M E C H AN I KA TEORETYCZNA I STOSOWANA
3, 26 (1988)
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*° Praca wygł oszona n a XI I Sympozjum D oś wiadczalnych Badań w Mechanice Ciał a Stał ego, War-szawa—Jadwisin, 1986.
412 H . HATHBHHA
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o6Tbeicr B BH ^e e r o Tonorpa^iH qecKOH KapTbi.
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PeiueH H eM STH X CHCTCM ypaBH eH H H MOH<HO onpeAenH TB T a io n e H an paBJieH H e f. Kai< y>Ke OTMCiajiocb, 6bu io pa3pa6oTaH O cn eu n a^ BH o e n pH cn ocoSjieH H e T H f l I , I K> 3BOJI H romee coBMecTHTB H ccjieflyeM yio TO^Ky BoccTaH OBJieH H oro H 3o6pa>KeH H H c T O I K O H n e -peceieH H H onTH ^ecKH X o c e ń n y i K a »,- (och O Z ) , BeKTopoB ns H OC H Bpam eH H H n
418 H . HATHEHHA
yr o BoccxaH aBjiH BaiomH H nyiOK ceeTa H anpaBJien n o HopMaJiH K r o -jiorpaM M e, HTO no3BOJiaeT n pH xuo6om rroBOpoie roitorpaM M bi BOKpyr OCH OZ n on yqaxB BoccTanoBiteH H oe H3o6pa>KeHHe oSteKTa HeHCKa>KeiiHbiM, a HCCjią ijyeMaH Tomca He c oirrcraecKOH OCH CHCTCMBI HaSjiiOAeHHH (3pHTejiBHaa xp y6a) . J3,nn H3Me-yr jia HaG juoflenHH B STOM c n yi a e HOCTaTO^HO noBepH
yTB rcuiorpaMMy OTHOCH-OCH OZ Ha HeKOTOptiń yr o ji.
3 T O ycTpoń cTBO n o3Ban n .n o H3MepHTB 3HaqeHHe BeKTopa r H ^4>opM ai;H io s = Ali I,
Al H31YieHeeHe paCCTOHHHH MOK^y dt)HKCHpOBaHHEIMH TO^KaMH nOBepXHOCTH,
/ — H atrajiBH oe paccroH H H e M OK^y TotiKaMH. H an 5o jiŁ in ee CMemeHHe, KOTopoe 6BI T B H 3M epeH O, orpaniM H BaeTCH npocrpancTBeH H OH lacTOToii n o jio c .
3H aqH Tem .H O 6ojibuiH e BO3MO>KH OCTH
BBICOKOH TO1H0CTH H3MepeHHH aBTOMaTH3HpOBaTB
reTepoflH H H bix M CTOAOB 3aKJiio^aeTCfl B <J)opMHpoBaHHH 3JieK T pH iecK o ro c a r n a n a , B cf»a3e KOToporo cofl;epH<HTCH HH(|)opMai^HH o
BeKTopa cm em eH H H ; Bbic o n n e TOH H OC TH BK xaparcrepH CTH KH oSycjioBJieH Bi BO3M OJKH O-CTbH) HCnOJIB3OBaHH5I 3JieKTpOHHOH TeXHHKH flJM C^HTBIBaHHH HHtpOpMaUHH C H H Tep-c|)epeHi;HOHH0H KapTH H Bi. TeTepoflKH H aa cxeMa pacuiH (|)poBKH n p c m io jiaraeT
pa3HOCTHOH lacTOTbi HHTepcJ)epMpyiomHX CBeTOBbix n y^KOB, JiOKam eń B n a 30H e . B pe3yjiBiaTe HHTepcJjepeauHOHHaH KapTHHa „ 6e> KH T" MHMO
H npHBOflHT K (|)OpMHpOBaHHK» Ha BBIXOffe 4)0T0npHeittHHKa CHHyCOHAaJlBHOrO 3JieK-CHTHajia. M eTOfl reTepoAH H H oń ro jio rp a^ H qecK o ft HHTep<|>epoMeTpHH H 3-KaK H an Son ee
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n pH H qH n peajiH3aD,HH M etoda H3o6pa>KeH Ha p a c . 6. l i p a 3an n cH rojiorpaM M Ł i jHcnonB3yK)TCH «Ba pa3JnraH Bix onopH &cc n yqK a Rt H R2 C OAHHaKOBofi OIITH^eCKOft ^aCTOTOH t O0. I le p Ba H 3KCnO3HAHH (C HeBO3MymeHHBIM 06l>eKT0M) npOH
3-BOflHTCH C nOMOIUBK) OIIOpHOrO I iy^Ka J ?ł 5 BTOpaa 3KCnO3HUHH n p H H3MeHeHHH
COCTO-K H H H oG ^e COCTO-KTa — c onopH BiM ny^ COCTO-KOM R2.
I TpH BOCCTaHOBJieHHH ^aCTOTBI ny^KOB Rx H R2 C^BHraiOTCH H a BeJIH^HHBI
Qj2 H +QJ2. CooTBeTCTBeHHo czjBH raioTca: iiacroTBi BoccraH OBjieH H Bix H H Tep4)epH
-BO H H O BBI X ^ P O H T O B * ) . ElosTOMy HHTeHCHBHOCTB H 3JiyqeH H fl, H flyin ero 0 T
METOflBI... 419
rojiorpaM M bi, MeHHeTCK BO BpeMeH H c qacroTOH Guenaii Q = u>x — a>2, Jie>Kam,eH B p a
-AHOflHana3OHe. H a Bbixofle (po- ronpHeMHHKa ^opM H tpyeTca cH H ycoH flanBH BiH c a r H a ji, <J)a3a KOToporo M owex SBITB H 3M epena c n o M o m wo 3JieKTpoHHOH T C XH H K H .
IIpH M eH eH ne reTepoflH H H oro HHTepcJjepOMeTpa CABHra no3B0JtH eT n o crp o H T B cxen iy pacuiH<ł >poBKH rojiorpac^H ^ecKH X H H TepcJieporpaMM JI H U I B C OAH H M on opH biM iry^KOM [2], Cxeivia paciiiH 4>poBKH H 3o6pa>KeH a Ha p H C 7 . H H Tepc|>epoM eTp cABH ra o 6 p a 3 o sa H
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"1 ronozpaMtta
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P H C . 7 . Hin:ep4>epoMeTp CABHra3 npeflH a3H atieH H tift Rnsi o6pa6oTKH H irrep<|)eporpaMM n Torpa4)H ft; A, B — cooTBeTCTBeHHbie 3JieMeHTbi cneKJi- H H Tep4)eporpaMMbi, 1, 2 —
pem eTKa, a — yr o n Bp e r r a , At H 51 5 A1 H BI — MHHMbie H3o6pa>KeHHa ToteK A n B, 3— BeKTop cneKji- HHTep(|)eporpaMMbi Mea<Hy 3Kcno3HmiHMM3 O — OSŁ C KTH BJ i*" — 4>oTonpaeMHHK,
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c rojiorpaM M bi H 3o6pa>KeH na: o6'ŁeKTa. CM euieH H e cooTBetcTBeH Kbix ajieiweHTOB o n p e -flenaeTCH H CKOMBIM BeKTopoM d.
M.05KH0 noKa3aTB, MTO u p H BbinonHeHHEC ycjiOBH a d — 2 i > t ga , rfle a — y r o n E p a r -r a , J ly^ H a2 H bt, H cxoflH in n e H 3 TOieK A2 H Bly c o Bn a^ yT B n p o c r p a H C T Be. B roiocKOCTH 4>oTonpHeMHHKa F 6y^yT H a6jnoflaTbCH HHTepcpepeHUHOHHbie n o ji o c w, o 6p a 3o -BaHHBie B pe3yjiLTaTe H H rep4)epeH i;H H JiyqeS a2 vi bx. I TOJI OC BI , o6pa3OBaH H bie B p e
-syjiBTaie HHTep<J)epeHi^HH Bcex ^pyrH X n a p J iyq e S , H 3o6pa>KeH H bix H a pH cyH K e, JioKa-JiH3yiOTCH BHe IIJIOCKOCTH (JjoTonpHeivtHHKa H H e p e r a c T p H p yio T c a .
ocymecTBjieH H H n p H H m m a reTepoflH H H posaH H H H COSXOAH M O awecTH Tb M acroTy H3 H H Tep4)epH pyK>mH x J i y i e a . C STOH u;ejiBio pem eTKa 1 cKaH H pyeT OTH OC H -peuierK H 2 n o H anpaBJieH H io, OTMe^eHHOMy c r p e jiK o S. H a c r o T t i
p yi o m n x ji y i e a S y^ yr OTHHtiaTbCH H a Bejra^H H y Q = 2nd/ t, r fle d — CKOpocTb JKeHHH p em erK H 1, t — n ep t io fl U I T P H XO B peaiexK H .
JXnana30H H n o r p e n iH o c r b H3MepeHHH MCOKHO OI^CH H TB, H c n o n b3ya BbipaH ceH ae pa3H ocTn 4>a3 cooxBeTCTBeH H bix J iy^ eii, n p o iu e flin n x H H Tep^epoM CTp cflBH ra. T e o p e
-oKa3biBaeT, vio MO»CHO H P O H 3BO AH T B H3MepeHHH Beic r o p a C 7 MM c To*iH ocTbio H e xy>Ke 1/ 100 n o jio c bi.
420 H . HAI- HEHHA o 6pa30M3 BOJIHeT npOH3BOAHTb H3AiepeHHH C H ffrep4)epoMeTpH H 1103-SOJIBIHOH TO^HOCTBIO. OflHaKO, CJIOMOIOCTB Tpef5oBaHHJi K BH 6po-orrrcraecKoii cxeM bi aejiaiOT npHMeHeHHe OTMe*ieHHoro Merop,a flocra-TOMHO CJIOWCHBIM H H e BCerfla BO3MO3KHMM. XopOJOIO H3BeCTHBlM MeTOfl CneKJI- 4)OTOrpacjpHH oTjn raaeTcn CBoeS npocTOToft H cBo6oflen OT 3TKX H ep;ocraTKOB. n o a T o m y p a 3 -BHTHe n p H H u n n a reTepoflH H H oił HHTepdpepoMeTpHH ny>KHO BH,n;eTi. B M erofle cneKji- <J)o-Torpa^pH H , T . K . 6y«yT coieTaTBCH npocTOTa p e r n c T p a u jn i H TO^H OCTB H 3MepeH H it.
JI , JI H p a c m H ^ p o B K H cneKJi- (|)OTorpa(^KK MOJKH O ncnojiB3OBaTb cxemy^, n yi o H a p u c . 7 , 3aMeHHB ronorpaM Aiy cneKji- c|)OTorpa4)H eH vs. noiwecTHB
B oSn acTB 4>°pMHpoBaHHH fleH CTBH TenBH oro H3o6pa>KeHHH, BoccTaH OBJieH H oro c r o jiorpaM M &i. P a6o T a ycTpoiiCTBa n o p ac u iH ^ p o BK e cneicn c{)OTorpa<pHH a n a jio r n ^ H a p a c -CMOxpeHHOMy BBim e c n yi a i o c rojiorpaM M oił . T C I H O C T B H3MepeHHH rrp n 3TOM M O K C T 6&1TB OjOl n o jio cBi. OflHaKO aocTH >KenH e TaKoft TO^H OC TH CBH 3ano c BBICOKH M H TpeSo-BaHHJIMH K lOCTHpOBKe SJieMeHTOB yCTpOHCTBa. ^lyBCTBHTejIBHOCTB yCTpOHCTBa RJW .
cneKJi- cpoTorpacpH ń onpefleJiaeTCH yrao M <p m.exffy H anpaB^eH H eM H a6-HHTep^epeHECKOHHblX HOJIOC H H anpaBJieH H eM OCBemeHHH, KaK 3T0 BHflHO K3 p u c . 8. C M emeH H e 4>a3Bi paBHO
A<p = —y- a s m <p.
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HHK) BeKTopa CMemeHHH d Ha 6 MKM.
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a 2n cooTBeTCTByeT H3iweHe-P H C . 8. K Bonpocy o *iyBCTBHTeJiBHocTH paciun<|)poBKH cneKn- <J)oTorpa(|)nti. O OTMeTHTB, HTO B paSOTe aKTHBHOe yqaC TH e npHHHMaJIH COTpyflHHKH T . A . H jiBH H CKaH , B. B . X o n o B , B . J I . K a3aK .
JlBT epaT ypa
1. M.. BECTJ roAozpa$unecKan UHmeptfepoMempun, M . : M a p j 1982.
2. H . M . H ATH BH H AJ B . B . Xo n o
B, AeynoMamxaupoeaHHaa o6pa6oniKa lojioipa^uuecKux uwnepffiepo-apaMM npu onpede/ iemiu befiopMaauu du4>(f>y3HO- ompaoKaioią ux oć teicmoe, H
3B. By3OB. ITpn6opocT-poeH H e, 1983, T . 26, NSL 2, c. 80 - 84.
3. H . M . H ATOBH H A, B. B. XonoBj FemepoduuHaH cneK/ t- uwnepcfiepoMempuJi, O n r. H cneicrp., 1983,
METOflbl... 421
4. O . n . BonbiuAKOBj B . J I . K A3AK , T . A. H JIBKH CKAH , Hcc/ iedoeanne npotfecca de<popMaą
uu ocno-emun uepena uemoboM zojiozpa^uuecKoii uumeptjiepOMempuu, ApxtfB anaToMHH, r-
HcroJiorHH H 3M6pMo-jiorilK. 1982, T . 88, N° 7, c. 18 - 24.
5. K. DANDLIKER, B. B. INEICHEN, F . M OTH ER, Opt Commun. 9, 412, 1973.
S t r e s z c z e n i e
METOD Y H OLOG RAF ICZN E BAD AŃ KSZTAŁTU I OD KSZTAŁCEŃ CIAŁ STAŁYCH ORAZ METOD Y AN ALIZY IN TERF EROG RAM ÓW
W pracy opisano metody interferometrii holograficznej i ich zastosowanie w badaniu kształ tów i odkształ ceń obiektów biomedycznych. Opisane są metody analizy interferogramów holograficznych i interferencji plamkowej. Specjalną uwagę skupiono na heterodynamicznej technice analizy interfero-gramów.
S u m m a r y
H OLOG RAPH IC M ETH OD S F O R IN VESTIG ATION O F T H E SH APES AN D D E F OR M ATI ON OF SOLID BOD IES AN D M ETH OD S O F AN ALYSIS OF IN TERF EROG RAM S
In this article a few problems of holographic interferometry methods applied t o the investigation of the shape and deformations of the medicine- biological objects are discussed. The possible methods of deciphering interferograms and spectrophotographs are described. A special attention is given to the techniques of heterodyning for the interferograms processing. The optical diagrams are also given and certain results of the experimental research.
