˈᡁ❑㜭✹˖ӱ㘵нឲˈ⸕㘵нᜁˈࣷ㘵нᠬDŽ´ᆀ䋒ᴠ˖³ཛᆀ㠚 䚃ҏ´ :UR]G]LDOHNVLĊJL;9.RQIXFMXV]FKDUDNWHU\]XMąFjunziZ\SRZLDGDá VLĊZSRGREQ\PGXFKX 0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄJunziSRZLQLHQE\üVWDQRZF]\OHF]QLHGURELD]JRZ\´ ᆀᴠㄆ³ੋᆀ䋎㘼н䄂´  _{Zhuzi jicheng}

_{2662:6.$Ethos rycerski i jego odmiany±} _{/$,³/LLQWKHAnalects´}

JUNZIੋᆀ-$.2:=Ï5262%2:<35=('67$:,21<:ANALEKTACH 

: UR]G]LDOH  NVLĊJL ;,,, MHVW PRZD R W\P Z MDNL VSRVyE junzi PD NLHURZDü OXGĨPL 3RQRZQLH PyZL VLĊ ĪH junzi QLH SRZLQLHQ NLHURZDü VLĊ QLF]\PLQQ\PMDNW\ONRW\PFRMHVWZRNUHĞORQHMV\WXDFMLVáXV]QH. 8PLHMąF UR]SR]QDüMDNLPL]GROQRĞFLDPLREGDU]HQLVąOXG]LHSRZLQLHQ]DWUXGQLDüLFK ]JRGQLH XPLHMĊWQRĞFLDPL 3HáQLĊ ]DGRZROHQLD RVLąJD MHG\QLH ZWHG\ NLHG\ ZV]HONLHG]LDáDQLDVą]JRGQH]dao 0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDá: „JunziWRF]áRZLHNNWyUHPXáDWZRVáXĪ\üDOHQLHáDWZRJRXUDGR ZDü1LHEĊG]LHXFLHV]RQ\MHĞOLG]LDáDQLHMHVWQLH]JRGQH]daoJG\FKRG]LRNLHUR ZDQLHOXGĨPLZ\PDJDRQRGQLFKW\ONRW\OHQDLOHLFKVWDü3URVWDNWRF]áRZLHNNWy UHPXWUXGQRVáXĪ\üDOHáDWZRJRXUDGRZDü=DGRZROLJRQDZHWG]LDáDQLHQLH]JRGQH ]daoOHF]JG\FKRG]LR]DU]ąG]DQLHOXGĨPLZ\PDJDRQRGQLFKE\XPLHOLZV]\VWNR´ ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀ᱃һ㘼䴓䃚ҏ˖䃚ѻнԕ䚃ˈн䃚ҏ˗৺ަ֯ӪҏˈಘѻDŽሿӪ䴓 һ㘼᱃䃚ҏ˖䃚ѻ䴆нԕ䚃ˈ䃚ҏ˗৺ަ֯Ӫҏˈ≲ۉ✹´

: UR]G]LDOH  NVLĊJL ;,; SRMDZLDMą VLĊ NROHMQH LQIRUPDFMH GRW\F]ąFH WHJRZMDNLVSRVyEjunziQDZLą]\ZDáUHODFMH]OXGĨPL

8F]QLRZLH=L;LD]DS\WDOL=L=KDQJDMDNSRZLQQRVLĊQDZLą]\ZDüUHODFMH=L=KDQJ ]DS\WDá Ä$ FR SRZLHG]LDá =L ;LD"´ =L ;LD U]HNá ĪH QDOHĪ\ XWU]\P\ZDü VWRVXQNL ] ZáDĞFLZ\PLRVREDPLDQLHZáDĞFLZHRGU]XFDü´=L=KDQJSRZLHG]LDáÄ-DVá\V]DáHP FRLQQHJRJunziSRZLQLHQV]DQRZDüV]ODFKHWQ\FKLE\üRWZDUW\PQDLQQ\FK3RZLQLHQ SRFKZDODüGREU\FKLZVSyáF]XüW\PNWyU]\VąRGQLHJRJRUVL-HĞOLMHVWHPSUDZG]LZLH V]ODFKHWQ\WRGODF]HJRPDPQLHE\üRWZDUW\QDLQQ\FK-HĞOLQLHMHVWHPV]ODFKHWQ\WR OXG]LHEĊGąPQLHRGU]XFDOLMDNĪHV]MDPyJáE\PLFKRGU]XFDü"´ ᆀ༿ѻ䮰Ӫ୿ӔᯬᆀᕥΏᆀᕥᴠㄆ³ᆀ༿Ӂօㄋ´ሽᴠㄆ³ᆀ༿ᴠㄆµਟ㘵㠷ѻヸަ нਟ㘵ᤂѻΏ¶´ᆀᕥᴠㄆ³⮠Ѿ੮ᡰ㚎ㄆੋᆀሺ䌒㘼ᇩ⵮ヸహழ㘼⸌н㜭Ώᡁѻ བྷ䌒㠷ヸᯬӪօᡰнᇩㄋᡁѻн䌒㠷ヸӪሷᤂᡁヸྲѻօަᤂӪҏㄋ´ 8F]QLRZLH=L;LDEáĊGQLHLQWHUSUHWRZDOLLQQHZ\SRZLHG]LZNWyU\FKPRZD MHVW R W\P ĪH junzi SRZLQLHQ REUDFDü VLĊ Z WRZDU]\VWZLH OXG]L VRELH SR GREQ\FK =L =KDQJ XZDĪDá ]H QDOHĪ\ UR]SR]QDZDü OHSV]\FK RG VLHELH DOH MHGQDN QLH QDOHĪ\ Ī\ZLü QLHFKĊFL GR W\FK NWyU]\ Vą REGDU]HQL LQQ\PL XPLH MĊWQRĞFLDPLQLĪjunzi_



_{Zhuzi jicheng}

_{3RUÄ>6áXV]QLHGXPQ\@áDWZRQLHSRG]LZLDLQLHMHVWVNáRQQ\GRFKZDOHQLDLGRJDQLHQLD} LQQ\FKGRVNDUJDQLSUyĞE6NDUJLLSURĞE\ĞZLDGF]\á\E\RW\P]HPXQDF]\PĞEDUG]R]DOHĪ\´ 2662:6.$Ethos rycerski i jego odmiany

_{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng}

_{3RUÄ>«@QLHZROQRPX>F]áRZLHNRZLÄVáXV]QLHGXPQHPX@RND]\ZDüVZHMVLá\VáDEV]\P} ER WR SURVWDFNLH 0XVL SRZĞFLąJDü VZRMD Z\QLRVáRĞü ZREHF QLĪHM V\WXRZDQ\FK SU]\ELHUDü

.$7$5=<1$ 3(-'$  :UR]G]LDOHNVLĊJL9.RQIXFMXV]REMDĞQLáZMDNLVSRVyESRZLQLHQ]D FKRZ\ZDüVLĊjunziZVWRVXQNXGRLQQ\FKOXG]L 0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáR=L&KDQLHÄ3RVLDGDáF]WHU\FHFK\NWyUHFKDUDNWHU\]XMąjunzi± MHJR ]DFKRZDQLH FHFKRZDáD VNURPQRĞü VZ\P ]ZLHU]FKQLNRP VáXĪ\á ] V]DFXQNLHP ZVWRVXQNXGROXGXE\ááDVNDZ\NLHURZDáQLP]JRGQLH]W\PFRE\áRVáXV]QH´ ᆀ䄲ᆀ⭒³ᴹੋᆀѻ䚃ഋ✹˖ަ㹼ᐡҏ᚝ˈަһкҏᮜˈަ伺≁ҏᜐˈަ֯≁ ҏ㗙´Ώ

Junzi ]DMPXMH VLĊ VLĊ GRVNRQDOHQLHP PRUDOQ\P ± SRVWĊSRZDQLHP ]JRG Q\P ] dao 䚃 'REUD PDWHULDOQH L Z\JRG\ FLHOHVQH PLDá\ GOD QLHJR ]QD F]HQLHGUXJRU]ĊGQH_{:DUWRSU]\SRPQLHüĪH.RQIXFMXV]]DOLF]DáSRZRG]H}

QLHPDWHULDOQHRUD]GREUH]GURZLHGRVIHU\mingભORVXF]\OLWHMQDNWyUą F]áRZLHNQLHSRVLDGDĪDGQHJRZSá\ZXLGODWHJRQLHSRZLQLHQVLĊQLą]DMPR ZDü1LHSU]\VWRLWR]ZáDV]F]Djunzi3RWZLHUG]HQLHWHJR]QDMGXMHP\ZSR QLĪV]\FKV\WXDFMDFK,,9;9

0LVWU] SRZLHG]LDá ÄJunzi QLH GED R WR E\ E\ü V\W\P OXE Z\JRGQLH PLHV]NDü -HVW ZF]\QDFKV]\ENLOHF]RVWURĪQ\ZPRZLH6]XNDEOLVNRĞFL]W\PLNWyU]\]QDMądao LXQLFKV]XNDZ]RUyZGRQDĞODGRZDQLD´

ᆀᴠㄆ³ੋᆀ伏❑≲伭ヸት❑≲ᆹヸ᭿ᯬһ㘼᝾ᯬ䀰ቡᴹ䚃㘼↓✹>«@´ 0LVWU] SRZLHG]LDá Ä'RVWDWHN L ERJDFWZR WR WR F]HJR OXG]LH SUDJQą OHF] MHĞOL QLH PRJą E\ü ]GRE\WH ]JRGQLH ] dao OHSLHM LFK QLH SRVLDGDü %LHGD L QLVNL VWDQ WR WR F]HJROXG]LHQLHQDZLG]ąOHF]QLHQDOHĪ\LFKXQLNDüMHĞOLVą]JRGQH]dao´

ᆀᴠ˖³ᇼ㠷䋤ᱟӪѻᡰⅢҏˈнԕަ䚃ᗇѻˈн㲅ҏ˗䋗㠷䌔ᱟӪѻᡰᜑҏˈ

нԕަ䚃ᗇѻн৫ҏ´

0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄJunziP\ĞOL>WURV]F]\VLĊ@RdaoDQLHSRĪ\ZLHQLX8SUDZDUROL QLHVLH ]H VREą >U\]\NR@ JáRGX 1DXND >GDMH QDG]LHMĊ QD@ GRFKRG\ XU]ĊGQLND Junzi PDUWZLVLĊRdaoQLHPDUWZLVLĊELHGą´

ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀ䄰䚃н䄰伏DŽ㙅ҏˈ佂൘ަѝ⸓˗ᆨҏˈ⾯൘ަѝ⸓DŽੋᆀឲ䚃н

ឲ䋗´



QDWRPLDVW WDND SRVWDZĊ ZREHF OXG]L QD Z\VRNLFK VWDQRZLVNDFK´ 2662:6.$ Ethos rycerski i jego odmiany

_{Zhuzi jicheng}

_{3RUĵ6áXV]QLHGXPQ\¶MHVWV]F]RGU\LPDSDĔVNLJHVWSU]\F]\P]DFKRZXMHRQZáDĞFLZD} SURSRUFMHPLHG]\SOHEHMVNLPV]DIRZDQLHPSLHQLĊG]PLDPDáRVWNRZ\PGRQLFKSU]\ZLą]DQLHP´ 2662:6.$Ethos rycerski i jego odmLDQ\

_{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng}

JUNZIੋᆀ-$.2:=Ï5262%2:<35=('67$:,21<:ANALEKTACH  Junzi SRZLQQD FHFKRZDü VNURPQRĞü 6ZRMH G]LDáDQLD SRGHMPXMH RQ QLH GOD VSRáHF]QHM DSUREDW\ F]\ SRNODVNX OHF] ] SRWU]HE\ F]\QLHQLD WHJR FR VáXV]QH;9_

0LVWU] SRZLHG]LDá Ä7R FR junzi SU]\VSDU]D WURVN WR QLH MHVW EUDN VáDZ\ OHF] EUDN XPLHMĊWQRĞFL´ ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀ⯵❑㜭✹ˈн⯵Ӫѻнᐡ⸕ҏ´Ώ 3RGREQLHZ\SRZLDGDVLĊQDWHQWHPDW.RQIXFMXV]ZUR]G]LDOHNVLĊJL,9 0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄ1LHPDUWZVLĊW\PĪHQLHPDV]VWDQRZLVNDPDUWZVLĊW\PĪHE\ QDQLH]DVáXĪ\ü1LHPDUWZVLĊW\PĪHQLNWFLĊQLH]QDPDUWZVLĊRWRDE\ĞE\áZDUW WHJRĪHE\E\ü]QDQ\P´ ᆀᴠㄆ³нᛓ❑սヸᛓᡰԕ・ㄇнᛓ㧛ᐡ⸕ヸ≲⛪ਟ⸕ҏ´Ώ JunziSRZLQLHQGąĪ\üGRWHJRDE\SRĞPLHUFLOXG]LHRQLPQLH]DSRPQLHOL ;9

0LVWU] SRZLHG]LDá ÄJunzi PDUWZL VLĊ W\P ĪH SR MHJR ĞPLHUFL MHJR LPLĊ SRRVWDQLH QLH]QDQH´

ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀ⯮⋂ц㘼਽нち✹´

.ROHMQąZDĪQąFHFKąRSLV\ZDQHJRZWHNĞFLHAnalektówZ]RUXRVRERZH JRjunziE\áDUyZQRZDJDSRPLĊG]\wenDzhi9,

0LVWU] SRZLHG]LDá Ä>1D]\ZDP\@ F]áRZLHND QLHRNU]HVDQ\P MHĞOL ZURG]RQD QDWXUD ELHU]H JyUĊ QDG QDE\Wą RJáDGą MHĞOL QDE\WD RJáDGD SU]HZDĪD QDG ZURG]RQą QDWXUą F]áRZLHNVWDMHVLĊSHGDQWHPLIRUPDOLVWą*G\RJáDGDLQDWXUDVąZUyZQRZDG]HZWHG\ F]áRZLHNVWDMHVLHjunzi ᆀᴠ˖³䌚ऍ᮷ࡷ䟾ˈ᮷ऍ䌚ࡷਢDŽ᮷䌚ᖜᖜˈ❦ᖼੋᆀ´ Zhi R]QDF]DQDWXUĊFKDUDNWHUL]GROQRĞFL]NWyU\PLF]áRZLHNSU]\FKRG]L QDĞZLDWwen]DĞR]QDF]DWRFRF]áRZLHNRWU]\PXMHZSURFHVLHNV]WDáFHQLD  _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{3RUÄ>«@QLH]DVáXĪRQDQLHVáDZDJR>VáXV]QLHGXPQHJR@QLHREFKRG]LDF]NROZLHNQLHSX} V]F]D SáD]HP ĪDGQHM GR]QDQHM REHOJL ]QRV]HQLH ERZLHP ]QLHZDJL VSRNRMQLH WR U]HF] QLHZRO QLF]D´2662:6.$Ethos rycerski i jego odmiany

_{Zhuzi jicheng}  _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng}

.$7$5=<1$ 3(-'$ 

QDE\WH XPLHMĊWQRĞFL L FHFK\ FKDUDNWHUX Junzi SRSU]H] SURFHV VDPRGRVNR QDOHQLD SRZLQLHQ Z\SUDFRZDü Z VRELH EDODQV PLĊG]\ VZRMą QDWXUą zhi 䌚 RUD]RJáDGąwen ᮷/DLXZDĪDĪHZ\SUDFRZDQLHWHJREDODQVXMHVWJáyZQ\P FHOHPUR]ZRMXPRUDOQHJR_{3LHUZRWQ\P]QDF]HQLHPwenE\áRµSLĊNQ\Z]yU¶}

DZRGQLHVLHQLX GR F]áRZLHND wen WR SLĊNQH FHFK\ NWyUH QDE\á Z SURFHVLH HGXNDFML 7HNVW Analektów ]DZLHUD LQIRUPDFMH ĪH PáRG]L OXG]LH XF]\OL VLĊ 6]HĞFLX 6]WXN >ޝ㰍 /L <u@ áXF]QLFWZD SRZRĪHQLD SLVDQLD PDWHPDW\NL RUD] OLWHUDWXU\ L PX]\NL 1DMZLĊNV]\ MHGQDN ZSá\Z QD VDPRGRVNRQDOHQLH L]DFKRZDQLH JRGQH junzi PLDá\ GZLH RVWDWQLH G]LHG]LQ\_{. 7R Z OLWHUDWXU]H} PáRG\F]áRZLHNSRV]XNLZDáZ]RUFyZ]DFKRZDĔ =DUyZQRRJáDGDwenMDNLQDWXUDzhiE\á\UyZQLHLVWRWQH7RFRZURG]R QHF]\OLGREUDQDWXUDQLHZ\VWDUF]DáRDE\F]áRZLHNVWDáVLĊjunzi43_;,, -L=L&KHQJSRZLHG]LDáÄ8junziQDMZDĪQLHMV]DMHVWMHJRZURG]RQDQDWXUDSRFyĪPX QDE\WDRJáDGD´=L*RQJSRZLHG]LDáÄ7RSU]\NUH>ĪHZWHQVSRVyE@PyZLV]Rjunzi 1DZHWF]WHU\NRQLHQLHGRJRQLą>]áHJR@MĊ]\ND1DE\WDRJáDGDMHVWUyZQLHLVWRWQDMDN QDWXUDQDWXUD]DĞMHVWUyZQLHLVWRWQDMDNQDE\WDRJáDGD-HĞOLSR]EDZLV]W\JU\VDVNyU\ OXEODPSDUWDVLHUĞFLQLHEĊG]LHVLĊUyĪQLüQLF]\PRGVNyU\SVDOXENR]\´ Ἀᆀᡀᴠ˖³ੋᆀ䌚㘼ᐢ⸓ˈօԕ᮷⛪˛´ᆀ䋒ᴠ˖³ᜌѾʽཛᆀѻ䃚ˈੋᆀҏDŽ 倏н৺㠼DŽ᮷⥦䌚ҏˈ䌚⥦᮷ҏDŽ㱾䊩ѻ䷏ˈ⥦⣜㖺ѻ䷏´ :Analektach QLHPDDQLMHGQHMZ\SRZLHG]L.RQIXFMXV]DNWyUDZVSRVyE MHGQR]QDF]Q\SRUXV]DáDE\]DJDGQLHQLHOXG]NLHMQDWXU\VDPWHNVWMHGQDNRE ILWXMHZUyĪQHJRURG]DMXUR]ZDĪDQLDLRFHQ\PRUDOQHQLHEH]SRĞUHGQLRGRW\ F]ąFHOXG]NLHJRSRVWĊSRZDQLD-HĞOLZHĨPLHVLĊSRGXZDJĊMDNRJURPQąRG SRZLHG]LDOQRĞüGRW\F]ąFąXPLHMĊWQRĞFLRGNU\FLDZáDĞFLZ\FKPHWRGSRVWĊSR ZDQLDZNDĪGHMV\WXDFMLQDNáDGDá.RQIXFMXV]QDNDĪGHJRF]áRZLHNDPRĪQD VWZLHUG]LüĪHĪ\ZLáRQZLHONąZLDUĊZF]áRZLHNDLZWRĪHNDĪG\PDQLH RJUDQLF]RQHPRĪOLZRĞFLUR]ZRMXPRUDOQHJR0RUDOQRĞüE\áDZHGáXJQLHJR VIHUąNWyUąNDĪG\F]áRZLHNRGNU\ZDáVDP.RQIXFMXV]QLHSR]RVWDZLáSRVR ELH ĪDGQHJR VSLVX QRUP OXE GHILQLFML NWyU\ MHGQR]QDF]QLH VWZLHUG]DáE\ ĪH WDNLHOXELQQH]DFKRZDQLHMHVWSRSUDZQHOXEQLHSRSUDZQH]SXQNWXZLG]HQLD PRUDOQHJR 8ZDĪDá ĪH NDĪGHJR F]áRZLHND SRZLQQR SURZDG]Lü MHJRZáDVQH



_{.$5<1//$, Confucian Moral Cultivation. Some Parallels with Musical Training Z} .,0&+21*&+21*625+817$1&/7(1The Moral Circle and Self: Chinese and Western Approaches&DUXV3XEOLVKLQJ

_{'&/$8Confucius. The Analects/RQGRQ3HQJXLQ%RRNV} _{7DPĪH}

JUNZIੋᆀ-$.2:=Ï5262%2:<35=('67$:,21<:ANALEKTACH  dao 䚃 ming ભ RUD] tianming ཙભ NWyUH PRĪH E\ü ]UR]XPLDáH MHG\QLH SU]H]QLHJRVDPHJR'RX]\VNDQLDWHJRURG]DMXĞZLDGRPRĞFLQLH]EĊGQDE\áD HGXNDFMD RUD] ZROD 0RĪQD ]DWHP SRZLHG]LHü ĪH .RQIXFMXV] ]DNáDGDá ĪH ZURG]RQDQDWXUDOXG]NDPDZVRELHSRF]ąWNRZ\HOHPHQWFKĊFLSRGąĪDQLDZH ZáDĞFLZ\PPRUDOQLHNLHUXQNX=GXĪ\PSUDZGRSRGRELHĔVWZHPPRĪQDSU]\ SXV]F]DüĪHW\PHOHPHQWHPE\áDZAnalektachFQRWDde ᗧ.

&]áRZLHN NWyU\ QDE\á RJáDG\ wen RUD] QDXF]\á VLĊ SU]HVWU]HJDQLD QRUP li PLDá GXĪą V]DQVĊ QD RVLąJQLĊFLH Z\VRNLHJR VWRSQLD UR]ZRMX PRUDOQHJR :UR]G]LDOHNVLĊJL9,MHVWPRZDRUHODFMLSRPLĊG]\liDwen

0LVWU] SRZLHG]LDá Ä1DXF]RQ\ RJáDG\ L SU]HVWU]HJDMąF\ QRUP li junzi QLH ]ERF]\ ]H VZHMGURJL´

ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀঊᆨᯬ᮷ˈ㌴ѻԕ⿞ˈӖਟԕᕇ⮄⸓ཛʽ´

= WHJR WHNVWX Z\QLND ĪH ]QDF]HQLH wen MHVW V]HUV]H 2]QDF]D RQR QLH W\ONR ÄQRUP\ SRSUDZQHJR ]DFKRZDQLD´ ÄQRUP\ RE\F]DMRZH´ OXE ÄHW\NLH WĊ´. Li ] GUXJLHM VWURQ\ R]QDF]D QRUP\ ]DFKRZDQLD NWyUH Vą DNFHSWRZDQH VSRáHF]QLHDQDZHWUHOLJLMQLH0RĪQDSRZLHG]LHüĪHF]áRZLHNPRĪHGRVNR QDOLü VLĊ W\ONR ZWHG\ NLHG\ ]QD QRUP\ NXOWXURZH L WUDG\F\MQH ]Z\F]DMH 7\P QLHPQLHM VDPR SRVWĊSRZDQLH ]JRGQH ] W\PL QRUPDPL QLH MHVW Z\VWDU F]DMąFHGRRVLąJQLĊFLDSHáQLGRVNRQDáRĞFLPRUDOQHM_

=UR]G]LDáXNVLĊJL9,Z\QLNDNROHMQDZDĪQDFHFKDjunzi%\áRQSU]H ]QDF]RQ\ GR Z\ĪV]\FK FHOyZ D MHJR VSRVyE E\FLD QLH PyJá SU]\SRPLQDü VSRVREX ]DFKRZDQLD F]áRZLHND Z\NRQXMąFHJR VWRVXQNRZR SURVWH ]DMĊFLD Junzi QLHSRZLQLHQ]DWHPRJUDQLF]DüVLĊGRSRVLDGDQLDNRQNUHWQ\FKLSU]\ SLVDQ\FKMHGQHPX]DZRGRZLXPLHMĊWQRĞFLSRQLHZDĪMHJR]DGDQLHPQLHE\áR Z\NRQ\ZDQLHSUDF\U]HPLHĞOQLNDDQLXU]ĊGQLND,,  0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄJunzi QLHMHVWQDU]ĊG]LHP´ ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀнಘ´

: UR]G]LDOH  NVLĊJL ,; .RQIXFMXV] SRZLHG]LDá ĪH SRVLDGá ZSUDZG]LH ZLHOHGUREQ\FKXPLHMĊWQRĞFLDOHVWDáRVLĊGODWHJRĪHZPáRGRĞFLE\áXERJL 'RGDáMHGQDNĪHjunziQLHMHVW]RERZLą]DQ\GRLFKQDE\ZDQLD



_{Zhuzi jicheng}

_{/$,Confucian Moral Cultivation} _{Zhuzi jicheng}

.$7$5=<1$ 3(-'$  Ä>«@:PáRGRĞFLE\áHPELHGQ\GODWHJRXPLHPZ\NRQ\ZDüZLHOHSURVW\FKSUDF&]\ junziSRZLQLHQXPLHüZLHOH"1LHQLHMHVWPXWRSRWU]HEQH´ Ä>«@੮ቁҏ䌔ˈ᭵ཊ㜭䝉һDŽੋᆀཊѾૹ˛нཊҏDŽ´ :UR]G]LDOH;,,,.RQIXFMXV]NU\W\NXMHVZRMHJRXF]QLD)DQ&KL]DFKĊü XF]HQLDVLĊU]HF]\NWyUHVąjunzi ]XSHáQLHQLHSRWU]HEQH6ąQLPLVLHZ]ERĪD LSURZDG]HQLHGRPX

)DQ &KLSRSURVLá DE\QDXF]RQRJRXSUDZ\ ]EyĪ 0LVWU] RGSRZLHG]LDá Ä1LHMHVWHP GRĞZLDGF]RQ\MDNVWDU\UROQLN´:WHG\SRSURVLáDE\QDXF]RQRJRRJURGQLFWZD0LVWU] SRZLHG]LDá Ä1LH PDP GRĞZLDGF]HQLD VWDUHJR RJURGQLND´ *G\ )DQ &KL Z\V]HGá 0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄ)DQ&KLMHVWSURVWDNLHPxiao ren*G\ZáDG]DNRFKDQRUP\li ZWHG\OXGQLHĞPLHMHMQLHV]DQRZDüNLHG\ZáDGF\NRFKDMąF]\QLüWRFRMHVWVáXV]QH yi ZWHG\ OXG QLH EĊG]LH ĞPLDá VLĊ VSU]HFLZLDü D NLHG\ ZáDGF\ NRFKDMą V]F]HURĞü F]\QyZ L VáyZ QLH EĊG]LH ĞPLDá QLH RND]\ZDü LP XF]Xü -HĞOL NWRĞ VWDQLH VLĊ WDNL OXG]LH]HZV]\VWNLFKVWURQEĊGąJDUQąüVLĊGRQLHJRQLRVąFVZRMHG]LHFL3RFyĪPX ]DWHPXPLHMĊWQRĞüXSUDZ\]EyĪ"´ ›䚢䃻ᆨぬˈᆀᴠ˖³੮нྲ㘱䗢DŽ´䃻ᆨ⛪ളDŽᴠ˖³੮нྲ㘱ളDŽ´›䚢ࠪDŽᆀ ᴠ˖³ሿӪૹˈ›丸ҏʽкྭ⿞ˈࡷ≁㧛ᮒнᮜ˗кྭ㗙ˈࡷ≁㧛ᮒнᴽ˗кྭ ؑˈࡷ≁㧛ᮒн⭘ᛵDŽཛྲᱟˈࡷഋᯩѻ≁㽱䋐ަᆀ㘼㠣⸓ˈ✹⭘ぬ´ =WHNVWXAnalektówZ\QLNDĪH junziQLHSRZLQLHQZ\NUDF]DüSR]DVZRMH RERZLą]NL±SRZLQLHQ]DMPRZDüVLHGRNáDGQLHW\PFRMHVW]JRGQH]SHáQLR QąSU]H]QLHJRIXQNFMąRUD]VWDWXVHP;,9SRGREQLHMDNZ9,,,

0LVWU] SRZLHG]LDá Ä1LH ]DSU]ąWDM VRELH JáRZ\ VSUDZDPL VWDQRZLVND NWyUHJR QLH ]DMPXMHV]´=HQJ]LVNRPHQWRZDáÄJunziQLHP\ĞOLRU]HF]DFKNWyUHZ\NUDF]DMąSR]D ]DNUHVMHJRVWDQRZLVND´

ᆀᴠ˖³н൘ަսˈн䄰ަ᭯DŽ´ᴮᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀᙍнࠪަս´

1LH SRZLQLHQ WDNĪH ]DMPRZDü VLH VSUDZDPL PLOLWDUQ\PL ± SU]HPRF SR ZLQQDE\üPXREFD;9 .VLąĪĊ/LQJ]:HL]DS\WDá.RQIXFMXV]DRXVWDZLDQLHZRMVNDZV]\NXERMRZ\P.RQ IXFMXV]RGSRZLHG]LDáÄ=JáĊELDáHPQLHJG\ĞXVWDZLDQLHV]\NRZDQLHQDF]\ĔRILDUQ\FK OHF]QLJG\QLHXF]\áHPVLĊVSUDZZRMVNRZ\FK´1DVWĊSQHJRGQLDZ\MHFKDá  _{Zhuzi jichen} _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng}

JUNZIੋᆀ-$.2:=Ï5262%2:<35=('67$:,21<:ANALEKTACH 

㺋䵸ޜ୿䲣ᯬᆄᆀDŽᆄᆀሽᴠ˖³׾䉶ѻһˈࡷే㚎ѻ⸓˗䓽᯵ѻһˈᵚѻᆨҏDŽ´ ᰾ᰕ䙲㹼

Junzi QLHSRZLQLHQSU]\ZLą]\ZDüVLĊGRQLHLVWRWQ\FKVSUDZ F]\SUDNW\N ;,;

=L;LDSRZLHG]LDáÄ1DZHWGUREQHXPLHMĊWQRĞFLPDMąZVRELHFRĞJRGQHJRREVHUZDFML OHF]junzi VLĊW\PQLH]DMPXMHREDZLDMąFVLĊĪHXWNQLH±WDNMDNZĊGURZLHFZGDOHNLHM SRGUyĪ\ERLVLĊĪHXWNQLHZEáRFLH'ODWHJRjunziWHJRQLHF]\QL´

ᆀ༿ᴠ˖³䴆ሿ䚃ˈᗵᴹਟ㿰㘵✹˗㠤䚐 ⌕ˈᱟԕੋᆀн⛪ҏ´Ώ

3HZQH SRGRELHĔVWZD GR RSLVDQHJR SRZ\ĪHM DVSHNWX G]LDáDOQRĞFL junzi, Z\ND]XMH RSLVDQ\ SU]H] $U\VWRWHOHVD ÄVáXV]QLH GXPQ\´ 2VVRZVND SRGDMH ĪH Ä$U\VWRWHOHV X]XSHáQLá LQIRUPDFMH R Z]RU]H RVRERZ\P µVáXV]QLH GXP QHJR¶ZPolityce:V]HONLHSUDFHSáDWQHVąQLHGRSXV]F]DOQHµERZLHP]ZLH P\ >MH@ Z\UREQLF]\PL ER RGELHUDMą RQH VZRERGĊ RGGDZDQLD VLĊ ]DMĊFLRP XP\VáRZ\P L REQLĪDMą LQWHOHNW¶´_{ : LQQ\P PLHMVFX 2VVRZVND GRGDMH}

Ä>«@SRQDGWRNWR]DUDELDVWDMHVLĊZSHZQ\PVWRSQLXQLHZROQLNLHPĩDGQHM QDXNL QLH QDOHĪ\ GRSURZDG]Dü GR PLVWU]RVWZD 0X]\NĊ QD SU]\NáDG QDOHĪ\ XSUDZLDü]DPáRGXQDW\OHE\XPLHüRFHQLüNXQV]WFXG]\DOHSyĨQLHMQDOHĪ\ MHMXSUDZLDQLH]DU]XFLü'RXSUDZLDQLDFQRW\LUR]ZLMDQLDG]LDáDOQRĞFLSROL W\F]QHM SRWU]HED ZROQHJR F]DVX &L NWyU]\ WHQ ZROQ\ F]DV PDMą SRZLQQL PLHü ZáDVQRĞü ]LHPVNą Z UĊNDFK D UROĊ SRZLQQL XSUDZLDü QLHZROQLF\ OXE EDUEDU]\ĔF\ Z VąVLHG]WZLH PLHV]NDMąF\´_{ 2E\GZD RSLV\ Z]RUyZ RVRER}

Z\FK NáDGą GXĪ\ QDFLVN QD WR ĪH OXG]LH GR QLFK DVSLUXMąF\ Vą SUHGHVW\QR ZDQL GR F]\QQRĞFL LQQ\FK QLĪ ]Z\NáH SUDFH F]\ XPLHMĊWQRĞFL WHFKQLF]QH NWyUH PRJą E\ü Z\NRQ\ZDQH SU]H] NDĪGHJR =DUyZQR ]DGDQLHP junzi MDN LÄVáXV]QLHGXPQHJR´E\áR]DMPRZDQLHVLĊ]DGDQLDPLLQWHOHNWXDOQ\PL±SR ZLQQLRQLZLG]LHüLDQDOL]RZDüVSUDZ\ZPRĪOLZLHQDMV]HUV]\PNRQWHNĞFLH EH]]DSU]ąWDQLDVRELHXP\VáXEáDKRVWNDPL

Junzi PXVLDá E\ü RVREą ZLDU\JRGQą GRWU]\P\ZDü VáRZD 'ODWHJR WHĪ PXVLDáZ\SRZLDGDüVLĊRVWURĪQLHL]UR]ZDJą±PyZLüW\ONRRW\PFRIDN W\F]QLH PRĪH L ]DPLHU]D XF]\QLü 7HJR URG]DMX UDG\ SRMDZLDMą VLĊ Z UR] G]LDáDFK,,L,9



_{Zhuzi jichen} _{Zhuzi jicheng}

_{2VVRZVND ]D $5<6727(/(6 Polityka WáXP/8':,.3,2752:,&= :URFáDZ 2VVROLQHXP} ,9D

.$7$5=<1$ 3(-'$  =L*RQJ]DS\WDáRjunzi0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄ-HJRF]\Q\Z\SU]HG]DMąVáRZDWHSR GąĪDMą]DF]\QDPL´ ᆀ䋒୿ੋᆀᆀᴠ˖³ݸ㹼ަ䀰ˈ㘼ᖼᗎѻ´ 0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄJunziSUDJQLHE\üUR]ZDĪQ\ZVáRZDFKOHF]V]\ENLZF]\QDFK´ ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀⅢ䁕ᯬ䀰ˈ㘼᭿ᯬ㹼 :UR]G]LDOHNVLĊJL;,;MHVWPRZDRW\PĪHZ\JOąG]HZQĊWU]Q\L]D FKRZDQLHjunziUyZQLHĪQLHPRJąE\üSU]\SDGNRZHJunziSRZLQLHQ]DFKR Z\ZDüVLĊWDNDE\Z]EXG]DüV]DFXQHNDOHQLHVWUDFK_ =L;LDSRZLHG]LDáÄ:\JOąGjunziWU]HPXOHJD]PLDQRP]GDOHNDZ\JOąGDGRVWRMQLH JG\VLĊ]EOLĪ\±áDJRGQLHDJG\JáRVMHJRXVá\V]\P\±VWDQRZF]R´ ᆀ༿ᴠ˖³ੋᆀᴹй䆺˖ᵋѻݬ❦ˈণѻҏⓛˈ㚭ަ䀰ҏৢ´ 3U]HFLZLHĔVWZHPZ]RUFDRVRERZHJRjunziF]\OLDQW\Z]RUHPMHVW xiaoren. -HJR SU]\ZDU\ PLDá\ SRGNUHĞOLü GRVNRQDáRĞü junzi D WDNĪH SR UD] NROHMQ\ SU]HVWU]HFOXG]LFKFąF\FKQDĞODGRZDüZ]RU]HFRVRERZ\SU]HG]DFKRZDQLD PLQLHJRGQ\PLjunzi59_

Xiao ren GRVáRZQLH F]áRZLHN PDá\ WR F]áRZLHN PDMąF\ QD Z]JOĊG]LH SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLP NRU]\Ğü PDWHULDOQą XP\Vá ]DSU]ąWDMą PX VSUDZ\ EáDKH -HVW ]DGXIDQ\ Z VRELH OXEL SRFKOHEVWZD ]D VZRMH QLHSRZRG]HQLD REZLQLD LQQ\FK Z\PDJD RG QLFK ZLĊFHM QLĪ RG VLHELH VDPHJR L QLH Z\FLąJD ZQLR VNyZ ] EáĊGyZ NWyUH SRSHáQLD -HVW QLHVWDELOQ\ PRUDOQLH QLH SROHJD QD VZRLPRVąG]LH]DFKRZXMHVLĊ]DWHPQHUZRZR:\QLNDWR]IDNWXĪH±MDN WZLHUG]L/DL±ÄWHQNWyU\QLH]QDRERZLą]XMąF\FKQRUPLMHVWQLHSHZQ\F]\ WR FR F]\QL MHVW VáXV]QH PXVL E\ü ]DWHP SHáHQ QLHSRNRMX´_{ : SU]HFL}  _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{2VVRZVNDSRGDMHĪH$U\VWRWHOHVUyZQLHĪ]DOHFDáXPLDUNRZDQH]DFKRZDQLHÄ5XFK\F]áRZ} LHND µVáXV]QLH GXPQHJR¶ PDMą E\ü SRZROQH QLH ]Z\Ná RQ ERZLHP VLĊ ĞSLHV]\ü :V]DN NWR VLĊ VSLHV]\]GUDG]DĪHQDF]\PĞPX]DOHĪ\QLHZLHOH]DĞU]HF]\]DVáXJXMHQDXZDJĊµVáXV]QLHGXP QHJR¶>3RZLQLHQRQ@XQLNDüĪ\Z\FKUXFKyZLPyZLüVSRNRMQLHSRGQLHVLRQ\ERZLHPJORVLĪ\ZD JHVW\NXODFMD]GUDG]DMąUR]GUDĪQLHQLHZNWyUHQLJG\QLHSRSDGDNWRĞGODNRJRQLFQLHMHVWZDĪQH >«@FLHV]\VLĊRQ±ZVSRVyE]UHV]WąXPLDUNRZDQ\±Z\áąF]QLHW\PLZ\UD]DPLX]QDQLDNWyUH SRFKRG]ąRGOXG]LV]ODFKHWQ\FK´2662:6.$Ethos rycerski i jego odmiany

 _{Zhuzi jicheng}

_{3RGREQLHXF]\QLá7HRIUDVWXF]HĔ$U\VWRWHOHVDZVZRLFKCharakterach2VVRZVNDSLV]H} ĪHÄVNUHĞOLáRQZZL]HUXQHNSURVWDNDNWyU\PyJáE\VáXĪ\üXZ\SXNOHQLXU\VyZF]áRZLHNDµVáXV] QLHGXPQHJR¶SU]H]SU]HFLZVWDZLHQLH´2662:6.$Ethos rycerski i jego odmiany

JUNZIੋᆀ-$.2:=Ï5262%2:<35=('67$:,21<:ANALEKTACH 

ZLHĔVWZLH GR junzi NWyU\ SRVLDGD FHFK\ PLĊNNLH L MHGQRF]ąFH VSRáHF]QRĞü SURVWDNSRVWĊSXMąFHJRLVW\F]QLHLSVXMHUHODFMHPLĊG]\OXGĨPL_

2SLVµF]áRZLHND PDáHJR¶xiao ren PRĪQDSRUyZQDüGRRSLVXSURVWDND NWyUHJRVFKDUDNWHU\]RZDá7HRIUDVWÄZ\W\NDáRQSURVWDNRZLKDáDĞOLZRĞüUX FK\QLHXPLDUNRZDQHIDPLOLDUQRĞüZREHFVáXĪE\LSRGHMU]OLZRĞüZVWRVXQNX GR EOLVNLFK QLHG\VNUHFMH GURELD]JRZH VNąSVWZR QDGPLHUQH LQWHUHVRZDQLH VLĊ FHQDPL 3URVWDN SR]ZDOD VRELH QDGWR WDĔF]\ü QD WU]HĨZR RWZLHUDü VDP GU]ZLĞSLHZDüZNąSLHOL$REXZLHQRVL]DGXĪH´_

2Zą]ELHĪQRĞüPLĊG]\VáRZDPL7HRIUDVWDLW\PL]DZDUW\PLZAnalektach ZLGDü Z ZLHOX IUDJPHQWDFK 0LĊG]\ LQQ\PL ] UR]G]LDáX  NVLĊJL ;9, Z\ QLNDĪH xiao renSRJDUG]DVSUDZDPLZLHONLPLERLFKQLHUR]XPLH

Ä>«@ 3URVWDN QLH ]QD QDND]yZ QLHELRV tianming GODWHJR QLH F]XMH SU]HG QLPL UHVSHNWX:LHONLFKOXG]LWUDNWXMH]SRJDUGąNSL]HVáyZPĊGUFyZ´ >«@ሿӪн⸕ཙભ㘼н⭿ҏˈ⣾བྷӪˈמ㚆Ӫѻ䀰´ .DWDORJFHFKSURVWDNDSRMDZLDVLĊZAnalektachZV\PHWU\F]Q\PSRU]ąG NXGR]ELRUXZáDĞFLZRĞFLjunzi ,, 0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄJunzi MHGQRF]\LQLHNRQNXUXMHSURVWDNNRQNXUXMHLQLHMHGQRF]\´ ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀઘ㘼н∄ˈሿӪ∄㘼нઘ´  ,9

0LVWU] SRZLHG]LDá ÄJunzi FHQL VRELH ZDUWRĞFL PRUDOQH SURVWDN FHQL VRELH NRU]\ĞFL PDWHULDOQHJunzi FHQLVRELHVSUDZLHGOLZRĞüSURVWDNFHQLVRELHQDJURG\´

ੋᆀᠧᗧˈሿӪᠧ൏˗ੋᆀᠧࡁˈሿӪᠧᜐ´ ,9



_{2EVHUZDFMĊ .RQIXFMXV]D SRWZLHUG]DMą ZVSyáF]HVQH EDGDQLD Ä1D]E\W RJUDQLF]RQD VWUXN} WXUD-$Z\]ZDODHJRFHQWU\]PNWyUHPXGDVLĊ]DUDG]LüJG\ĞZLDGRPRĞüSRGPLRWXMHVWZLĊNV]D 2F]\ZLĞFLHQLHMHVWWR]DOHĪQRĞüGHWHUPLQLVW\F]QDZW\PVHQVLHĪHNDĪG\NWRyZVWRSLHĔĞZLD GRPRĞFLRVLąJQLHEĊG]LHZVZRLPG]LDáDQLXUHVSHNWRZDüSUDZDLQQ\FKMHGQDNPRZDFDá\F]DV MHG\QLHR]GROQRĞFLGRWDNLHJRUHVSHNWRZDQLD:SU]\SDGNXRVyERQLHUR]ZLQLĊW\FKVWUXNWXUDFK SR]QDZF]\FK]GROQRĞüWDMHVWZ\UDĨQLHRJUDQLF]RQD´0,526à$:.2:$/6.,L'$1,(/)$/&0$1 wiadomo aksjologiczna i podmiotowo etyczna. Analizy i impresje.UDNyZ,PSXOV

_{2662:6.$Ethos rycerski jego odmiany} _{Zhuzi jicheng}

_{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jichen}

.$7$5=<1$ 3(-'$  0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄ8P\Vájunzi ]DSU]ąWDWRFRMHVWVáXV]QHXP\VáSURVWDND]DSU]ąWD NRU]\ĞüPDWHULDOQD´ ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀ௫ᯬ㗙ˈሿӪ௫ᯬ࡙´ 9,, 0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄJunziMHVWVSRNRMQ\LSHZQ\VLHELHSURVWDNMHVWSHáHQQLHSRNRMX´ ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀඖ㮙㮙ˈሿӪ䮧ᡊᡊ´ ;,, 0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄJunziVWDUDVLĊXPDFQLDüWRFRZOXG]LDFKGREUHDQLHWRZOX G]LDFK]áH3URVWDNF]\QLZUĊF]SU]HFLZQLH´ ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀᡀӪѻ㖾ˈнᡀӪѻᜑDŽሿӪ৽ᱟ´ ;,,, 0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄJunziXWU]\PXMHKDUPRQLMQHVWRVXQNL]OXGĨPLDOHQLHVWDUDVLĊLFK QDĞODGRZDü 3URVWDN XVLáXMH QDĞODGRZDü LQQ\FK DOH QLH XPLH XWU]\P\ZDü ] QLPL KDUPRQLMQ\FKVWRVXQNyZ´ ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀ઼㘼н਼ˈሿӪ਼㘼н઼´ ;,,, 0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄJunziMHVWG\VW\QJRZDQ\DOHQLHS\V]Q\3URVWDNMHVWS\V]Q\DOH QLHG\VW\QJRZDQ\´ ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀ⌠㘼н傅ˈሿӪ傅㘼н⌠´ ;9

0LVWU] SRZLHG]LDá Ä7R F]HJR V]XND junzi V]XND Z VDP\P VRELH WR F]HJR V]XND SURVWDNV]XNDZLQQ\FK´

ᆀᴠ˖³ੋᆀ≲䄨ᐡˈሿӪ≲䄨Ӫ´ ;9

0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄJunziQLHPXVLVLH]QDüQDGURELD]JDFKOHF]PRĪQDSRZLHU]DüPX ZLHONLH VSUDZ\ 3URVWDNRZL QLH QDOHĪ\ SRZLHU]Dü ZLHONLFK VSUDZ OHF] PRĪH RQ ]DMPRZDüVLHGURELD]JDPL´ ᆀᴠㄆ³ੋᆀнਟሿ⸕ヸ㘼ਟབྷਇҏㄇሿӪнਟབྷਇヸ㘼ਟሿ⸕ҏ´  _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng}

JUNZIੋᆀ-$.2:=Ï5262%2:<35=('67$:,21<:ANALEKTACH  ;,; =L;LDSRZLHG]LDáÄ-HĞOLSURVWDNSRSHáQLEáąGWRQDSHZQRJREĊG]LHXSLĊNV]Dá´ ᆀ༿ᴠ˖³ሿӪѻ䙾ҏᗵ᮷´ ,9 0LVWU]SRZLHG]LDáÄ&LNWyU]\QLHSUDNW\NXMąrenQLHPRJąZ\WUZDüZFLĊĪNLFKZD UXQNDFK DQL Z UDGRVQ\P VWDQLH &L NWyU]\ ren SUDNW\NXMą ]QDMGXMą Z QLP VSRNyM PĊGUF\XSDWUXMąVZHMNRU]\ĞFLZSUDNW\NRZDQLXren´ ᆀᴠ˖³нӱ㘵нਟԕѵ㲅㌴ˈнਟԕ䮧㲅′DŽӱ㘵ᆹӱˈ⸕㘵࡙ӱ´Ώ :UR]G]LDOHNVLĊJL9,,,=HQJ]LPyZLĪHjunzi PXVLVLĊGRVNRQDOLüGR SyNLĞPLHUüQLH]DNRĔF]\MHJRĪ\FLDQLHRF]HNXMąF]DWRĪDGQHMQDJURG\ =HQJ]LSRZLHG]LDáÄ8F]RQ\QLHPRĪHQLHE\üVLOQ\LZ\WUZDá\±MHJRRERZLą]HNMHVW FLĊĪNLDGURJDGDOHND3RVWĊSRZDü]JRGQLH]renXZDĪD]DVZyMRERZLą]HN">2ER ZLą]HNWHQ@NRĔF]\VLĊGRSLHURSRĞPLHUFLF]\ĪQLHMHVWWRGDOHNR"´ ᴮᆀᴠ˖³༛нਟԕнᕈ⇵ˈԫ䟽㘼䚃䚐DŽӱԕ⛪ᐡԫˈнӖ䟽Ѿ˛↫㘼ᖼᐢˈ нӖ䚐Ѿ˛

= SRZ\ĪHM ]DF\WRZDQ\FK ]GDĔ Z\QLND ĪH Z]yU RVRERZ\ junzi WR F]áR ZLHNSUDNW\NXMąF\UHODFMHren GODNWyUHJRrenVWDQRZLZLĊNV]ąZDUWRĞüQLĪ ZáDVQHĪ\FLHJunziWRRVREDSRVWĊSXMąFD]JRGQLH]yiPDMąFDQDZ]JOĊG]LH SU]HGHZV]\VWNLPGREURLUR]ZyMPRUDOQ\LQQ\FKDMHJRQLHXVWDMąFHZ\VLáNL PDMąFH QD FHOX SUDNW\NRZDQLH ren PRĪH SU]HUZDü GRSLHUR ĞPLHUü 9,, ĩ\ZLRQRERMĊWQ\VWRVXQHNGRGyEUPDWHULDOQ\FKNWyU\FKG\VWU\EXFMD]DOHĪ\ RGSU]H]QDF]HQLDming);,,MingWRVIHUDNWyUąSRZLQLHQVLĊ]DMPRZDü Junzi FHFKXMH VSRNRMQD ZLDUD ZH ZáDVQ\ RVąG MHVW WR ]DWHP F]áRZLHN SR ]EDZLRQ\ZąWSOLZRĞFLLUR]WHUHNPRUDOQ\FK,;-HJRFKDUDNWHUFHFKXMH VLĊ ZáDĞFLZą UyZQRZDJą PLĊG]\ ZURG]RQą QDWXUą D QDE\Wą RJáDGą MHJR Z\SRZLHG]LVąRVWURĪQHDF]\Q\ĞPLDáHDOHVWRVRZQHGRV\WXDFMLJunziQLH ]DMPXMHVLĊU]HPLRVáHPLQLHLVWRWQ\PLVSUDZDPLDOXGĨPLNLHUXMHRND]XMąF LP QDOHĪQ\ V]DFXQHN L ]GRE\ZDMąF LFK ]DXIDQLH ;,; &HQL VSUDZLHGOL ZRĞüLVWDUDVLĊXPDFQLDüZOXG]LDFKWRFRGREUH;,,3RSHáQLDEáĊG\ DOHMHJR]DOHWąMHVWWRĪHSRWUDILMHVNRU\JRZDü;,;3DQXMHQDGVZRLPL SRSĊGDPL;9,XĪ\ZD]P\VáyZZVSRVyEZáDĞFLZ\VWURQLRGUR]ZLą]DĔ  _{Zhuzi jicheng} _{Zhuzi jicheng}  _{Zhuzi jichen} _{Zhuzi jicheng}

.$7$5=<1$ 3(-'$  VLáRZ\FK RUD] ]DFKRZXMH VLĊ JRGQLH Z NDĪGHM V\WXDFML ;9, Junzi SR ĞZLĊFDĪ\FLHZ\SHáQLDQLXVZRMHJRdaoQLHRF]HNXMąF]DWRĪDGQHMQDJURG\   %,%/,2*5$),$ 

&+(1*&+81*<,1* ³2Q ,QWHUQDO 2QWRJHQHVLV RI 9LUWXHV LQ WKH $QDOHFWV $ &RQFHSWXDO

$QDO\VLV´ Journal of Chinese Philosophy´0DUFK

Dialogi konfucjaskieWáXP.5<67<1$&=<ĩ(:6.$0$'$-(:,&=0,(&=<6à$:-(5=<.h167/(5

='=,6à$:7à806.,:DUV]DZD2VVROLQHXP

.2:$/6.,0,526à$:L'$1,(/)$/&0$1 wiadomo aksjologiczna i podmiotowo etyczna, analizy i impresje.UDNyZ2ILF\QD:\GDZQLF]DÄ,PSXOV´

/$,.$5<1 / Confucian Moral Cultivation. Some Parallels with Musical Training Z .,0

&+21*&+21*625+817$1&/7(1The Moral Circle and Self: Chinese and Western Approaches&DUXV3XEOLVKLQJ

/$,.$5<1/ ³&RQIXFLDQ 0RUDO 7KLQNLQJ´ Philosophy East and West   &RP

SDUDWLYHDQG$VLDQ3KLORVRSK\LQ$XVWUDOLDDQG1HZ=HODQG$SULO

/$,.$5<1/Learning from Chinese Philosophies: Ethics of Independent and Contextualised Self%XUOLQWRLQ$VKJDWH3XEOLVKLQJ&RPSDQ\

/$,.$5<1/ ³/L LQ WKH Analects 7UDLQLQJ ,Q 0RUDO &RPSHWHQFH DQG WKH 4XHVWLRQ RI IOH[L

ELOLW\´Philosophy East and West-DQXDU\ /$8'&Confucius. The Analects /RQGRQ3HQJXLQ%RRNV

2662:6.$0$5,$ Ethos rycerski jego odmiany Z\G  :DUV]DZD :\GDZQLFWZR 1DXNRZH

3:1

9$1125'(1%5<$1: UHG Confucius and the Analects. New Esseys 1HZ <RUN 2[IRUG

8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV   JUNZIੋᆀ-$.2:=Ï5262%2:<35=('67$:,21<:ANALEKTACH ,(726=7<0:=25(0=:,Ą=$1< 6 W U H V ] F ] H Q L H  $UW\NXá]DZLHUDRPyZLHQLHSU]HGVWDZLRQHJRZAnalektach.RQIXFMXV]DZ]RUXRVRERZHJRjunzi RUD]]ZLą]DQHJR]W\PZ]RUHPHWRVX:]yURVRERZ\junziZAnalektachWRF]áRZLHNNWyU\MHVW RGSRZLHG]LDOQ\ ]D XWU]\P\ZDQLH QDWXUDOQHJR SRU]ąGNX dao Z URG]LQLH NODQLH RUD] SDĔVWZLH SRSU]H] SUDNW\NRZDQLH ZáDĞFLZ\FK UHODFML ren ] LQQ\PL OXGĨPL 3LHUZV]D F]ĊĞü DUW\NXáX WR NUyWNDDQDOL]DSRMĊFLDrenRUD]]ZLą]DQ\FK]W\PSRMĊFLHPPLĊNNLFKFHFKVSRáHF]Q\FKGUXJD]DĞ WRFKDUDNWHU\VW\NDFHFKjunziRUD]SU]HFLZLHĔVWZDjunzi±SURVWDNDxiao ren  6áRZDNOXF]RZH.RQIXFMXV]AnalektaZ]yURVRERZ\junzixiao renHWRV .H\ZRUGV&RQIXFLXVAnalectsSHUVRQDOPRGHOjunzixiao renHWKRV