Polityka edukacyjna w Polsce jako element procesu inwestycji w kapitał ludzki. Aspekty ilościowe i jakościowe

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(1)Zeszyty Naukowe nr. 839. 2010. Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie. 5\V]DUGD%RORQHN Katedra Ekonomii Stosowanej. 'DULXV])LUV]W Katedra Ekonomii Stosowanej. 3ROLW\NDHGXNDF\MQDZ3ROVFH MDNRHOHPHQWSURFHVXLQZHVW\FML ZNDSLWDãOXG]NL $VSHNW\LORŋFLRZHLMDNRŋFLRZH :VWÚS 2GSRF]ćWNXODWSU]HNV]WDãFHQLDJRVSRGDUF]HZ3ROVFHREHMPRZDã\SU]HGH ZV]\VWNLPDSDUDWZ\WZyUF]\RUD]SR]\VNDQLHNDSLWDãXILQDQVRZHJRMDNRF]\Q QLNDQLH]EĕGQHJRGODSU]HSURZDG]HQLDSRŧćGDQ\FKSU]HPLDQ:\NRU]\VWDQLH NDSLWDãXNUDMRZHJRRUD]SU]\FLćJQLĕFLHEH]SRŋUHGQLFKLQZHVW\FML]DJUDQLF]Q\FK WRG]LDãDQLDSULRU\WHWRZHNWyUHPDMć]DJZDUDQWRZDþSRGQLHVLHQLHNRQNXUHQF\M QRŋFLJRVSRGDUNL=GRŋZLDGF]HĸZLHOXNUDMyZZ\QLNDŧHWHJRURG]DMXG]LDãDQLD SU]\QRV]ćSRŧćGDQHHIHNW\WMSRGQRV]ćNRQNXUHQF\MQRŋþLSU]\VSLHV]MćWHPSR UR]ZRMXJRVSRGDUF]HJRMHŧHOLQDVWĕSXMćUyZQRF]HŋQLH]LQZHVW\FMDPLZNDSLWDã OXG]NL$QDOL]\WHRUHW\F]QHSURZDG]RQHQDJUXQFLHHQGRJHQLF]QHMWHRULLZ]URVWX GRZRG]ćUyZQLHŧŧHZOXG]NLFKNZDOLILNDFMDFKNU\MHVLĕRJURPQ\SRWHQFMDã NWyU\RGSRZLHGQLRUR]ZLMDQ\LZ\NRU]\VW\ZDQ\PRŧHSU]\F]\QLþVLĕGRLVWRWQHM SRSUDZ\G\QDPLNLZ]URVWXGRFKRGXQDURGRZHJR &HOHPQLQLHMV]HJRRSUDFRZDQLDMHVWGLDJQR]DSURFHVXLQZHVW\FMLZNDSLWDã OXG]NLZ3ROVFHSRF]ćZV]\RGSRF]ćWNXWUDQVIRUPDFMLXVWURMRZHMGRFKZLOL REHFQHM1DSRGVWDZLHGDQ\FKVWDW\VW\F]Q\FKSRFKRG]ćF\FK]HťUyGHãNUDMRZ\FK LPLĕG]\QDURGRZ\FKGRNRQDQD]RVWDãDDQDOL]DQDNãDGyZGHF\GXMćF\FKRVWUX.

(2) 26. Ryszarda Bolonek, Dariusz Firszt. PLHQLDFKNDSLWDãXOXG]NLHJR3RGMĕWRUyZQLHŧSUyEĕLGHQW\ILNDFMLF]\QQLNyZ MDNRŋFLRZ\FKNWyUHRGHJUDã\]QDF]ćFćUROĕZDNXPXODFMLNDSLWDãXOXG]NLHJR ZDQDOL]RZDQ\PRNUHVLH3UH]HQWDFMDEDGDĸHPSLU\F]Q\FK]RVWDãDSRSU]HG]RQD ZVWĕSHPWHRUHW\F]Q\PZNWyU\PXV\VWHPDW\]RZDQRZLHG]ĕQDWHPDWSU]HELHJX SURFHVXLQZHVW\F\MQHJRMDNLPMHVWUR]ZyM]DVREyZOXG]NLFKZJRVSRGDUFH .UHDFMDNDSLWDïXOXG]NLHJRMDNRSURFHVLQZHVW\F\MQ\ 1DWXUDNDSLWDïXOXG]NLHJRMDNRF]\QQLNDSURGXNFML. 6WRVRZDQLHWHUPLQXÅNDSLWDãµZRGQLHVLHQLXGRSU]\QDOHŧQ\FKF]ãRZLHNRZL SU]\GDWQ\FKJRVSRGDUF]RXPLHMĕWQRŋFLXSRZV]HFKQLãRVLĕZOLWHUDWXU]HHNRQR PLF]QHMZODWDFK;;Z]DVSUDZć7:6FKXOW]D0%ODXJDDZV]F]HJyO QRŋFL*6%HFNHUDNWyU]\]DSRF]ćWNRZDOLZVSyãF]HVQ\QXUWEDGDĸQDGNDWHJRULć NDSLWDãXOXG]NLHJR>'RPDĸVNLV@8SRZV]HFKQLHQLHWHUPLQXÅNDSLWDã OXG]NLµR]QDF]DãRQLHW\ONRXSRU]ćGNRZDQLH]DJDGQLHĸGRW\F]ćF\FKMDNRŋFLRZ\FK DVSHNWyZSUDF\SRSU]H]ZSURZDG]HQLHQRZHMNDWHJRULLHNRQRPLF]QHMDOHSU]HGH ZV]\VWNLPE\ãRSXQNWHP]ZURWQ\PZVSRVRELHSRVWU]HJDQLDUROLF]ãRZLHND ZNV]WDãWRZDQLXSURFHVyZJRVSRGDUF]\FK -HV]F]HZSRãRZLH;;ZUR]ZDŧDQLDRJRVSRGDUFHZV]F]HJyOQRŋFLGRW\F]ćFH F]\QQLNyZZ]URVWXJRVSRGDUF]HJRNRQFHQWURZDã\VLĕQDSUREOHPDW\FHDNXPX ODFMLNDSLWDãXIL]\F]QHJRSRGF]DVJG\]DVyESUDF\RNUHŋODQ\E\ã]PLHQQ\PL GHPRJUDILF]Q\PL-HGQRF]HŋQLHHGXNDFMDWUDNWRZDQDE\ãDMDNR]MDZLVNRNXOWX URZHLVSRãHF]QHDZ\GDWNL]QLć]ZLć]DQH]DOLF]DQRSRZV]HFKQLHGRZ\GDWNyZ RFKDUDNWHU]HNRQVXPSF\MQ\P>*DEU\MHOVND*DGRPVNLV@:SURZD G]HQLHSRMĕFLDNDSLWDãOXG]NL]MHJRRF]\ZLVWćDQDORJLćGRNDSLWDãXU]HF]RZHJR R]QDF]DãRXŋZLDGRPLHQLHWHJRŧHyZ]DVyEHNRQRPLF]Q\PRŧQDSRZLĕNV]Dþ ZGURG]HLQZHVW\FML,QQ\PLVãRZ\PRŧOLZHMHVWŋZLDGRPHNV]WDãWRZDQLH]PLDQ MDNRŋFLRZ\FKZVSRãHF]HĸVWZLHLSU]\F]\QLDQLHVLĕW\PVSRVREHPGRUHDOL]DFML UR]ZRMXJRVSRGDUF]HJR 8SRZV]HFKQLHQLHZ,,SRãRZLH;;ZWDNLHJRSRGHMŋFLDGRHNRQRPLF]QHJR Z\PLDUXIXQNFMRQRZDQLDF]ãRZLHNDQLHE\ãRFDãNRZLWćQRZRŋFLć3LHUZV]\P NWyU\RSLVDãSRGRELHĸVWZDSRPLĕG]\NDSLWDãHPWUZDã\PD]DVREHPXPLHMĕWQRŋFL WNZLćF\FKZF]ãRZLHNXE\ã:3HWW\NWyU\QLHW\ONRGRVWU]HJãPRŧOLZRŋþLFK SRPQDŧDQLDZGURG]HQDNãDGyZDOHWDNŧHSRGMćãSLHUZV]ćSUyEĕLORŋFLRZHJRLFK RV]DFRZDQLD>.UXV]HZVNLV@3RGREQ\VSRVyEP\ŋOHQLDZLGRF]Q\MHVW ZSUDFDFK$6PLWKDF]\-6D\DNWyU]\Z\RGUĕEQLOLOXG]NLHXPLHMĕWQRŋFLMDNR ZDŧQ\VNãDGQLNPDMćWNXQDURGRZHJRNWyUHJRWZRU]HQLHZ\PDJDSRQRV]HQLD QDNãDGyZDOHMHGQRF]HŋQLHSU]\F]\QLDVLĕGRZ]URVWXZ\GDMQRŋFLLGRFKRGyZ RE\ZDWHOL>%ODXJV@3RGREQHDQDOL]\PRŧQD]QDOHťþUyZQLHŧZOLWH.

(3) Polityka edukacyjna w Polsce…. 27. UDWXU]H]ODWSyťQLHMV]\FKMHGQDNŧHGRODW;;ZUR]ZDŧDQLDGRW\F]ćFHWHM SUREOHPDW\NLWRF]RQHE\ã\QDPDUJLQHVLHEDGDĸQDGNODV\F]Q\PLF]\QQLNDPL Z\WZyUF]\PL]DŋXŧ\ZDQLHWHUPLQXÅNDSLWDãµZRGQLHVLHQLXGRMHGQRVWNLOXG] NLHMWUDNWRZDQHE\ãRMDNRSRQLŧDMćFH>*DEU\MHOVND*DGRPVNL@ 2NUHŋOHQLHSRGRELHĸVWZPLĕG]\NDSLWDãHPOXG]NLPDNDSLWDãHPIL]\F]Q\P SR]ZDODZ\MDŋQLþQDWXUĕNDSLWDãXOXG]NLHJRRUD]PHFKDQL]P\]DUyZQRMHJR WZRU]HQLDMDNLGHSUHFMDFML1DMZDŧQLHMV]ćFHFKćZVSyOQćZ\PLHQLRQ\FK]DVREyZ HNRQRPLF]Q\FKMHVWWRŧHPRJćE\þSRZLĕNV]DQHZGURG]HLQZHVW\FMLDLFK SRPQDŧDQLHZ\QLND]FKĕFLRVLćJQLĕFLDGRGDWNRZ\FK]\VNyZLGRFKRGyZ2LOH MHGQDNNDSLWDãIL]\F]Q\WZRU]RQ\MHVWRGSRGVWDZRW\OHZZ\SDGNXNDSLWDãX OXG]NLHJRPDP\GRF]\QLHQLD]SHZQćED]ćZ\]QDF]RQćSU]H]JHQHW\F]QHFHFK\ SRSXODFMLZV]F]HJyOQRŋFL]GROQRŋFLSRV]F]HJyOQ\FKSUDFRZQLNyZNWyUHPRŧQD UR]ZLMDþZGURG]HQDNãDGyZQDHGXNDFMĕRUD]DNW\ZL]RZDþSRSU]H]WZRU]HQLH RWZDUWHJRU\QNXSUDF\LOLNZLGDFMĕEDULHUUXFKOLZRŋFLVSRãHF]QHM>2VWRM V@-HGQRF]HŋQLHSURFHVLQZHVW\F\MQ\ZNDSLWDãOXG]NLMHVWGãXJRWUZDã\ LEDUG]LHM]ãRŧRQ\QLŧZ\WZRU]HQLHMDNLHJRNROZLHNVNãDGQLNDPDMćWNXWUZDãHJR 3RGQRV]HQLHNZDOLILNDFMLSRSU]H]HGXNDFMĕ]DVDGQLF]RRGE\ZDVLĕFKRFLDŧ ]UyŧQćLQWHQV\ZQRŋFLćSU]H]FDãHŧ\FLHF]ãRZLHND]F]\PZLćŧćVLĕZ\GDWNL RUyŧQRURGQ\PFKDUDNWHU]H 3RGREQLHMDNNDSLWDãIL]\F]Q\SRGOHJD]Xŧ\FLXWDNWHŧZZ\SDGNXNDSLWDãX OXG]NLHJR]MDZLVNLHPQLHXQLNQLRQ\PMHVWMHJRGHSUHFMDFMDZ\QLNDMćFD]UyŧQ\FK SU]HVãDQHN:REXZ\SDGNDFKPRŧQDWHŧZ\UyŧQLþHNRQRPLF]QHLIL]\F]QH]Xŧ\FLH >'RPDĸVNLV@:Z\QLNXSRVWĕSXQDXNRZRWHFKQLF]QHJRQDVWĕSXMH ]Xŧ\FLHHNRQRPLF]QH:GUDŧDQLHQRZ\FKWHFKQRORJLLSRZRGXMHŧHGRW\FKF]DVRZH NZDOLILNDFMHSUDFRZQLNyZSU]HVWDMćE\þSU]\GDWQHDSU]\QDMPQLHMVWDMćVLĕPQLHM SRV]XNLZDQHLFHQQH0DWRRG]ZLHUFLHGOHQLHZ]PLDQLHV\WXDFMLSUDFRZQLNDQD U\QNXSUDF\]DUyZQRZNZHVWLLPRŧOLZRŋFL]DWUXGQLHQLDMDNLZ\VRNRŋFLVSRG]LH ZDQ\FKGRFKRGyZ7HJRURG]DMXGHSUHFMDFMDNDSLWDãXOXG]NLHJRPRŧHPLHþPLHMVFH MXŧZPRPHQFLHMHJRWZRU]HQLDJG\NZDOLILNDFMH]GRE\ZDQHZSURFHVLHHGXND F\MQ\PRGELHJDMćRGSRWU]HEJRVSRGDUNLSU]HND]\ZDQDZLHG]DMHVWQLHDNWXDOQD EćGťWHŧNLHUXQNLNV]WDãFHQLDQLHRGSRZLDGDMćVWUXNWXU]HJRVSRGDUNL 'UXJLURG]DM]Xŧ\FLDNDSLWDãXOXG]NLHJRMHVWSRGREQ\GR]Xŧ\FLDIL]\F]QHJR VNãDGQLNyZPDMćWNXSU]HGVLĕELRUVWZ-HVWRQQLHXFKURQQ\LZ\QLND]XWUDW\VLã ZLWDOQ\FKQDVNXWHNVWDU]HQLDVLĕF]ãRZLHNDRUD]ZZ\QLNXSRJDUV]DQLDVLĕVWDQX ]GURZLD>'RPDĸVNLV@3URFHVWHQFKRFLDŧW\ONRF]ĕŋFLRZRPRŧQD RSyťQLþSRSU]H]ZãDŋFLZ\VW\Oŧ\FLDRUD]RSLHNĕPHG\F]QćŤUyGãHPGHSUHFMDFML IL]\F]QHMNDSLWDãXOXG]NLHJRPRŧHE\þUyZQLHŧREQLŧHQLHSR]LRPXXPLHMĕWQRŋFL XWUDWDZLHG]\VSDGHNVSUDZQRŋFLPDQXDOQHMLWG

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(5) 28. Ryszarda Bolonek, Dariusz Firszt. WXF\MQ\PNWyUHGRNRQ\ZDQHVćPLPRZROQLHZWUDNFLHZ\NRQ\ZDQLDSUDF\Vć MHMVNXWNLHPXERF]Q\P>2VWRMV@=D]Z\F]DMVWDã\NRQWDNW]]DZRGHP L]ZLć]DQH]W\PVXNFHV\ZQHGRVNRQDOHQLDXPLHMĕWQRŋFLRUD]]GRE\ZDQLHQRZ\FK GRŋZLDGF]HĸZLćŧHVLĕUyZQLHŧ]UHDOL]DFMćLQZHVW\FMLÅQRZ\FKµZF]ĕŋFLUHNRP SHQVXMćF\FK]Xŧ\FLHHNRQRPLF]QH $QDORJLHSRPLĕG]\NDSLWDãHPOXG]NLPLIL]\F]Q\PQLHR]QDF]DMćŧHWHNDWH JRULHVćWRŧVDPH,FK]HVWDZLHQLHXãDWZLDW\ONRGRNRQDQLHDQDOL]\SURFHVXLQZH VW\FMLZNDSLWDãOXG]NLQDWRPLDVWSURFHVDNXPXODFMLNDSLWDãXOXG]NLHJRSU]HELHJD ZRGPLHQQ\VSRVyERUD]LQQHVćVNXWNLHNRQRPLF]QHMHJRSRPQDŧDQLD3U]HGH ZV]\VWNLP]DŋHGXNDFMĕUR]ZyMQDXNLSRVWĕSZ]DNUHVLHPHG\F\Q\LLQQHF]\Q QLNLGHF\GXMćFHRUR]ZRMX]DVREyZOXG]NLFKQDOHŧ\RFHQLDþZ]QDF]QLHV]HUV]\P NRQWHNŋFLHGRVWU]HJDMćFLFKZSã\ZQDLQQHVIHU\HJ]\VWHQFMLF]ãRZLHND 1DNïDG\LG]LDïDQLDVïXĝÈFHSRPQDĝDQLXNDSLWDïXOXG]NLHJR. :OLWHUDWXU]HHNRQRPLF]QHMQDWHPDWWHRULLNDSLWDãXOXG]NLHJRZ\UyŧQLRQR ZLHOHF]\QQLNyZGHF\GXMćF\FKRMHJRNUHDFMLFRŋZLDGF]\R]ãRŧRQRŋFLWHJR SURFHVX2SUyF]Z\GDWNyZDZLĕFLQZHVW\FMLZ\UDŧRQ\FKSLHQLĕŧQLH]Z\NOH Z\UyŧQLDQHVćWDNŧHF]\QQLNLMDNRŋFLRZHSRŋUHGQLRŋZLDGF]ćFHRDNXPXODFML NDSLWDãXOXG]NLHJR1DMF]ĕŋFLHMZ\PLHQLDQHSDUDPHWU\RG]ZLHUFLHGODMćFHG]LD ãDQLDQDU]HF]SRGQRV]HQLDMDNRŋFL]DVREyZOXG]NLFKWR>8UDPHNV@ ² Z\GDWNLQDHGXNDFMĕLV]NROHQLD]DZRGRZH ² Z\GDWNLQDVãXŧEĕ]GURZLD ² OLF]EDOHNDU]\QDW\VOXGQRŋFL ² ŋPLHUWHOQRŋþQLHPRZOćW ² SURJQR]RZDQDSU]HFLĕWQDGãXJRŋþŧ\FLD ² QDNãDG\QDQDXNĕEDGDQLDLUR]ZyM ² ZVSyãF]\QQLNLVNRODU\]DFML ² OLF]EDXŧ\WNRZQLNyZ,QWHUQHWX 3UyEXMćFXSRU]ćGNRZDþSRZ\ŧV]HZVNDťQLNLRUD]RNUHŋOLþUROĕPLHU]RQ\FK QLPLG]LDãDĸZSURFHVLHWZRU]HQLDNDSLWDãXOXG]NLHJRQDOHŧ\]DF]ćþRGF]ãRZLHND MDNRQRŋQLNDWHJRNDSLWDãX:NRQWHNŋFLHSURZDG]RQ\FKUR]ZDŧDĸWUDIQHZ\GDMH VLĕSRVWU]HJDQLHF]ãRZLHNDMDNRWULDG\FLDãRXP\VãLGXFK>'RELMDV@7DN UR]XPLDQDQDWXUDF]ãRZLHNDGHWHUPLQXMHURG]DMLQZHVW\FMLSRQRV]RQ\FKQDMHJR IXQNFMRQRZDQLHLUR]ZyM&LDãRZ\PDJDSRQRV]HQLDQDNãDGyZQDXWU]\PDQLH GODUR]ZRMXXP\VãX]DŋQLH]EĕGQHVćLQZHVW\FMHZV]HURNRUR]XPLDQćHGXNDFMĕ =WU]HFLPVNãDGQLNLHPSU]HMDZLDMćF\PVLĕZQDVWDZLHQLXGRŧ\FLDLNUHDW\ZQRŋFL WUXGQRVNRMDU]\þRNUHŋORQHZ\GDWNLLQZHVW\F\MQH-HVWWRMHGQDNŧHHOHPHQWNWyU\ UyZQLHŧSU]\QDMPQLHMZSHZQ\P]DNUHVLHPRŧHE\þNV]WDãWRZDQ\QSSRSU]H] Z\FKRZDQLHZURG]LQLH.

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