SURVEY OF PAPYRI 373
I n t h i s deed of divorce: Mil. I n v . 79 (139 A.D.) (cf. m y Law2 121 ff.) of a marriage b e t w e e n b r o t h e r a n d sister (cf. on such mar-riages m y Law2 111) is only t h e r e s t i t u t i o n of t h e κόσμος b y t h e h u s b a n d m e n t i o n e d , as t h e only t h i n g of which t h e φερνή of t h e wife consisted. N o t e w o r t h y is t h e provision in 11. 26—28, b y which t h e divorcing h u s b a n d promises n o t t o b r i n g a n y claims to t h e acquisitions m a d e b y t h e wife d u r i n g the marriage, e v i d e n t l y be-cause t h e y h a d been acquired w i t h her own m o n e y . I t m a y be fi-n a l l y m e fi-n t i o fi-n e d t h a t t h e f a t h e r of t h e couple acts ifi-n t h i s deed as t h e i r κύριος.
S. E i t r e m — L. A m u n d s e n , Sale of Wine on Delivery (Symbo-lae R. Taubenschlag dedicatae I I = Eos 48, 2 [1957] 77—81). This t e x t : P . Osl. i n v . No. 1440 (91 A.D.) belongs to a well-k n o w n a n d m u c h discussed group of d o c u m e n t s , c o n t r a c t s for cash p a y m e n t w i t h deferred delivery. W h e r e wine is concerned m o s t of t h e c o n t r a c t s of t h i s t y p e d a t e f r o m t h e V I a n d V I I cen-turies. Beside t h i s t e x t , t h e only specimen t h a t h a s so f a r come to light f r o m t h e 1st c e n t u r y A . D . seems t o be P . A t h e n . 23 (Theadelphia, A.D. 82). F r o m t h e 2nd c e n t u r y A.D. comes t h e f o r m u -l a r y d r a u g h t P . Os-l. 43, a n d f r o m t h e 3d c e n t , t h e group P S I 1249, 1250, 1252 ( O x y r h y n c h u s , A.D. 265). On sale on delivery see m y Law2 336 f f .
F . Z u c k e r (rev. of:) J . D a y — C. W . K e y e s , Tax Documents from Theadelphia (G.G.A. 211, No. 1/2 [1957] 59—72).
J . D a y — C. W. K e y e s , Tax Documents from Theadelphia: Co-lumbia Papyri vol. V (1956) 342 p p .
T h e rectos of t h e p a p y r i whose versos are published in this vo-lume were edited b y W . L. W e s t e r m a n n a n d C. W . K e y e s a n d published in 1932 u n d e r t h e t i t l e Tax Lists and Transportation Re-ceipts from Theadelphia ( h e r e a f t e r referred t o as P . Col. I I ) .
I n t h e new volume of t h e Columbia P a p y r i No. 1 verso l b — l c (ca 160 A.D.) contains records of t a x e s owed a n d p a y m e n t s of ta-xes. No. 1 verso l a (160 A.D.) balances of t a x collections in m o n e y . No. 1 verso 3 (155 A.D.) a c c o u n t s of t a x p a y m e n t s a n d lists of
374 R. TAUBENSCHLAG
arrears. No. 1 verso 2 (A.D. 160) seed loans of wheat and barley. No. 1 verso 4 (the epoch of Marcus Aurelius) pittakion register with tax payments in kind. The editors make the observation that the pittakiarch leased the lands of the pittakion from the state and then sublet various parcels to other individuals. The pitta-kiarch, being the lessee, would therefore be liable for defaults in payment on the part of his sublessees. The leases were made to individuals who might in turn associate with themselves one or even two joint farmers. The members of the pittakion held their land as subtenants of the pittakiarch. they nevertheless paid their rent in kind to the state, rather than to the pittakiarch. Pittakion was not a societas. Two facts controvert P r e i s i g k e ' s contention: 1) the responsibility of individual members of the pittakion for charges on lands they held by sublease and 2) the responsibility of the pittakiarch to meet charges in the event of default by indi-vidual members. The leases of land were not undertaken on an entirely voluntary basis. The pittakiarch's liabilities would seem almost certainly to have been forced assignments, the subleases likewise, as it seems, were forced assignments. The lists of mem-bers of pittakia were kept with the kommograinateus. Their duties were in connection with the cultivation of state land. As the pitta-kiarch was liable for defaults in payment by the sublessees, it would be desirable to know on what basis he was chosen or how he came into his position. — No. 1 verso 5 (175—6 A.D.) are abstracts of leases of government properties. The properties in Col. 1 belonged to the usiac administration; the properties in col. 2 having been subjected to γενηματογραφία belonged to the dioikesis. (On proce-dures in connection with γενηματογραφίκ see p. 220 and my art. JJP 4 [1950] 70—82). When, after some time, the debts which led to the distraint upon the properties had not been paid, the properties were offered for sale. And when they were not sold, they were offered to prospective lessees. The sale and the leasing of such properties came under supervision of the strategus (cf. my art. JJP 5 [1951] 155—160, esp. 159).
No. 1 verso 6 (160—161 A.D.) is a record of money taxes and a sitologos account. There are appendices: Appendix 1 — notes on garden and vineyard taxes with special references to BGU I X 1896; Appendix 2 — payments of geometria; Appendix 3 — the calculation of percentages; Appendix 4 — payment of poll tax and merismoi in Theadelphia under Hadrian. Excellent indices
SURVEY OF PAPYRI 375 help the reader to make full use of the rich contents of this vo-lume.
J. B i n g e n , Les papyrus de la Fondation Egyptologique Reine Eli-sabeth (Chronique d'Egypte X X X I , No. 61 [1956] 109—117). This edition contains declarations for the epicrisis. 1. P. Brüx, inv. E. 7910 (III cent. A.D.) made by Marcus Aurelius Ammonios, a Boman citizen after the C.A. (cf. my Law2 59346); 2. P. Erlangen
31, inv. 136 (p. 40); 3. P. Brüx. inv. E. 8017 (A.D. 90—91). No-teworthy is the annex: the list of declarations for έπίκρισις (p.
116-117).
PAPYRI FROM THE BYZANTINE PERIOD
Y. A r a n g i o - B u i z , Frammenti di Ulpiano, libro 32 ad edictum, in una pergamena di provenienza egiziana (Arch. Giur. CLIII, fasc. 1—2 [1957] 140—158).
The parchment found in Egypt consists of a recto copied from Ulpian 32, commentary ad edictum, corresponding to D. 19, 2, 13 § 4, in Latin, and a verso copied from the same book of Ulpian's commentary ad edictum, corresponding to D. 19, 2, 15 § 1—2, from the title locati-conducti. On the recto there are two short Greek scholia. On the legal literature found in Egypt see my Law2 96/7.
H. Z i l l i a c u s , Anecdota Bodleiana: 1. Application for Lease (P. Bodl. d. 54, 297 A.D. ?); 2. Loan of Money (P. Bodl. e. 129, 337 A.D.) ( J J P 9—20 [1956] 127—134).
A. T r a v e r s a , Dei papiri inediti della raccolta milanese (Aegyptus X X X V , 2 [1955] 185—200).
No. 36 ( I Y — V cent. A.D.) is a letter written by a clerk and undersigned by the writers Macrobius and Tatianus. The letter concerns a mandate. Worthy of notice are certain terms as ονομα
= debt, άπαίτησις = the request of restitution, ένεχυράζω = to pledge, συμβιβάζοντος = to reconcile. No. 37 ( I V — V cent. A.D.)
