The falls of Niagara : depicted by pen and camera

r

H E G R A N D , M a c k in a c Island (J. R . H ayes, Proprietor), is one

o f th e largest and m ost p erfectly

eq u ip p ed resort hotels in the country, and is con d u cted in acco rd an ce w ith the a d va n ced m ethod s of the present

day. F ro m Ju ly ist u n til the latter

part of S ep tem b e r it is th e favored

f

H E W A Y N E , D e tro it (J. R . H ayes, Prop rietor), is open th e y e a r round, and is one o f the m ost h o m e-lik e and com fortable hotels in th e city . Its location , over­ lookin g the D e tro it R iv e r and im m ed iately opposite the M ich igan C e n tra l ra il­ w ay station, is m ost con ven ien t and d esirab le, e sp e cia lly for th e su m m er tourist. T h e W a y n e contains 200 room s, la rg e and a iry halls, and is first-class in e v e ry respect. D u rin g M r. J. R . H a y e s ’ ab sen ce, M essrs. W m . P . B e y e r and F ra n k H . H a y es w ill have ch a rg e , and th eir w ell-kn ow n a b ility and g e n ia lity gu aran tee to the travelin g public excellen t accom m od ation and courteous treatm en t. R a te s $2.00 to $3.50 per day.

resort of the w e a lth y and fashionable class of pleasure seekers, and the m an y attraction s o f the Island , u n ited to the am usem ents p rovid ed b y the h o tel, cover a su fficien tly large field to e m b race a ll tastes. T h e h o tel w ill be under the personal m a n ag em en t o f M r. H ayes.

* £ •

' j;

✓ÜTHE A R L I N G T O N , P e to sk e y (H ay e s, R ose & C o ., Proprietors), is the ideal VS/ fam ily resort h o tel, and is too w ell know n to require any aid from the p rin ter to insure its con tin ued success. It w ill rem ain u nd er th e m a n ag e m e n t of M r. J. M . R y a n , and w ill be m a in tain ed a t its w ell-kn ow n h igh stan dard of e x c e llen c e. R ates, $14.00 to $21.00 per w e e k ; $3.00 to $3.50 p er day.

F o r f u r t h e r i n f o r m a t i o n a d d r e s s T H E W A Y N E , D E T R O I T , u n t i l J u n e 2 1 s t ; t h e r e a f t e r t h e r e s p e c t i v e h o t e l s .

13 m

m

m

i

<ÜK - s

d ir e c t l y

I

n

F

r o n t

O

f

Q

u e e n

V

ic t o r ia

P

a r k

J

t s

S

u p e r io r

S

it u a t io n

O

v e r

O

t h e r

H

o t e l s

A

t

N

ia g a r a

I

s

A

c k n o w l e d o e d

B

y

A

l l

.

BIRD’S-EYE VIEW OF NIAGARA FALLS AND OF NIAGARA RIVER FROM LAKE ERIE TO LAKE ONTARIO.

1. Bu f f a l o, N . Y . 2. Ro c h e s t e r, n. Y . 3. To n a w a n d a, N . Y . 4. Ni a g a r a Fa l l s St a t i o n, N . Y . 5 . Su s p e n s i o n Br i d g e St a t i o n, N . Y . 6. IyE W IS TO N , N . Y . 7. Yo u n g s t o w n, N . Y . 8. Fo r t Ni a g a r a, N . Y . 9. To r o n t o, On t. 10. Ni a g a r a o n t h e Ta k e, On t. 1 1 . Qu e e n s t o n, On t. 12. Qu e e n s t o n He i g h t s, On t. 13. Cl i f t o n St a t i o n, On t. 14. Ni a g a r a Fa l l s, On t. 15. Fa l l s Vi e w. 16. Fo r t Fr i e, On t. 1 7 . Mo u t h o f Ta k e Fr i e. 18. In t e r n a t i o n a l Br i d g e. 19- Gr a n d Is l a n d. 20. Si s t e r Is l a n d s. 21. Go a t Is l a n d. 22. Tu n a Is l a n d. 23. Am e r i c a n Fa l l. 24. Ho r s e-s h o e Fa l l. 25. Du f f e r i n Is l a n d s. 26. Ce d a r Is l a n d. 3 1 . 27. Q . Vi c t o r i a Ni a g a r a Fa l l s Pa r k. 32. 28. Su s p e n s i o n Fo o t a n d Ca r r i a g e Br i d g e 33. 29. Ne w Yo r k St a t e Re s e r v a t i o n. 34. 30. In c l i n e d Ra i l w a y. 35. Ca n t i l e v e r Br i d g e. Su s p e n s i o n Br i d g e. Wh i r l p o o l Ra p i d s. Wh i r l p o o l. An c i e n t Ch a n n e l. 36. Ta k e On t a r i o. 37- T u n d y ’ s T a n e . 38. Ch i p p e w a. 39. Tu n n e l In l e t. 40. St e a m e r Ta n d i n g.

■ V

T

h e

F

a l l s

o l

N

i a g a r a

6 3 7 7 7

U qjtrtctr iw

y e n anti (Camera

' S'

^--KNIGHT, LEONARD & CO. CHICAGO

T H E AM ERICAN RAPIDS.

T

H E R a p id s are far from b e in g the least interesting feature of Niagara. T h e r e is a violence

and a pow er in their fo am in g career, w hich is seen in no ph en om en on of the same class. S ta n d in g on the b ridge which connects G o a t Island with th e Main, and lo o k in g up tow ards L a k e Erie, the leap in g crests of the R a p id s form the horizon, and it seems like a battle-charge of tem p estu ou s w ave s anim ated and infuriated against the sky.

N o one w ho has not seen this spectacle of turbulent gran deur can conceive w ith w h a t force the

swift and o verw h elm in g waters are (lung upwards. I h e rocks, w hose soaring points show a b o ve the

surface, seem torm ented w ith som e supernatural agon )’, and fling off the wild and hurried waters, as

if w ith the force of a g ia n t’s arm. N e arer the p lu nge of the F all, the R a p id s b ec om e still m ore

a g i t a t e d ; and it is alm ost impossible for the sp ectator to rid himself of the idea that th e y are conscious of the abyss to w hich t h e y are hurrying, and stru ggle back in the v e r y e x t r e m it y of horror.

T h is p rop e n sity to invest N ia ga ra with a soul and h u m an feelings is a co m m o n effect upon the

minds of visitors, in e v e ry part of its wonderful phenomena. I h e torture of the Rapids, th e clinging

curves with w hich t h e y em brace the small r o c k y islands that live amid the serge, the sudden calmness at th e b row of the cataract, and the infernal w rith e and w hiteness w ith which t h e y re-appear, pow er­ less from the depths of the abyss, all seem, to th e e x cite d im agination of the gazer, like the natural effects of im p end in g ruin, desperate resolution, and fearful a go n y , on the minds and frames of

N IA G A R A FALLS.

O

F all the sights on this earth of ours which tourists travel to see,— at least of all those which I

h ave seen,— I am inclined to g iv e the palm to the F a lls of Niagara. In the ca talog u e of such

sights, I intend to include all buildings, pictures, statues and w onders of art m ade b y m e n ’s

hands and also all beauties of nature prepared b y the C rea to r for the d elig h t of H is creatures. T h is

is a long w o r d ; but, as far as m y taste and ju d g m e n t go, it is justified. I know no o th er one th in g so

beautiful, so glorious, and so powerful. I w o u ld not s a y that a traveler, w ishing to do the best with

his tim e, should first of all places seek Niagara. In visitin g F lorence, he m a y learn alm ost all th at

m odern art can teach. A t R o m e , he will be b r o u g h t to understand the cold hearts, correct e y e s and

cruel am b ition of th e old L a t in race. In Sw itzerland, he will surround him self w ith a flood of

g ran d eu r and loveliness, and fill himself, if he be cap ab le of such filling, w ith a flood o f romance.

T h e tropics will unfold to him all that ve g e ta tio n in its gre a te st richness can produce. In Paris, he

will find th e su p re m e of polish, the ne plus ultra of varnish, according to the w o r ld ’s c ap ab ility of

varnishing; and, in L o n d o n , he will find th e suprem e of power, th e ne plus ultra of work, according to

th e w o r ld ’s c a p a b ility of w orkin g. A t Niagara, there is th at fall of w aters alone. B u t that fall is

more graceful than G i o t t o ’s tower, m ore noble than th e A p o llo . T h e p eaks of th e A l p s are not so

a stou n din g in their solitude. T h e va lle y s o f th e B lu e M ou ntain s in Jam aica are less green. T h e

finished glaze of life in Paris is less invariab le ; and th e full tid e of trade round th e B a n k o f E n glan d

A M E R IC A N A N D H O R S E -S H O E F A L L S , F R O M PR O SP E C T P O I N T .

T H E ICE BRIDGE.

U

P O N the occurrence of a th a w sufficient to break up th e ice in L a k e Erie, masses of floating

ice are p recipitated o ver the F a lls in blocks of several tons each. T h e s e remain at th e foot of

the cataract, from the stream b ein g closed below, “ and form a natural bridge across it. A s

th e y accum ulate, t h e y g e t p rogressively piled up, like a cy clop e an wall. B uilt of h u g e blocks o f ice

instead of stone, this singular m aso nry o f nature g e ts ce m e n te d b y the spray, which, rising in clouds of mist as usual from the fo o t o f the Falls, atta ch es itself in its upw ard progress to th e icy wall, and soon g e ts frozen w ith the rest o f the mass, h e lp in g to fill up th e interstices b e tw e e n the larger b locks of w hich this architectu re is c o m p o s e d .”

T h i s icy wall or m ou n d rises up from the base in front o f th e F alls to a h eig ht approaching the

level of th e upper stream. S c alin g th e m oun d is an ex h ila ratin g and laborious exercise, but th e near

sight of the m ad d en ed w aters p lu n g in g into the v o r t e x b elow is a fittin g reward for th e adventurous undertaking.

T h e ice b ridge g e nerally e x te n d s from th e Horse-shoe F a ll to a poin t near the railw ay bridge, lasts g e n erally from tw o to three months, and is crossed b y hundreds of foot passengers d uring the winter. T h e ice form in g the b ridge is ordinarily from one hundred t o one hundred and fifty feet th ic k —

rising from fifty to s i x t y feet a b o v e th e natural surface o f th e river. H u g e icicles, formed b y an

accum ulation of frozen spray, h a n g from th e r o c k s ; a mass o f quaint and curious crystalline forms stand in lieu of th e bushes ; th e b u ildings seem to sink und er ponderous co vering s o f snow and ice ; th e trees and rocks on w hich the d azzlin g frost w o r k does not lie stand out in bold contrast, form ing th e deep shadow s of t h e en tran cin g p ic tu re ; th e w h o le presents a wild, savage aspect, grand and im posing.

,o>

FROM T H E SUSPENSION FO O T

BRIDGE-T

H E last hues o f sunset lin ge red in the mists th at s p ru ng from the base of the F alls w ith a

mournful, trem ulous grace, and a m ov em en t weird as the p la y of th e northern lights. T h e y

w e re tou ch ed with the m ost d elicate purples and crimsons, that darkened to deep red, and then faded from th em at a second look, and t h e y flew upward, sw iftly upward, like troop s of pale, trans­ parent ghosts, w hile a p e rfe c tly clear radiance, b e tte r than a n y o th er for local color, d w elt upon the scene. F a r under the bridge the river s m o o th ly swam, the undercurrents forever unfoldin g th em selves upon the surface w ith a v a s t rose-like ev olu tion , ed ge d all round with faint lines o f w hite, w here th e

air that filled the w a te r freed itself in foam. W h a t had been clear green on the face o f the cataract

w as here m ore like rich verd-antique, and had a lo o k of firmness alm ost like that o f th e stone itself.

So it showed ben eath the bridge, and dow n the river till th e cu rvin g shores hid it. T h ese, sp ringing

a b r u p tly from the w ater s brink, and sh a g ged with pine and cedar, d is p layed the te n d e r verdure of grass and bushes intermingled with the dark evergreens that climb from le d g e to ledge, till t h e y

point their sp e ary tops a b o ve the crest of bluffs. In front, where tu m b le d rocks and exp an ses of

naked cla y varied th e g lo o m ie r and g a y e r green, sp rung those spectral mists ; and th ro u gh them loom ed out, in its m anifold m ajes ty , N iagara, w ith the se e m in gly im m o v a b le w h ite G o th ic screen of the A m e r ic a n Fall, and the green m assive curve of th e Horse-shoe, solid and simple and calm as an E g y p t i a n w a l l ; while behind this, with their w h ite and black e xp an ses broken b y dark fo liaged little

isles, th e steep Canadian rapids billowed dow n betw een their h eavily-w o o ded shores.— W. D . Howells,

T

H E R E ’S nothing great or bright, thou glorious fall! Thou mayest not to the fancy’s sense recall— The thunder-riven cloud, the lightning’s leap, T h e stirring of the chambers of the deep;

Earth’s emerald green and many-tinted dyes, The fleecy whiteness of the upper s k ie s ; T h e tread of armies, thickening as they come, T h e boom of cannon and the beat of drum; / T h e brow of beauty and the form of grace, The passion and the prowess of our r a c e ; The song of Homer in its loftiest hour, The unresisted sweep of human power; Britannia’s trident on the azure sea, America’s young shout of lib erty!

Oh ! may the waves which madden in thy deep, There spend their rage, nor climb the encircling steep And, till the conflict of thy surges cease,

T h e nations on thy banks repose in peace.

— Lord Morpeth.

N IA G A R A FALLS.

I

4

T H E A M E R I C A N F A L L ,

T H E HORSE-SHOE F A L L FROM G O A T ISLAND.

T

H E R E is no grander spot th an this. T h e waters are a b so lutely around y o u . I f y o u have

that p o w e r o f eye-control which is so necessary to the full e n jo y m e n t of scenery, y o u will see

n o th in g b u t th e water. T h a t c o n v e r g in g rush o f w a ter m a y fall dow n, d ow n at once into a hell

of rivers for w h a t the e y e can see. It is g lorious to w a tch them in their first curve ov e r the rocks.

T h e y com e green as a b a n k of em eralds ; but w ith a fitful fly in g color, as th o u g h conscious that in

one m om e n t m ore t h e y w ou ld b e d a s h e d into sp ray and rise into air, pale as driven snow. T h e vap or

lises high into th e air, and is g ath e re d there, visible a lw ay s as a p erm an ent w h ite cloud over the c a t a r a c t ; b u t the b u lk of th e sp ra y which fills the low er h o llo w o f th at horse-shoe is lik e a tum u lt of

snow. T h e head of it rises e v e r and anon o u t of th a t caldron below, but the caldron itself will be

invisible. It is ev er so far d o w n — far as y o u r ow n im agination can sink it. B u t y o u r eyes will rest

upon the full curve of th e waters. T h e shape y o u will be lo o k in g at is th at o f a horse-shoe, b u t of a

horse-shoe m iraculously deep from to e to heel— and this d epth becom es gre a te r as y o u sit there. T h a t w hich at first was o n ly g reat and beautiful, b ec om es g ig a n tic and sublime, till th e m ind is at a

loss to find an epithet for its ow n use. T o realize N ia ga ra y o u m ust sit there till y o u see nothin g

else than th at w hich y o u h a ve com e to see. Y o u will find y o u r se lf a m o n g the w aters as th o u g h y o u

b elo nged to them . T h e cool liquid green will run th ro u gh y o u r veins, and the voice of th e cataract

will be th e exp ression of y o u r ow n heart. Y o u will fall as th e bright waters fall, rushing dow n into

y o u r new w orld w ith no hesitation and w ith no d i s m a y ; and y o u will rise again as the sp ray rises,

bright, beautiful and pure. T h e n y o u will flow a w a y in y o u r course to the uncom passed, distant and

t h e h o r s e -s h o e f a l l , f r o m g o a t i s l a n d .

NIAGARA.

AS aught like this descended since the fountains O f the Great Deep, broke up, in cataracts hurled, And climbing lofty hills, eternal mountains,

Poured wave on wave above a buried world? Yon tides are raging, as when storms have striven,

And the vexed seas, awaking from their sleep, Are rough with foam, and Neptune’s flocks are driven

In myriads o’er the green and azure deep. Ere yet they fall, mark (where that mighty current

Comes like an army from its mountain home) How fiercely yon steeds amid the torrent

With their dark flanks, and manes and crests of foam, Speed to their doom,— yet, in the awful centre,

Where the wild waves rush madliest to the steep, Just ere that white, unfathomed gulf they enter,

Rear back in horror from the headlong leap.

Then, maddening, plunge. A thousand more succeeding

Sweep onward, troop on troop, again to urge The same fierce fight, as rapid and unheeding,—

Again to pause in terror on the verge.

H O R S F -S H O E F A L L F R O M B E L O W , ON C A N A D A S I D Ę .

T H E G R E A T C A T A R A C T FROM T H E C AN AD A SIDE.

B

E F O R E th e b a lc o n y in w hich this is written, the great cataract of A m e r ic a is th un de rin g, sm oking, g litte rin g w ith green and w h ite rollers and rapids, h urling th e w aters of a w hole continent in splendor and speed o v e r th e sharp ledges of the long, brow n rock b y which Erie,

“ th e B r o a d ,” steps p ro u d ly dow n to O ntario, “ the B e a u tif u l.” C los e at hand on our le ft— not,

indeed, farther rem ov ed than som e s ix hundred or seven hundred y ard s— the smaller, but v e ry im posing A m e r ic a n F a ll speaks w ith the lou d er vo ice o f the two, b ecause its coilin g spirals of twisted and furious flood crash in full im pulse of d esce nt upon th e talus o f m assive boulders h eaped up at its feet.

T h e reso u nd in g im p ac t o f w a te r on rock, th e clouds of water-sm oke which rise high in air, w hile th e river b e lo w is churned into a w h irlin g cream o f e d d y and surge and back-water, unite in a

co m p osite effect at once m agnificent and bewildering. B u t if y o u listen a tte n tiv e ly y o u will a lw ay s

hear the profound diapason of the great fall— that surnam ed the H orse-shoe— so u n d in g s u p e rb ly amid the loudest clamor and tu m u lt o f its sister, a d eeper and grander n o t e ; and w h e n e v e r for a time the g az e rests w ith in e x h a u stib le w o n d er upon that fierce and tu m u ltu a ry A m e r ic a n Fall, this

m ightier and still more marvelous Florse-shoe steals it a w a y again with irresistible fascination. F u ll

in front lies that w h o lly indescribable sp ectac le at this instant. Its solemn vo ice — an o ctav e lower

than the excited, leaping, alm ost a n g ry cry of fervid life from the lesser c a tara ct— resounds through th e g olde n su m m er m ornin g air like th e distant roar from th e streets o f fifty L o n d o n s all in full activity.

FROM C IT Y TO C A T A R A C T .

F

R O M T o r o n to we steam across th e lake to th e v illag e o f N iagara, w here a train is w a itin g to

carry us on to the F alls ab out half an hour further on. W e all w atch from the windows, eager

to catch our first g lim pse of th e w o r ld ’s great wonder. W e feel a n ervous a n x i e t y to stand in

its m ajestic presence. I q u o te from m y co m p a n io n ’s n ote-book on th e s p o t : “ T h e r e w as a b reak

in the w ood, a flash of w hite, a cloud of sp ray tossed h igh a b o ve the tree-tops; th en the dark w oods

closed again. That glim pse, flashing upon us and passing before w e could fully realize that the great

t u m b lin g mass was indeed Niagara, can h a rd ly be called our first v ie w of it. * * * I t was a

m oonless night, and in the dusk we could o n ly o b sc u re ly trace th e vast, v a g u e outline of the tw o falls,

divided b y the blurred mass of shapeless shadow s w h ich we learned w as G o a t Island. A s w e looked

upon them silently, and listened to th e ceaseless boom , like distant thunder, w hich sh ook th e ground beneath our feet, across th e s n o w y veil o f the A m e r ic a n F a ll, to our left, shot rays o f rosy light,

which m elted into amber, then into emerald. T h e y were illum in atin g the g reat w aters w ith colored

calcium lights. * ■■ * B u t the brilliant rays w hich fell across the A m e r ic a n Falls, and which were

turned on and off like a d issolving view , did not reach to th e Horse-shoe F a ll, a w a y to our right. V a st, solemn, sh a d ow y, w e could just d istinguish its form in the darkness, could hear the deep

m urm ur of its awful voice. A n d there, b etw e en it and us, w h a t w as that w e sa w ? W a s it some

huge, pale g h ost s ta n d in g sentinel before N ia g a r a ? W h ite , spectral, motionless, it rose up and

le a c h e d tow ards th e stars shapeless, dim, v a g u e as a veiled ghost. T h e r e w as so m e th in g alm ost

supernatural ab out i t ; it was like a great, colossal sp ectre w rap p ed in a robe o f strange, dim lig h t.”

B E X O W A M E R IC A N FADE A N D CAV E O F TH E W I N D S . i

N IA G A R A IN W INTER.

A

F T E R a few d ay s of hard frost in winter, the F alls b e c o m e more of a vision o f som e enchanted

land than a leal scene in our world. N o m arvels w ro u g h t b v genii and m agicians in the

E astern tales could surpass the w onderful creations th at rise a lo ng the surrounding banks and

h a n g o ver the walls o f the cataract. G litte rin g w reaths of icicles, like je w e le d diadems, gleam on the

brow of e v e ry p roje ctin g rock and ju t t in g crag. A rc h e s, pillars, and porticos o f shining sp lendor are

g ro u p ed ben eath the overh an g in g cliffs, g iv in g fanciful su gge stion s o f fa iry palaces beyo n d . E v e r y

fallen f i a g m e n t of rock under its ic y co v erin g b ec om es a m arble p y ra m id or obelisk, and masses of frozen sp ray stand out here and there in graceful and statu esqu e forms, easily shaped b y im agination

into th e half-finished work of a sculptor. E v e r y rift and o p enin g in the cliff is transform ed into an

alab aster g ro tto with friezes and m ou ldin gs all fretted and froze, with filagree w reaths and festoons and filmy veils and canopies of lace-like patterns and gossam er t e x tu r e ; and on e v e ry curve and angle, round e v e i y fissure and crevice, som e fantastic and lo v e ly decoration is woven b y w in te r’s

m aster artist, K i n g brost. O v e r the Horse-shoe, tow ard s G o at Island and th e Bridal V e il Fall, the

w a te r p o u is in thin silve ry sheets, which dissolve in w h ite cu rv in g mists as th e y slide s lo w ly dow n

pinnacles of ice, stretch ing high a b o v e them break these fa lling streams. T h e A m e r ic a n Falls,

th ro u gh its h o ve rin g veil of spray, seems transform ed into w reaths of frozen foam. T h e face of

G o a t Island is resplendent w ith h u ge m an y-tinted icicles, sh o w in g all the colors o f the rock on which t h e y are formed, and on either shore the under cliffs are h u n g w ith lo v e ly draperies of frozen spray.

T H E IR PILGR IM AGE TO NIAGARA.

T

H E slight b ridge to G o a t Island appeared m ore p resum ptuous b y d aylig h t, and the

sharp slope of the rapids a b o v e it g a v e a new sense of the im p e tu o sity of the torrent- A s t h e y w alked slo w ly on, past the now abandon ed p aper mills and the o th er human impertinences, the elem ental turm oil increased, and t h e y seem ed en tering a w orld the foundations

o f which w ere brok en up. T h is m ust h a ve been a g o o d deal a m atte r of impression, for other

parties of sight-seers w ere c o m in g and goin g, a p p a re n tly unawed, and intent s im p ly on visiting e v e ry point sp oken of in th e guide-book, and p r o b a b ly uncon scious of the all-pervading terror. B u t K i n g could not escape it, even in the th ro n g ascending and d escendin g the stairw ay to

L u n a Island. S ta n d in g upon the platform at th e top, he realized for the first tim e the immense

m igh t of th e d o w n p o u r of the A m e r ic a n Fall, and noted the pale green color, w ith here and

there a v io le t tone, and th e w h ite cloud mass sp urtin g out from the solid color. O n th e foam-

crested river la y a rainbow form in g nearly a c o m p le te circle. T h e little steam er “ Maid of the

M i s t ’ ’ w as c o m in g up, riding th e waves, dashed here and there b y conflicting currents, but reso lutely ste a m in g on— such is the a u d a c ity o f m an— and p o k in g her ve ntu resom e nose into

the boilin g foam under the Horse-shoe. O n the d eck are p ig m y passengers in oil-skin suits

c lu m s y figures, like A r c t ic explorers. T h e boat tosses a b o u t like a chip, it h esitates and quivers,

and then, slo w ly sw inging, darts a w a y dow n the current, fleeing from the w rath of the w a ter and

pursued b y the a n g ry roar.— Charles Dudley Warner. From “ Their P ilgrim age;'' copyright, 1886,

N IA G A R A IN W IN TER.

I

H A V E seen the F a lls in all w e athers and in all seasons, but to m y m ind th e w in ter vie w is

m ost beautiful. I saw them first during the hard w in te r of 1854, w hen a hundred cataracts

of ice h u n g from th e cliffs, on either side, w hen th e masses of ice b r o u g h t dow n from

L a k e Erie w ere to g e th e r at the foot, un iting th e shores w ith a rugged bridge, and when every t w ig of e v e ry tree and bush on G o a t Island was overlaid an inch deep w ith a co a tin g of solid

crystal. T h e air was still, and th e sun shone in a cloudless sky. T h e green of the Fall, set

in a landscape o f sp arklin g silver, was infinitely m ore brilliant than in summer, w h en it is

balanced b y th e trees, and the rainbow s w ere alm ost too glorious for the e y e to bear. I was not

impressed b y th e su b lim ity of th e scene, nor even b y its terror, b u t solely b y the fascination of its w onderful b e a u ty ,— a fascination which continu ally te m p te d m e to p lu nge into th at sea of

fused emerald, and lose m yself in the dan ce o f the rainbows. W i t h each su cceedin g visit

N ia g a ra has grown in height, in power, in m ajes ty , in so le m n ity ; but I h a ve seen its c lim a x

of b e a u t y.— Bayard Taylor.

L a grandeur m erveilleuse du tableau q u ’il v o u s est donné de co ntem p ler est telle q u ’on éprouve

une ém otion sans pareille. L)e g ig a n te sq u e s stalactites glacees, de 50 mètres de hauteu r enviion^

to u te s brilliantes au soleil, sem blent prêtes à vo u s écraser par leur masse formidable. L e s chutes

d ’eau étincelantes a u x couleurs d ’ém eraude qui se précipitent du fer à ch ev al accom p agnée s des vapeurs d ’eau s’élevant dans le ciel, la neige éblouissante des premiers plans, form ent des scènes si extraordinaires q u ’elles dépassent vé ritab lem en t ce que l ’h o m m e p eut rêver et p en de nt les quelques instants de co ntem p lation notre im agination en restrait presque co m m e troublée.—

B Ę Iy O W T H Ę H O R S Ę -S H O Ę F A L I , IN W I N T Ę R .

IMPRESSIONS OF NIAG ARA.

T

H E N , w h en I felt h o w near to m y C reator I was standing, th e first effect, and the

endu rin g o n e — instant and lastin g— of th e tre m e n d o u s spectacle w as Peace. P ea ce of

Mind, tranquillity, calm recollections o f the D e ad , great th o u g h ts of E tern al R e s t and

Happiness, n o th in g of g loom or terror. N ia ga ra was at once stam ped upon m y heart, an Im a g e

o f B e a u t y ; to remain there, changeless and indelible, until its pulses cease to beat, for ever.

Oh, h o w th e strife and trouble of daily life receded from m y view , and lessened in the

distance, during th e ten m em orab le d ay s w e passed on that E n c h an te d G roun d ! W h a t voices

sp ok e from out the th u n d e rin g w a t e r ; w h a t faces, faded from the earth, looked out upon m e from its g le a m in g d e p th s; w hat H e a v e n l y prom ise glisten ed in those a n g e l’s tears, the drops of m a n y hues, that show ered around, and tw ined th em selves a b o u t the g o rge o u s arches w hich the c h anging rainbow s m ade !

I th in k in e v e ry quiet season now, still do those w aters roll and leap, and roar and tumble, all

d a y l o n g ; still are the rainbows sp anning them , a hundred feet below. Still, w h en the sun is on

them, do t h e y shine and g lo w like m olten gold. Still, w h en the d a y is g lo o m y , do th e y fall like

snow, or seem to crum ble a w a y like the front of a great chalk cliff; or roll dow n the rock like dense

w hite sm oke. B u t a lw ays does th e m ig h t y stream appear to die as it com es dow n, and alw ays

from its u n fath om a b le g ra v e arises th at tre m en do u s g h ost of sp ray and mist, which is ne ver laid ; w hich has haun ted this place w ith th e same dread so le m n ity since D arkn ess brooded on th e deep, and that first flood b e fo re the D e lu g e — L i g h t — cam e rushing on C reation at th e w ord of G o d .—

“ T H E N IA G A R A F A L L S R O U TE.”

T

H E M ichigan C en tra l is the o n ly real “ N ia g a ra F a lls R o u te .” I t is the o n ly railroad that

gives a satisfactory vie w of the Falls. E v e r y train stops five m inutes at F alls V ie w ,

w h ich is w h a t th e nam e indicates, a splendid point from w hich to vie w th e g reat cataract. It is right on the brink of the grand canon, at th e C anadian end of th e Horse-shoe, and e v e ry part

of th e F a lls is in plain sight. E v e n if he is too ill or too l a z y to g e t out o f his car, e v e r y passenger

can see th e liquid w o n d e r of the world from th e w in d o w or the platform . T h is is th e M ichigan

C e n tr a l’s strongest hold on popular favor, its g reatest adv an tage, its chief attraction. S o lon g as

the w aters of that m i g h t y river thun de r dow n to th e aw ful d ep th s below, so lon g as the rush and roar, the surge and foam and prism atic sp ray of n a tu re ’s cataractic m asterpiece remain to delight and awe the hum an soul, thousan ds and tens of thousands of beauty-lovers and grandeur-worshipers

will jo u r n e y ov e r th e o n ly railroad from which it can be seen. T h e r e is but one N ia ga ra F a lls on

earth, and but one direct great railw ay to it.

A f t e r le a v in g F a lls V ie w , the train sw eeps a lo n g th e m i g h t y chasm to th e C an tile ver Bridge, g iv in g frequent and ever-changing view s o f th e cataract and th e surging, boiling river as it m a d ly rushes and rages b etw e en th e p erpen dicular walls of stone, tw o hundred feet high, th at form the

g reat canon o f N iagara. F ro m the b ridge there is a m agnificent v ie w o f th e Falls, th e R a p id s

and the S u spension F oo t-B rid ge , a b o ve the C a n tile v e r ; w hile b e lo w it the e y e takes in th e L o w e r

R a p id s and th e awful W h irlp o o l where C a p tain W e b b ’s b o d y was found.— Col. P. Donan, in St.

T H E E A R L IE S T ACCOUNT.

E T Y V I X T the L a k e s O ntario and Erie, there is a vast and prodigious cadence of water, w hich falls d ow n after a surprising and astou n din g m an n e r; insom uch that th e universe

does n ot afford its parallel. ’T i s true, I t a ly and S u ed lan d boast of some such things,

but w e m a y well say t h e y are but sorry pattern s when com pared w ith this of w hich w e now speak. A t the foot of this horrible precipice w e m eet w ith the river N iagara, which is not above a

qu arter of a leag u e broad, but is w o n d e r fu lly d eep in so m e places. I t is so rapid a b o ve this

descent that it v io le n tly hurries dow n the wild beasts while en deavoring to pass it to feed on th e other side, t h e y not b e in g able to w ithstand the force of its current, w h ic h in ev ita b ly casts them headlong, a b o v e six hundred feet high.

T h i s w ond erfu l d ow nfall is co m p ou n d e d of tw o g re a t cross streams o f w a te r and tw o falls,

w ith an isle slo p in g alo n g the m iddle of it. T h e w aters w hich fall from this horrible precipice

do foam and boil a fte r th e m ost hideous m anner imaginable, m a k in g an outrageou s noise, more

terrible than th at of th u n d e r; for w hen the wind b low s out of the south, their dismal roaring m ay be heard m ore than fifteen leagues off.

T h e re b o u n d in g o f these w aters is so g reat th at a sort of cloud arises from the foam of it

w hich is seen h a n g in g ove r this abyss, even at noon-day, w hen the sun is at its height. In the

m idst o f summer, w h en the w e ath er is hottest, t h e y rise a b o v e the tallest firs and other great trees

w hich g ro w on the sloping island w h ich m akes th e tw o falls of water that I spoke o f.— Father Louis

T H E C A N T IL E V E R BRIDGE.

E

A C H end is m ad e up of a section, entirely of steel, e x te n d in g from the shore nearly half

w a y o ver the chasm. E a c h section is sup p orte d near its center b y a strong steel tower,

from which e x te n d tw o lever arms, one reaching the ro c k y bluffs, the other e x te n d in g

over the river 175 feet b e y o n d the towers. T h e o uter arm having no support, and b e in g subject like

the o th er to th e w e igh t of trains, a c o u nter-adv antage is given b y th e shore arm b ein g firmly

anchored to th e rocks on the shore. T h e tow ers on eith er side rise from th e w a t e r s e d g e ;

b etw e en th em a clear span of 495 feet ove r the river, the lon gest double-track truss-span in

th e world. T h e ends of th e cantilevers reachin g on each side 395 feet from the abutm ents,

leave a g ap o f 120 feet, filled b y an o rdinary truss b ridge h u n g from the ends of the can ti­

levers. H e re provision is m ade for exp ansion and contraction b y an ingenious arrangem ent

b etw e en th e en ds of th e truss b ridge and of the cantilevers, allo w ing th e ends to m ov e freely as th e te m p eratu re changes, but at th e same tim e p reserving perfect r ig id ity against side

pressure from the wind. T h e r e are no g u y s for this purpose, as in a suspension bridge, but

the structure is co m p le te within itself. T h e total len gth of the bridge is 910 feet. It has a

d ou b le track, and is stron g en ou gh to carry upon each track at th e same tim e the heaviest

freight train, e x te n d in g the entire length o f the bridge, headed b y tw o “ consolidation engines

and under a side pressure of t h ir ty p ou nd s per square foot, produced b y a wind h a v in g a v e lo c it y o f seventy-five m iles per hour, and even then will be strained to o nly one-fifth of its u ltim ate strength.

T H E EROSION OF T H E

GORGE-I

T is a m a tte r of direct observation that, from tim e to time, large rocks o f the upper lim estone

fall a w a y into th e pool, and there seem s no escape from the inference th at this occurs

because th e erosion of the shale ben eath d epriv es the lim eston e of its support. Just

h o w the shale is eroded, and w h a t is the part p la y e d b y the h arder layers beneath, are ques­

tions in regard to w hich w e are m u ch in doubt. In th e C a v e o f th e W in d s, where one can

pass b eneath and behind one o f th e thin ner se gm en ts of the divided fall, th e air is filled with sp ray and .h eavier masses of w a te r th at p e rp e tu ally dash against th e shale, and t h o u g h their force in that place d oes not seem to be violent, it is possible th at their continual b e a tin g is

th e action that re m ov e s the shaly rock. T h e shale is o f the v a r ie ty k n o w n as calcareous, and

as its calcareous elem ent is soluble, it m a y be that solution p lays its part in th e w o rk of

undermining. W h a t g o e s on b en ea th th e w aters of the pool must be essen tially different. T h e

N ia ga ra R iv e r carries no sedim ent, and therefore cannot scour its channel in the m an ner o f m ost rivers, but the fragm en ts of the lim eston e bed th at fall into the pool m ust be m oved b y the p lu n g in g water, else t h e y w ould accu m ulate and im p ede its w o r k ; and, being m oved, w e can

understand th at t h e y b ec om e p ow erful agen ts o f e x ca v a tio n . W a t e r p lu n g in g into a po ol acquires

a g y r a to r y m otion, and, ca rry in g detritus a b o u t with it, som etim es bores deep holes, even in rocks

that are hard. T h e s e h oles are te ch n ica lly called “ pot-holes,” and there is m uch to com m end

W H IR L P O O L R A P I D S , F R O M T H B C A N T I L E V E R B R I D G E .

-AN ID EAL V IE W OF NIAGARA.

T

H E R E is one view of N iagara F a lls which m ay be regarded as ideally perfect, and that is best

o btained from the piazzas or m agnificent private park of the well-known International H otel. T h e o u tloo k is over the rapids leading to the A m e ric an Falls, the brink of the Falls, the terraces and forest-crowned slopes of G o a t Island, and, with the sw eep and grandeur of the great river between, the su n ny sward of Q u e e n V icto ria Park, w ith its venerable forest trees, and, rising high above all— violet- tinted b y distance— the lo f ty Canadian uplands, along whose brink run the tracks of the M ichigan

Central Railroad, g iv in g to that road an a d v an ta g e unique of its kind in the world. T h is vast pano­

rama unites in itself more varied elem ents of b e a u t y and grandeur, p ow er and sw eetness than can

be found com bined elsewhere in the world. T h e r e is not a single sight or sound to mar the perfect

tranq uillity and exquisite b e a u t y of the scene. O n the Canadian side our eyes soon becam e w e a r y of

the glare of light reflected from the falling waters, and as w e proceeded, nearing the Palls, we found

th at the atm osphere was d am p and chilly with mist. O n this favored spot, however, this lo v e ly lawn,

we sat for hours, until the shadow s of the venerable trees alternated with broad bands of su nlight upon the lawn, and the sp ray from the brink of the great P alls becam e suffused with colors of rose and am e th yst, su g ge stin g the g lo ry that the eyes of faith believe conceal the portals of the H e a v e n ly

C ity. A l l noise, confusion, glare, bustle were absent. O n e w as alone w ith N ature, and, therefore,

p erfec tly hap p y. If this view be missed, the tra v e le r’s trip to N iagara will be sadly incom plete, while

N IA G A R A IN SPRING.

From H arper's Magazine. C op yrigh t,

1865

, b y H arper & Brothers.

O

H , I c o u ld g a z e fo r e v e r o n t h y fa c e , U n w e a r ie d s t ill t h o u m a t c h le s s w a t e r fa ll, W h o s e t w i n i n g s p e lls o f m a je s t y a n d g r a c e M y a r d e n t s e n s e b e w ild e r a n d e n t h r a ll. I n a l l m y m o o d s t h y c h a r m s ’ p u is s a n t s w a y , E n f o r c e m y w i l l t h e i r m a s ie r - s p e ll to o w n ; M y h e a r t le a p s a t t h y v o ic e , o r g r a v e o r g a y , A n d e v e r y c h o r d is v ib r a n t t o t h y to n e . S o m a n y y e a r s I h a v e c o m e b a c k to s ta n d , W i t h r e v e r e n t a w e b e fo r e t h y g lo r io u s s h r in e , S o c lo s e a n d lo n g t h y li n e a m e n t s I ’v e s c a n n e d — I t s e e m s th o u s h o u ld s t g r o w s o m e t h in g le s s d iv in e ! I k n o w t h y f a c e — it s s h if t i n g g lo o m s a n d s m i le s — A s c lo u d , o r s u n , u p o n t h y b o so m lie s, T h y w r a t h f u l g u i s e , t h y w i t c h i n g r a i n b o w w ile s , C a n w a k e n o m o r e fo r m e t h e s w e e t s u r p r is e . I k n o w t h y v o ic e , its t e r r o r a n d it s g le e , H a v e i n m y e a r s o o ft t h e ir c h a n g e s r u n g — N o r f o r e s t w in d s , n o r a n t h e m s o f t h e s e a , .S p e a k to m y s o u l w i t h m o r e f a m i l i a r to n g u e . M y f e e t h a v e s c a le d t h y s to r m - s c a r r e d b a t t le m e n t s , A n d p r e s s e d th e m o s s m o s t e m e r a ld w i t h t h y te a r s ; A n d s t i ll p r o fa n e d t h y lu c e n t c a v e r n s w h e n c e T h e n e o p h y t e c o m e s p a le w i t h g h o s t ly fe a r s . Y e t , a s t h e m o r e o f G o d t h e s o u l p e r c e iv e s , A n d n i g h e r H im is d r a w n , it w o r s h ip s m o r e - S o in m y h e a r t t h y m a t c h le s s b e a u t y le a v e s C o n s t r a in t in t h i n e H is g r a n d e u r t o ad ore. In Mk m o r i a m, Ma y 19, 1892. W i t h in t h y c o u r ts, I c o m e t h is v e r n a l d a y , B 're F a s h i o n ’s c h im e s i n v it e t h e t h o u g h t le s s t h r o n g ; A lm o s t a lo n e I w a t c h t h y c u r l i n g s p r a y , A n d lo s e m y b r e a t h to s w e ll t h y c e a s e le s s s o n g . I m a r k t h e flo w e r s u p o n t h y m a r g e t h a t b lo w , S w e e t v io le t s b lu e a n d c a m p a n ile s , w h it e b e lls ; T h e i r a z u r e s h in e s u n b le n c h e d , u n b lu s h e d t h e i r s n o w , T h e s e t im id t h i n g s f e e l n o t, a s I , t h y s p e lls . A n d in t h y w o o d s t h e b ir d s h e e d n o t t h y ro a r, W h e r e t h e b r o w n t h r u s h a n d p a in t e d o rio le , A ll u n a b a s h e d , t h e i r tid e s o f s o n g o u tp o u r, A s i f t h y flo o d s in t e r r o r d id n o t ro ll. T h e y d o n o t k n o w , t h e b u d s a n d b ir d s a r o u n d , H o w w o n d e r fu l, h o w g r a n d , h o w d r e a d t h o u a rt; B u t I. t r a n s f ix e d b y e v e r y s i g h t a n d s o u n d , S ta n d , w o r s h i p in g t h y M a k e r , in m y h e a r t. I m u s t g o b a c k w h e r e tid e s o f C o m m e r c e flo w , A n d t h e d u ll r o a r o f t r a ffic c le a v e s t h e a ir ; B u t in m y h e a r t s w e e t m e m o r ie s s t i ll s h a ll g lo w , A n d to m y s lu m b e r s s u m m o n v is i o n s fa ir. N i a g a r a ! th o u w i l t fr e s h e n a l l m y t h o u g h t , A n d c o o l t h e b r e a t h o f fe r v id h o u r s fo r m e ; M y d a y s s h a ll la p s e w it h t h y r e m e m b r a n c e fr a u g h t , T h y v o ic e s c h a n t m y n i g h t s s w e e t lu lla b y . G r e a t T o r r e n t ; s p e e d t h e e to t h e la k e a n d s e a , W i t h tir e le s s s m o k e o f s p r a y a n d t h u n d e r o u s r o a r ; I b le s s m y G o d , fo r a l l t h y j o y to m e , T h o u g h I s h o u ld s e e t h y m a r v e lo u s f a c e n o m o r e !

A D M I S S I O N F E E S , R A T E S A N D T O L L S .

C a v e of the W in d s (w ith gu id e and dress),...

Inclined R ailw ay (Prospect Park), round trip down and return, . . . • • • • • •

H ydraulic Elevator at Horse-Shoe Falls, Canada side, with guide and dress, 50 cents. W ithout guide and diess

Museum (Am erican side), _ ... W hirlpool Rapids (either s i d e ) , ...

W hirlpool (either side), ...

Crossing New Suspension Bridge (over and return), . . • • . • * '

C r o s s i n g R a i l w a y S uspension B rid g e, over and return (no charge for carn a g e ),

in van from Goat Island. 10 cents. Around Goat Island, . . • * ,* ’•

Ride in van around entire Reservation with privilege of stopping off at any or every point of interest, and continun

■* Maid^cff ihSe M isLM rom fo m o f Inclined R ailw ay to Horse-Shoe Falls, landing on Canada side, and return

N iagara Falls and Suspension Bridge Street R ailway, from Soldiers’ Monument, N iagara Falls to Suspension Bridge,

Dufferin Islands carriage, with occupants. • • • . • ; • • • *

Round trip to W hirlpool Rapids, Canada side, via Old Suspension Bridge and liorse-car line, Round trip to Whirlpool Rapids, Am erican side, via cars,

Round trip to W hirlpool, Am erican side, via horse-car and transfer carnages, ...

R A T E S O F F A R E A L L O W E D B Y L A W IN T H E C I T Y O F N I A G A R A F A L L S , N. Y,

F o r t h e U s e a r .d H ir e o f C a r r i a g e s w h e r e n o E x p r e s s C o n t r a c t in m a d e T h e r e f o r .

For carrying one passenger and ordinary baggage from one place to another, in city lim its, not over one mile,

p o » . « ¡ .¿ n * « * . »

m i

0 .1 » pain, therein; mor'e

than one m ile and less than two m iles, ...

For'ca^ying^n'e^passm rner^M ^M huiry'l^^^age from any point within the city limits, to any other point therein, more than two miles and not exceeding three miles,... ...

$1.00 . 10 •25 •50 .50 .50 ■25 .10 ■G ■25 ■5° .05 .50 .40 •4°

•55

$0.50 ■25 1.00 •50 1.50 1.00

For each additional passenger and ordinary baggage, . . ■ • • • •

L

o c a t i o n

o k

C

h i c a g o

D

e p o t s

.

A T C H I S O N , T O P E K A & S A N T A F E , T o lk s tr e e t, b e t w e e n 3d a n d 4 th a v e n u e s . B A L T I M O R E & O H IO , H a r r is o n s t r e e t a n d F if t h a v e n u e . C H I C A G O & A L T O N , C a n a l s tr e e t, b e t w e e n A d a m s a n d M a d iso n . C H I C A G O & E A S T E R N I L L I N O I S , P o lk s tr e e t, b e t w e e n 3d a n d 4 th a v e n u e s . C H I C A G O & E R I E , P o l k s tr e e t, b e t w e e n 3d a n d 4 th a v e n u e s . C H I C A G O & G R A N D T R U N K , P o l k s tr e e t, b e t w e e n 3d a n d 4 th a v e n u e s . C H I C A G O & N O R T H E R N P A C IF I C , H a r r is o n s t r e e t a n d F if t h a v e n u e . C H I C A G O & N O R T H - W E S T E R N . W e l ls a n d K i n z i e s tr e e ts , C H I C A G O , B U R L I N G T O N & Q U I N C Y , C a n a l s tr e e t, b e t w e e n A d a m s a n d M a d iso n . C H I C A G O G R E A T W E S T E R N , H a r r is o n s t r e e t a n d F i f t h a v e n u e . C H I C A G O , M I L W A U K E E & S T . P A U L , C a n a l s tr e e t, b e t w e e n A d a m s a n d M a d iso n . C H I C A G O , R O C K I S L A N D & P A C I F I C , V a n B u r e n s t r e e t , b e t. P a c ific a v e . a n d S h e r m a n st. C L E V E L A N D , C I N C I N N A T I , C H I C A G O & S T . L O U I S F o o t o f L a k e s tr e e t. I L L I N O I S C E N T R A L , f F o o t o f L a k e s tr e e t. ( N e w d e p o t, fo o t o f 12th s tr e e t. L A K E S H O R E & M I C H I G A N S O U T H E R N , V a n B u r e n s tr e e t, b e t. P a c i fi c a v e . a n d S h e r m a n st. L O U I S V I L L E , N E W A L B A N Y & C H I C A G O . P o lk s tr e e t, b e t w e e n 3d a n d 4 th a v e n u e s . M I C H I G A N C E N T R A L , “ T h e N i a g a r a F a l l s R o u t e , ” F o o t o f L a k e s tr e e t. N E W Y O R K , C H I C A G O & S T . L O U I S , V a n B u r e n s tr e e t, b e t. P a c i fi c a v e . a n d S h e r m a n st. P I T T S B U R G H , F O R T W A Y N H & C H I C A G O , C a n a l s tr e e t, b e t w e e n M a d iso n a n d A d a m s . W A B A S H , P o lk s tr e e t, b e t w e e n 3d a n d 4 th a v e n u e s . W I S C O N S I N C E N T R A L , H a r r is o n s t r e e t a n d F i f t h a v e n u e .

T H E H IS T O R Y OF N IA G A R A RIVER.

L

E T u s p u t to g e th e r w hat w e h a ve learned of th e N ia g a ra history. T h e river b egan its

ex isten ce during th e final retreat of th e great ice sheet, or, in o th er words, during the series

of events that closed th e a g e of ice in N o r th A m e r ic a . I f w e consider as a g e o lo g ic period

the entire tim e that has elapsed since the b e ginn in g of the a ge o f ice, then the h isto ry of the N iagara

R iv e r covers o n ly a portion of th at period. In the ju d g m e n t o f m ost students of glacial g e o lo g y ,

and, I m ay add, in m y o w n ju d g m e n t, it covers o n ly a small portion o f that period. D u r in g the

course of its history, the length of the river has suffered som e variation, b y reason o f th e successive

fall and rise of the level of L a k e Ontario. It was at first a few m iles shorter than n o w ; then it

becam e su ddenly a few miles longer, and its present length was g ra d u a lly acquired. W i t h the change in the position of its m outh, there w e n t a change in the height of its m o u t h ; and the rate at w hich it

eroded the channel was affected thereby. T h e influence on the rate of erosion was felt chiefly alo n g

the low er course of the river, b e tw e e n L e w is to n and F o r t N iagara. T h e v o lu m e of the river has

likewise been inconstant. In early days, w h en the lakes levied a large trib u te on the m e ltin g glacier,

the N ia ga ra m a y h ave been a larger river than n o w ; but there was a tim e w hen th e discharge from the upper lakes avo id e d th e route b y L a k e Erie, and then th e N ia ga ra was a relatively small stream.

\

M M I I r j | f

-'¡"¡■‘'W' M'<SW 'SW'

I l s y l l i i L

C

harles

A .G

ould

president

H

enry

C. G

ould

New foRK, 120 BROADWAY.

S i LOUIS,

319 COMMERCIAL B1DG; Ch ic a g o.941 th e r o o k e r y Buffalo Wo r k s, a u s t in s t.

¡¿¡PLROA^ CENT

0

« t50«E5o0F''T H t L E A «'«0

¿ c C

P

P I T T S B U

R G # , P A

.

M A N U F A C T U R E R S OF

F O R

L

o c o m o t i v e

F

i r e

b o x e s

&

b o i l e r s

.

P

l a t e

a n d

T

a n k

s t e e l

O F A L L D E S C R I P T I O N S .

.'K.NfGHT LiO N /fffO t r O a -C W .

f

t

l f R E I G H T = A N D 'R E F R I G E R A T

9

R < A R

5

N E W B E R R Y -B L D G D E T R O IT A \ IC H '

CAPACITY, 10,000 CARS PER ANNUM

JA M E S MCMILLAN, Prest HUGH MC M ILLA N . Vlce-Presl. W .C .M 9 M IL L A N , Gen.M^r. J A S M cG R E G O R-. Gen..Su^T.

t e | p í M f i r f l l W ® t t l &

W. K .A N D E R S O N , Treas.

JOSEPH T A Y L O R . Sec>.

R E . PLU M B ,

GeruAcfenl.

Q E O . O. B E G G , Purchasing Agent.

S

team

F

o r g e

(

o

.

y JA flfS .rtffllL L A N , fre ír. |J.M.WHlTIW&)i <j f.T . HUGH.rpniLLANy PrfsC| W . K AN D E R50N, T ie « . I V i M C M IL L A N , % e c y m i Q o iM j/ '. JAMES rr.rilL LA N , P ra t . HUGH n ‘ niLLAN.VKe-P«sr. JOHN BBAUGH,Gen n j r SANIUa.flBAUOH,iupr. POTlELD.iecy. W.KANDERSON.Trey

(3 h a s G E l l i s , D r e g f .

W a l t e r AV? Q u e e n , V . P r e s t

E d w a r d El l i s, T i ^ a g

. P l ’T K I N , e m p f

-"‘•Hi...

10

C 0A \0T IV ES OF S T A N D A R D D ESIGN FOI^ A L L CLA SSES OF S E R V IC E ,

t

r

CHICAGO. ROCK ISLAND S PACIFIC RY.

x

P u i o « n n

''• » ■ » ■ » » « « s ' 8 8 *®

....

1

1

m

im

i i iiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiitiiii M

iiiiil^nm

lll

i THE ROCKY MOUNTAIN L IM IT E D ” and “ THE BIG 5 .” e night out, or one day out. Take your choice. Two Grand Trains daily between the W orld’s Fair City and the Foothills.

Business demands it, and the people must have it.

The popularity o f “ The Great Rock Island Route” as a Colorado line— it having long time since taken first place as the people s favorite between the Lakes and the Mountains— has compelled the management to increase its present splendid service by the addi­ tion o f a train that is one night on the road from Chicago to Denver, Colorado Springs or Pueblo. This train w ill be known as the “ Rocky Mou ntain Lim ited,” and w ill be put in service May first. Leaves Chicago daily at 10:45 a. m., arriving at above cities in the afternoon o f the next day. earlier than any o f its competitors. Especial equipment has been built for this train, with the

view o f makin" it a lim ited in every sense o f the word, and best o f all, there w ill he no extra charge. The route o f this exceedingly

fast train is by’ the Rock Island Short Line and a few o f the large cities through which it passes arc Davenport, Des Moines, Council Bluffs, Omaha, Lincoln. Reatrice, Fairbury, Belleville, Phillipsburg, Smith Centre, Colby and Goodland. This makes it a most

desirable route, and particularly interesting to the traveler. Another point: The popularity o f our dining-car service is still on

the increase, and no money spared to make this service what our patrons always say, “ the best.” ,

Our “ Big 5 ” w ill continue as usual, leaving Chicago at 10 p. m., and arriving

at Denver, Colorado Springs and Pueblo the second morning, being but oneda yout,

and this fast and popular train goes through Omaha.

Our No. 11 w ill leave as heretofore at C p. m., arrive at Kansas City at 9 a , m., and w ill reach Denver, Colorado Springs and Pueblo the second morning.

Our Colorado service is made perfect by this new

and the “ Big 5.” and gives to the traveling public tw oflyersd a il y.

Manitou passengers should consult the map and tim e tables o f our line, to fu lly appreciate the advantages in time saved by taking this route, when on their summer vacation.

t h e

B

i g

F

i v e

L

e a v e s

C

h i c a g o

D A ILY AT 10™ RM. “ Rocky Mou ntain I.im

RoeKY M ountain Limited

Leaves C h ic a g o d a ily a t 10.45. a.m.

T

a k e

T

he

G

reat

R

o c k

i s l a n d

R

o u t e

.

E . S T . J O H N , G e n e r a l M a n a g e r . W . I . A L L E N , A s s ’t G e n e r a l M a n a g e r . J O H N S E B A S T I A N , G. T . & P . A . , C h ic a g o .

•J F R I E P . K R U P R

r ^ T H O ^ T j % w

$

A

< r Sri , )N W tv r

T

H E S E W O R K S c o v e r a n a r e a o f 1200 a c r e s , e m p lo y a b o u t 18,000 m e n , h a t h e m o st im p r o v e d p la n t , a n d s t a n d u n iq u e , f r o m t h e f a c t t h a t t h e y h a v e t h e ir o w n O r e a n d C o a l M in e s , b l a s t F u r n a c e s , e t c . , a n d t h a t e v e r y s t a g e o f m a n u f a c t u r e is u n d e r t h e ir o w n s u p e r v is io n , a n d a r e n o t ( lik e o t h e r s ) d e p e n d e n t o n t h e o p e n m a r k e t f o r a m is c e lla n e o u s a s s o r t m e n t o f c r u d e m a t e r ia l, w h ic h , in c o n n e c t io n w i t h 75 y e a r s ’ e x p e r ie n c e , e n a b le s t h e m t o t u r n o u t a p r o d u c t o f a / v e r y s u p e r io r q u a lit y , s e c o n d to n o n e , a n d a t t h e s a m e tim e t h e d iff e r e n t g r a d e s ft

1 a r e a l w a y s o f t h e s a m e u n i f o r m q u a lit y .

I f o R S ,

' Kniqh 7 L / iO N ^

J f t F e l o f e v e r y <^ e^ cript

1

oi\

Northwest Corner Dearborn and Adams Streets. Opposite Postoffice.

*

Everything New and First=Class.

+

C H IC A G O .

T H E F A S T M A I L O F T H E 6 0 S T H E F A S T M A I L O F T H E 9 0 ' s

V

e s t i b u l e d

T

r a i n s

,

J0 p Pal-ace S le e p in g G a rs ,

D in in g G a r s .

m

U N IO N D E P O T S .

Council Bluffs.

Kansas

City.

Denver. Cheyenne,

Ogden,Salt Lake City.

^lost Healthful Resorts * 'S X

San Francisco,

^ ___________________ w a r e a l l o n t h e

O v e rla n d Route.

Portland.

r

P

o r

F

ulland

C

om plete

I

n fo r m a tio n

, P

a m p h l e t s

, G

u

/

d e

- B o o n s .T /

m e

- T

a b l e s

,

P

o l d e r s

.M

a p s

- A

p p l y to yol

/

r n e a r e s t

R

a

/

l r o a d

T/

c r e t

A

o e n t ô

,

o r

-S.H.H. C L A R K ,

PRES.& GEN. MANAGER. OMAHA.

E .D IC K IN S O N ,

,

A5ST GEN MANAGER. OMAHA

E .L .L O M A X ,

B iblioteka W S P K ie lce

0 1 8 3 8 2 4

0183824