Jolanta Pękowska
"Flexion im mentalen Lexikon"
Martina Penke, Tübingen 2006 :
[recenzja]
Lublin Studies in Modern Languages and Literature 33, 198-203
L IT E R A T U R E 33, 2009, h t t p ://w w w .l s m l l . u m c s .l u b l i n . p l
Jolanta Sękowska
Maria Curie-Skłodowska University,
Lublin, Poland
Martina Penke (2006): Flexion im mentalen Lexikon.
Tübingen. Niemeyer.
D a s B u c h v o n M a r tin a P e n k e g ib t e in e n E in b lic k in d e n g e g e n w ä r tig e n F o rs c h u n g s s ta n d z u m k o n tr o v e r s d is k u tie r te n T h e m a , w ie u n d w o f le k tie r te w ö r t e r z u r e p r ä s e n tie r e n s in d . w e r d e n f le k tie r te F o rm e n d u r c h A n w e n d u n g e in e r F le x io n s r e g e l g e b ild e t, o d e r s in d sie a ls f le k tie r te F o rm e n im m e n ta le n L e x ik o n g e s p e ic h e r t. D ie K o n tr o v e r s e n b e tr e f f e n a u c h d ie F ra g e n a c h d e r R e p r ä s e n ta tio n v o n F le x io n s a f f ix e n u n d d e m S ta tu s d e s m e n ta le n L e x ik o n s s e lb s t. D ie A u to r in v e r s u c h t d u r c h e in e U n te r s u c h u n g v o n F le x io n s s y s te m e n d e s D e u ts c h e n u n d d e s E n g lis c h e n E r k e n n tn is s e ü b e r d ie R e p rä s e n ta tio n d e r F le x io n s m o r p h o lo g ie z u g e w in n e n . D a d a s a u s g e p r ä g te F le x io n s s y s te m d e s D e u ts c h e n z u r M a rk ie r u n g v o n P e r s o n e n - u n d N u m e r u s k o n g r u e n z s ic h w e itg e h e n d v o n d e m r e d u z ie r te n F le x io n s s y s te m d e s E n g lis c h e n u n te rs c h e id e t, k ö n n e n im D e u ts c h e n s o lc h e P h ä n o m e n e u n te r s u c h t w e r d e n , d ie s ic h im F le x io n s s y s te m d e s E n g lis c h e n n ic h t f in d e n . D a s B u c h g ib t e in e n Ü b e r b lic k ü b e r S tu d ie n z u r F le x io n s m o r p h o lo g ie d e s D e u ts c h e n , d a r u n te r a u c h z u d e r n e u r o n a le n R e p r ä s e n ta tio n d e r F le x io n , d ie e in e
R e v is io n d e r a m e n g lis c h e n S y s te m d e r p a s t te n s e F le x io n e r w o r b e n e n F o rs c h u n g s e r g e b n is s e b e a n s p r u c h e n .
E in e b e s o n d e r e A u fm e r k s a m k e it w ir d d e n U n te r s u c h u n g e n s e le k tiv e r D e f iz ite b e i S p ra c h s tö r u n g e n g e s c h e n k t. In d e r D e b a tte u m d ie M o d u la r itä ts h y p o th e s e n im m t d ie A u to r in d ie S te llu n g e in , d a s s d a s V o r lie g e n e in e r ( d o p p e lte n ) D is s o z ia tio n z w a r n ic h t z w a n g s lä u f ig a ls E v id e n z f ü r d a s V o r lie g e n d is tin k te r R e p rä s e n ta tio n s e b e n e n o d e r M o d u le z u w e r te n ist, e s g ilt a b e r d e r u m g e k e h r te S c h lu s s : W e r d e n u n te r s c h ie d lic h e m e n ta le R e p rä s e n ta tio n e n f ü r th e o r e tis c h e K la s s if ik a tio n e n p o s tu lie rt, d a n n m ü s s e n d ie u n te rs c h ie d lic h e n R e p r ä s e n ta tio n s e b e n e n v o n H ir n s c h ä d ig u n g e n s e le k tiv b e tr o f f e n w e r d e n . D ie s e T h e s e w ir d d u r c h e in e R e ih e v o n k lin i s c h e n F ä lle n u n te rs tü tz t, b e i d e n e n n a c h H ir n lä s io n e n z u s p e z if is c h e n D e f iz ite n g e k o m m e n ist. D ie A u to r in s tü tz t s ic h d a b e i a u f E rg e b n is s e e ig e n e r U n te r s u c h u n g e n z u r B r o c a - A p h a s ie , w o e in e B e e in tr ä c h tig u n g d e r P r o d u k tio n v o n ir r e g u lä re n P a r tiz ip ie n b e i e rh a lte n e r r e g u lä re r P a r tiz ip f le x io n b e o b a c h te t w u r d e ( P e n k e / J a n s s e n / K r a u s e 1 9 9 9 ; P e n k e / K ra u s e 2 0 0 2 ; P e n k e / W e s te r m a n 2 0 0 6 ). D ie s b e s tä tig e n a u c h U n te r s u c h u n g e n z u r S p r a c h p r o d u k tio n d e u ts c h e r A g ra m m a tik e r, b e i d e n e n s ta tt e in e r k o m p le x e n S a tz s tr u k tu r m it e in e m f in ite n V e rb in d e r V e r b z w e it- P o s itio n e in e r e d u z ie r te P h r a s e n s tru k tu r m it e in e m in f in ite n V e r b in d e r s a tz f in a le n P o s itio n a u f g e b a u t w ir d ( H e e s c h e n 1 9 8 5 ; K o lk / H e e s c h e n 1 992; P e n k e 1 9 9 8 , 2 0 0 0 , 2 0 0 1 ) u n d a n d e re U n te r s u c h u n g e n z u a p h a tis c h e n B e e in trä c h tig u n g e n , d ie b e s tim m te th e o re tis c h p o s tu lie r te K a te g o r ie n o d e r S tr u k tu r e n b e tr e f f e n u n d v o m s p e z if is c h e n m o r p h o lo g is c h e n C h a ra k te r d e r je w e ilig e n S p ra c h e b e e in f lu s s t w e r d e n .
D ie E rg e b n is s e d e r v o n A u to r in d u r c h g e f ü h r te n K u n s tv e r b e liz ita tio n e n m it a p h a tis c h e n V e r s u c h s p e r s o n e n s te lle n d ie T h e s e v o n B y b e e / M o d e r (1 9 8 3 ) in F ra g e , d a s s ir re g u lä re p a s t te n s e M u s te r K a te g o r ie n d e r F a m ilie n ä h n lic h k e it im W ittg e n s te in is c h e n S in n e b z w . P r o to ty p e n im S in n e d e r P r o to ty p e n th e o rie b ild e n . D ie E rg e b n is s e d e r E liz ita tio n s e x p e r im e n te v o n B y b e e / M o d e r (1 9 8 3 ) s o lle n a u f e in e A b h ä n g ig k e it z w is c h e n Ü b e r e in s tim m u n g v o n p h o n o lo g is c h e n M e r k m a le n d e s K u n s tv e rb s u n d d e s P ro to ty p s u n d d e r
A n z a h l v o n a n a lo g z u m ir re g u lä r e n M u s te r g e b ild e te n K u n s tv e r b f o r m e n v e rw e is e n . B y b e e s M o d e ll d e s L e x ik o n s , in d e m f le k tie r te F o rm e n w ie B a s is f o r m e n in e in e m N e tz w e r k a s s o z ia tiv g e s p e ic h e r t s in d u n d w o le x ik a lis c h e V e r b in d u n g e n S c h e m a ta b ild e n , d ie u n a b h ä n g ig v o n d e r B a s is f o r m o p e rie re n , s c h e in t fü r d a s D e u ts c h e n ic h t p la u s ib e l z u s e in . D ie d e u ts c h e n ir re g u lä re n P a r tiz ip ie n w e is e n d e u tlic h w e n ig e r R e im ä h n lic h k e ite n a ls d ie p a s t te n s e F o r m e n d e s E n g lis c h e n . L a u t B y b e e / M o d e r (1 9 8 3 ) ist a b e r d e r S ta m m v o k a l d e r B a s is f o r m f ü r d ie ir re g u lä re F a m ilie irre le v a n t. D ie U n te r s u c h u n g e n m it a p h a tis c h e r S p r e c h e r n h a b e n e rg e b e n , d a s s d e r S ta m m v o k a l d e r B a s is f o r m d ie R a te d e r S u f ig ie r u n g s f e h le r b e i d e r P a r tiz ip p r o d u k tio n b e e in f lu s s t ( P e n k e / J a n s s e n / K ra u s e 1 9 9 9 ). D ie E rg e b n is s e d ie s e r U n te r s u c h u n g e n s o lle n d a r a u f h in d e u te n , d a s s ir re g u lä re P a r tiz ip f o r m e n z u s a m m e n m it d e m B a s is v e r b s ta m m in s tr u k tu r ie rte n le x ik a lis c h e n E in tr ä g e n g e s p e ic h e r t s in d , w a s s ic h g u t in d ie v o n W u n d e r lic h k o n z ip ie r te M in im a lis tis c h e M o r p h o lo g ie in te g r ie r e n lä s s t ( W u n d e rlic h /F a b r i 1 995; W u n d e r lic h 1 9 9 6 a ). Z u d ie s e m A n s a tz p a s s e n z w a r B e o b a c h tu n g e n B y b e e s , d ie le x ik a lis c h e S tä r k e e in e r F a m ilie s e i v o n d e r A n z a h l ih r e r M itg lie d e r a b h ä n g ig , a b e r d e m B a s is s ta m m k o m m t h ie r a n d e r s a ls in B y b e e s A n s a tz e in e b e s o n d e r e R o lle zu.
D ie A u to r in le is te t a u c h e in e n B e itr a g z u r D e b a tte z w is c h e n d u a lis tis c h e n u n d u n tä r - k o n n e k tio n is tis c h e n A n s ä tz e n z u r F le x io n u n d s te llt in F ra g e d ie A rg u m e n ta tio n v o n k o n n e k tio n is tis c h e r S e ite , e in e u n itä r - a s s o z ia tiv e R e p r ä s e n ta tio n f le k tie r te r F o r m e n s e i h in s ic h tlic h d e r S p e ic h e r ö k o n o m ie s p a rs a m e r a ls d ie A n n a h m e z w e ie r d is tin k te r R e p r ä s e n ta tio n s w e is e n , u n d b e tr a c h te t k r itis c h k o n n e k tio n is tis c h e M o d e lle z u r E r f a s s u n g d e s p a s t te n s e E r w e rb s (M o d e lle v o n R u m m e lh a r t & M c C le lla n d , W e s te rm a n n , J o a n is s e & S e id e n b e r g ). A u s s c h la g g e b e n d is t d a b e i d ie B e o b a c h tu n g , d a s s a u c h e in e d e ta ilg e tr e u e S im u la tio n d e r v o r lie g e n d e n D a te n z u E rw e rb , V e r a r b e itu n g , P r o d u k tio n u n d B e e in tr ä c h tig u n g r e g u lä r u n d ir re g u lä r f le k tie r te r F o rm e n in e in e r a s s o z ia tiv e n N e tz s tr u k tu r w e d e r e in B e w e is fü r e in e u n itä r - a s s o z ia tiv e R e p rä s e n ta tio n r e g u lä r u n d ir r e g u lä r f le k tie r te r F o rm e n n o c h E v id e n z g e g e n e in e s y m b o lb a s ie r te
R e p r ä s e n ta tio n r e g u lä r e r F le x io n ist, le d ig lic h e in e B e s tä tig u n g d e r D a te n k o m p a tib ilitä t m it b e id e n R e p r ä s e n ta tio n s m o d e lle n . A n h a n d v ie le r G e g e n a r g u m e n te w ir d n a c h g e w ie s e n , d a s s d ie k o n n e k tio n is tis c h e n N e tz e n ic h t im s ta n d e s in d , d ie K o m p o s itio n a litä t, P r o d u k tiv itä t u n d S y s te m h a f tig k e it s p r a c h lic h e r R e p r ä s e n ta tio n e n z u e r f a s s e n , d a o h n e R e p rä s e n ta tio n e n , d ie m e n ta le , a b s tr a k te K a te g o r ie n e n th a lte n , s o w ie o h n e e in k o m b in a to r is c h e s S y s te m , d a s d u r c h M a n ip u la tio n e n d ie s e r K a te g o r ie n h ie ra rc h is c h e R e la tio n e n z w is c h e n ih n e n h e r s te lle n lä s s t, d ie m e n s c h lic h e S p r a c h f ä h ig k e it n ic h t e r fa s s t w e r d e n k a n n . E in e a u c h a d ä q u a te S im u la tio n in e in e m b e g r e n z te n D a te n b e r e ic h lie f e r t k e in M o d e ll u n s e re s s p r a c h lic h e n w i s s e n s . D ie A u to r in s k iz z ie r t a u c h K o n tr o v e r s e n u m d ie F ra g e , w ie d ie F le x io n s a f f ix e in d e r G r a m m a tik z u r e p r ä s e n tie r e n s in d , o b s ie m e n ta l e in e n e i g e n s tä n d ig e n S ta tu s h a b e n , s o w ie p s y c h o - u n d n e u r o lin g u is tis c h e n B e fu n d e z u r K lä r u n g d ie s e r D is k u s s io n s p u n k te . D ie K o n tr o v e r s e n b e tre ff e n a u c h d e n S c h n itts te lle n c h a r a k te r d e r F le x io n : S in d A ff ix e M o r p h e m e m it e ig e n s tä n d ig e n le x ik a lis c h e n E in tr ä g e n , so m ü s s e n s ie a u c h I n fo r m a tio n e n d a r ü b e r e n th a lte n , w e lc h e m o r p h o s y n ta k tis c h e n M e r k m a le s ie in s ta n z iie r e n . In d e n s c h w a c h le x ik a lis c h e n A n s ä tz e n h a t m a n e in d o p p e lte s V o r h a n d e n s e in v o n m o r p h o s y n ta k tis c h e n M e rk m a le n im L e x ik o n u n d in d e r S y n ta x a ls r e d u n d a n t a n g e s e h e n , w a s z u g le ic h d ie A b le h n u n g e in e r e ig e n s tä n d ig e n m o r p h o lo g is c h e n K o m p o n e n te b e d e u te te . In d e n s ta rk le x ik a lis c h e n A n s ä tz e n ( M in im a lis tis c h e s P ro g r a m m : C h o m s k y (1 9 9 2 , 1995) u n d M in im a lis tis c h e M o r p h o lo g e : W u n d e r lic h / F a b r i (1 9 9 5 ), W u n d e r lic h (1 9 9 6 a , b) w e r d e n d ie v o llf le k tie r te n F o rm e n in d ie S y n ta x p r o jiz ie r t u n d d o r t h in s ic h tlic h ih re r M e r k m a ls k o m p a tib ilitä t ü b e r p r ü f t . D ie d a r g e s te llte n p s y c h o - u n d n e u r o lin g u is tis c h e n B e fu n d e a u s d e n E x p e r im e n te n , in d e n e n V e r le tz u n g e n v o n G e n u s - , N u m e r u s - u n d K a s u s m e r k m a le n s o w o h l f ü r d ie D e te r m in ie re r- a ls a u c h fü r d ie A d je k tiv f le x io n in v e r s c h ie d e n e n s y n ta k tis c h e n K o n te x te n g e te s te t w u rd e n , s p r e c h e n d a fü r, d a s s d a s A u f tr e te n o d e r A u s b le ib e n e in e s U n g r a m m a tik a litä ts e f f e k ts v o n d e r Ü b e r e in s tim m u n g d e r p o s itiv e n A f f ix s p e z if ik a tio n e n m it d e n e n ts p r e c h e n d e n K o n te x ts p e z if ik a tio n e n
a b h ä n g t, w a s d ie T h e s e b e s tä tig t, d a s s d ie A ff ix e in tr ä g e n u r f ü r d ie p o s itiv e n M e rk m a le s p e z if iz ie r t u n d s o m it u n te r s p e z if iz ie r t sin d . D a s B u c h b ie te t e in e n s e h r w e it e n u n d a u s f ü h r lic h e n Ü b e r b lic k ü b e r d ie F o rs c h u n g z u r F le x io n s m o rp h o lo g ie u n d v e r s u c h t, s ie u n te r m ö g lic h s t v ie le n G e s ic h ts p u n k te n z u b e h a n d e ln . D ie A u to r in b e tr a c h te t u n d v e r g le ic h t d ie T h e o r ie n v e r s c h ie d e n e r W is s e n s c h a ftle r u n d b e u r te ilt s ie te ilw e is e k ritis c h . D ie v o r lie g e n d e M o n o g r a p h ie ist w ic h t ig f ü r a lle d ie je n ig e n , d ie s ic h f ü r d ie F le x io n s m o r p h o lo g ie in te r e s s ie r e n . D a s B u c h d e c k t e in v ie lf ä ltig e s S p e k tr u m e m p ir is c h e r S tu d ie n z u m P h ä n o m e n a b , a u c h w e n n v ie lle ic h t ih re k r itis c h e A n a ly s e e tw a s z u k u r z g e k o m m e n ist. T r o tz e in e r u m f a n g r e ic h e n D a r s te llu n g v o n e x p e r im e n te lle n B e f u n d e n b a s ie r t d ie A r b e it v o r a lle m a u f S tu d ie n z u r F le x io n s m o r p h o lo g ie d e s E n g lis c h e n u n d d e s D e u ts c h e n , w o b e i d ie S p r a c h e n m it ty p o lo g is c h r e ic h e r e n F le x io n s s y s te m e n e tw a s v e r n a c h lä s s ig t w u rd e n . A u c h d ie E in b e ttu n g d e r e m p ir is c h e n B e fu n d e in d ie th e o r e tis c h e n Z u s a m m e n h ä n g e lä s s t e in e n g e w is s e n M a n g e l s p ü r e n , o b w o h l d ie A u to r in m e h r m a ls d ie N o tw e n d ig k e it e in e r I n te g r a tio n z u e in e m G e s a m tb ild a lle r v o r lie g e n d e n , s o w o h l d u rc h th e o r e tis c h e Ü b e r le g u n g e n a ls a u c h E x p e r im e n te g e w o n n e n e n E rk e n n tn is s e b e to n t. A n s o n s te n ist ü b e r d a s B u c h n u r P o s itiv e s z u s a g e n . D ie v o r lie g e n d e P u b lik a tio n is t z w a r n ic h t d a s e r s te lin g u is tis c h e W e r k z u r F le x io n s m o rp h o lo g ie , d o c h a ls s o lc h e is t s ie d u r c h a u s le s e n s w e rt.
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