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Some results on interpretability with parameters

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ZESZYTY NAUKOWE WYŻSZEJ SZKOŁY PEDAGOGICZNEJ W BYDGOSZCZY P r o b le m y M a te m a ty c z n e 1983/84 z .

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ANNA RUDNIK WSP w B y d g o s z c z y

SOME RESULTS ON IN T E R P R E T A B IL IT Y WITH PARAMETERS ( a b s t r a c t )

T h e c o n c e p t o f i n t e r p r e t a b i l i t y o f t h e o r i e s w as i n t r o d u c e d i n "U n d e c i d a b l e T h e o r i e s " ] . From t h i s t i m e , t h e r e h a v e a r i s e d a l o t o f d i f f e r e n t f o r m a l i z a t i o n o f t h i s n o t i o n , th o u g h t h e r e l a t i o n o f l n t e r p r e t a b i l l t y i s a lw a y s a q u a s i - o r d e r on t h e some c l a s s o f t h e o r i e s . Th u s o n e c a n c o n o i d e r t h e e q u i v a ­ l e n c e r e l a t i o n (m u t u a l i n t e r p r e t a b i l i t y ) d e f i n e d i n u s u a l w a y b y t h i s q u a s i - o r d e r and t h e n t h e p a r t i a l - o r d e r on c l a s s e s o f e q u i v a l e n c e , w h ic h i s in d u o e d b y l n t e r p r e t a b i l l t y . M y c i e l s k i sh ow ed [

2 ]

, t h a t i n c a s e o f h i s d e f i n i t i o n o f l n t e r p r e t a b i l l t y ( " l o c a l l n t e r p r e t a b i l i t y " ) t h i s in d u c e d p a r t i a l - o r d e r i s o f t h e l a t t i c e t y p e . He a l s o p r o v e d , t h a t t h i s l a t t i c e i s d i s t r i b u t i v e , c o m p le t e and a l g e b r a i c . L i n d s t r o m sh ow ed [

3

] , t h a t i n o a s e o f T a r s k i ' s d e f i n i t i o n o f i n t e r p r e t a b i l l t y f o r e v e r y t h e o r y T - a c o n s i s t e n t r e c u r s i ­ v e e x t e n t i o n o f P e a n o 's a r i t h m e t i c , t h e s e t o f e q u i v a l e n c e c l a s s e s o f t h e o r i e s , whi c h a r e t h e e x t e n t i o n s o f T , i s a d i s t r i b u t i v e l a t t i c e w i t h m in im a l and m a x im a l e l e m e n t s . T h is l a t t i c e i s c o m p le m e n te d i f t h e t h e o r y T i s n o t 2 ^ - c o r r e c t . I n t h i s p a p e r I s h a l l g i v e ( w i t h o u t t h e p r o o f s )s o m e s i m i l a r r e s u l t s c o n c e r i n g i n t e r p r e t a b i l l t y w i t h p a r a m e t e r s , w h ic h was i n t r o d u c e d b y S z c z e r b a ( [ 4 ] , [ 5 ] ) . We c o n s i d e r la n g u a g e s o f f i n i t e s i g n a t u r e o n l y . B y a t h e o r y w e a lw a y s mean a c o n s i s t e n t s e t o f s e n t e n c e s i n some la n g u a g e o f f i n i t e s i g n a t u r e . T h e o r y i s a lw a y s c l o s e d u n d e r d e d u c t i o n . We s h a l l u s e t h e f o l l o w i n g n o t a t i o n : L g " - t h e la n g u a g e o f s i g n a t u r e (5 ; S tg - - t h e c l a s s o f a l l s t r u c t u r e s o f s i g n a t u r e (3 ;

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58 L g - t h e s e t o f t h e s e f o r m u la s o f L g I n w h lo h a t m ost t h e v a r i a b l e s x 0 , x l f . . . , x n o o c u r f r e e ; <f ^ A” w h e r e O t é - S t ^ ,<р<£ХЮ+П , a t A m. L e t u s now g i v e s o n e b a s i c d e f i n i t i o n s . D e f i n i t i o n 1 L e t S ' , X b e tw o s i g n a t u r e s . By a c o d e ( w i t h p a r a m e t e r s ) fr o m d t o

t

we mean, t h e s e q u e n c e с = ^ n , L fp , Cf u * cp = * ' f 0 ' ^ l h T -1 w h e r e n i s an a r b i t r a r y n a t u r a l n u m b er, 'f é Le , Cf u 4 L - * n . < f = £ l £ + 2n , C f i f e L B + r i n f o r i < i h t . D e f i n i t i o n 2 L e t о b e a c o d e fr o m S ' t o t . L e t O t b e a s t r u c t u r e o f s i g n a t u r e <5 w i t h t h e u n iw e r s e A . F o r e a c h a é. АШ , i f _ i ® n o n e m p ty and I f = 0 L , a i s a c o n g r u e n c e r e l a t i o n i n 0 ( * a ( АП , (SS'i®1**') A < l h t V ^ ^ 4' t h e n we d e f i n e

Pc (öt,ä)=Ct ®у(Л,а ,

Now, l e t u s d e f i n e Г с ОЬ s: { P c ( ( ï l , â ) : 0 l = t f p f à 3 } • D e f i n i t i o n 3 L e t с b e a c o d e fr o m S ' t o X , L e t X , * d e n o t e t h e s e q u e n c e o f v a r i a b l e s ( * 0 » x 1t• • • х ш_ 1 <x m+ i n ’ x m + in + 1 » * * * * * » +i » « ~ 1 ) r e s p e c t i v e l y . L e t u s i n d u c t i v e l y d e f i n e t h e f u n c t i o n Fc : L L g i n t h e f o l l o w i n g w a y : w h e re i s T ^ - a r y symbo l o f L ^ , ; Fc ( 1 Cf ) = л Fc ( ( f )

F c ( t f v i p- )=

F o ( l f ) v F o ( V ) ; Fc ( V xA t f ) a V x ± ( l f u ( x ± ) Fo ( ( f ) ) .

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59 D e f i n i t i o n k L e t T b e t h e t h e o r y i n L ^ and T,, b e t h e th e o i* y i n L ,q- . Th en ( a ) L e t с b e a c o d e fr o m S ’ t o u . Ve s a y , t h a t с i n t e r p r e t s ( w i t h p a r a m e t e r s ) T^ i n i f f Vtffc L°r ( l f £ T 1 ( V £

(fp

( i ) — > Fc (</> ) ) <£ T2 ( b ) T^ i s i n t e r p r é t a b l e ( w i t h p a r a m e t e r s ) i n T 2 i f f t h e r e e x i s t s a c o d e с fr o m f f t o г su ch t h a t с i n t e r p r e t s T 1 i n T 2 . ( o ) T^ and T 2 a r e m u t u a lly i n t e r p r e t a b l e ( w i t h p a r a m e t e r s ) i f f T 1 i s I n t e r p r e t a b l e i n T 2 and i s i n t e r p r e ­ t a b l e i n T . . I t i s e a s y t o p r o v e t h e f o l l o w i n g u s e f u l f a o t : a c o d e с i n t e r p r e t s ^ i n T 2 i f f T = T h (t)jj P c 0t:O lF T$), T h e p r o o f o f t h i s lem m a, b a s i c p r o p e r t i e s and e x a m p le s o f i n t r o d u c e d n o t i o n s c a n b e fo u n d i n o r Г 5 3 . I t i s o b v i o u s , t h a t t h e r e l a t i o n o n m u tu a l i n t e r p r e t a - b i l i t y ( d f . 4 о i s t h e e q u i v a l e n c e r e l a t i o n o n t h e o l a s s o f a l l t h e o r i e s . C la s s e s o f e q u i v a l e n c e o f t h i s r e l a t i o n a r e c a l l e d t h e d o m a in s . L e t u s d e f i n e : [T ] i [ T 1 i f f T i s i n t e r p r e t a b l e i n T 2 ; w h e r e [t] d e n o ­ t e s t h e c l a s s o f e q u i v a l e n c e c o n t a i n i n g t h e t h e o r y T . Th e r e l a t i o n p a r t i a l l y o r d e r s t h e c l a s s o f a l l d o m a in s a n d , m o r e o v e r , t h e f o l l o w i n g c o n d i t i o n s a r e s a t i s f i e d : 1. T h e r e e x i s t s t h e m in im a l d o m a in . T h i s i s t h e o l a s s o f e q u i v a l e n c e c o n t a i n i n g t h e t h e o r y , w h ic h h a s e x a c t l y o n e , o n e - e le m e n t m o d e l. 2 . ^ i s a l i n e a r - o r d e r on a s e t o f a l l t r i v i a l d o m a in s (d o m a in i s t r i v i a l i f f o n e o f i t s e le m e n t s h a s o n l y o n e - e le m e n t m o d e ls ) 3 . L e t D b e t h e d o m a in i n c l u d i n g t h e t h e o r y o f tw o - - e l e m e n t s s e t . T h en f o r a n y n o n t r i v i a l d o m a in D *, D '. U. T h e r e e x i s t s an a n t i c h a i n o f d o m a in , w h ic h i s o f p o w e r

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60 con tin u u m . 5 . L e t D b e an a r b i t r a r y d o m a in . T h en t h e a e t £ D ' : D ' < D]- l a a t m oa t o o u n t a b le . 6 . T h e r e l a n o m a x im a l d o m a in . 7 . E a ch f i n i t e a e t o f d o m a in s h a s supremum. 8 . E a ch c o u n t a b le s e t o f fo m a in a h a s an u p p e r b o u n d , 9 . T h e r e e x i s t a c o u n t a b le a e t o f d o m a in e , w h ic h haa no aupremum. 1 0 . T h e r e e x i s t s a f i n i t e s e t o f d o m a in s , w h ic h h a s no i n f i n i -mum. T h e p r o o f s o f a l l t h e s e f a c t s w i l l b e p u b lis h e d i n t h e d i f f e r e n t p a p e r . REFERENCES [ 1 ] M o s t o w s k i A . , R o b in s o n R . , T a r s k i A . , " U n d e c id a b le T h e o r i e s " [ 2 ] M y c i e l s k i J . , " A l a t t i c e o f i n t e r p r e t a b i l i t y t y p e s o f t h e o r i e s " ( J . Symb. L o g . 4 2 ) [ 3 ] L in d s t r o m P . , " A l a t t i c e o f d e g r e e s o f i n t e r p r e t a b i l i t y " i n Some r e s u l t s on i n t e r p r e t a b i l i t y " S z c z e r b a L . , " I n t e r p r e t a t i o n s w i t h p a r a m e t e r s " ( Z e i t s c h r . f . m a th . L o g i c und G r u n d la g e n d . M a th . 1 9 8 o ) [ 5 ] S z c z e r b a L . , " I n t e r p r e t a c j e z p a r a m e t r a m i"

PEWNE W YNIKI DOTYCZĄCE INTERPRETOWALNOŚC I Z PARAMETRAMI

S t r e s z c z e n i e P r a c a z w i e r a s t r e s z c z e n i e w y n ik ó w d o c ie k a ń a u t o r k i n a w ią z u ją c y c h do p r a c L . S z c z e r b y z z a k r e s u i n t e r p r e t o w a l n o ś c i . P o z a w p ro w a d z e n ie m w t e m a t y k ę a r t y k u ł n i n i e j s z y p r e z e n t u j e pewną l i c z b ę d e f i n i c j i p o t r z e b n y c h do w p r o w a d z e n ia p o j ę c i a d z i e d z i n y . N a s t ę p n ie pod a n o t u c h a r a k t e r y s t y c z n e wł a s n o ś c i d z i e d z i n y .

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