302 A. ŚWIDEREK of n a m e s u s e d in K e r k e o s i r i s a l o n e does n o t tell u s v e r y m u c h . F o r i n s t a n c e t h e n a m e H o r o s is p r o b a b l y f o u n d w i t h e q u a l p o p u l a r i t y in all p a r t s of E g y p t , w h e r e a s t h a t is p r o b a b l y n o t t h e case w i t h t h e n a m e M a r r e s . Mrs C r a w f o r d ' s conclusions as t o t h e n a t i o n a l i t y of v a r i o u s p e o p l e s e e m also t o b e r a t h e r t o o c a u t i o u s . A s f o r t h e " a d d i t i o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n " t h a t c a n e n a b l e u s t o r e a c h a n y conclusions on t h i s s u b j e c t , i t w o u l d b e b e t t e r t o seek t h i s in t h e f a m i l y a n d b a c k g r o u n d of t h e g i v e n p e r s o n ( n a m e s , p o s i t i o n , o c c u p a t i o n , etc.), r a t h e r t h a n i n t h e k i n d of i n f o r m a t i o n t h e a u t h o r herself t h i n k s a p t , s u c h as t h e d a t e of t h e p a p y r u s , or t y p e of d o c u m e n t (p. 133). D o u b l e n a m e s , t o o , s o m e t i m e s h e l p u s t o m a k e a f a i r l y good guess as t o w h e t h e r w e h a v e t o do w i t h a H e l -l e n i z e d E g y p t i a n or a n E g y p t i a n i z e d G r e e k (see n o w W . P e r e m a n s , Sur l'identification des Egyptiens et des étrangers dans l'Egypte des Lagides, Ancient Society I , 1970, p p . 2 5 — 3 8 ) . A t t h e e n d of t h e t e x t w e f i n d a n Appendix c o n t a i n i n g a n e d i t i o n of a f r a g m e n t f o r m i n g p a r t of P . T e b t . 152, w h i c h w a s o r i g i n a l l y p u b l i s h e d , b y d e s c r i p t i o n only, in T e b t u n i s P a p y r i I . T h e r e m a i n i n g p a r t of t h e b o o k c o n s i s t s of a b i b l i o g -r a p h y , e x t e n s i v e i n d e x e s , a n d a b o v e all t w e n t y - t w o t a b l e s . T h e s e t a b l e s , w h i c h a r e v e r y clear a n d s y s t e m a t i c , p r o v i d e a n i n d i s p e n s i b l e i l l u s t r a t i o n of t h e a r g u m e n t , a n d a r e i n t e g r a l p a r t of t h e discussion in t h e t e x t .
All in all Mrs C r a w f o r d ' s b o o k will m a k e f a s c i n a t i n g i n s t r u c t i v e r e a d i n g f o r all w h o are i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e life of H e l l e n i s t i c E g y p t . T h e t a b l e s e n a b l e t h e r e a d e r t o follow t h e a u t h o r ' s a r g u m e n t w i t h ease, w h i l e t h e t e x t p r o v i d e s a r e a l l y v i v i d p i c t u r e of t h e E g y p t of t h o s e t i m e s , w i t h all i t s w e a l t h of a n c i e n t t r a d i t i o n a n d its m u l t i t u d e of n e w n e i g h b o u r l y , a d m i n i s t r a t i v e , a n d p o l i t i c a l i n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s .
[ W a r s z a w a ] Anna Świderek
H a n s H a u b e n , Callicrates of Samos, A Contribution to the Study of the Ptolemaic Admiralty, ivith a Samian Inscription Published in an Appendix by Günter Dunst, Studia Hellenistica 18, L e u v e n s e U n i v e r s i t a i r e U i t g a v e n 1970.
Callicrates of S a m o s is a f i g u r e v e r y c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of his e p o c h , one of t h e l e a s t w e l l - k n o w n p e r i o d s in t h e p o l i t i c a l h i s t o r y of t h e G r e e k - s p e a k i n g w o r l d . A s n a u a r c h of P t o l e m y I I P h i l a d e l p h u s h e w a s u n d o u b t e d l y one of t h e m o s t p o w e r f u l a n d i n f l u e n t i a l m e n of t h e E g y p t i a n e m p i r e . Y e t all w e k n o w of h i m is of r e c e n t d a t e , h a v i n g c o m e f r o m t h e i n s c r i p t i o n s a n d p a p y r i , f o r t h e e x t a n t l i t e r a r y sources do n o t e v e n m e n t i o n his n a m e . T h e s e i n s c r i p t i o n s a n d p a p y r i , h o w e v e r , a r e v e r y m e a g r e sources o n w h i c h t o b u i l d conclusions. F o r m o r e de-f i n i t e conclusions a b o u t t h e c a r e e r ode-f Callicrates, son ode-f B o i s c u s ode-f S a m o s , w e h a v e
REVIEW OF BOOKS 303
h a d t o a w a i t a r e c e n t v o l u m e b y a y o u n g s c h o l a r , H a n s H a u b e n , w r i t t e n as a n o f f s h o o t of a s t u d y h e is m a k i n g of t h e P t o l e m a i c a d m i r a l t y .
T h i s v o l u m e is e x t r e m e l y lucid a n d logical i n c o n s t r u c t i o n . T h e f i r s t c h a p t e r e x a m i n e s t h e sources p e r t a i n i n g t o all p e r s o n s b e a r i n g t h e n a m e of Callicrates a t t h e e n d of t h e 4 t h c e n t u r y . T h e r e s u l t of t h i s s e a r c h s e e m s t o h a v e b e e n n e g a t i v e , f o r n o n e of t h e s e p e r s o n s s e e m s t o f i t t h e d a t a w e h a v e a b o u t t h e n a u a r c h of P h i l a d e l p h u s . B u t t h e a u t h o r goes o n t o s u g g e s t t h a t t h e philos of P t o l e m y S o t e r , t h e adulator of t h a t s a m e m o n a r c h , a n d t h e donor of t w o w r e a t h s a t Delos, w e r e one a n d t h e s a m e p e r s o n . A t b e s t , h o w e v e r , t h i s i d e n t i -f i c a t i o n is v e r y d o u b t -f u l , -f o r Callicrates t h e adulator (I С 2) is a n i n d i v i d u a l a b o u t w h o m o u r k n o w l e d g e is v e r y h a z y , a n d t h e n a m e is t o o c o m m o n f o r u s t o b e able t o s a y a n y t h i n g r e a l l y d e f i n i t e a b o u t h i m . As f o r Callicrates r e f e r -r e d t o as t h e dono-r ( I С 3 ) , o n l y a v e -r y h y p o t h e t i c a l a t t e m p t c a n b e m a d e t o d e t e r m i n e t h e d a t e w h e n h e d e d i c a t e d t h e w r e a t h s a t Delos. C h a p t e r I I b r i n g s u s a n a n a l y t i c discussion of e a c h i n d i v i d u a l s o u r c e p e r t a i n -i n g t o t h e S a m -i a n a d m -i r a l . T h e d a t -i n g of t w o -i n s c r -i p t -i o n s t o a t -i m e b e f o r e t h e d e a t h of A r s i n o e I I ( I I A) is p e r h a p s n o t v e r y r e l i a b l e ; i n t h e case of t h e s e c o n d i n s c r i p t i o n ( I I A 2 = O G I S I 29) t h e d a t e r e s t s on a r e s t o r e d a n d m o r e -o v e r v e r y u n c e r t a i n t e x t . A n -o t h e r p -o i n t is t h a t i n t h e a u t h -o r ' s discussi-on -of t h e i n s c r i p t i o n I I A 1 i t s e e m s t o m e r a t h e r r i s k y t o r e f e r t o P t o l e m y I I ' s m a r r i a g e t o his sister as " t h e m a r r i a g e of t h e P h i l a d e l p h o i " (p. 3 5 ) ; s u c h a neologism s e e m s t o m e t o b e of d o u b t f u l v a l i d i t y .
Y e t m u c h e n l i g h t e n m e n t c a n b e g l e a n e d f r o m t h e f o l l o w i n g s e c t i o n s of t h i s c h a p t e r , s u c h as s e c t i o n В (Sources for Callicrates' Role in the Cult), s e c t i o n С
(Other Inscriptions in which Callicrates Bears the Title of Nauarch), a n d s e c t i o n D (Sources Post-dating the Death of Arsinoe I I ) . S e c t i o n D , in p a r t i c u l a r , c o n t a i n s a v e r y c o n v i n c i n g a n d lucid discussion of t h e sources d a t i n g f r o m t h e t i m e of t h e C h r e m o n i d e a n w a r ( I I D 1 a n d 2), a n d also a r e c o n s t r u c t i o n of C a l l i c r a t e s ' role in t h o s e s t o r m y y e a r s . I n s e c t i o n Ε Ave h a v e a n " a c c o u n t of u n c e r t a i n t r a c e s " — u n p u b l i s h e d p a p -y r u s f r a g m e n t s a n d a discussion of p l a c e s s u p p o s e d t o b e n a m e d a f t e r Cal-l i c r a t e s . I n a n e x t r e m e l y i n t e r e s t i n g p a r t of t h i s b o o k l e t H a u b e n e x p o u n d s his v i e w s o n C a l l i c r a t e s ' n a u a r c h y ( I I F ) , b a s e d o n his a n a l y s i s of t h e sources. E v e n if t h e r e is still s o m e u n c e r t a i n t y as t o t h e e a r l y p a r t of C a l l i c r a t e s ' s c a r e e r , a n d e v e n if i t is n o t q u i t e s u r e t h a t C a l l i c r a t e s ' p r o m o t i o n w a s as r a p i d as H a u b e n w o u l d like t o m a k e o u t (since his conclusions a r e b a s e d o n t h e v e r y s h a k y d a t e of O G I S I 29), a n d e v e n if i t is n o t p r o v e d a b s o l u t e l y t h a t h e d i d i n d e e d r e c e i v e o n e or m o r e e s t a t e s f r o m t h e k i n g ( p p . 63—65), n e v e r t h e l e s s H a u b e n m u s t u n d o u b t e d l y b e c o m m e n d e d f o r g i v i n g u s a v i v i d p i c t u r e of t h e S a m i a n n a u -a r c h ' s g r e -a t c -a r e e r -a n d of t h e close r e l -a t i o n s b e t w e e n h i m -a n d t h e A l e x -a n d r i -a n c o u r t , i n c l u d i n g his a t t a c h m e n t t o A r s i n o e I I , b o t h i n lier l i f e t i m e a n d a f t e r
3 0 4 A. ŚWIDEREK h e r d e a t h . T h e s u p p o s i t i o n t h a t Callicrates c a m e t o E g y p t in h e r c o m p a n y (p. 67) is, in t h e a u t h o r ' s o w n w o r d s , " c o m p l e t e l y in t h e r e a l m of c o n j e c t u r e " — h u t w h a t a n i n t r i g u i n g c o n j e c t u r e i t is! I t s h o u l d b e n o t e d , h o w e v e r , t h a t i n h i s " l o y a l a n d a l m o s t p i o u s s e n t i m e n t s t o w a r d P t o l e m y a n d his s i s t e r - w i f e " Callicrates w a s b y n o m e a n s a n e x c e p t i o n a t t h e A l e x a n d r i a n c o u r t — as t h e r e a d e r m i g h t b e inclined t o b e l i e v e a f t e r r e a d i n g H a u b e n ' s r e m a r k s (p. 66) o n S o t a d e s , w h o , h o w e v e r , w a s a specific case. W h i l e s p e a k i n g of p o e t s , w e m u s t n o t f o r g e t h o w close, f o r i n s t a n c e , w e r e t h e r e l a t i o n s b e t w e e n s o m e o n e like C a l i i m a c h u s a n d t h e k i n g a n d his s i s t e r - s p o u s e .
H a u b e n is p r o b a b l y r i g h t a b o u t t h e r a n g e a n d scope of Callicrates' ρ о Avers. F o r I t h i n k w e c a n n o w t a k e it as p r o v e d t h a t h e w a s t h e s u p r e m e c o m m a n d e r of t h e P t o l e m a i c n a v y , a l t h o u g h t h e r e is n o t h i n g t o i n d i c a t e t h a t h e possessed e x t e n s i v e p o l i t i c a l a n d j u d i c i a l p o w e r s , as did t h e p l e n i p o t e n t i a r y g e n e r a l s Philocles a n d P a t r o c l u s , w h o , in H a u b e n ' s o p i n i o n , w e r e n o t n a u a r c h s (p. 69). H a u b e n believes t h a t Callicrates h e l d t h e o f f i c e of n a u a r c h f o r a b o u t 20 y e a r s , b u t t h i s d u r a t i o n is n o t a l t o g e t h e r s u r e , since n e i t h e r t h e b e g i n n i n g n o r t h e e n d of t h i s p e r i o d are d a t e d d e f i n i t e l y . N e v e r t h e l e s s t h e a u t h o r is q u i t e r i g h t i n s a y i n g t h a t T a r n ' s t h e o r y of t h e t e n y e a r s ' d u r a t i o n of t h e n a u a r c h a t e m a y b e d e f i n i t e l y r e j e c t e d (p. 69). A l t h o u g h C h a p t e r I I I , d e a l i n g w i t h Callicrates of S a m o s ' s f a m i l y , e s t a b -lishes l i t t l e t h a t is d e f i n i t e , i t is n e v e r t h e l e s s g o o d t e s t i m o n y t o t h e a u t h o r ' s e x c e l l e n t choice of m e t h o d a n d his c a u t i o n i n a r r i v i n g a t conclusions.
A t t h e v e r y e n d of t h i s b o o k l e t t h e r e is a n a p p e n d i x in w h i c h G i i n t e r D u η s t p r e s e n t s a v e r y f r a g m e n t a r y i n s c r i p t i o n f r o m S a m o s , m e n t i o n i n g Callicrates, s o n of B o i s c u s . I t s h o u l d b e n o t e d t h a t in C h a p t e r I I H a u b e n h a d s u g g e s t e d
a r a t h e r d i f f e r e n t r e s t o r a t i o n of t h e t e x t ( I I С 5 p . 48/49).
[ W a r s z a w a ] Anna Świderek
J a k o b S e i b e r t , Untersuchungen zur Geschichte Ptolemaios I , Miinchener Beitrage zur Papyrusforschung und antiken Rechtsgeschichte, 56. H e f t , C. H . Beclc, M i i n c h e n 1969.
T h e t i t l e of his w o r k e x a c t l y c o n v e y s t h e a u t h o r ' s a i m , w h i c h is t o e x a m i n e c a r e f u l l y all t h e sources a n d l i t e r a t u r e o n t h e h i s t o r y of P t o l e m y I , u p t o t h e t i m e of t h e B a t t l e of I p s o s (301 B.C.). A p o i n t w h i c h one m i g h t b e i n c l i n e d t o c a v i l a t is his choice of t i m e f r a m e w o r k . O n t h e one h a n d i t is p e r f e c t l y n a t u r a l t h a t t h e a u t h o r s h o u l d b e g i n b y c o n s i d e r i n g t h e p o s i t i o n a n d role of P t o l e m y , son of L a g o s , e v e n as e a r l y as t h e t i m e of A l e x a n d e r ' s e x p e d i t i o n , w h i l e simul-t a n e o u s l y a simul-t simul-t e m p simul-t i n g simul-t o assess h i m as a h i s simul-t o r i a n . U n d o u b simul-t e d l y n o h i s simul-t o r y of
