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AHP jako metoda ekonomii eksperymentalnej

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AHP JAKO METODA EKONOMII EKSPERYMENTALNEJ

Maria Parlińsk a1, Łuk asz Pietrych2 6]NRáD*áyZQD*RVSRGDUVWZD:LHMVNLHJRZ:DUV]DZLH

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Słowa kluczowe $QDOLW\F]Q\3URFHV+LHUDUFKLF]Q\HNRQRPLDHNVSHU\PHQWDOQD

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Wprowadzenie

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(2)

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1. Analityczny Proces Hierarchiczny

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Rysunek 1. Struktura hierarchiczna

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Tabela 1. 6NDOD6DDW\CHJR Skala 2EMDĞQLHQLH  EUDNPRĪOLZRĞFLZ\UyĪQLHQLDHOHPHQWXGRPLQXMąFHJR  MHGHQ]HOHPHQWyZPDQLH]QDF]QLHZLĊNV]H]QDF]HQLH  Z\UDĨQDSU]HZDJDMHGQHJR]HOHPHQWyZQDGGUXJLP  EDUG]R]QDF]ąFDSU]HZDJDMHGQHJR]HOHPHQWyZQDGGUXJLP  DEVROXWQDSU]HZDJDMHGQHJR]HOHPHQWyZQDGGUXJLP  ZDUWRĞFLSRĞUHGQLH VWRVXMHVLĊJG\Z\VWĊSXMHSUREOHP]MHGQR]QDF]Q\PXĪ\FLHPNWyUHJRĞ ]HOHPHQWyZVNDOLSRZ\ĪHM 2GZURWQRĞFL GODSRUyZQDĔZSU]HFLZQąVWURQĊ ħUyGáRRSUDFRZDQLHZáDVQHQDSRGVWDZLH 6DDW\V  .ROHMQ\PNURNLHPZSURFHGXU]HMHVWZ\]QDF]HQLHSULRU\WHWyZJOREDOQ\FKLORNDOQ\FKGOD SRV]F]HJyOQ\FKHOHPHQWyZVWUXNWXU\-HGQDNDE\MHREOLF]\üQDOHĪ\QDMSLHUZ]QDOHĨüZHNWRU\ ZáDVQHRUD]ZDUWRĞFLZáDVQHPDFLHU]\SRUyZQDĔZ\NRU]\VWXMąF]DJDGQLHQLD]DOJHEU\OLQLRZHM 6DDW\]DSURSRQRZDáNLONDLQQ\FKPHWRGNWyUHZVSRVyEPQLHMVNRPSOLNRZDQ\GDMąSU]\EOLĪRQH Z\QLNL-HGQD]QLFKSROHJDQDSU]HPQRĪHQLXSU]H]VLHELHZV]\VWNLFKHOHPHQWyZ]NDĪGHJR ]ZLHUV]\RGG]LHOQLHRUD]Z\FLąJQLĊFLHGODNDĪGHJRLORF]\QXSLHUZLDVWNDNWyUHJRVWRSLHĔMHVW UyZQ\OLF]ELHW\FKHOHPHQWyZ DFR]DW\PLG]LH±WDNĪHVWRSQLRZLPDFLHU]\]HZ]JOĊGXQDWR ĪHZV]\VWNLHDQDOL]RZDQHPDFLHU]HPXV]ąE\üV\PHWU\F]QH :NROHMQ\PNURNXX]\VNDQHZ\ QLNLQRUPDOL]XMHVLĊGRMHGQRĞFLSRSU]H]SRG]LHOHQLHLFKSU]H]VXPĊZV]\VWNLFKSLHUZLDVWNyZ RWU]\PDQ\FKZF]HĞQLHM7DNRWU]\PDQH]QRUPDOL]RZDQHZ\QLNLVąSU]\EOLĪRQ\PLZHNWRUDPL ZáDVQ\PLPDFLHU]\ 6DDW\.HDUQVV± :OLWHUDWXU]HPHWRGDWDQD]\ZDQDMHVWPH WRGąORJDU\WPLF]Q\FKQDMPQLHMV]\FKNZDGUDWyZ OXEĞUHGQLHMJHRPHWU\F]QHM =QDQHVąMHGQDN UyZQLHĪLQQHSRGHMĞFLDPLQPHWRGDQDMPQLHMV]\FKNZDGUDWyZVXPNROXPQRZ\FKPHWRG\ ZDĪRQHXNáDG\UyZQDĔOLQLRZ\FKRSDUWHQDPLQLPDOL]DFMLRGOHJáRĞFL =DNDULD'DKODQ+XVVLQ V  2EOLF]RQHZNWyU\Ğ]Z\ĪHMZ\PLHQLRQ\FKVSRVREyZZHNWRU\ZáDVQHVąW]ZSULRU\WHWDPL ORNDOQ\PL1DQDMZ\ĪV]\PSR]LRPLHVWUXNWXU\F]\OLSR]LRPLHSRUyZQDĔNU\WHULyZZ]JOĊGHP FHOXJáyZQHJRSULRU\WHW\ORNDOQHVąMHGQRF]HĞQLHJOREDOQ\PLLZ\UDĪDMąWRNWyUH]Z\PLHQLR Q\FKNU\WHULyZPDQDMZLĊNV]H]QDF]HQLHZNRQWHNĞFLHVIRUPXáRZDQHJRFHOX1DQDMQLĪV]\P SR]LRPLH JG]LH XPLHMVFRZLRQH Vą ZDULDQW\ GHF\]\MQH SRVWĊSXMH VLĊ SRGREQLH :LHONRĞFL Vą EDUG]RZDĪQHJG\ĪáąF]ąRQH]HVREąHOHPHQW]QDMZ\ĪV]HJRSR]LRPX]HOHPHQWDPLSR]LRPX QDMQLĪV]HJRFRVSUDZLDĪHFDáDVWUXNWXUDMHVWVSyMQąFDáRĞFLą3ULRU\WHW]QDMZ\ĪV]ąZDUWRĞFLą X]QDMHVLĊ]DQDMNRU]\VWQLHMV]\ $GDPXVàDVDNV± 

.ROHMQ\PLZDUWRĞFLDPLX]\VNLZDQ\PL]G]LDáDĔSU]HSURZDG]DQ\FKQDPDFLHU]DFKSRUyZ QDĔVąȜmax , indeks C.I. (Consistency Index RUD]ZVSyáF]\QQLNC.R. (Consistency Ratio 1DM

ZLĊNV]DZDUWRĞüZáDVQDPDFLHU]\F]\OLȜmax = max{Ȝ1, Ȝ2, Ȝ3, ..., Ȝn`JG]LHn – liczba pierwiast

NyZZLHORPLDQXFKDUDNWHU\VW\F]QHJRRNUHĞODVWRSLHĔ]JRGQRĞFLSRUyZQDĔSDUDPLF]\OLWRF]\ VąRQHNRQVHNZHQWQHLQLHZ\NOXF]DMąVLHELHQDZ]DMHP:OLWHUDWXU]H]DOHFDVLĊDE\Ȝmax = n

(5)

ZDUWRĞüZáDVQDPDFLHU]\MHVWUyZQDU]ĊGRZLPDFLHU]\ SRQLHZDĪZyZF]DVZ\VWĊSXMHFDáNRZL WD]JRGQRĞüRFHQ 6DDW\2]GHPLUV 

Na podstawie ȜmaxREOLF]DVLĊLQGHNVQLH]JRGQRĞFLF]\OLSR]LRPRGFK\OHQLDRGSRĪąGDQHM

VSyMQRĞFL:\UDĪDVLĊJRZ]RUHP CI = (Ȝmax – n) n – 1 1DSRGVWDZLHWHJRLQGHNVXEXGXMHVLĊZVSyáF]\QQLNC.R.NWyU\MHVWáDWZLHMV]\ZLQWHUSUHWDFML JG\ĪZSURFHQWDFKZ\UDĪDZMDNLPVWRSQLXSRUyZQDQLDHOHPHQWyZGDQHJRSR]LRPXVWUXNWXU\ VąQLH]JRGQHZ]JOĊGHPVLHELH EUDNNRQVHNZHQFMLZLFKDQDOL]LH 2EOLF]DVLĊJR]HZ]RUX C.R. î C.I. R.I. JG]LH]DR.I. DQJRandom Index SU]\MPXMHVLĊW]ZORVRZ\LQGHNVQLH]JRGQRĞFL-HVWRQRE OLF]DQ\]SUyE\QDNWyUąVNáDGDMąVLĊORVRZRZ\EUDQHPDFLHU]H $GDPXVàDVDNV  Tabela 2. :DUWRĞFLZVSyáF]\QQLND5,GODSUyE\ n                5,                ħUyGáRRSUDFRZDQLHZáDVQHQDSRGVWDZLH 6DDW\2]GHPLUV  =DOHFDVLĊDE\ZDUWRĞüZVSyáF]\QQLNDQLH]JRGQRĞFLGODPDFLHU]\RZ\PLDUDFKZLĊNV]\FK QLĪîQLHE\áDZLĊNV]DQLĪGODPDFLHU]\î±QDWRPLDVWGODPDFLHU]\î± 3U]HNURF]HQLHW\FKSURJyZZVND]XMHQDWRĪHRFHQ\QLHVąNRQVHNZHQWQHLSRZLQQ\E\üSRZWy U]RQH 3DUOLĔVNDV =GUXJLHMVWURQ\MHGQDNQDOHĪ\]DXZDĪ\üĪHZSUDNW\FHV\WXDFMD JG\C.R. F]\OLV\WXDFMDEUDNXMDNLHMNROZLHNQLH]JRGQRĞFLUyZQLHĪMHVWQLHNRU]\VWQDJG\Ī ZUHDOQ\PSUREOHPLHGHF\]\MQ\PGHF\GHQFLFLąJOH]GRE\ZDMąQRZąZLHG]ĊLQDE\ZDMąQRZH XPLHMĊWQRĞFLFRPRĪHVNXWNRZDü]PLDQąRSLQLLQDGDQ\WHPDW $GDPXVàDVDNV 

2. Przykład symulacji

:OLWHUDWXU]H]RVWDáMXĪXNV]WDáWRZDQ\SHZLHQVWDQEDGDĔZ]DNUHVLHVWRVRZDQLD0&'$ ZHNRQRPLLHNVSHU\PHQWDOQHM3U]\NáDGRZR/¡NHQ]DSRPRFąHNVSHU\PHQWXSRUyZQ\ZDá]D VWRVRZDQLHGZyFKPHWRG0&'$GRSURMHNWRZDQLDV\VWHPXHQHUJHW\F]QHJRXZ]JOĊGQLDMąFHJR SUHIHUHQFMHNRQVXPHQWyZ8PRĪOLZLáRWRZ\V]F]HJyOQLHQLHLFK]DOHW3U]HSURZDG]RQHHNVSHU\ PHQW\Z\ND]Dá\ĪHUyĪQHPHWRG\Z\V]F]HJyOQLRQHZUDPDFKJUXS\0&'$QLHPXV]ąSURZD G]LüGRWDNLFKVDP\FKZ\QLNyZ5yĪQLFHWHPRJąE\üVSRZRGRZDQHPLQUyĪQ\PVSRVREHP ]DGDZDQLD S\WDĔ VWRSQLHP WUXGQRĞFL GDQHM SURFHGXU\ F]\ WHĪ UyĪQ\P VSRVREHP Z\UDĪDQLD SUHIHUHQFML-HGQDNĪHPHWRGD$+3RND]DáDVLĊQDMHIHNW\ZQLHMV]DJáyZQLH]HZ]JOĊGXQDPDáR VNRPSOLNRZDQąSURFHGXUĊ /¡NHQV± 3RQLĪHM]DSUH]HQWRZDQRLQQ\SURVW\SU]\NáDG ]DVWRVRZDQLDWHMPHWRG\

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1DU\VXQNXSU]HGVWDZLRQRVWUXNWXUĊGODSUREOHPXZ\ERUXVDPRFKRGXSU]\MPXMąFF]WHU\ NU\WHULD5R]SRF]\QDMąFSU]HGPLRWRZąDQDOL]ĊRNUHĞORQRQDVWĊSXMąFHNU\WHULDZ\ERUX &HQDĺ  6SDODQLHĺ  .RPIRUWĺ  'HVLJQĺ  Rysunek 2. 6WUXNWXUDKLHUDUFKLF]QDGODSU]\NáDGRZHJRSUREOHPXGHF\]\MQHJR ħUyGáRRSUDFRZDQLHZáDVQH 7\PVDP\PQDGDMHVLĊLPZDJĊ ZDUWRĞüZQDZLDVDFK NWyUDE\áDJáyZQąGHWHUPLQDQWą : W\P SU]\NáDG]LH ]DáRĪRQR ĪH E\áD WR FHQD VDPRFKRGX ZDUWRĞü SRF]ąWNRZD NXSRZDQHJR VDPRFKRGX]JRGQLH]XVWDZąRUDFKXQNRZRĞFL :DUWRĞüWHJRNU\WHULXPZ\QLRVáD1DWR PLDVWQDMPQLHMLVWRWQ\PF]\QQLNLHP  LMHGQRF]HĞQLHQDMEDUG]LHMVXELHNW\ZQ\PE\áGHVLJQ %LRUąFSRGXZDJĊIDNWĪHNU\WHULXPFHQ\LVSDODQLDVWDQRZLá\ZDJLSXQNWRZHMPRGHOHP VDPRFKRGXNWyU\ZW\FKNDWHJRULDFKRND]DáVLĊQDMEDUG]LHMHNRQRPLF]Q\E\áUHQDXOWFOLR7RWH GZDF]\QQLNLZ]GHF\GRZDQHMPLHU]HZSá\QĊá\QDUDQNLQJ .ROHMQ\PDVSHNWHPREOLF]HĔSU]\]DVWRVRZDQLXPHWRG\$+3MHVWIDNWĪHVDPRFKRG\VNR GDIDELDLYRONVZDJHQJROIEĊGąFHW\PLVDP\PLVDPRFKRGDPLZVZRMHMNODVLHG]LDáDMąFHZUD PDFKMHGQHMJUXS\SURGXFHQFNLHMX]\VNDá\QLHPDOĪHWDNLHVDPHZ\QLNL'RSLHURF]ZDUWHPLHM VFHSRSU]HFLQNXZ\ND]DáRUyĪQLFHSXQNWRZH VNRGDIDELD±LYRONVZDJHQJROI±  2VWDWQLPDQDOL]RZDQ\PVDPRFKRGHPE\áPHUFHGHVVFODVV0HUFHGHVX]\VNDáQDMZ\ĪV]H ZVSyáF]\QQLNLNRPIRUWX  LGHVLJQX  DOHLFKZDJLSU]\Z\ERU]HQDMOHSV]HJRVDPRFKR GXZRVWDWHF]Q\PUDQNLQJXZVWRVXQNXGRGZyFKSR]RVWDá\FKNU\WHULyZE\á\PDáR]QDF]ąFH

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Podsumowanie

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Literatura

$GDPXV:àDVDN3  =DVWRVRZDQLHPHWRG\$+3GRZ\ERUXXPLHMVFRZLHQLDQDG]RUXQDGU\QNLHPILQDQ sowym. Bank i Kredyt, 41  ±

%RGLQ/*DVV6,  2QWHDFKLQJWKHDQDO\WLFKLHUDUFK\SURFHVV Computers & Operations Research, 30± 

*XLWRXQL$0DUWHO-  7HQWDWLYHJXLGHOLQHVWRKHOSFKRRVLQJDQDSSURSULDWH0&'$PHWKRGEuropean Journal

of Operational Research, 109  ±

.UDZF]\N0 UHG   Ekonomia eksperymentalna.:DUV]DZD2ILF\QDD:ROWHUV.OXZHUEXVLQHVV

/¡NHQ(  Multi-Criteria Planning of Local Energy Systems with Multiple Energy Carriers.7KHVLVIRUWKH GHJUHH SKLORVRSKLDH GRFWRU 3REUDQH ] KWWSVZZZVLQWHIQRJOREDODVVHWVSURMHFWVHGVHVSHQORNHQBWKHVLVSGI  

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Rural Development, 4  ± 2PNDUSUDVDG696XVKLO.  $QDO\WLFKLHUDUFK\SURFHVV$QRYHUYLHZRIDSSOLFDWLRQVEuropean Journal of Operational Research, 169± 3DUOLĔVND0  5RODLQIRUPDFMLZJRVSRGDUFHU\QNRZHMQDSRGVWDZLHZ\EUDQ\FKUROQ\FKU\QNyZKXUWRZ\FK. :DUV]DZD:\GDZQLFWZR6**: 3RVNURENR7  1RZHNRQFHSFMHLWHRULHUR]ZRMXZHNRQRPLL:6&]DMD$%HFOD73RVNURENR-:áRGDUF]\N :\]ZDQLDZVSyáF]HVQHMHNRQRPLL'LILQ:DUV]DZD

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6DDW\7/2]GHPLU0  :K\WKHPDJLFQXPEHUVHYHQSOXVRUPLQXVWZRMathematical and Computer

Model-ling, 38±

6PLWK9  (FRQRPLFVLQWKHODERUDWRU\Journal of Economic Perspectives, 8±

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