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Zabytkoznawstwo i Konserwatorstwo XLIII, Toruń 2012

Maria Rdesińska*, Paulina Szmaglińska** Alina Tomaszewska-Szewczyk*

* Wydział Sztuk Pięknych, Instytut Zabytkoznawstwa i Konserwatorstwa * Wydział Nauk Historycznych, Instytut Archeologii

Znaki pielgrzymie.

Przyczynek z zakresu kultury materialnej

i konserwacji

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Summary

Pilgrim Signs.

Contribution from the Scope of the Material Culture and Conservation

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