Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 2013, tom 18, numer 1, s. 93-111
ȱ ȱgȱ
Sȱȱ ȱȱ
ȱȱȱR ǯȱ ȱ
ȱȱȮȱ ȬŘŝȱǻȱȦȱ
ȱȦǼ
ȱÚȬ
¢ȱ¢ǰȱ ¢ȱR࣠Institute of Psychology, University od LodzPositive outcomes of experienced traumatic events in children and youth. The Personal Growth Questionnaire – KOW-27 (version D/M and R/O)
Summary. Article presents development of the design method to measure person-al growth in children and youth, as a result of struggling with negative life events. The Personal Growth Questionnaire was developed in two versions – as a self-rating instrument – KOW-27 – D/M, in which child himself/herself assess perceived chang-es and in version for parents – KOW-27 – R/O, who evaluate changchang-es of their child. The Personal Growth Questionnaire (both versions) consists of three parts: A, B ȱǯȱȱȱęȱȱȱ¡ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱŗŜȱȱȱ most negative situation, which he/she has experienced. In part B – indicates time lapsed since event occurred, and then (part C) using 4-point-rating scale (from 0 – I did not experience this change to 3 – I experienced this change to a great degree) indicates the level of changes perceived as a results of the experienced situation. The reliability of the questionnaire is high (Cronbach’s alpha in version of self-evaluation is 0,94, in version for parents – 0,97).
Key words: personal growth, traumatic events, questionnaire.
Wprowadzenie
¢£¢ȱ£ àȱȱ£¢¢ ȱ ȱï £¢ȱ
££Ú
ï £ȱ££ȱ¢£ȱȱ£ȱȱȱ¢ȱ¢ - ǰȱȱČȱ£¢¢ ȱǯȱȱȱïȱȱȱ¢£-nego wzrostu/rozwoju. Zgodnie z modelem zaproponowanym przez Tedeschiego
ȱ£ȱ¢ȱȱę£ęȱČ¢ ǰȱȱàȱÙȱ¿ȱȱČ¢ȱȱ£ àȱ duchowy. ȱ¢ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱÙ¢ȱ¿ȱȱ¢£¢ȱ £ȱ ¢- ¿¢ȱȱ£ȱÙ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱï £ȱ ¢£ȱȱ- £ȱ¢£¢ǰȱ ȱȱ£¿£ȱ £¢ȱ£ȱ£ £-ȱ ȱÚǯȱȱȱ¢£ȱȱ£ ȱȱ£ȱȱÙ£Č¢ȱ Čȱ Čȱ ȱ £ïǯȱ ȱ ¿ȱ £¿ïȱ Čȱ ¿ȱ £ȱ ï £ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ à ȱ ȱ £ȱ ǻ¢ȱ ȱ ǯǰȱ ŘŖŖŜDzȱ ȱ ȱǯǰȱŘŖŖşǼȱ£¢ȱȱǻȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŗŖǼǰȱȱČȱïȱ£à ȱǻȱȱǯȱ ŘŖŖŞǼǰȱà ȱ¢¢£¢ȱǻȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŖśǼǰȱ £ȱ£ÙÚȱ -¢ȱǻȱȱǯȱŘŖŖşǼȱȱ¢ȱ¢ ¢ȱ ¢£ÚȱČ¢ ¢ȱ ¢¿¢ȱ ȱàȱȱÙ£Č¢ȱǻȱȱǯȱŘŖŖŝDzȱȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŖŞǼǯ £¢¢ ȱ£¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱï £ȱ¢ȱ ȱȱ£ȱ ȱÙ£Č¢ȱ£ ȱ¿ȱ£ȱ £¢ȱ£ ¿£ȱïȱ¢£-ǰȱ £ȱȱ£Ùïǰȱ àÙ£ȱȱȱȱ¢ǰȱÙ¿£¢ȱ £ȱ¢ȱ ïǰȱȱȱȱČ¢ǰȱ ¿£¢ȱȱČ¢ȱ £¢ȱ£¢ȱȱ¢ȱǻ££ȱȱȱȱ DZȱÚȬǰȱ w druku).
£¢ȱȱ ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ ¢¢ȱ
£ȱï £Úȱȱ£ȱ¢£¢
£ȱ ȱ ¿ȱ ȱ £ȱ £¢ïȱ ȱ ï £ȱ ¢£- ¢ǰȱ ¢ȱ¿ȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ£ȱȱàȱÙ¢ȱǻ¢-ȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŗŗǰȱǯȱČȱÚȬǰȱ ȱǼǯȱȱȱ¢£ȱ £ȱïȱ¿ȱ¿ȱà ȱ£ £¢ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱ£ïȱȱ£ -£ȱ ȱ ȱ £¢ȱ £¢ȱ £ȱ £¢ïȱ £ȱ ¢ǯȱ -ǰȱȱ¿ȱ£ȱǰȱ£Č¢ ȱȱ¢ȱ¢ ȱǰȱȱČȱ ï £ȱ¢ïȱ£ȱ Úȱ£ £¢ȱ£ȱï £¢ȱ ¢£ǰȱ £ ČȱȱǻǼǰȱ£ȱȱ ȱȱȱ ȱ££ǯ ȱǰȱ£ ȱ¢ȱǻȱ¢ ȱȱȱȱ¢ǼǰȱČȱ £°ȱȱ¢ ȱ ¢ǰȱ£¢ȱȱà ȱ¢£¢ȱ Ù-ȱȱȱ ȱȱ£ȱ¢ǯȱȱ¿ȱȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ £ȱï ǰȱ ȱ£Úȱȱà ȱ ¢ȱȱ ȱ££¢ ïǯȱ- ¢ ¢ȱȱȱČȱï°ȱȱȱ£ ¢ȱ ÙȱČ¢ǯȱ -ȱ¿ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱï £¢ȱȱǮ£ Ȅȱ¢ȱȱȱ£ ȱ £ȱ£ȱȱ£ȱǯȱ£ïȱȱ£ȱȱÙ£Č¢ȱ£ȱ £¿-ȱȱ ǰȱ£Ùȱ¿ȱȱ ï°ǰȱ ȱ¢ȱ Čȱ £ȱ¿ȱ¢ȱ £ £ǰȱȱȱ ¢ȱ¿ȱ£¢ȱČȱȱàȱÙ¢ǯȱ££ȱǰȱ Čȱ ¢ȱ¢£ȱ £ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ£ȱ£Ùïȱ-£ £ǰȱï ïǰȱ£ȱȱ£¢ȱĚǯ Č¢ȱČȱ¿°ǰȱČȱ ȱ£¢ȱ ȱ¿ȱȱÙ¢ȱ£ǰȱȱ ǯȱ£¢ȱ ȱę£ęȱČ¢ ȱ£¢ȱȱǰȱȱ¢°ȱȱ£ȱ£Úȱ£ ¢ǰȱ£ £¢ȱ£ȱȱ£ ǰȱȱȱȱï -£ȱ¢ǯȱȱ£ȱ£àČȱ£ ȱ¢£ȱ £ȱȱ £ȱ ¢¢ȱ £ȱ ȱ £ ȱ ǯȱ £ £ȱ ȱ ǻȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŖŞDzȱȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŖŞǼȱ ¢£Ù¢ȱǰȱČȱÙ£ȱ£ǰȱ࣢ȱ-ï £¢ȱ ¢£ȱ¢£ȱ£ȱ ¢Č£¢ȱ£ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ £ȱ ȱà ȱ£ȱǰȱàȱȱ£Č¢Ù¢ȱ ¢£ȱ¢£ǯ ïàȱ Úȱ ¢£ȱ £ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ Ù£Č¢ǰȱ -ȱȱȱÙ¢1 ǰȱ£ ȱ¿ȱ ¿ȱȱ£¢ȱ£ £ȱ£ȱ£ȱ- ï £ȱ££ǰȱȱ¢ ïȱ£¢ȱ£ČȱȱČ¢ǯȱ£ ¢-ȱ ČȱȱČȱ ȱȱ£ȱȱ£ȱȱ£ȱȱ £¢ǰȱ£à ȱǰȱȱȱÙ£ǯ
¢¿ ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ ȱȱ£ȱȱÙ£Č¢
ȱȱȱ£¢¢ ȱ£¢ǰȱ ¢ȱ£ȱ£ȱ¿ȱ£ȱ ¢£-ȱȱ£ȱ¢£¢ǰȱ ¢¿ȱ ȱȱ£ȱȱÙ£Č¢ǵȱ£ȱ ȱ£¢ȱ¢£ǵȱȱ££ȱȱ ǰȱÙ°ǰȱȱČȱ£ȱï £ȱ ¢ǵ ȱȱȱȱǻŘŖŖŚǼȱ £ȱȱȱ£ǰȱ¿¢ȱę-ȱ ¢à ȱ ¢ȱ£¢Ù¢ȱ¢ȱ £¢ȱȱ ¢¿ ȱ ¢£ȱ £ȱ ȱ ï £ȱ ǯȱ Čȱ £¢¢ ȱ £¢ȱ¢£¢Ù¢ȱ£ȱ £¢ȱ£ȱ ȱę£ęȱČ¢ ǰȱ£¢ȱȱ z innymi i bardziej pozytywnej oceny siebie.ČȱśŖƖȱ£ǰȱàȱï £¢Ù¢ȱ¢ȱ ȱ£ £ȱ£ȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ £¢ǰȱ Ùȱ ¢ȱ Úȱ £ǰȱ ȱ ŝǰśƖȱ £¢ȱ ¢Ù¢ȱ £ǰȱ ȱ £Ù¢ȱ £ ȱ ȱ £¢ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ ¿ȱ £¢¢ ȱ£¢ȱ£¢¢ Ù¢ȱ¿ȱȱÙ¢ ȱŘȱȱȱ ¢£ȱǻ ȱȱǯǰȱ ŘŖŖşǼǯȱȱ£¢¢ ȱ¿ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱȱȱ ȱȱà ȱ £ȱČȱȱȱȱǯȱǻŘŖŖŞǼǯ ȱȱȱǻȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŖŞǼǰȱ¢ȱ¿ȱŗŝŝŖȱ£ǰȱ ¢£ǰȱČȱǰȱàȱï £¢Ù¢ȱ ȱ ȱČ¢ȱïȱ¢ȱ¢£ȱ Ù¢ȱ ¿ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ ȱà ȱ£ȱ£°ǰȱàȱ ȱȱ ¢- £ȱȱ££¢Ù¢ǯȱȱ £ȱ àÙ ¢¿ ȱ¢ - ¢ȱǻ¢¢ȱǼǰȱȱȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱǻ Ǽȱȱï £ȱ-¢£¢ǯȱàÙ ¢¿ ȱ¢ ¢ȱȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱà ȱ¢ȱ ¢£ȱ£ ȱČȱ ȱȱÙ£Č¢ȱ ȱ£ £ȱ£ȱȱ ȱ ȱȱǻ ȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŖşǼǰȱà ȱČ¢ȱȱ£Ùȱ ȱ ȱ£ȱǻȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŖŞǼǰȱȱČȱÚȱà ǰȱï £¢ȱàČ-¢ȱ¢ ¢ȱ ¢£ÚȱČ¢ ¢ȱǻȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŖŝǼǯ ȱȱÙ£Č¢ǰȱàȱ£Č¢Ùȱ àĊȱ ȱ£ £ȱ£ȱȱ¢ȱ ȱàÙȱ ȱ ȱȱǻ¢ȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŖŜǼǰȱ £ȱ ¢¿ ȱ£¢-¢ ¢ȱ£ȱȱǰȱ£¢ȱ£ȱȱĴȱ ȱ¢ȱ 1£¢ȱ ȱ¢£¢ȱ£ àȱȱàȱÙ¢ȱ£Ù¢ȱ£ ȱ ȱ¢ÙȱÚȬȱǻŘŖŗŘǼȱ£ȱÚȬȱȱ£¢ÚȱǻŘŖŗŖǼǰȱȱČȱ ȱ ČȱÚȬǰȱ ȱǯ
Ȯȱ ȱǻ ȱ ȱȱ£Ǽǯȱ£¢ȱ ȱȱïȱ¢£ȱ £-stu (MȱƽȱŜśǰŗŗDzȱSDȱƽȱŗŗǰŞŝDzȱČ ¢ȱ£DZȱŘŗȬŞŚǼȱ £ȱȱï°ȱ ¢ȱȱ £¢¢ ¢ȱ£ǰȱà ¢ ȱ£ȱ£ȱ£ȱ£¢¢ȱ££ȱÙ¢ǯ
Badania Milam i in. (2005), przeprowadzone na grupie nastolatków po ataku ¢¢£¢ȱȱȱȱȱ£ȱ £ïȱŘŖŖŗǰȱ ¢£Ù¢ǰȱČȱȱ£ȱ ïàȱ¢ȱ Ùȱ£¢¢ ȱ£¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱï £ȱ¢ǯȱ ¢£¢Ù¢ȱȱ£ȱ £¢ȱȱČ¢ǰȱ£¢ȱ¢à ȱČ¢ ¢ǰȱ £ ȱ ïǰȱȱ£ȱ¢ȱȱ£ ¿£ȱ£ȱȱǯȱȱ £¢ȱ£ ȱ ȱ £ï£¢ȱȱǻȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŖŚǼǰȱ£ -£¢ȱȱȱÙ£Č¢ǰȱàȱï £¢ÙȱàČ¢ȱ ¢£ÚȱČ¢ ¢ǯ £ȱ Čȱ ȱ ¢£ȱ ¢¿ ȱ £¢¢ ¢ȱ £ȱ ȱ £ £ȱ £ȱ ï £ȱ ¢ȱ ¢£ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ǻŘŖŗŖǼǰȱ £¿¢ȱȱï ¢ȱȱï ¢ǰȱ £¢ȱȱȱ Ù¢ȱÙ¢ǰȱ࣢ȱ ȱȱ£Ú ȱï £¢ȱ Čȱ¢ȱ somatycznej (rak, cukrzyca, astma, epilepsja, guz mózgu, choroba autoimmunolo-£Ǽǰȱ ¢£ȱ ¢¿ ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ ȱ ¢ȱï £ȱ ¢£ǯȱ¢ȱ ¢¿ Ù¢ȱȱȱ¢ ¢ȱà ȱ£ £¢ȱ £ȱǰȱDZȱ ïȱę£¢£ǰȱ£ȱ¢£ǰȱ£ȱ ȱ£ȱ ¢ ïǯȱ£¢ȱȱ Ù¢ǰȱČȱ ¿ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ£ ȱ ȱàǰȱàȱ ¢£ Ù¢ǰȱ ȱà ȱ£ȱǰȱȱà¢ȱȱȱ ¿ȱ£¢¢ Ùǯȱȱ££¢ȱ£ȱ £ȱ£ ȱȱ ¢Čȱ-¢ȱ ¿ȱ¢ȱ£ȱ£ȱ£ÙàÚǰȱȱ Ùȱǻdisruptiveness), ȱČȱȱàȱ¢ȱ ¿£ȱȱ¢à ȱȱ£ -ǯȱȱïȱ¢ȱȱȱ£ȱȱ ȱ£¢£ÙïȱǻřŜƖǼǰȱ ȱÙ¿ȱȱ £ȱ£ȱ Ùȱ£ïȱǻřŘƖǼǰȱȱČ¢ȱǻŘŚƖǼǰȱ £ ¿£ȱ ȱ ȱ à ïà ȱ ȱ £¢ȱ £ȱ ¿£ȱ £ȱ ïȱ £ȱȱǻȱŘśƖǼǯȱȱ ¢ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱȱÙ¢ȱ££ȱȱ £¢ǰȱDZȱï°ȱȱ£ǰȱÙï°ȱ£ǰȱȱ ȱ-£¢ǰȱ£ǰȱȱȱȱÙ¢Ùǯ ȱȱ¢ȱà ȱ¢ȱ£ȱǻȱȱ ȱȱ££¿ȱ£ȱȱ£ȱ £ȱ ȱ¢Ǽȱ ǰȱČȱ ȱŞśƖȱïàȱà ȱ£ Č¢Ùȱȱȱȱȱȱ£¢¢ ȱ £¿ȱ ȱ ¢ȱï £ȱ¢ǰȱȱ ȱȱ£ȱ£¢£Ùȱ¿ȱȱ £ȱȱ ¿ȱȱ£ǯȱȱȱÙ ¢ȱ¢ȱ£¢¢ ȱ£¢ȱ £Ù¢ȱ¿ȱ£ȱȱȱȱȱȱ£¢£Ùï°ȱǻȱȱǯǰȱŘŖŖŜǼǯ £¢¢ ȱ£¢ȱȱ£ȱ ȱ£ £ȱ£ȱï £ȱȱ - ȱ£ ȱČȱ ȱȱȱȱǯȱǻŘŖŖŝǼǯȱ¢ȱ¢Ù¢ȱ£Čȱ ȱÙȱȱ ǯȱ¢Č£¢ȱ£ȱ£ȱ £Ùȱ¿ȱ£ȱ £ï£¢ȱ£ȱ-nozy choroby. Podobnie w badaniach prowadzonych przez Michel i in. (2010) nie £ȱ£ £ȱ£ȱÙȱȱ ȱǻ°ȱÙȱȱ ¢£ȱȱ ¿ȱ £¢¢ ¢ȱ £Ǽȱ £ȱ ¢£¢ȱ £ ȱ ȱ £ǯȱ ȱ £¢ȱ£ £¢ȱ£ȱȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ¢Ùȱ£ǰȱȱÙ¢Ùȱȱ ȱ£¢ȱ¢ȱ£ȱÚȱČ ïȱȱ£ȱ¢ǯȱ£ǰȱ
àȱ£¢£Ù¢ǰȱČȱȱ Čȱ¢ ȱ£ÙȱȱȱČ¢ǰȱ£ -Ù¢ȱ ¢Č£¢ȱ£ȱ£ǯȱȱ£ȱ£ȱÙ£ȱ ¢£¢ Ù¢ȱ ¢Č£¢ȱ£ȱ potraumatycznego wzrostu w porównaniu z jednostkami z guzem mózgu.
ȱ ȱ ȱ ££ȱ ȱ £ȱ ££ȱ Úȱ ¢£¢ȱ £ ȱ ¢£ȱ £ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ Ù£Č¢ǯȱ ȱ ȱ ¢Ùȱ £ȱ £¢ȱȱ ȱ£¿£ȱǯȱ¢ȱ ȱ-ȱ ȱ¢ȱ££ȱ¢£ȱ£ȱÙ£Č¢ǰȱȱȱ¢ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ ¢£¢ȱ£¿£ȱ£££ȱȱȱàȱÙ¢ȱȮȱ ȱǻÚ-ȬǰȱŘŖŗŖǰȱŘŖŗŘǼǯȱȱČȱ¿ȱ¿ȱ ȱ £ȱȱ ¢ȱ £¢¢ ¢ȱ £ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ï £¢ȱ ¢ ¢ȱ ¢£Úȱ Č¢ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱȱ ǰȱ£à ȱ ȱ ȱǰȱȱȱ-¢ȱ¢ ȱ££ȱ¿ȱÙǰȱ£¿ïȱ£ȱȱǯȱȱàȱ ¢ȱČ¢ȱïȱ¢ ȱ ¢£ȱČ¢ ǰȱȱ£ ȱȱ¿ȱ£¢- ¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ ȱ££¢ȱ ¢£ǰȱ£ȱ£ȱ¿ȱȱ¢ȱ-¢£¢ǰȱ£¢ȱȱ ¢£ȱ£Čȱ£ ȱȱČ¢ȱ£Ù ǯ ȱ ȱȱàČȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ǰȱàȱ ȱ¿ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ï £¢ȱ ¢£ÚȱČ¢ ¢ǰȱȱ£ȱ ¢¢ȱ£ȱȱ£-woju jednostki, wprowadzono termin osobowego wzrostuǯȱ £ȱȱȱ¿ȱ potraumatycznego wzrostu, wprowadzonego przez Tedeschiego i Calhouna (1996) ȱ££ȱ ¢¿ ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ǰȱ¢£¢ȱȱǰȱȱ £ȱ¢ȱ£¢ȱ ¿£ȱȱČ¢ǰȱàȱȱ£¢ȱȱȱ£ȱ £ȱȱ£ȱï £¢ȱ¢ ¢ȱ ¢£ȱČ¢ ¢ǯ ¿- ȱ ȱ £ȱȱȱ ¢ĊȱàČȱȱ¿ȱȱ£ -ǰȱàȱȮȱȱïȱȱȱȱǻŘŖŗŖǼȱȮȱ££ȱ¢£ȱČȱ £¿ȱ£ ǰȱ£ȱȱÙ¢ȱ£ǰȱ ȱȱ £ȱȱ ¿£ȱïȱǯȱȱ £ȱ ȱȱȱ ïȱȱ Č¢ ¢ȱ££ȱÙ¿ȱǻŘŖŗŗǼǯȱȱ £ǰȱČȱ ï°ȱ£Ù ȱ£ȱ ¿ǰȱȱ£¢ȱȱ Čȱ¿ȱ£ȱ¢ȱï ȱ£ȱȱȱ £ȱ£ȱȱ£ ǯ £ȱ ¢ȱ££ȱǮ ȱ¿Ȅȱ ȱǯȱȱ ȱ¿ȱ ¢ȱ £ȱȱȱȱ£¢ǯȱ£ȱ ¢ǰȱȱïȱ ȱǻŘŖŖŞǼȱ£ȱ ȱǻŘŖŖŘǼǰȱȱ ¢ȱȱ£ ȱ£ǯȱ£Čȱ £- ȱ££ȱ¿ȱ ¢ȱȱ££ȱȱǰȱȱ£ȱ£-ȱï ïȱ££¢ȱ£ǯȱ££ȱȱà ČǰȱČȱȱ£¢ȱ £ȱ£ȱȮȱ£¢ȱ ȱ£¿ïȱȮȱ£ȱȱǰȱȱ ¿ȱȱČ-ȱȱ£ °ȱ£¢ȱ°ȱ¢£ȱȱȱȱ £ǯ
£ȱȱȱȱ
Kwestionariusza Osobowego Wzrostu
ȱȱȱ£¿£
ȱ£¿£ȱȱ¢ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ ȱ ¢ȱï £-¢ȱ¢ ¢ȱ ¢£ÚȱČ¢ ¢ȱ£Ùȱ ȱ àȱǯȱ £¢ȱ ¢£¢Ùȱȱ£ ȱï £¢ȱ¢ǯȱȱ¢ȱȱ¿ȱřŖȱ£ȱ
ȱ ȱ ŗŘȬŗŚȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ££ȱ ¢ȱ ¢ ¢ȱ ¢£Úȱ Č¢- ¢ǰȱà¢ȱȱï £°ȱȱȱȱȱà ï¢ǯȱ£ Ùȱȱȱ ȱ£ ȱŗŜȱȱ¢ǯȱȱȱÙȱȱȱ£¢- ¢ ¢ȱ£ǰȱà¢ȱČȱï £¢°ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ£Č¢ȱ¢ ȱ¢- ȱČ¢ ǯȱȱ¢ȱȱȱ£ȱàČ¢ȱ£¿£ȱȱ¢ȱ- £¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱȱǰȱàȱ£Ù¢ȱ ȱ££ȱà ȱ££-¢ǰȱ £ȱ £¿ȱ £¢ȱ £Ù£ȱ ££ȱ £à ȱ ȱ ȱȱ££ȱ£ȱ¢à Ȭ£¢ǯȱȱȱàȱ ¢Ùȱ ¿ȱ¿ȱŜŖȱ£¢ǯȱ¢¿ȱ £ȱ¿ȱ- ȱȱ£ȱȱÙ£Č¢ȱ ȱ ȱŗŘȬŗŚȱǰȱ£ȱà ȱȱ£-££ȱïÚȱ££Ù¢ȱȱ¢ǰȱ ȱ ¢ȱ£ȱ ¢ ȱ dwa z nich. ȱ £ ȱ śŞȱ £Úǰȱ ¢£¢ȱ £¢¢ ¢ȱ £ȱ ȱ -¢ ¢ȱ ¢£ȱ Č¢ ¢ȱ £ȱ ¿ȱ řşŜȱ Ù¢ȱ £ȱ ǻŗŞŞȱ Ùà ȱ ȱ ŘŖŞȱ £ £Ǽǰȱ ȱ ȱ ŗŖȬŗŞȱ ȱ ǻïȱ DZȱ ŗŚǰŜşDzȱ SD = 1,76). ȱ£ȱȱ £Úǰȱà¢ȱȱ¢¢¢ȱ¢ÙȱČȱ -ïȱŖǰŚŖǰȱ £¢ȱ£Ùȱȱ£ȱ£¢ ȱǻ¡ȱ£ȱȱ Ǽǯȱà ȱ¢ȱ Ȭ ĴȱǻÙȱ ¢Čȱ ïȱŗǼǰȱ ȱȱ ¢ȱȱǮ¢Ȅȱ£Ù¢ȱ£¢¿ȱ£ £ȱ࣢ ǯȱ ¢ę ȱ£¢ȱ£¢ȱ ¢ïȱÙ£ȱȱśŖƖȱ ȱÙ ǰȱ ¿ȱȮȱřŞǰŘƖȱ ¢ïȱ£¢ȱŗǰȱ£Ùȱ ȱ£¢ȱ ¢Ùȱ-wiednio: 6,4% oraz 5,9% (por. rycina 1).
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9CTVQħEKYđCUPG 9CTVQħEKYđCUPG
ȱ £¢¿ȱ £ £ȱ ࣢ ȱ £Ùȱ ¿ȱ £ȱ -¢ȱȱ £Úǰȱ£¢ȱȱ£ȱ ȱȱÙà ȱ£¢ ¢ǰȱ£¢ȱČȱ £ȱ £¿ȱȱ £ȱ ȱ£ȱ ¿ȱČȱȱ£¢ǯȱȱ£ȱ ȱ£ÙȱŘŝȱ £Úǰȱà¢ȱÙȱ£¢ ȱǻ ¢ČȱŖǰŚŖǼȱ£ȱ àÙ£¢ȱȱ££à¢ȱ£¢ȱ£ȱ ¢ȱà¢ȱǻȱ¢-kryminacyjna) zamieszczono w tabeli 1.
ȱŗǯȱ Rȱ £¢ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ¢¢¢ȱ £Úȱ £-¢ȱ ȱÙȱ ȬŘŝȱ ȱȦ 0TRQ\[ELKMYGUVKQPCTKWU\C Cz. 1 Cz. 2 Cz. 3 5MQT[IQYCPGYURÎđE\[PPKMK korelacji 1 0,67 0,57 4 0,63 0,55 7 0,51 0,54 10 0,60 0,63 13 0,67 0,51 16 0,59 0,59 19 0,53 0,54 22 0,61 0,63 25 0,60 0,58 2 0,63 0,59 5 0,62 0,51 8 0,54 0,53 11 0,61 0,63 14 0,58 0,62 17 0,59 0,57 20 0,71 0,60 23 0,65 0,51 26 0,61 0,56 3 0,69 0,63 6 0,73 0,66 9 0,64 0,56 12 0,67 0,59 15 0,67 0,52 18 0,45 0,57 21 0,63 0,62 24 0,54 0,67 27 0,45 0,52
££à¢ȱ£¢ǰȱàȱ £ȱȱȱȱȱ-ȱǻŗşşŜǼǰȱ ȱȱïȱ £¢ȱ ȱȱÙȱ £Úǰȱ£¢ȱ ¿ȱ£ ¢DZ
£¢ȱŗǯȱȱȱǻ £ȱDZȱŗǰȱŚǰȱŝǰȱŗŖǰȱŗřǰȱŗŜǰȱŗşǰȱŘŘǰȱŘśǼDz £¢ȱŘǯȱȱČ¢ȱǻŘǰȱśǰȱŞǰȱŗŗǰȱŗŚǰȱŗŝǰȱŘŖǰȱŘřǰȱŘŜǼDz
Czynnik 3. Relacje z innymi (3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27).
£ï°ȱÙȱǰȱ£ȱ àÙ£¢ȱalfa-Cronbacha, jest wysoka ȱ ¢ȱŖǰşŚǰȱ£ïȱȱ££à¢ȱ£¢à ȱ DZȱŖǰŞŜǰȱŖǰŞŜȱȱŖǰŞŝǯ ȱČȱà Ùȱ ¿ȱ £ȱ ȱ ȱȱ£à Ȧ à ǯȱȱ¢ȱ£¢ȱ£Ȧȱȱȱ ȱ£ȱ ¢¿- ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱȱï £ȱ¢ ȱ ¢£ȱČ¢ -ǯȱȱȱŘȱ£££ȱÙȱ£¢ ȱ ȬŘŝȱȮȱȦǯ ȱ Řǯȱ Rȱ £¢ ȱ £ȱ ȱ ¢¢¢ȱ £Úȱ £-¢ȱ ȱÙ ȬŘŝȱȮȱȦ 0TRQ\[ELKMYGUVKQPCTKWU\C Cz. 1 Cz. 2 Cz. 3 5MQT[IQYCPGYURÎđE\[PPKMK korelacji 1 0,77 0,98 4 0,72 0,98 7 0,84 0,96 10 0,88 0,94 13 0,77 0,96 16 0,85 0,96 19 0,80 0,95 22 0,89 0,97 25 0,86 0,97 2 0,79 0,96 5 0,58 0,94 8 0,53 0,90 11 0,42 0,91 14 0,45 0,95 17 0,62 0,95 20 0,90 0,97 23 0,85 0,97 26 0,35 0,95 3 0,57 0,90 6 0,76 0,96 9 0,62 0,94 12 0,83 0,96
15 0,39 0,90 18 0,69 0,87 21 0,55 0,94 24 0,72 0,97 27 0,78 0,95 £¢ȱ£¢ȱ£¢ȱǻȱǰȱȱ ȱ ȱ ȬŘŝȱȮȱȦǼȱ ¢ïȱÙ£- ȱŝŝƖȱ ǯȱ ¿ȱȮȱȱȱ ȱ£¢ȱ ȱȱ£ȱȱÙ-£Č¢DZȱ£¢ȱŗDZȱȱȱȮȱśŞǰŝƖȱǻ£ǯȱŘDZȱȱČ¢ȱȮȱŗŖǰŝƖȱ£ȱ£ǯȱ řDZȱȱ£ȱ¢ȱȮȱŝǰŜƖǼǯȱ£ï°ȱȱ£ȱ àÙ£¢ȱalfa-Cron-ȱȱ£ȱ ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱŖǰşŝǯȱ ¢Č£¢ȱ àÙ£¢ȱ£ ȱȱ czynnika: 1 – alfaƽȱŖǰşŝȱǻȱ£Ù¢ȱ ȱŖǰŞşȱȱŖǰşŚǼǯ ȱ ï°ȱ £ £¿ȱ £ǰȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ Ȭȱ ǻȱŘȱǼǰȱ ȱȱŘśȬ ȱ¢ȱÙ£Č¢ȱǻ ȱ ȱŗŚȬŗśȱǼǰȱ àȱï £¢ÙȱàČ¢ȱ¢ ¢ȱ ¢£ÚȱČ¢ ¢ȱȱ ¢ȱȱ ¢-nosi 0,71.
ï°ȱ£ ¿£
ï°ȱ£ ¿£ȱ£Ùȱ £ȱ££ȱ ȱ ¢à ȱ Ȭ 27 – D/M z wynikami Inwentarza Potraumatycznego Rozwoju – PTGI, opracowa- ȱ££ȱȱȱǰȱ ȱȱȱÚȬȱȱ£¢Ú-ȱǻŘŖŗŖǼǰȱà¢ȱȱ£¿£ȱ£ȱ¿ȱ£ȱÙ£Č¢ȱǻn = ŚśǼǯȱ£¢ȱ àÙ£¢ȱȱ£££ȱ ȱȱřǯȱřǯȱ àÙ£¢ȱ ȱ ¿£¢ȱ ¢ȱ £ȱ -go Wzrostu KOW-27 – D/M i Inwentarza Potraumatyczne -go Rozwoju – PTGI PTGI KOW-27 – D/M Cz. 1 2GTEGRELC siebie Cz. 2 Relacje \KPP[OK Cz. 3 Docenianie ľ[EKC Cz. 4 <OKCP[ FWEJQYG PTGI – QIÎđGO %\2GTEGRELCUKGDKG 0,67*** 0,71*** 0,68*** 0,42** 0,71*** %\&QEGPKCPKGľ[EKC 0,75*** 0,69*** 0,68*** 0,32* 0,74*** %\4GNCELG\KPP[OK 0,78*** 0,67*** 0,72*** 0,27ni 0,74*** -19Ō&/ŌQIÎđGO 0,79*** 0,75*** 0,75*** 0,38* 0,79*** *pȱǀȱŖǰŖśDzȱȘȘpȱǀȱŖǰŖŗDzȱȘȘȘp < 0,001 £¢ȱ àÙ£¢ȱȱČȱ£°ȱ£ȱ ¢ǰȱȱ £ǰȱČȱ ¢ ȱ£¿£ȱ£ȱȱ Ùï ïǯȱČ£ȱ ïȱ àÙ£¢-
à ȱ¢£ȱ£Čïȱ¿£¢ȱ£ȱ ȱ£ȱ ǰȱ¢ȱ£ȱ- ȱ ǰȱȱ£¢ȱ£¢ȱ£ȱȱ ȬŘŝȱȮȱȦǰȱà¢ȱȱ £¿-nia wymiaru duchowego.
ï°ȱ £ ¿£ȱ £ȱ £ȱ Čȱ ££ȱ ¿ȱ wyników uzyskanych od dziecka/nastolatka (27 – D/M) z wynikami KOW- ŘŝȱȮȱȦǰȱ£ȱȱàȱ£Ȧ ȱȱ ¢ȱ£ àȱ£-cka (nȱƽȱŚśǼǯȱ£¢ȱ ¢ȱǻȱŚǼȱ£Ù¢ȱ¿ȱ¢¢£ȱȱȱ-mniej na poziomie p < 0,05.
ȱŚǯȱ àÙ£¢ȱȱ¿£¢ȱ ¢ȱ £ȱ ȱ Wzrostu – KOW-27 – D/M i KOW-27 – R/O
KOW-27–R/O KOW-27 – D/M Cz.1. 2GTEGRELC siebie Cz. 2. Docenianie ľ[EKC Cz. 3. Relacje \KPP[OK KOR-27– 41QIÎđGO %\2GTEGRELCUKGDKG 0,65*** 0,42** 0,36* 0,54*** %\&QEGPKCPKGľ[EKC 0,49** 0,49** 0,56*** 0,56*** %\4GNCELG\KPP[OK 0,51*** 0,49** 0,45** 0,53*** KOW-27 – D/M 1IÎđGO 0,61*** 0,50*** 0,48** 0,59*** *pȱǀȱŖǰŖśDzȱȘȘȱpȱǀȱŖǰŖŗDzȱȘȘȘp < 0,001 £¢ȱ àÙ£¢ȱȱČȱ£°ȱ£ȱ ǯȱ£¢ȱ ȱȱȱȱ £ȱȱ£Čïȱ¿£¢ȱȱ-£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱȱï £ȱ¢£¢ȱ£ȱȱȱ¢ȱ£ȱ ¢ ȱ££ȱ£à ȱ£¢ȱà ǯȱ ¿£ȱÚ ȱ ȱ£-ȱ£ȱ¢£ȱ£¢ȱŗǰȱ£¢ȱȱ Ùȱ¢ǰȱ£ȱ£ïȱȮȱ¢ȱ pozytywnych zmian w zakresie relacji z innymi.
ȱ¿¢ȱȱ£ȱ ¢ȱïȱȱ ȱ £ȱȱȱ £¢à ȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱȱÙ£Č¢ȱǻȱśǼǯ ȱśǯȱ £ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱȱ£ȱȱÙ£Č¢ȱǻïȱ Ȭ 27 – D/M) M SD Min. Max. -19Ō&/ŌQIÎđGO 43,71 18,26 0 79,0 %\2GTEGRELCUKGDKG 13,89 6,87 0 28,0 %\&QEGPKCPKGľ[EKC 16,07 6,64 0 27,0 %\4GNCELG\KPP[O 13,75 7,07 0 27,0 £ǯȱŘȱǁȱ£ǯŗȱȱřDzȱp < 0,05
£¢ȱïȱ ȱ ȬŘŝȱȮȱȦȱȱȱ¢ȱǻ£ȱ ¢à DZȱ ŖȬŞŗǼǯȱ¢ȱ £ȱȱȱČ£¢ȱ£ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ï £ȱ ¢ ȱ ¢£ȱ Č¢ ȱ ȱ à ȱ £ȱ ȱ Ù¢ǰȱ ȱ à¢ȱ ïȱ ¢Ùȱ ŜŗǰŜȱ ǻ£¿ï°ȱ ¢à DZȱ ŖȬŗŖśǼȱ ǻǯȱ ÚȬǰȱ£¢ÚǰȱŘŖŗŖǼǯȱ¿£ȱȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ Čȱ¿ȱ £ȱȱČ¢ȱČȱ£ȱȱȱȱ£ȱȱ£ȱ¢ǯ £ȱČȱ£¢ȱÙ°ȱ£ȱ ȱ¢ȱ Ù¢ ȱČȱȱȱ-£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ ȱ ¢ȱï £ȱ¢ ȱ ¢£ȱČ¢ ȱ (tabele 6 i 7). ȱŜǯȱÙ°ȱȱ£ȱ ȱ £ %JđQRE[ &\KGYE\úVC M SD M SD t p< -19Ō&/ŌQIÎđGO 43,10 18,05 44,26 18,48 -0,63 ni %\2GTEGRELCUKGDKG 14,06 6,89 13,73 6,92 0,48 ni %\&QEGPKCPKGľ[EKC 15,69 6,59 16,41 6,69 -1,06 ni %\4GNCELG\KPP[O 13,34 6,99 14,13 7,19 -1,10 ni
Tabela 7. Wiek a poziom osobowego wzrostu
/đQFUKNCV N = 159 Starsi (>14 lat) N = 237 M SD M SD t p< -19Ō&/ŌQIÎđGO 46,66 17,81 41,74 18,33 2,65 0,05 %\2GTEGRELCUKGDKG 14,61 6,85 13,41 6,86 1,69 ni %\&QEGPKCPKGľ[EKC 16,77 6,41 15,59 6,77 1,72 ni %\4GNCELG\KPP[O 15,28 6,72 12,75 7,12 3,58 0,001 Ù°ȱȱàČȱ ȱàȱ¢ȱ¢¢£ȱ£ȱ ȱ £-ȱȱï £¢ȱ¢ ¢ȱ ¢£ȱČ¢ ¢ǯȱȱ ȱȱ £ £¢ȱ £ȱ ȱ £¢¢ ¢ȱ £ǯȱ ¿£ȱ £ ȱ ȱ Ù£¢ȱ £ȱǻČȱŗśȱǼȱ ȱà ȱ£ȱ£¢ǰȱȱ¢£ȱȱ£ȱ £¢ȱ relacji z innymi. ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ £ǰȱ £¢ȱ £ȱ ï £ȱ ¢ ȱ ¢£ȱČ¢ ȱ£ȱ£ǰȱȱȱȱÙ¢Ùǰȱ Čȱ¿ȱ£ȱ£ȱ- ȱ £ȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱȱÙ£Č¢ȱǻȱŞȱȱşǼǯ
ȱŞǯȱ £ȱï £ȱ ¢£ȱȱ£ȱ ȱ £ȱǻn = 396) .R 9[FCT\GPKG N M SD 1 ĦOKGTèDNKUMKGLQUQD[ 62 42,73 18,41 2 2T\GYNGMđCNWDQUVTCEJQTQDC 26 45,53 20,31 3 2QYCľPCEJQTQDCDNKUMKGIQE\đQPMCTQF\KP[ 14 42,92 19,97 4 )YCđVQYPGRT\GUVúRUVYQ 6 40,67 12,35 5 &QħYKCFE\GPKGMT\[YF[RT\GOQE[ 52 42,25 19,64 6 $[EKGħYKCFMKGORT\GUVúRUVYCY[RCFMW 1 66,00 0,00 7 9[RCFGMNWDWTC\ 71 39,99 17,82 8 -CVCUVTQHCNWDMNúUMCľ[YKQđQYC 66 35,76 16,16 9 2QYCľPGVTWFPQħEKſPCPUQYGTQF\KP[ 3 40,00 0,00 10 2T\GRTQYCF\MC\OKCPCU\MQđ[ 4 43,75 8,95 12 4Q\YÎFTQF\KEÎY 11 43,75 8,96 13 2QD[VYFQOWF\KGEMC 61 55,56 14,51 15 4Q\UVCPKG\DNKUMæQUQDC 11 58,72 15,37 16 Inne 7 46,71 5,79 ¿£¢ȱ £ȱ £ȱ £ ȱ ȱ £¢ȱ àǰȱ àȱ ¢Ù¢ȱ ï ȱ£¿ ȱȱ ¢ǰȱ ȱ£ȱïȱȱÙ¢ȱ£ǰȱȱ à¢ȱ¢ ¢ȱ ¢£ȱČ¢ ¢ȱ¢Ùȱ£ȱ£ȱȱȱ£ȱ ¢ȱ ȱȱ£ǯȱȱȱČ£¢ȱ£ȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ Čȱ¿ȱ £ȱï £ȱ¢Ȧ¿ȱČ¢ Ù ȱ£ȱ ¢Ȧ£ǯȱȱ £¿ȱ ȱÙȱ£¿ȱ¢ȱ ȱ££à¢ȱȱ ¢£ÚǰȱàČȱȱČ¢ȱ °ȱ£ȱČȱČïǯ ȱşǯȱ£ȱȱ ¢ȱ££ȱȱ£ȱ ȱ £ Czas N M SD Ostatni rok 182 40,41 17,25 1-2 lata 40 48,10 15,34 2-3 lata 53 48,03 19,38 2QY[ľGLNCV 76 46,98 18,49 1-2 lata <ȱŘȬřȱȱȱ ¢ČȱřȱȱǻǀŖǰŖśǼ £ȱȱ ¢ȱ££ȱàČȱȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ ȱ- ȱȱ£ȱȱÙ£Č¢ǰȱ°ȱ ȱ ȱȱǻpȱǀȱŖǰŖśǼǯȱ¢Č£¢ȱ-£ȱ ȱ £ȱ£ ȱȱàǰȱàȱï £¢Ù¢ȱ¢ ȱ
¢£ȱ ȱȱ £ï£¢ǰȱǯȱŘȬřȱȱȱ ¢Čȱřȱȱ£ȱ£- £¢ȱǰȱ ȱà ȱ£ȱǰȱàȱÙ¢ȱ£ȱȱȱ£¢ȱ ȱȱàĊ£¢ǰȱǯȱŗȬŘȱȱ£ȱǯ ȱȱ£ȱȱï £ȱ¢ ȱ ¢£ȱČ¢ ȱ Č- ¢ȱȱȱ£ǯȱȱČȱȱȱ ¢à ȱ ¢ȱȱ-ȱ ȱȱ ȱǻȱŗŖǼǰȱ£ȱ ïȱ ȱ£ȱŗȱȱŚȱȱ££ȱ ǰȱśȱȱŜȱȱȮȱ£¿¢ǰȱȱŝȱȱŗŖȱȮȱ ¢ȱ£ȱ ȱ £ǯȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱȱÙ£Č¢ȱȱ£ȱ £ȱȮȱŗŘŚȱǻřŗǰřƖǼǰȱïȱȮȱŗśřȱǻřŞǰŜƖǼǰȱȱ ¢ȱȮȱŗŗşȱǻřŖǰŗƖǼȱ¢ǯ Tab. 10. Normalizacja (n = 396) 9[PKMUWTQY[ 1 0-3 2 4-14 3 15-23 4 24-35 5 36-45 6 46-53 7 54-62 8 63-69 9 70-74 10 75-81
àȱÙ ȱ¿ȱ£ȱ£ ȱ £
ȬŘŝȱȮȱȦǰȱ£££¢ȱȱÚȱ¢Ùǰȱ£ȱȱà Ùȱ ȱ £££ȱȱ£à ȱȱà ǰȱ ȬŘŝȱȮȱȦȱÙČȱȱ¢ȱ£¢-¢ ¢ȱ£ǰȱàȱȱ¿ȱ °ȱ ȱ ¢ȱï £ȱ¢ ȱ ¢£ȱČ¢ ǯȱȱ ¢ȱï £¢ȱȱ£¢¢ ȱ£ȱ-ǰȱàȱÙȱ ȱ ¢ȱ£ȱ£ȱȱ£ȱ¢£¢ȱ wydarzeniem. Kwestionariusz KOW-27 – D/M jest przeznaczony do badania star-£¢ȱ £ȱ ǻ ¢Čȱ ŗŖȱ ȱ Č¢Ǽȱ ȱ à ǯȱ £ ȱ ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ£ȱȱǰȱȱČ¢ȱ£ȱȱ£ȱ¢ǯȱČȱ¢°ȱ Čȱ ¢£¢¢ ¢ȱ ȱ¢ǰȱ££àȱ ȱ ȱ¢£¢ ǰȱȱ£-ȱȱÙ£Č¢ȱ ¢ȱàČȱ£ȱ£Ù¢ ȱ¢£¢ȱȱ ï £¢ȱ ¢£ȱ¢£¢ǯȱ£¿ȱȱȱ££ȱ ¿ȱ£ȱ ȱ¢£¢ǰȱ£££ȱ¢ȱȱȱ£ǯ £ȱ ǻ ȱ ¢ ȱ Ǽȱ Ùȱ ¿ȱ £ȱ £ȱ £¿ïDZȱ ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ǯȱ ȱ £ȱ£¿ïȱǻǼȱȱȱ£££ȱǻ ¢ȱȱ£ȱŗŜǼȱ£ȱ ¢ ȱ ¢£ǰȱȱï £¢Ùǯȱȱȱ£¿ïȱǻǼȱ£££ǰȱȱ £ȱÙ¢¿Ùȱȱȱ ¢£ǰȱ ¢ȱȱ£ȱ¢ȱČ ïDZȱǮȱÙČȱČȱȄǰȱǮȱŗȱȱŘȱȄǰȱǮȱŘȱȱȱřȄȱȱǮ ¢ČȱřȱȄǯȱ¿ȱȱ ȱ£-ȱ £¿ïȱ ǻǼǰȱ Ùȱ ¿ȱ ȱ Śȱ ȱ ǻȱ Ŗȱ Ȯȱ Ǯȱ ï £¢Ùȱ ȱ £¢ȄȱȱřȱȮȱǮï £¢Ùȱȱ£¢ȱ ȱČ¢ȱȄǼȱïȱÚȱ £ǰȱàȱ£Ùȱȱȱ ȱ ¢ȱ£ȱ¿ȱ£ȱ£££¢ȱ £ïȱ wydarzeniem. ȱ à¢ȱ ¢ȱ ȱ ȱ à ȱ £¢¢ȱ ££à¢ȱ £ǯȱ ȱ ¢Č£ȱǰȱ¢ȱ ¢Č£¢ȱ£ȱ ȱ £ǯȱ£¢¢ȱ ¢ȱ Čȱ ££¢°ȱ ȱ ¢ǰȱ £ȱ £ȱ £££¢ȱ ǰȱ £ȱ £¢ȱ Č¢ȱȱȱ ¢à ȱǰȱ£¿¢ȱ£¢ȱ ¢ǯȱČȱČȱǻÙ-ȱ¿ȱ£Ǽȱ°ȱ£¢ȱ ȱ ¢àČ¢ȱ£ȱ£ȱ ȱ £ǰȱǯȱȱǰȱȱČ¢ȱȱȱ£ȱ¢ǯ £ȱČ¢ȱȱȱǰȱȱ Čȱ¿ȱ£ȱ¢£¢ǰȱČȱ£-ȱ £ȱȱ£ £ȱ¿ȱ £ ǯȱČȱȱ ¢°ȱ£ȱČȱ¢ȱ ££ȱ ȱȱȱ£ȱ¿ȱ ȱ£¢ȱï ȱ£¢ȱ ȱ Ǯȱ£Ȅȱ£ȱ£ ȱ£ǯȱȱȱČȱ££°ȱ ȱÙï°ȱ do relacjonowania przez nastolatków pozytywnych zmian, nawet gdy one nie wy-Ù¢ǯȱȱ¢ȱ£ȱČȱ¢°ȱČȱ££Ùȱ££ȱà¢ȱČȱ £ȱȱ£ £ȱ£ȱï £¢ȱ ¢£ǯ ¢ï°ȱ ¢à ȱČȱ£ ¿£°ȱȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ȱ ¢¿-¢ȱȱ£ȱ¢ ȱ££ȱȱ£à ȱȱà ǯȱČ¢ȱČȱ ¿°ǰȱČȱ¢ȱ£ àȱȱ ¢ȱï £ȱ¢ ȱ ¢£-ȱČ¢ ǯȱČȱȱ ¢°ȱ£ȱ£ȱ£Úȱ£ ¢ǯȱȱ£ȱ àČȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ£ǰȱàȱÙȱ¿ȱȱ ¢ȱ £ȱȮȱ¿- ¢ȱ ¢ȱï £ȱ¢ ȱ¢ȱČ¢ ȱȮȱ£ ȱ ¢-ȱ£ȱ£ȱ£Úȱ¢¢£¢ȱȱ££à¢ȱà ȱČ¢ȱ £Ù ǯ
£ȱ ȱ£ȱȮȱ ȬŘŝDzȱ ȱ
ȱÚȬ Ù°DZȱǻ£££Ǽȱ ȱ Wiek: ... ¢ ȱ ¢£ȱ Č¢ ǰȱ à¢ȱ £ȱ ï £ǰȱ ȱ £-°ȱȱàȱ£ȱȱȱ¢ǯȱÚǰȱ ȱȱȱ ¢£ȱȱ £Ù¢ȱǯ Č¢ȱ Čȱ££¢°ȱȱČȱȱȱ¿ °ȱ£ȱ z nimi. ǯȱ ȱ ȱ Čȱ ¢ȱ ¢£ȱ ȱ £ȱ ¢ ȱ ȱ ȱ ££ǰȱàȱï £¢ÙïȦïǯȱ££ȱȱ ¢£ǰȱȱà¢ȱ¢-ï£ǰȱ ȱ ȱ ȱȱ£ȱǯFħOKGTèDNKUMKGLQUQD[ FRQYCľPGVTWFPQħEKſPCPUQYGTQF\KP[ FRT\GYNGMđCNWDQUVTCEJQTQDC FRT\GRTQYCF\MC\OKCPCU\MQđ[ FRQYCľPCEJQTQDCDNKUMKGIQE\đQPMC TQF\KP[ F\OKCPCYQFRQYKGF\KCNPQħEK\CTQF\KPú FTQ\YÎFTQF\KEÎY FIYCđVQYPGRT\GUVúRUVYQ FFQħYKCFE\GPKGMT\[YF[RT\GOQE[ FD[EKGħYKCFMKGORT\GUVúRUVYC Y[RCFMW FRQD[VYFQOWF\KGEMC FPKGRGđPQURTCYPQħè FTQ\UVCPKG\DNKUMæQUQDæ
FY[RCFGMNWDWTC\ F inne – jakie? ………
FMCVCUVTQHCMNúUMCľ[YKQđQYC FPKEVCMKGIQOKUKúPKG\FCT\[đQ ǯȱ ȱ£ȱ£££ǰȱȱ£ȱÙ¢¿Ùȱȱȱ ¢£ȱǻ ȱȱ ȱ- ȱ¿ǼDZ FPKGFđWľGLPKľTQM FQFFQNCV FQFFQNCV FRQY[ľGLNCV à°ȱ¿ ǯȱ £¢ȱČ¢ȱ £ȱ £ȱÚȱ£ǰȱà¢ȱï £¢ÙïȦïȱ ȱ ¢ȱ£ȱ ¢£ǰȱ £¿ȱ¿ȱ¿ȱDZ Ŗȱƽȱȱï £¢ÙȦȱȱ£¢ ŗȱƽȱï £¢ÙȦȱȱ£¢ȱ ȱÙ¢ȱ Řȱƽȱï £¢ÙȦȱȱ£¢ȱ ȱïȱ řȱƽȱï £¢ÙȦȱȱ£¢ȱ ȱČ¢ȱ ȱ ¢ȱï £ȱ ¢£DZ 1. %\WLúUKúDCTF\KGLRGYP[CUKGDKG ... 2. $CTF\KGLEGPKúUYQLGľ[EKG ... 3. %JúVPKGLPCYKæ\WLúMQPVCMV[\KPP[OKNWFļOK ... 4. %\WLúUKúUKNPKGLU\[C ... 5. 2T\GMQPCđGOCOUKúPCMQIQOQIúNKE\[èYVTWFP[EJU[VWCELCEJ ...
6. /COYKúEGLRT\[LCEKÎđ ... 7. $CTF\KGLEKGU\úUKúľ[EKGO ... 8. %\úħEKGL\CUVCPCYKCOUKúPCFYđCUP[Oľ[EKGO ... 9. $CTF\KGL\CNGľ[OKPCFQDT[EJTGNCELCEJ\KPP[OK ... 10. &QUVT\GICOYUQDKGPQYGOQľNKYQħEK ... 11. <TQ\WOKCđGOCOľGľ[EKGOCIđúDU\[UGPU ... 12. 5VCđGOCOUKúDCTF\KGLQVYCTV[CPCKPP[EJNWF\K ... 13. 0CDTCđGOCORT\GMQPCPKCľGRQVTCſúUQDKGTCF\KèPCYGV\PCLYKúMU\[OK RTQDNGOCOK ... 14. $CTF\KGL\CNGľ[OKľGD[EQħYľ[EKWQUKæIPæè ... 15. -QPVCMV[\KPP[OKUVCđ[UKúFNCOPKGYCľPKGLU\GPKľRQRT\GFPKQ ... 16. ,GUVGODCTF\KGLħYKCFQO[CVGIQEQEJEúYľ[EKWQUKæIPæè ... 17. .GRKGLY[MQT\[UVWLúMCľFæEJYKNúľ[EKC ... 18. %JúVPKGLY[TCľCOUYQLGGOQELG ... 19. /PKGLRT\GLOWLúUKúFTQDKC\ICOK ... ... 20. $CTF\KGLTQ\YCľPKGRQFGLOWLúYCľPGFNCOPKGFGE[\LG ... 21. /COYKúMU\GRQE\WEKGDNKUMQħEK\KPP[OK ...
22. $CTF\KGLEGPKúUKGDKG ... 23. $CTF\KGLMQPVTQNWLúUYQLG\CEJQYCPKC ... 24. 0CYKæ\CđGOCOPQYG\PCLQOQħEK ... 25. 2T\GMQPCđGOCOUKúľGLGUVGOUKNPKGLU\[CPKľO[ħNCđGOCO ... 26. 2T\GMQPCđGOCOUKúEQLGUVFNCOPKGPCRTCYFúYCľPG ... 27. %JúVPKGLRTQU\úQRQOQEIF[F\KGLGOKUKúEQħ\đGIQ ... £¢¢ ȱ ȱ ï £¢ȱ ££Úȱ ȱ £ȱ ¢£¢ȱ ȱ £ȱ ȱ Ù£Č¢ǯȱ £ȱ ȱ £ȱ Ȯȱ ȬŘŝȱ ǻ ȱ ȦȱȱȦǼǯ
Literatura cytowana
Alisic, E., van der Schoot, T.A., van Ginkel, J.R., Kleber, R.J. (2008). Looking beyond ĴȱȱȱȱDZȱĴȱȱǰȱ-traumatic growth, and quality of life in a general population sample. Journal of
ȱ¢¢, ŜşǻşǼ, s. 1455-1461.
ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯǰȱ £ǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŖŜǼǯȱĴȱ ȱȱȱ-vivors of Cancer and Their Mothers and Fathers. Journal of Pediatric Psychology,
řŗǻŚǼ, s. 413-419.
Bauer, J.J., McAdams, D.P. (2010). Eudaimonic growth: narrative growth goals pre-dict increases in ego development and subjective well-being three years later.
Developmental Psychology,ŚŜǻŚǼ, s. 761-772.
Cryder, C., Kilmer, R., Tedeschi, R., Calhoun, L. (2006). An Exploratory Study of Ĵȱ ȱȱȱ ȱȱȱǯȱAmerican
Jour-nal of Orthopsychiatry,ȱŝŜǻŗǼ, s. 65-69.
ǰȱ ǯǰȱȬ ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱ ǯǰȱǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŖǼǯȱĴȱ growth in young adults who experienced serious childhood illness: A mixed--methods approach.ȱȱȱȱ¢¢ȱȱȱĴ, 17, s. 340-348.
Hafstad, G., Gil-Rivas, V., Kilmer, R., Raeder, S. (2010). Parental Adjustment, Family ǰȱȱĴȱ ȱȱ ȱȱȱ-olescents Following a Natural Disaster. American Journal of Orhopsychiatry, 80, s. 248-257.
Geise, A. (2008). Personal growth and personality development: Well-being and ego-development. A thesis presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School at ȱ¢ȱȱȱȮȱǯȱĴDZȦȦǯ¢ǯȦ¡Ȧ bistre (z dnia 20 marca 2012).
Kilmer, R. P., Gil-Rivas, V., Tedeschi, R.G., Cann, A., Calhoun, L.G., Buchanan T., ȱ ǯȱǻŘŖŖşǼǯȱȱȱȱȱĴȱ ȱ¢ȱȱ-dren. Journal of Traumatic Stress,ŘŘǻřǼ, s. 248-253.
King, L.A. (2002). Personal growth and personality development: Forward to the special section. Journal of Personality,ŝŖǻŗǼ, s. 1-3.
¢ǰȱǯǰȱ ǰȱ ǯǰȱȬǰȱǯǰȱ ǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŗǼǯȱĴȱ ȱ among children and adolescents. ȱ¢¢ȱ , řŗǻŜǼ, s. 949-964. ǰȱ ǯǰȱ¢ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱ ǯǰȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŖǼǯȱęȱęȱȱȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱDZȱȱȱȱȱȱęȱ Finding Scale for Children. DZȱǰȱȱȱ, řŜǻŗǼ, s. 123-129.
ǰȱǯȱǯǰȱĴȬǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŖŚǼǯȱĴȱ ȱȱ-scents. Journal of Adolescent Research, 19, s. 192-204.
ǰȱǯǯǰȱĴȬǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯǰȱ£ǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŖśǼǯȱȱȱŗŗȱ ŘŖŖŗȱȱĴȱȱȱȱĴȱ ȱȱȱ--Ethnic Sample of Adolescents. Traumatology, 11, s. 233-246.
ǰȱǯǯǰȱǰȱǯǰȱȬ£ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŖşǼǯȱĴȱ growth in adolescence: Examining its components and relationship with PTSD.
Journal of Traumatic Stress,ŘŗǻśǼ, s. 492-496.
ÚȬǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŖǼǯȱï £ȱ¢ȱ¢£¢ȱȱ£ ȱ-¢£ȱ£ ȱȱÙ£Č¢ǯȱPsychologia Rozwojowa, ŗśǻřǼ, s. 33-42. ÚȬǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŘǼǯȱ ¢ȱÙ£¢ȱ£ȱ¿ȱ ȱÙ¢ȱȮȱ£¢ȱȱ£¢ïȱ ¢-¢ȱ£ȱ£ȱ¿ȱ£ȱǯȱDZȱǯȱÚȬǰȱǯȱ£ ȱǻǯǼǰȱ ȱ ȱ¢ȱČ¢ȱ£Ù ȱǻǯȱřşȬśŝǼǯȱRàĊDZȱ¢ ȱRǯ ÚȬǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŘǼǯȱ¿Čï°ȱȱ¢£¢ȱ£ àȱȱÙ£Č¢ǯȱDZȱǯȱÚ-ska-Bulik, J. Miniszewska (red). ȱ ȱ¢ȱČ¢ȱ£Ù ȱǻǯȱŝřȬŞśǼǯȱRàĊDZȱ ¢ ȱRǯ ÚȬǰȱǯȱǻ ȱǼǯȱ ¢ȱÙ£¢ȱ£ȱ¿ȱ ȱÙ¢ȱȮȱ£¢ȱȱ£¢¢ ¢ȱ ȱï £Úȱ¢£¢ǯȱ£ DZȱ¢ ȱęǯ ÚȬǰȱǯǰȱ£¢ÚǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŖǼǯȱ£ àȱ¢£¢ȱȮȱ¢¢ȱ i pomiar. Psychiatria,ȱŝǻŚǼ, s. 129-142. ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŖŝǼǯȱęȱęȱȱȱDZȱ¢ȱ ęȱȱȱȱȱǯȱJournal of Pediatric Psychology, 32, s. 1264-1271.
ǰȱǯǰȱǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŖŚǼǯȱĴȱ ȱȱȱȱȱȱȱ-ęȱǯȱJournal of Traumatic Stress, 17, s. 335-340.
Taku, K., Calhoun, L., Tedeschi, R., Gil Rivas, V., Kilmer, R., Cann, A. (2007). Exa-ȱ Ĵȱ ȱ ȱ ȱ ¢ȱ ǯȱ Anxiety,
Taku, K., Cann, A., Calhoun, L. Tedeschi, R. (2008). The factor structure of the Post-ȱ ȱ¢DZȱȱȱȱęȱȱȱę¢ȱ factor analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21, s. 158-164.
Tedeschi, R.G., Calhoun, L.G. (1996). The Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory: Mea-suring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress,şǻřǼ, s. 455-471. Tedeschi, R.G., Calhoun, L.G. (1998).ȱĴȱ DZȱȱ. W: R.G.
Tedeschi, C.L. Park, L.G. Calhoun (red.), Ĵȱ DZȱȱȱ
ȱȱȱȱ (s. 215-238). Nowy Jork: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
Publishers.
ǰȱ ǯ ǯǰȱ ǰȱ ǯ ǯȱ ǻŘŖŖŚǼǯȱ Ĵȱ DZȱ ȱ -tions and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, s. 1-8.
ÙǰȱǯȱǻŘŖŗŗǼǯȱ¢ȱ£ ȱ£Ù ȱȮȱ¿£ȱ. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo PWN.
Wolchik, S.A., Coxe, S., Tein, J., Sandler, I.N., Ayers, T.S. (2008). Six-year longitudi-ȱȱȱĴȱ ȱȱ¢ȱȱȱȱ young adults. Journal of Death and Dying,śŞǻŘǼ, s. 107-128.