ɆȿɀɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɇȺə ɄɈɆɆɍɇɂɄȺɌɂȼɇȺə ɄɈɆɉȿɌȿɇɐɂə ɂ ɋɈɐɂȺɅɖɇȺə ɅɂɇȽȼɈȾɂȾȺɄɌɂɄȺ
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE AND SOCIAL METHODOLOGY IN LANGUAGE TEACHING
ɋɌȺɇɂɋɅȺȼ ɋəɌɄɈȼɋɄɂ
ABSTRACT. In the era of the electronic information revolution the growth of the information society, functioning and competing natural and artificial languages, new tasks connected with more and more effective intercultural (and interdisciplinary) complementary study of theory and practice problems of teaching foreign languages in proper connection with the development of new information technologies (algorithms) for language data processing have appeared. The role of these tasks and problems will be, no doubt, increasing as a result of the rapid influx of language information and needs to overcome more and more effectively and quickly the language barriers. Under these conditions caused by nowadays as well as future demands and challenges, presented in our paper social methodology in language teaching may be of crucial importance as the new theory and practice of teaching foreign languages.
Stanisław Siatkowski, WyĪsza Szkoła Zarządzania Marketingowego i JĊzyków Obcych, Katowice – Polska. ȼɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɳɢɣ ɛɵɫɬɪɵɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɚɦɢ ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ, ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɰɟɥɟ-ɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ, ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ, ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ--ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ. ȼɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɨɣ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɨ-ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɣ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧ-ɧɨ-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɪɨɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫe ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɜ ɨɫɨɛɟɧ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ, ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧ-ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ. ɂɧɮɨɪ-ɦɚɰɢɹ, ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɚɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɝɥɚɡɚɯ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɬɟɦɩɚɦɢ ɧɚɞɜɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ-ɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɪɢɡɢɫ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɞɢɫɩɪɨ-ɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɥɚɜɢɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɟe ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ (ɩɟɪɟɪɚ-ɛɨɬɤɢ) ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ. ɍɠɟ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɯ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ-ɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɨɣ
ɥɢɬɟɪɚ-ɬɭɪɵ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɭɸ ɬɟɦɭ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɸɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɪɚɫ-ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɭɱɟɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜ. ɇɟ ɨɫɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɚ ɛɟɡ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɝɨ ɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɨɣ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɪɢɫɤ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɣ ɩɪɟɫɥɨɜɭ-ɬɨɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɢ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ. ɇɚɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɚɹ ɷɩɨɯɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭ-ɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɧɚ-ɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɹɳɢɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɤɪɢɡɢɫ. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ ɢ ɛɟɡɩɪɨɜɨɥɨɱ-ɧɚɹ ɫɨɬɨɜɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ, ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɧɟɢɦɨɜɟɪɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɇɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɞɚɠɟ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟ-ɫɵɥɤɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɦ ɟe ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫ-ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɟɭɦɨɥɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɷɬɨɦɭ (ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɤɚ-ɡɚɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɩɭɬɟɣ ɢ „ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɧɵɯ” ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ) ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɵ. ɋɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɮɨɧɞɵ ɢ ɥɚɜɢɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɣ ɪɨɫɬ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɯɨɬɹ ɬɨɠɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɪɚɫ-ɬɭɳɟɣ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɧɟɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧ-ɧɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɱɬɨ ɪɨɥɶ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ, ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɟɫɬɟ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ. Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɭ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɦɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɭɸ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɦɢɨ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɞɵ. ȼɟɫɶ ɫɟɤɪɟɬ ɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɜ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶ-ɧɨɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɫɩɟ-ɰɢɮɢɤɟ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɜ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ (ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ, ɨɛɯɨɞɹɳɟɣ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɫɪɟɞ-ɫɬɜɚ) ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ1, ɦɚɲɢɧɨɣ (ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɨɦ) ɢ ɦɵɲɥɟ-ɧɢɟɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ2, ɯɨɬɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɰɟɥɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɟɣɪɨɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɦɚɲɢɧɨɣ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɛɢɨɧɢɤɢ (ɛɢɨɤɢɛɟɪɧɟɬɢɤɢ) ɭɠɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹɬɫɹ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɤɚɤɚɹ-ɬɨ ɧɚɞɟɠɞɚ ɦɟɠɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɪɚɡɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ (ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ), ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɢ ɢ, ɩɨ-ɜɢ-ɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɛɢɨ- ɢ ɧɚɧɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɛɵ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɶɫɹ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɦɵɫɥɢ, ɫɤɪɵɬɵɟ ɜ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɦ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. Ɋɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɟ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɚ (-ɨɜ) ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ (ɹɡɵɤ1 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ – ɦɚɲɢɧɚ – ɹɡɵɤ2 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ), ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ, ɤɚɤ ɭɠɟ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 40-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɏɏ ɜ., ɧɟɨɞɧɨɤɪɚɬɧɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɧ-ɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ, ɯɨɬɹ ɟɳɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɭɬɢ ɬɪɭɞɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɜɢɞɟɧɧɨɦ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɪɚɫcɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚ
ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ ɜ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɢ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɦ ɢ ɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ, ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɧɨɣ ɫ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɣ (ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ1 – ɦɚɲɢɧɚ – ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ2), ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɨɣ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ (ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚɦɢ, ɚɜɬɨ-ɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɧɧɨɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɡɸɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.). Ʉɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɧɚɞɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɟɫɬɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɢ-ɩɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ, ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɭɠɟ (ɜ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ), ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧ-ɧɵɯ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɣ. Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢ-ɤɢ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɣ ɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɤ ɂɧ-ɬɟɪɧɟɬɭ ɢɥɢ ɤ ɦɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧɭ, ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɹ ɹɡɵɤɨ-ɜɵɟ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɵ. ɇɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɜɨɩɪɟɤɢ ɜɡɝɥɹɞɚɦ ɢ ɧɚ-ɞɟɠɞɚɦ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ, ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ, ɟɳɟ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ-ɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɛɢɨɤɢɛɟɪɧɟɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɨɜ ɦɚ-ɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɭɬ ɤ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ. Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɣ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɨɢɫɤɨɜɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɢɥɢ ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦ ɦɚɲɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ, ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚ-ɞɚɟɬ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɡ-ɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɧɟɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɢɫ-ɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɫɟɦɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɮɨɪ-ɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɭɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ, ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɜɚɪɟɦ ɢ ɝɪɚɦɦɚɬɢɤɨɣ. ɉɨ ɷɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɧɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶ ɫɨɞɟɪ-ɠɚɧɢɟ, ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɹɦ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɨɛɥɟɧ. Ɉɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɬɶ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ, ɧɨ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɧɟɩɨ-ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɧɟɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɢɦɵ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɡ ɧɢɯ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ ɫɜɨ-ɢɦ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ (ɚɥɝɨɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɵɦ) ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɨ-ɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɦ ɢ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɬɶ, ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɤɨɞɨɜɨɣ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɭɸ ɩɪɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɭɸ ɧɨɜɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ. ɑɬɨ ɤɚɫɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɨɡɝɨɦ ɢ ɦɚɲɢ-ɧɨɣ, ɬɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɤɢɛɟɪɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣ-ɫɬɜɨ (ɦɚɲɢɧɚ) ɬɨɠɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵ-ɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɵ-ɦɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ (ɜɨɫɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ, ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ) ɢ ɜɪɹɞ ɥɢ ɫɦɨɠɟɬ
ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɫɪɚɜɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫ ɭɧɢ-ɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɵɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ „ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨɦ” ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ. ȼɫɟ ɜɵɲɟɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɦ, ɫɨɡɞɚɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɷɫɩɟɪɚɧɬɨ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɬɶ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ, ɩɨɯɨɠɢɦɢ ɧɚ ɟɫɬɟ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ. ɂɡ ɜɵɲɟɫɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɟɦɢɨɬɢɱɧɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟ-ɧɢɹɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɟɜɨɫ-ɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ (ɜ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ), ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɩɨ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɦɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɩɟɪɚ-ɰɢɣ, ɬ.ɟ. ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɥ-ɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɪɚɜɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ. Ⱥ ɷɬɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɢɫ-ɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ „ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɬɨɜ”, ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ „ɫɨɸɡɧɢɤɨɜ” ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬ, ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵ-ɤɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶ-ɲɟɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜɨ ɢɦɹ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ-ɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɚ. ɂɡ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɱɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɯɨɪɨ-ɲɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɟɳɟ ɞɨɥɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɬɶ. ɉɪɚɜɞɚ, ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɵ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɦɧɟɧɢɟ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɜ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɟɬ ɤɚɤɚɹ-ɬɨ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɭɧɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ. ɇɨ ɧɚɞɨ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ, ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɤɨɪɟɟ ɦɚɥɨɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ (ɜɟɞɶ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɫɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢɯ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɰɢɢ) ɛɵɥ ɛɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɬɟɪɹɦɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɯ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɬɟɫɧɨ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢ. ɗɬɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɹɡɵ-ɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ. Ƚɨɪɚɡɞɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɣ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɚɝɦɚ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɧɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ, ɰɟɥɹɯ ɢ ɫɮɟɪɚɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ, ɩɨ-ɜɢɞɢɦɨɦɭ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟ-ɦɨɝɨ ɭɠɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ, ɬ.ɧɚɡ. ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɨɯɪɚ-ɧɟɧɢɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɨ-ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɢɹ ɢ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɢ. Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɫ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɨ ɛɵ ɜɫɟɨɛɳɟɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɭ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɢ-ɜɨɞɢɥɨ ɛɵ ɤ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ. ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɫɢɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɪɨɫɥɨ ɛɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɧɨ ɨɛɭɱɚɟɦɵɯ ɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɦ ɦɚɫɲɬɚɛɟ, ɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɥɨɫɶ ɛɵ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɞɭɤɰɢɢ, ɱɬɨ, ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ, ɫɧɢɡɢɥɨ ɛɵ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ, ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɟɣ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɨɣ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɦɨɥɨɞɨɝɨ ɩɨɤɨɥɟ-ɧɢɹ, ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ.
Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɥɸɞɢ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɜɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɵ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɟ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɵ, ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɞɚɠɟ ɬɨɝɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɛɭɞɭ-ɳɟɦ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɬɢɩɚ „ɹɡɵɤ1ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ – ɦɚɲɢɧɚ – ɹɡɵɤ2 ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ” ɢɥɢ „ɦɵɲ-ɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ1 – ɦɚɲɢɧɚ – ɦɵɲ„ɦɵɲ-ɥɟɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ2” ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɷɮɮɟɤ-ɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ. Ɍɟɦ ɛɨɥɟɟ, ɱɬɨ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ-ɧɨɫɬɟɣ, ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ, ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚ-ɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɞɢɧɚ-ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɟɪɟɦɟ-ɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɷɮɮɟɤɬ „ɫɨɤɪɚɩɟɪɟɦɟ-ɳɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ” ɧɚ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɩɥɚɧɟɬɟ, ɪɚɡɜɢ-ɬɢɟ ɦɚɫɫ-ɦɟɞɢɹ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɬɭɪɢɡɦɚ (ɝɪɭɩɩɨɜɨɝɨ ɢ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ), ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɢ ɦɨɬɢɜɵ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɥɸɞɢ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɜ, ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɜɚɬɶ ɹɡɵ-ɤɨɜɵɟ ɛɚɪɶɟɪɵ, ɢɡɭɱɚɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɯɨɬɹ ɛɵ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞ-ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɨɛɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɦ. ȼ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ- ɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɦɟɠɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɵ ɹɜɥɹ-ɸɬɫɹ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɧɢɦɵɦɢ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɢ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɤ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɸ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɪɚɫɬɢ, ɨɫɨ-ɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɋɪɟɞɧɟɜɨɫɬɨɱɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɧɢɠɟ, ɱɟɦ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɉɨɥɶɲɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ, ɪɚɫɰɟɧɢɜɚ-ɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɯɨɞɨɜɨɣ „ɬɨɜɚɪ”. Ɉɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɟ ɩɨ-ɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɸ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ (ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ) ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɯ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɚɱɢ-ɧɚɹ ɜɫɟ ɱɚɳɟ ɫ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɱɚɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɜɭɡɨɜ, ɚ ɬɚɤ-ɠɟ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɳɟɟɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɥɚɬɧɵɯ ɥɟɬɧɢɯ (ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɤɚɧɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ) ɢ ɤɪɭɝɥɨɝɨɞɢɱɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥ ɢ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɨɪɝɚ-ɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɢɡɭɱɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɷɬɢ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɡɚ-ɫɥɨɧɹɬɶ ɬɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɵ ɨɬɫɬɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɞɚɧ-ɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ, ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɦ ɹɡɵɤɚɦ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟ-ɦɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ (ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ) ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɫɢɫɬɟ-ɦɟɪɧɨ 15 ɥɟɬ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɵɯ ɜɵɲɟ ɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɯ ɮɨɪɦ ɨɛɭ-ɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɲɤɨɥɚɯ, ɝɞɟ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɵɯ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚ-ɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɦɨɠɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ ɨɛ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɟ, ɬɨ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɜɫɟ ɟɳɟ ɞɚɸɬ ɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɩɪɟɠɧɢɟ ɦɧɨɝɨɥɟɬɧɢɟ ɩɪɢɜɵɱɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɜɵɤɢ ɷɤɫɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨ-ɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ (ɟɫɥɢ ɧɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ
ɢɫ-ɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɣ). Ɇɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɩɪɟɞɜɟɳɚɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɟ-ɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɜ ɉɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɦ, ɟɫɥɢ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɟ ɤɚɞɪɨɜɵɟ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɥɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨɟ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɨɪɢɟɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ. ɉɨɫɥɟɜɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɨɡɧɚɦɟɧɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢ (ɝɥɨɬɬɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢ). Ɋɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɧɟɨɮɢɥɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɰɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɢɞɟɢ, ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ, ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟ-ɧɢɹ, ɤ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɱɚɫɬɨ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɟ ɜɧɟɞɪɹɥɢɫɶ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɭ ɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɭɡɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ. Ɋɚɡ-ɜɢɬɢɟ ɞɨɲɤɨɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ, ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫ ɞɚɜɧɢɯ ɜɪɟɦɟɧ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ, ɭ ɧɚɫ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ. ɇɨ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɷɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɩɭɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟ-ɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ, ɤɚɤ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɧɟ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɡɚ ɪɭɛɟɠɨɦ, ɜɜɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɫɬɚɦɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ, ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɵ ɨɠɢɜɥɹ-ɸɬ ɢ ɧɟɪɟɞɤɨ ɞɟɥɚɨɠɢɜɥɹ-ɸɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɚɭɞɢɨɜɢɡɭɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ, ɦɭɥɶɬɢɦɟɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɹ. ɍɱɢɬɵɜɚɹ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ, ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɚɹ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɳɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ, ɩɨ ɧɚɲɟɦɭ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɶɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɧɚɭɤɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɨɛɳɟɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɦ ɢɧ-ɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɷɬɚɩɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɜɫɬɭɩɢɥ ɧɚ ɩɭɬɶ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɭɱɢ-ɬɵɜɚɹ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɟ ɢɡ ɜɵɲɟɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ, ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛ-ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɵɡɨɜɨɜ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚɫɭɳɧɚɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ, ɞɚɠɟ ɩɟɪɟɥɨɦɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟ-ɧɟɧɢɣ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɭɬɢ. ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɳɭɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɫɬɪɟɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɞɜɢɝɚɦ. ɉɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ, ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɧɚɞɟ-ɹɬɶɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ ɛɥɢɠɚɣɲɟɟ ɛɭɞɭɳɟɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɯ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɥɨɞɨɬɜɨɪɧɵɯ, ɤɚɤ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɬ-ɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɟɧɰɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɭɦɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɢ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɢɞɟɹ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢ (ɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢ), ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɜ ɨɫɧɨ-ɜɟ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɣɫɹ ɜ ɮɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɤ ɩɟɱɚɬɢ ɦɨɟɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ Ɍɟɨ-ɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢ. Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ-ɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɭ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɜ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɝɪɚɧɧɨɣ
ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ (ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɢ) ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɤɟ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸ-ɳɟɦɭ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɹɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ ɞɪɭ-ɝɢɦɢ ɧɚɭɤɚɦɢ, ɩɨɫɬɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɚ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɫɱɟɪɩɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɚɯ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶ-ɬɭɪɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ, ɩɪɢɝɨɞɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɟ, ɱɬɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ-ɫɹ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤɚɯ, ɢ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɟ, ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɭɬɨɟ ɞɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ (ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ) ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ. ɗɬɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ, ɚ ɡɚɨɞɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɫɨɡɞɚɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɹ-ɠɟɧɢɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɥɟɬ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ 1971 ɝɨɞɚ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɚ ɏɏɏ ɫɴɟɡɞɟ ɉɨɥɶɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɛ-ɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɜ ɜ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɧɧɨɦ ɦɧɨɸ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɭ ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɨɯɜɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ, ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɟ, ɪɟɚɥɢɨɜɟɞɱɟɫɤɢɟ (ɫɬɪɚɧɨɜɟɞɱɟ-ɫɤɢɟ), ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ (ɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ) ɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ (ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɵɥɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɵ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ) ɨɫɧɨɜɵ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢ-ɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ (ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɟ), ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɦ ɤɨɧɬɟɤ-ɫɬɟ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨ-ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨ-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɣ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɨɛ-ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪ-ɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɪɟɱɟɹɡɵɤɨɜɚɹ ɦɟɠɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɰɢɹ. ȼ ɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɨɦ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɟ ɛɵɥɢ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɱɟɪɬɚɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ (ɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ) ɚɫɩɟɤɬɵ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ – ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ, ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ-ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢ-ɨɧɧɵɣ, ɮɭɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ (ɩɪɨɝɧɨɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ) ɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ1. Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɧɚɲɥɨ ɨɬɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɱɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɧɨɸ ɫɬɚɬɶɹɯ, ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɨɤɥɚɞɚɯ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɝɪɟɫɫɚɯ ɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢ-ɹɯ. ɇɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɵɯ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɲɟɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɚɹ ɤɧɢɝɚ. ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɨɩɪɚɜɞɚɥɚɫɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɦɧɨ-ɝɨɚɫɩɟɤɬɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɞɨ-ɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɧɢɦɢ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɧɟɦɚɥɨɜɚɠɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜɫɩɨɦɨ-ɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɢɥɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɜɵɪɚɡɢɬɶɫɹ – ɪɨɥɶ ɞɪɨɠ-ɠɟɣ, ɛɟɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ, ɨɞɧɚɤɨ, ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɛɵ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɞɨɛɪɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɫɬɚ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɞɨɛɪɨɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ (ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ) ɥɢɧɝɜɨ-ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ. ________________ 1 Cɦ. ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɠɭɪɧɚɥɟ „JĊzyk Polski” 1972, nr 1, c. 75–76.
Ɉ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɨɬɧɨ-ɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɨ-ɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɨɬ ɮɚɤɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɟɫɹɬɢɥɟɬɢɹ ɜ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɫɬɵ, ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɵ ɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɵ, ɡɚɧɢɦɚɹɫɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ, ɩɨɫɬɨ-ɹɧɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɚɱɟ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɹɥɢ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɟ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɟ ɤɪɭɝ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣ, ɬɚɤɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɤɚ, ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɹ, ɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɢɤɚ, ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɬ.ɩ., ɧɨ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɬɚɤɨɜɚɹ (ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ) ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɧɟ ɭɱɢɬɵ-ɜɚɥɚɫɶ ɜ ɪɹɞɭ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɧɚɭɤ. Ⱥ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɟɦ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɸ, ɱɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɟɟ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɵ ɹɡɵɤɨɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ) ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚ-ɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɫɧɨɜ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɨɛɨɝɚɳɟɧɢɹ, ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɭɫɤɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜ-ɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ, ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɫɶ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɦ ɪɵɱɚɝɨɦ (ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ) ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨ-ɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɢɯ ɝɥɚɡɚɯ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɢɡ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɧɚɭɤɢ ɰɢɤɥ ɬɪɟɯ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧ – ɥɢɧɝɜɨ-ɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢ. ɗɬɢ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɚɦɢ, ɰɟɥɹɦɢ, ɡɚɞɚɱɚɦɢ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ, ɦɟɬɨɞɚɦɢ ɢ ɬ.ɞ. ɇɟ ɜɞɚɜɚɹɫɶ ɜ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ, ɡɞɟɫɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɦɟɬɢɦ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɜɟɫɨɦ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɤɨɪɨɱɟ ɝɨɜɨɪɹ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ (ɬ.ɟ. ɫɨɰɢɨ-ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɬɢɤɢ, ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ, ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɬ.ɩ.). ȼ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɷɬɢ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ, ɜ ɫɨɰɢ-ɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɟ (ɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɟ) ɨɧɢ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤ-ɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɲɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɩɨɱɜɟ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɨɧɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɞɨɦɢɧɚɧɬɧɵɦ, ɩɪɟɞɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɨɦ. Ʉɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ „ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ” ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɟɩɨɞɚɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɨɫɬɪɚɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚ-ɱɟɧɢɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɭɸɳɚɹ ɧɚɫ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɤɚ, ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɷɬɨɣ, ɧɚ ɧɚɲ ɜɡɝɥɹɞ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɰɢɤɥɚ ɞɢɫɰɢɩ-ɥɢɧɵ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɬ, ɤɚɤ ɭɠɟ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ, ɲɢɪɨɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɚɫɩɟɤɬ-ɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɦɧɨɝɨɚɫɩɟɤɬ-ɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ (ɢ ɫɨɰɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ-ɫɤɢɯ) ɢ ɪɚɜɧɨɰɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɣ, ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɧɨ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢ ɪɟ-ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɦɟɠɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɥɢɧɝɜɨɞɢɞɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ.
